Coal liquefaction reaction device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a coal liquefaction reaction device and method, comprising: a first liquefaction reactor, wherein the first liquefaction reactor is provided with a accommodating chamber and is provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge in communication with the accommodating chamber; a first distribution plate, wherein the first distribution plate is disposed within the accommodating chamber and divides the accommodating chamber into a first and a second independent accommodating chamber, wherein the first feed inlet is connected to the first accommodating chamber, and the first discharge inlet is connected to the second accommodating chamber; and wherein the first distribution plate is provided with a plurality of first gas-liquid distributors; a first gas-liquid separator, wherein the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected to the first accommodating chamber within a set height range from the first distribution plate toward the first feed inlet; and a first compressor, wherein the air inlet of the first compressor is connected to the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the exhaust port of the first compressor is connected to the first feed inlet. The present invention can improve the utilization rate of the liquefaction reactor and the hydrogen per-pass conversion rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of direct coal liquefaction, and in particular to a coal liquefaction reaction device and method. Background Art

[0002] During the coal liquefaction process, a mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry needs to be injected into the liquefaction reactor, and a liquefaction reaction is carried out in the liquefaction reactor. A distribution plate is provided in the liquefaction reactor, and the distribution plate is close to one end of the feed inlet of the liquefaction reactor, dividing the interior of the liquefaction reactor into two spaces above and below the distribution plate. After the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry enters the space below the distribution plate, it is evenly distributed by the distribution plate and then enters the space above the distribution plate. Among them, the amount of hydrogen required to consume per unit volume of coal slurry in the space below the distribution plate is greater. However, in the existing production process, hydrogen is not fully mixed with the coal slurry in the space below the distribution plate, and the hydrogen residence time is short, resulting in insufficient hydrogen supply in the space below the distribution plate, making it impossible to carry out a sufficient coal liquefaction reaction, while the hydrogen content in the space above the distribution plate is too high, resulting in waste, resulting in low utilization rate of the liquefaction reactor and low hydrogen single-pass conversion rate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a coal liquefaction reaction device and method to solve the above technical problems.

[0004] The coal liquefaction reaction device provided by the present invention comprises:

[0005] a first liquefaction reactor, wherein the first liquefaction reactor is provided with a containing cavity, and is provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge port communicating with the containing cavity;

[0006] a first distribution plate, the first distribution plate being disposed in the accommodating chamber to separate the accommodating chamber into an independent first accommodating chamber and a second accommodating chamber, the first feed inlet being connected to the first accommodating chamber, the first feed outlet being connected to the second accommodating chamber, and a plurality of first gas-liquid distributors being installed on the first distribution plate;

[0007] a first gas-liquid separator, wherein the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected to the first accommodating cavity within a set height range from the first distribution plate toward the first feed inlet;

[0008] A first compressor, wherein the air inlet of the first compressor is connected to the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the exhaust port of the first compressor is connected to the first feed port.

[0009] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes:

[0010] a first pressure gauge, the first pressure gauge being used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber near one end of the first discharge port;

[0011] A second pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating cavity close to one end of the first distribution plate.

[0012] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes: a first controller, wherein an input end of the first controller is communicatively connected to output ends of the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge, and an output end of the first controller is communicatively connected to a control end of the first compressor.

[0013] Optionally, the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is communicated with the first feed inlet.

[0014] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes: a first nozzle assembly, wherein the first nozzle assembly is arranged at the first feed inlet.

[0015] Optionally, the first nozzle assembly comprises:

[0016] an injection body, wherein an injection cavity is provided in the injection body, and a gas inlet and an injection outlet are provided in communication with the injection cavity, the gas inlet is in communication with the exhaust port of the first compressor, and the injection outlet is in communication with the first feed port;

[0017] A nozzle penetrates the spray body and extends to the spray outlet.

[0018] Optionally, the first gas-liquid distributor is configured as a jet-type gas-liquid distributor.

[0019] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes:

[0020] a second liquefaction reactor, wherein the second liquefaction reactor is provided with a containing cavity, and is provided with a second feed inlet and a second feed outlet communicating with the containing cavity, wherein the second feed inlet is connected with the first feed outlet;

[0021] a second distribution plate, the second distribution plate being disposed in the accommodating chamber to separate the accommodating chamber into an independent first accommodating chamber and a second accommodating chamber, the second feed inlet being connected to the first accommodating chamber, the second feed outlet being connected to the second accommodating chamber, and a plurality of second gas-liquid distributors being installed on the second distribution plate;

[0022] a second gas-liquid separator, wherein the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator is in communication with the first accommodating cavity within a set height range from the second distribution plate toward the second feed inlet;

[0023] A second compressor, wherein the air inlet of the second compressor is connected to the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator, and the exhaust port of the second compressor is connected to the second feed port.

[0024] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further comprises: a third pressure gauge, the third pressure gauge being used to measure the pressure value of one end of the second accommodating chamber close to the second discharge port;

[0025] a fourth pressure gauge, configured to measure a pressure value in the second accommodating chamber close to one end of the second distribution plate;

[0026] A second controller, wherein the input end of the second controller is communicatively connected to the output ends of the third pressure gauge and the fourth pressure gauge, and the output end of the second controller is communicatively connected to the control end of the second compressor.

[0027] The present invention further provides a coal liquefaction reaction method, based on any of the above-mentioned coal liquefaction reaction devices, comprising the following steps:

[0028] injecting a mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry into a first liquefaction reactor to carry out a coal liquefaction reaction in the first liquefaction reactor;

[0029] draining the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry from a set height range in the first liquefaction reactor from the first distribution plate toward the first feed inlet to the first gas-liquid separator;

[0030] The first gas-liquid separator separates the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry into independent hydrogen and coal slurry, and delivers the hydrogen to the first compressor;

[0031] The first compressor pressurizes the hydrogen delivered from the first gas-liquid separator and re-delivers the pressurized hydrogen to the first liquefaction reactor.

[0032] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes a second liquefaction reactor, and the coal liquefaction reaction method further includes the following steps:

[0033] The liquefied product in the first liquefaction reactor is discharged into the second liquefaction reactor through the first discharge port of the first liquefaction reactor, and the coal liquefaction reaction is performed again in the second liquefaction reactor.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) By adopting the coal liquefaction reaction device and method of the present invention, the coal slurry in the first holding chamber can be fully mixed with the hydrogen drawn out from the air cushion layer and re-pressurized and transported back to the feed port for multiple times to carry out coal liquefaction reaction, so that a large amount of hydrogen circulates in the first holding chamber, meeting the demand for hydrogen of the coal slurry in the first holding chamber, and solving the problems of insufficient reaction and easy coking caused by insufficient hydrogen supply in the first holding chamber; (2) the amount of hydrogen in the second holding chamber is regulated, so as to avoid the waste of energy required for excessive compression of hydrogen and subsequent separation, and make rational use of hydrogen; (3) the excessive hydrogen supply in the second holding chamber is reduced, so as to reduce the apparent gas velocity of the second holding chamber, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of solid concentration distribution and residence time distribution in the reactor, better maintaining a stable flow state in the reactor, and thus improving the space utilization rate and hydrogen single-pass conversion rate of the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 1: First liquefaction reactor; 101: First feed inlet; 102: First discharge port; 103: First accommodating chamber; 104: Second accommodating chamber; 2: First distribution plate; 3: First gas-liquid separator; 4: First compressor; 5: First gas-liquid distributor; 6: First pressure gauge; 7: Second pressure gauge; 8: First controller; 9: First nozzle assembly; 901: Injection body; 902: Nozzle; 903: Gas inlet; 904: Injection outlet; 10: Second nozzle assembly; 11: Second liquefaction reactor; 1101: Second feed inlet; 1102: Second discharge port; 1103: First accommodating chamber; 1104: Second accommodating chamber; 12: Second distribution plate; 13: Second gas-liquid separator; 14: Second compressor; 15: Second gas-liquid distributor; 16: Third pressure gauge; 17: Fourth pressure gauge; 18: Second controller; 19: Hydrogen transmission pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only simplified descriptions for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

[0043] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the coal liquefaction reaction device includes a first liquefaction reactor 1 , a first distribution plate 2 , a first gas-liquid separator 3 and a first compressor 4 .

[0044] A accommodating chamber is provided in the first liquefaction reactor 1, and a first feed port 101 and a first discharge port 102 communicating with the accommodating chamber are provided; the first distribution plate 2 is provided in the accommodating chamber, dividing the accommodating chamber into an independent first accommodating chamber 103 and a second accommodating chamber 104, the first feed port 101 communicating with the first accommodating chamber 103, the first discharge port 102 communicating with the second accommodating chamber 104, and a plurality of first gas-liquid distributors 5 are installed on the first distribution plate 2; the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 is communicated with the first accommodating chamber 103 within a set height range from the first distribution plate 2 toward the first feed port 101; the air inlet of the first compressor 4 is communicated with the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3, and the exhaust port of the first compressor 4 is communicated with the first feed port 101.

[0045] During use, the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry enters the first containing chamber 103 from the first feed port 101 through the conveying pipeline, and enters the second containing chamber 104 after being evenly distributed through the first distribution plate 2 and the first gas-liquid distributor 5 arranged thereon. The hydrogen and coal slurry undergo coal liquefaction reaction in the first containing chamber 103 and the second containing chamber 104 respectively, and the liquefied product is discharged through the first discharge port 102. Within a set height range below the first distribution plate 2, hydrogen accumulates to form an air cushion layer, and the air cushion layer is connected by a pipeline, and the hydrogen containing a small amount of coal slurry in the air cushion layer is drained to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 outside. After separation by the first gas-liquid separator 3, the hydrogen is transported to the first compressor 4. After being pressurized by the first compressor 4, it is re-transported to the first containing chamber 103 through the first feed port 101. In the first containing chamber 103, the mixture therein is stirred again, and is fully mixed and contacted with the coal slurry to carry out coal liquefaction reaction. A part of the hydrogen that is re-transported fully reacts with the coal slurry in the first containing chamber 103, and a part continues to move upward through the first distribution plate 2 into the second containing chamber 104 to react with the coal slurry in the second containing chamber 104. In this way, the hydrogen accumulated under the first distribution plate 2 is drained, separated, and pressurized multiple times, and then re-delivered to the first receiving chamber 103, so that the coal slurry in the first receiving chamber 103 can be fully mixed with the hydrogen multiple times and undergo coal liquefaction reaction. After the hydrogen fully reacts with the coal slurry in the first receiving chamber 103, the amount of hydrogen entering the second receiving chamber 104 is appropriately reduced.

[0046] By using the coal liquefaction reaction device of the present invention, the coal slurry in the first accommodating chamber 103 can be fully mixed with the hydrogen drawn out from the air cushion layer and re-pressurized and transported back multiple times to undergo a coal liquefaction reaction, thereby meeting the demand for hydrogen in the first accommodating chamber 103. The amount of hydrogen in the second accommodating chamber 104 is appropriately reduced, avoiding hydrogen waste, thereby improving the utilization rate of the liquefaction reactor and the hydrogen single-pass conversion rate.

[0047] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the first liquefaction reactor 1 is vertically arranged, the first feed port 101 is opened at the center of its bottom, the first discharge port 102 is opened at the center of its top, and the first distribution plate 2 is arranged at a position below the center height of the first liquefaction reactor 1, dividing the accommodating chamber into a first accommodating chamber 103 with a smaller lower volume and a second accommodating chamber 104 with a larger upper volume. A plurality of the first gas-liquid distributors 5 are evenly arranged on the first distribution plate 2. Figure 1 The inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 is located on the right side thereof, the gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 is located on the left side thereof, and the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 is located on the lower side thereof. Figure 1 The range indicated by the dotted line below the first distribution plate 2 is the area where hydrogen accumulates during the reaction, i.e., the air cushion layer. By means of multiple pipelines, the air cushion layer is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3, the air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 and the air inlet of the first compressor 4, and the exhaust port of the first compressor 4 and the first feed port 101. The liquefied product in the first liquefaction reactor 1 is discharged through the first discharge port 102. Among them, the hydrogen in the air cushion layer is drawn out and separated and pressurized and then circulated back to the first holding chamber 103. The impact force of high-pressure hydrogen can also be used to solve the problem of easy coking at the bottom of the first holding chamber 103, appropriately reduce the hydrogen supply in the second holding chamber 104, and reduce the superficial gas velocity in the second holding chamber 104, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of solid concentration and residence time in the second holding chamber 104, and better maintain the overall plug flow state of the liquefaction reactor. According to actual application conditions, the specific shape and size of the first liquefaction reactor 1, the specific setting position of the first distribution plate 2 in the accommodating chamber, and the number of the first gas-liquid separators 3 can all be adjusted, and the connection position between the pipeline connecting the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 and the first liquefaction reactor 1 is adjusted as the gas cushion layer where hydrogen accumulates changes.

[0048] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes a first pressure gauge 6 and a second pressure gauge 7. The first pressure gauge 6 is used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber 104 near the first discharge port 102; the second pressure gauge 7 is used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber 104 near the first distribution plate 2. In this arrangement, the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 7 respectively monitor the pressure values ​​in the second accommodating chamber 104 near the first discharge port 102 and the first distribution plate 2, and calculate the pressure difference between the two. If the pressure difference is too large, it means that the hydrogen content in the second accommodating chamber 104 is too small, and the hydrogen participating in the reaction in the first accommodating chamber 103 is too much. At this time, the output power of the first compressor 4 is appropriately reduced, and the amount of hydrogen drawn out from the air cushion layer under the first distribution plate 2 and the number of hydrogen circulations are reduced. Then, the amount of hydrogen re-delivered to the first accommodating chamber 103 is reduced, and the number of times the coal slurry and hydrogen are fully mixed and reacted is reduced, thereby reducing the first accommodating chamber 1 03 decreases, more hydrogen can enter the second containing chamber 104 through the first distribution plate 2 and participate in the coal liquefaction reaction in the second containing chamber 104; if the pressure difference is too small, it means that the hydrogen content in the second containing chamber 104 is too much. At this time, the output power of the first compressor 4 is appropriately increased, and the amount of hydrogen drawn out from the air cushion layer under the first distribution plate 2 and the number of hydrogen circulations are increased, then the amount of hydrogen re-delivered back to the first containing chamber 103 increases, and the number of times the coal slurry and hydrogen are fully mixed and reacted increases, thereby increasing the amount of hydrogen consumed in the first containing chamber 103, and less hydrogen can enter the second containing chamber 104 through the first distribution plate 2.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the first pressure gauge 6 is close to the first discharge port 102, and the second pressure gauge 7 is close to the first distribution plate 2. The specific installation positions of the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 7 can be adjusted appropriately according to actual application conditions, and any commercially available specifications and models that meet the requirements can be selected.

[0050] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction apparatus further includes a first controller 8, wherein an input end of the first controller 8 is communicatively connected to the output ends of the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 7, and an output end of the first controller 8 is communicatively connected to the control end of the first compressor 4. In this arrangement, the first controller 8 automatically controls the output power of the first compressor 4 based on changes in the difference between the pressure values ​​at respective positions monitored by the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 7, replacing manual operation and being more efficient and convenient.

[0051] The first pressure gauge 6 transmits the measured first pressure value to the first controller 8 in real time, and the second pressure gauge 7 transmits the measured second pressure value to the first controller 8 in real time. The first controller 8 receives the first and second pressure values ​​and calculates the pressure difference between the two. If the pressure difference is greater than a set upper limit, the first controller 8 outputs a first signal to the first compressor 4, automatically reducing the output power of the first compressor 4 to reduce the amount of hydrogen compressed, thereby increasing the gas holdup in the second accommodating chamber 104. If the pressure difference is less than a set lower limit, the first controller 8 outputs a second signal to the first compressor 4, automatically increasing the output power of the first compressor 4 to increase the amount of hydrogen compressed, thereby reducing the gas holdup in the second accommodating chamber 104. The control logic of the first controller 8 automatically adjusting the output power of the first compressor 4 based on changes in the pressure values ​​monitored by the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 7 can be implemented using existing mature algorithms, and its specific working principle will not be repeated here.

[0052] Optionally, the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to the first feed inlet 101. This configuration allows the coal slurry separated by the first gas-liquid separator 3 to be transported back to the first liquefaction reactor 1 for further liquefaction, thus achieving recycling of the coal slurry and avoiding waste.

[0053] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes a first nozzle assembly 9, which is disposed at the first feed inlet 101. This arrangement enables the first nozzle assembly 9 to provide a greater impact force on the hydrogen and coal slurry entering the first receiving chamber 103 through the first feed inlet 101, thereby enabling the coal slurry in the first receiving chamber 103 to be more fully mixed with the hydrogen and initiate a coal liquefaction reaction.

[0054] In this embodiment, the liquid ejected from the first nozzle assembly 9 has a velocity of more than 10 m / s. Depending on the actual application, the first nozzle assembly 9 can be composed of any structure as long as it can make the hydrogen and coal slurry flowing through it have a faster flow rate and greater impact force.

[0055] Optionally, the first nozzle assembly 9 includes an injection body 901 and a nozzle 902. The injection body 901 is provided with an injection cavity, and is provided with a gas inlet 903 and an injection outlet 904 communicating with the injection cavity. The gas inlet 903 is communicated with the exhaust port of the first compressor 4, and the injection outlet 904 is communicated with the first feed port 101. The nozzle 902 passes through the injection body 901 and extends to the injection outlet 904.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen pressurized by the first compressor 4 is transported to the gas inlet 903 connected to the injection chamber, and the raw material mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry is transported to the nozzle 902 and injected into the first containing chamber 103 through the nozzle 902 and the injection outlet 904. Low pressure is generated near the high-speed jet ejected from the nozzle 902, so that the hydrogen entering the injection chamber through the gas inlet 903 is sucked into the injection outlet 904, and then enters the first containing chamber 103 to participate in the reaction.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, optionally, the first gas-liquid distributor 5 is configured as a jet-type gas-liquid distributor. The jet-type gas-liquid distributor has a relatively strong jet shear force, and can utilize the strong shear and strong turbulence brought by the high-speed fluid jet to form fine bubbles of hydrogen in the reactor, which is beneficial to enhancing mass transfer performance, reducing the apparent gas velocity and reaction pressure, and allowing the hydrogen to mix and contact more fully with the coal slurry in the second receiving chamber 104 to undergo a coal liquefaction reaction, thereby saving energy and reducing consumption.

[0058] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes a second liquefaction reactor 11 , a second distribution plate 12 , a second gas-liquid separator 13 and a second compressor 14 .

[0059] A accommodating chamber is provided in the second liquefaction reactor 11, and a second feed port 1101 and a second discharge port 1102 connected to the accommodating chamber are provided, and the second feed port 1101 is connected to the first discharge port 102; the second distribution plate 12 is provided in the accommodating chamber, dividing the accommodating chamber into an independent first accommodating chamber 1103 and a second accommodating chamber 1104, the second feed port 1101 is connected to the first accommodating chamber 1103, and the second discharge port 1102 is connected to the second accommodating chamber 1104, and a plurality of second gas-liquid distributors 15 are installed on the second distribution plate 12; the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the first accommodating chamber 1103 within a set height range from the second distribution plate 12 toward the second feed port 1101; the air inlet of the second compressor 14 is connected to the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 13, and the exhaust port of the second compressor 14 is connected to the second feed port 1101.

[0060] The liquefied product of the first liquefaction reactor 1 still contains some raw coal slurry that has not fully reacted. The above arrangement enables the liquefied product of the first liquefaction reactor 1 to undergo liquefaction reaction again in the second liquefaction reactor 11, so as to fully utilize the raw materials and ensure the quality of the final liquefied product.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the liquefied product of the first liquefaction reactor 1 is transported to the first accommodating chamber 1103 through the first discharge port 102, the intermediate pipeline and the second feed port 1101, and the hydrogen is transported to the first accommodating chamber 1103 through the hydrogen transmission pipeline 19 and the second feed port 1101, and enters the second accommodating chamber 1104 after being evenly distributed through the second distribution plate 12 and the second gas-liquid distributor 15 arranged thereon. The hydrogen and the coal slurry in the liquefied product undergo coal liquefaction reactions in the first accommodating chamber 1103 and the second accommodating chamber 1104 respectively, and the final liquefied product is discharged through the second discharge port 1102.

[0062] Within a set height range below the second distribution plate 12, hydrogen accumulates to form an air cushion layer, and the air cushion layer is connected by a pipeline, and part of the hydrogen and the mixture of liquefied products in the air cushion layer are drained to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 13 outside. After separation by the second gas-liquid separator 13, the hydrogen is transported to the second compressor 14. After being pressurized by the second compressor 14, it is re-transported to the first accommodating chamber 1103 through the second feed port 1101. In the first accommodating chamber 1103, the mixture therein is stirred again, and is fully mixed and contacted with the coal slurry and the coal liquefaction reaction is carried out again. A part of the hydrogen that is re-transported fully reacts with the coal slurry in the first accommodating chamber 1103, and a part continues to move upward through the second distribution plate 12 into the second accommodating chamber 1104 to react with the coal slurry in the second accommodating chamber 1104. In this way, the hydrogen accumulated under the second distribution plate 12 is drained, separated, and pressurized multiple times, and then re-delivered to the first accommodating chamber 1103, so that the coal slurry in the first accommodating chamber 1103 can be fully mixed with the hydrogen multiple times and undergo coal liquefaction reaction. After the hydrogen has fully reacted with the coal slurry in the first accommodating chamber 1103, the amount of hydrogen entering the second accommodating chamber 1104 is appropriately reduced.

[0063] Figure 3 The liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the second feed inlet 1101 through a pipeline, so that the liquid mixture separated by the second gas-liquid separator 13 is transported back to the second liquefaction reactor 11 to participate in the liquefaction reaction again.

[0064] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes a third pressure gauge 16, a fourth pressure gauge 17, and a second controller 18. The third pressure gauge 16 is used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber 1104 near the second discharge port 1102; the fourth pressure gauge 17 is used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber 1104 near the second distribution plate 12; the input end of the second controller 18 is communicatively connected to the output ends of the third pressure gauge 16 and the fourth pressure gauge 17, and the output end of the second controller 18 is communicatively connected to the control end of the second compressor 14. With this arrangement, the second controller 18 automatically controls the output power of the second compressor 14 according to the change in the difference between the pressure values ​​at the respective positions monitored by the third pressure gauge 16 and the fourth pressure gauge 17, and can adjust the distribution of hydrogen in the first accommodating chamber 1103 and the second accommodating chamber 1104. Automatic adjustment replaces manual operation, which is more efficient and convenient.

[0065] The control logic of the second controller 18 for automatically adjusting the output power of the second compressor 14 according to the changes in the pressure values ​​monitored by the third pressure gauge 16 and the fourth pressure gauge 17 is the same as the control logic of the first controller 8 for automatically adjusting the output power of the first compressor 4 according to the changes in the pressure values ​​monitored by the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 7, and will not be repeated here.

[0066] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coal liquefaction reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the first feed inlet 101 is provided with the first nozzle assembly 9, and the first gas-liquid distributor 5 is configured as a jet-type gas-liquid distributor. Similarly, the second feed inlet 1101 is provided with the second nozzle assembly 10, and the second gas-liquid distributor 15 is configured as a jet-type gas-liquid distributor. The second nozzle assembly 10 has the same structural composition as the first nozzle assembly 9, and will not be described in detail here. By adopting a feed inlet and gas-liquid distributor with a jet structure, the strong shear and strong turbulence brought about by the high-speed jet of the fluid can be utilized to generate fine bubbles in the liquefaction reactor, which is beneficial to enhancing mass transfer performance, reducing the superficial gas velocity and reaction pressure, and saving energy and reducing consumption.

[0067] The present invention further provides a coal liquefaction reaction method, based on the coal liquefaction reaction device described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0068] S101: injecting a mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry into a first liquefaction reactor 1 to perform a coal liquefaction reaction in the first liquefaction reactor 1;

[0069] S102: Draining the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry from the first liquefaction reactor 1 within a set height range from the first distribution plate 2 toward the first feed inlet 101 to the first gas-liquid separator 3;

[0070] S103: The first gas-liquid separator 3 separates the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry into independent hydrogen and coal slurry, and transmits the hydrogen to the first compressor 4;

[0071] S104 : the first compressor 4 pressurizes the hydrogen delivered from the first gas-liquid separator 3 , and delivers the pressurized hydrogen back to the first liquefaction reactor 1 .

[0072] By adopting the coal liquefaction reaction method of the present invention, the coal slurry in the first containing chamber 103 can be fully mixed with the hydrogen drawn out from the air cushion layer and re-pressurized and transported back multiple times to undergo a coal liquefaction reaction, thereby meeting the demand for hydrogen in the coal slurry in the first containing chamber 103. The amount of hydrogen in the second containing chamber 104 is appropriately reduced, avoiding hydrogen waste, thereby improving the utilization rate of the liquefaction reactor and the hydrogen single-pass conversion rate.

[0073] Optionally, the coal liquefaction reaction device further includes a second liquefaction reactor 11, and the coal liquefaction reaction method further includes the following steps:

[0074] S105 : The liquefied product in the first liquefaction reactor 1 is discharged into the second liquefaction reactor 11 through the first discharge port 102 of the first liquefaction reactor 1 , and the coal liquefaction reaction is performed again in the second liquefaction reactor 11 .

[0075] The liquefied product of the first liquefaction reactor 1 still contains some raw coal slurry that has not fully reacted. The above steps enable the liquefied product of the first liquefaction reactor 1 to undergo liquefaction reaction again in the second liquefaction reactor 11, so as to fully utilize the raw materials and ensure the quality of the final liquefied product.

[0076] In this embodiment, the internal structure of the second liquefaction reactor 11 is identical to that of the first liquefaction reactor 1. Similar to the first liquefaction reactor 1, a second gas-liquid separator 13 is connected via a pipeline to the air cushion layer below the second distribution plate 12 in the second liquefaction reactor 11. The air inlet of the second compressor 14 is connected to the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 13, and the exhaust port of the second compressor 14 is connected to the second feed inlet 1101 of the second liquefaction reactor 11. The process of the coal liquefaction reaction in the second liquefaction reactor 11 is the same as that in the first liquefaction reactor 1 and will not be further described here.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal liquefaction reaction device, characterized in that: include: a first liquefaction reactor, wherein the first liquefaction reactor is provided with a containing cavity, and is provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge port communicating with the containing cavity; a first distribution plate, the first distribution plate being disposed in the accommodating chamber to separate the accommodating chamber into an independent first accommodating chamber and a second accommodating chamber, the first material inlet being connected to the first accommodating chamber, the first material outlet being connected to the second accommodating chamber, and a plurality of first gas-liquid distributors being installed on the first distribution plate; a first gas-liquid separator, wherein the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator is communicated with the first accommodating cavity within a set height range from the first distribution plate toward the first feed inlet, and the liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is communicated with the first feed inlet; a first compressor, wherein an air inlet of the first compressor is connected to an air outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and an exhaust port of the first compressor is connected to the first feed port; a first pressure gauge, the first pressure gauge being used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber near one end of the first discharge port; a second pressure gauge, the second pressure gauge being used to measure the pressure value in the second accommodating chamber close to one end of the first distribution plate; A first controller, wherein an input end of the first controller is communicatively connected to the output ends of the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge, and an output end of the first controller is communicatively connected to the control end of the first compressor.

2. The coal liquefaction reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A first nozzle assembly is provided at the first feed port.

3. The coal liquefaction reaction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first nozzle assembly comprises: an injection body, wherein an injection cavity is provided in the injection body, and a gas inlet and an injection outlet are provided in communication with the injection cavity, the gas inlet is in communication with the exhaust port of the first compressor, and the injection outlet is in communication with the first feed port; A nozzle penetrates the spray body and extends to the spray outlet.

4. The coal liquefaction reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first gas-liquid distributor is configured as a jet-type gas-liquid distributor.

5. The coal liquefaction reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: a second liquefaction reactor, wherein the second liquefaction reactor is provided with a containing cavity, and is provided with a second feed inlet and a second feed outlet communicating with the containing cavity, wherein the second feed inlet is connected with the first feed outlet; a second distribution plate, the second distribution plate being disposed in the accommodating chamber to separate the accommodating chamber into an independent first accommodating chamber and a second accommodating chamber, the second feed inlet being connected to the first accommodating chamber, the second feed outlet being connected to the second accommodating chamber, and a plurality of second gas-liquid distributors being installed on the second distribution plate; a second gas-liquid separator, wherein the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator is in communication with the first accommodating cavity within a set height range from the second distribution plate toward the second feed inlet; A second compressor, wherein the air inlet of the second compressor is connected to the air outlet of the second gas-liquid separator, and the exhaust port of the second compressor is connected to the second feed port.

6. The coal liquefaction reaction device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: a third pressure gauge, configured to measure a pressure value in the second accommodating chamber near one end of the second discharge port; a fourth pressure gauge, configured to measure a pressure value in the second accommodating chamber close to one end of the second distribution plate; A second controller, wherein the input end of the second controller is communicatively connected to the output ends of the third pressure gauge and the fourth pressure gauge, and the output end of the second controller is communicatively connected to the control end of the second compressor.

7. A coal liquefaction reaction method, characterized in that: The coal liquefaction reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: injecting a mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry into a first liquefaction reactor to carry out a coal liquefaction reaction in the first liquefaction reactor; draining the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry from a set height range in the first liquefaction reactor from the first distribution plate toward the first feed inlet to the first gas-liquid separator; The first gas-liquid separator separates the mixture of hydrogen and coal slurry into independent hydrogen and coal slurry, and delivers the hydrogen to the first compressor; The first compressor pressurizes the hydrogen delivered from the first gas-liquid separator and re-delivers the pressurized hydrogen to the first liquefaction reactor.

8. The coal liquefaction reaction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The coal liquefaction reaction device also includes a second liquefaction reactor, and the coal liquefaction reaction method also includes the following steps: The liquefied product in the first liquefaction reactor is discharged into the second liquefaction reactor through the first discharge port of the first liquefaction reactor, and the coal liquefaction reaction is performed again in the second liquefaction reactor.

Images