Fertilizer applicator and intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fertilizer spreader and an intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution. The fertilizer spreader includes multiple fertilizer boxes and a fertilizer delivery pipe; a first fertilizer delivery mechanism is installed on the lower side of each fertilizer box; a mixing box is also included, and a second fertilizer delivery mechanism is installed below each fertilizer box; all the first fertilizer delivery mechanisms discharge fertilizer into the mixing box, which is equipped with a mixing mechanism; all the first fertilizer delivery mechanisms are driven by a first fertilizer delivery shaft; a third fertilizer delivery mechanism is installed at the lower end of the mixing box, and the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the third fertilizer delivery mechanism; both the third fertilizer delivery mechanism and the first fertilizer delivery shaft can be actively operated; each second fertilizer delivery mechanism is driven by an independent second motor, and the second fertilizer delivery mechanism is connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe. The present invention can fully mix the fertilizers when multiple fertilizers are applied simultaneously, and ensure the fertilizer delivery accuracy of the fertilizers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of land fertilization, and in particular to a fertilizer applicator and an intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution. Background Art

[0002] Currently, precise fertilization of plots based on prescription maps is a relatively common technology. It can ensure fertilizer efficiency while preventing over-fertilization and soil contamination. In the prior art, patent CN113330882B discloses a typical variable fertilization method based on prescription maps. Its main controller can output a control signal to control the execution module based on the speed, position, and soil fertility of the rapeseed variable fertilization device at the prescription map to achieve variable fertilization. This fertilization method is generally only suitable for fertilizing a single fertilizer. When multiple fertilizers are applied together, although independent control can be achieved by setting up multiple fertilization devices, the overlapping of various fertilizers will affect the fertilizer efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a fertilizer spreader that can fully mix fertilizers when applying multiple fertilizers at the same time and ensure the fertilizer discharge accuracy, as well as an intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution.

[0004] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fertilizer spreader of the present invention includes a plurality of fertilizer boxes and a fertilizer delivery pipe; a first fertilizer discharge mechanism is installed on the lower side of each fertilizer box; and a mixing box is also included, and a second fertilizer discharge mechanism is installed under each fertilizer box; all the first fertilizer discharge mechanisms discharge fertilizer into the mixing box, and a mixing mechanism is installed in the mixing box; all the first fertilizer discharge mechanisms are driven to operate by a first fertilizer discharge shaft; a third fertilizer discharge mechanism is installed at the lower end of the mixing box, and the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the third fertilizer discharge mechanism; both the third fertilizer discharge mechanism and the first fertilizer delivery shaft can operate actively; each of the second fertilizer discharge mechanisms is driven to operate by an independent second motor, and the second fertilizer discharge mechanism is connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe.

[0005] Furthermore, the third fertilizer discharge mechanism is driven by a second fertilizer discharge shaft, which is connected to the output shaft of the first motor; a first synchronization mechanism is connected between the first and second fertilizer discharge shafts. With this structure, the operation of the first motor discharges fertilizer from the mixing box while simultaneously drawing the same amount of fertilizer from each fertilizer box to replenish the mixing box, thereby maintaining a constant amount of fertilizer in the mixing box. Both the first and second motors are connected to a controller.

[0006] In the above structure, different fertilizer boxes are filled with different fertilizers, and different fertilizers correspond to different target elements. For example, in this solution, there are three fertilizer boxes, and the three fertilizer boxes are respectively filled with potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer. The fertilizer discharge amount of the above-mentioned first fertilizer discharge mechanism can be adjusted as needed so that the different fertilizers in all fertilizer boxes enter the mixing box in a fixed proportion. The mixing mechanism in the mixing box stirs and mixes the various fertilizers entering the mixing box in proportion. The third fertilizer discharge mechanism can discharge the mixed fertilizer. The fertilizer ratio discharged by the third fertilizer discharge mechanism is an optimal ratio, which can meet the fertilization requirements of most areas. During the fertilization process, the third fertilizer discharge mechanism discharges most of the fertilizer at each fertilization position, and the second motor discharges fertilizer as needed to supplement it so that the fertilizer finally discharged to the fertilization position meets the fertilization amount requirements of each target element.

[0007] Furthermore, a second synchronization mechanism is provided between the driving shaft of the mixing mechanism and the second fertilizer row shaft.

[0008] An intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution, based on the above-mentioned fertilizer applicator, comprising:

[0009] Obtaining soil fertility data at the current location; the fertility data is obtained from the prescription map and queried based on the location data of the fertilizer applicator;

[0010] Calculate fertilizer application amount data according to the fertility conditions;

[0011] Controlling the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge fertilizer as needed according to the fertilizer application amount data;

[0012] The calculation of the fertilizer application amount data according to the fertility condition includes:

[0013] Calculating fertilizer application amount data corresponding to each element according to the content of each element in the fertility data and the target content of each element;

[0014] The controlling of the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge fertilizer on demand according to the fertilizer application amount data comprises:

[0015] Calculating a target speed of the first fertilizer discharge shaft and a target speed of each of the second motors according to the fertilizer application amount data; wherein the target speed corresponding to the second motor may be 0;

[0016] Control the first fertilizer row shaft and the second motor to operate according to the corresponding target speed.

[0017] Furthermore, the target speed of the first fertilizer discharge shaft and the target speed of each of the second motors are calculated according to the fertilizer application amount data, including:

[0018] determining a reference fertilizer based on the sub-item data of various fertilizers in the fertilizer application amount data; when the sub-item data corresponding to the reference fertilizer is used as a basis for controlling the rotation of the first fertilizer discharging shaft, the other fertilizers discharged by the third fertilizer discharging mechanism do not exceed the corresponding sub-item data;

[0019] Calculating a first target rotational speed of the first fertilizer row shaft according to the itemized data of the reference fertilizer;

[0020] determining whether a deviation rate of a predicted discharge amount of other fertilizers discharged by the third fertilizer discharging mechanism compared to the corresponding sub-item data exceeds a preset percentage (e.g., 10%) when the first fertilizer discharging shaft rotates at the first target speed; if so, proceeding to the next step;

[0021] For fertilizers whose deviation exceeds a preset percentage, the target speed of the corresponding second motor is calculated based on the difference between the predicted discharge amount and the corresponding sub-item data.

[0022] Furthermore, before obtaining the soil fertility data at the current location, the method further includes:

[0023] Obtain a prescription map of the fertilization area;

[0024] The proportions of various fertilizers are determined according to the prescription data corresponding to each fertilization position in the prescription map.

[0025] In this step, the proportion of elements required for each fertilization location can be calculated, and the optimal ratio can be determined using the data fitting method so that the ratio can meet the fertilization requirements of as many fertilization locations as possible. The user can adjust the single-circle fertilizer discharge amount of the first fertilizer discharge mechanism corresponding to each fertilizer box according to the obtained ratio.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The fertilizer spreader and the intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The mixing uniformity of each fertilizer and the accuracy of the discharged fertilizer can be guaranteed.

[0028] (2) The predicted discharge amount can be calculated based on the third fertilizer discharge mechanism first, so that when one fertilizer meets the fertilizer discharge requirements, it is judged whether the corresponding predicted discharge amounts of other fertilizers meet the requirements. If they do not meet the requirements, the corresponding second fertilizer discharge mechanism is operated by the second motor to supplement fertilizer, so as to facilitate control and meet the fertilizer discharge accuracy requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is the structural diagram of the fertilizer spreader;

[0030] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a fertilizer spreader.

[0031] In the figure: 1-fertilizer box; 11-first fertilizer discharge mechanism; 12-second fertilizer discharge mechanism; 2-mixing box; 21-mixing mechanism; 22-third fertilizer discharge mechanism; 23-second fertilizer discharge shaft; 24-first synchronization mechanism; 25-second synchronization mechanism; 3-first fertilizer discharge shaft; 4-first motor; 5-second motor; 6-fertilizer discharge pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figure 1-2 The fertilizer spreader includes multiple fertilizer boxes 1 and fertilizer delivery pipes 6; a first fertilizer discharge mechanism 11 is installed on the lower side of each fertilizer box 1; it also includes a mixing box 2, and a second fertilizer discharge mechanism 12 is installed under each fertilizer box 1; all of the first fertilizer discharge mechanisms 11 discharge fertilizer into the mixing box 2, and a mixing mechanism 21 is installed in the mixing box 2; all of the first fertilizer discharge mechanisms 11 are driven to operate by a first fertilizer discharge shaft 3; a third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 is installed at the lower end of the mixing box 2, and the fertilizer delivery pipe 6 is connected to the third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22; both the third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 and the first fertilizer delivery shaft 3 can operate actively; each of the second fertilizer discharge mechanisms 12 is driven to operate by an independent second motor 5, and the second fertilizer discharge mechanism 12 is connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe 6.

[0034] The third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 is driven by a second fertilizer discharge shaft 23, which is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 4. A first synchronization mechanism 24 is connected between the first and second fertilizer discharge shafts 3 and 23. With this structure, the operation of the first motor 4 discharges fertilizer from the mixing box 2 while simultaneously drawing the same amount of fertilizer from each fertilizer box 1 and replenishing it in the mixing box 2, thereby maintaining the same amount of fertilizer in the mixing box 2. Both the first motor 4 and the second motor 5 are connected to a controller.

[0035] In the above structure, different fertilizer boxes 1 are filled with different fertilizers, and different fertilizers correspond to different target elements. For example, in this embodiment, there are three fertilizer boxes 1, and the three fertilizer boxes 1 are respectively filled with potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer. The fertilizer discharge amount of the above-mentioned first fertilizer discharge mechanism 11 can be adjusted as needed so that the different fertilizers in all fertilizer boxes 1 enter the mixing box 2 in a fixed proportion. The mixing mechanism 21 in the mixing box 2 stirs and mixes the various fertilizers entering the mixing box 2 in proportion. The third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 can discharge the mixed fertilizer when it is operated. The fertilizer ratio discharged by the third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 is an optimal ratio, which can meet the fertilization requirements of most areas. During the fertilization process, the third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 discharges most of the fertilizer at each fertilization position, and the second motor 5 discharges fertilizer as needed to supplement it so that the fertilizer finally discharged to the fertilization position meets the fertilization amount requirements of each target element.

[0036] The above-mentioned fertilization method is used for fertilization, which can ensure the mixing uniformity of the fertilizers and the accuracy of the discharged fertilizers.

[0037] Preferably, a second synchronization mechanism 25 is provided between the driving shaft of the mixing mechanism 21 and the second fertilizer row shaft 23 .

[0038] Based on the above-mentioned fertilizer spreader, the present invention further provides an intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution, which includes the following steps S101-S103:

[0039] Step S101, obtaining soil fertility data at the current location; the fertility data is obtained from a prescription map and queried based on the location data of the fertilizer applicator;

[0040] Step S102, calculating fertilizer application amount data according to the fertility conditions;

[0041] Step S103, controlling the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge fertilizer on demand according to the fertilizer application amount data;

[0042] In the above step S102, the calculation of the fertilizer amount data according to the fertility condition includes:

[0043] Calculating fertilizer application amount data corresponding to each element according to the content of each element in the fertility data and the target content of each element;

[0044] In the above step S103, controlling the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge fertilizer on demand according to the fertilizer application amount data includes the following steps S201-S202:

[0045] Step S201, calculating the target speed of the first fertilizer discharging shaft 3 and the target speed of each of the second motors 5 according to the fertilizer application amount data; wherein the target speed corresponding to the second motor 5 may be 0;

[0046] Step S202: Control the first fertilizer row shaft 3 and the second motor 5 to operate according to the corresponding target speed.

[0047] Preferably, in the above step S201, the target speed of the first fertilizer discharging shaft 3 and the target speed of each of the second motors 5 are calculated according to the fertilizer application amount data, including the following steps S301-S304:

[0048] Step S301, determining a reference fertilizer based on the sub-item data of various fertilizers in the fertilizer application amount data; when the sub-item data corresponding to the reference fertilizer is used as a basis for controlling the rotation of the first fertilizer discharging shaft 3, the other fertilizers discharged by the third fertilizer discharging mechanism 22 do not exceed the corresponding sub-item data;

[0049] Step S302, calculating a first target rotation speed of the first fertilizer row shaft 3 according to the itemized data of the reference fertilizer;

[0050] Step S303, determining whether the deviation rate of the predicted discharge amount of other fertilizers discharged by the third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 compared to the corresponding sub-item data exceeds a preset percentage (e.g., 10%) when the first fertilizer discharge shaft 3 rotates at the first target speed. If so, proceeding to the next step;

[0051] Step S304 : For the fertilizer whose deviation exceeds a preset percentage, the target rotation speed of the corresponding second motor 5 is calculated according to the difference between the predicted discharge amount and the corresponding sub-item data.

[0052] By adopting the above method, the predicted discharge amount can be calculated based on the third fertilizer discharge mechanism 22 first, so that when one fertilizer meets the fertilizer discharge requirements, it is judged whether the predicted discharge amounts corresponding to other fertilizers meet the requirements. If they do not meet the requirements, the corresponding second fertilizer discharge mechanism 12 is operated by the second motor 5 to supplement fertilizer, so as to facilitate control and meet the fertilizer discharge accuracy requirements.

[0053] Preferably, before obtaining the soil fertility data of the current location in step S101, the following steps S401-S402 are also included:

[0054] Step S401, obtaining a prescription map of the fertilization area;

[0055] Step S402: determining the proportions of various fertilizers according to the prescription data corresponding to each fertilization position in the prescription map.

[0056] In this step, the proportion of elements required for each fertilization position can be calculated, and the optimal ratio can be determined using the data fitting method so that the ratio can meet the fertilization requirements of as many fertilization positions as possible. The user can adjust the single-circle fertilizer discharge amount of the first fertilizer discharge mechanism 11 corresponding to each fertilizer box 1 according to the obtained ratio.

[0057] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution, which is implemented based on a fertilizer spreader; The fertilizer spreader comprises a plurality of fertilizer boxes (1) and a fertilizer delivery pipe (6); a first fertilizer delivery mechanism (11) is installed on the lower side of each fertilizer box (1); and a mixing box (2) is also included, and a second fertilizer delivery mechanism (12) is installed below each fertilizer box (1); all the first fertilizer delivery mechanisms (11) deliver fertilizer into the mixing box (2), and a mixing mechanism (21) is installed in the mixing box (2); all the first fertilizer delivery mechanisms (11) are driven to operate by a first fertilizer delivery shaft (3); a third fertilizer delivery mechanism (22) is installed at the lower end of the mixing box (2), and the fertilizer delivery pipe (6) is connected to the third fertilizer delivery mechanism (22); both the third fertilizer delivery mechanism (22) and the first fertilizer delivery shaft (3) can be actively operated; each second fertilizer delivery mechanism (12) is driven to operate by an independent second motor (5), and the second fertilizer delivery mechanism (12) is connected to the fertilizer delivery pipe (6); The method comprises: Get the fertility data of the soil at the current location; Calculating fertilizer application amount data according to the fertility data; Controlling the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge fertilizer as needed according to the fertilizer application amount data; It is characterized in that: the calculation of fertilizer application amount data based on the fertility data includes: Calculating fertilizer application amount data corresponding to each element according to the content of each element in the fertility data and the target content of each element; The controlling of the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge fertilizer on demand according to the fertilizer application amount data comprises: Calculating the target rotation speed of the first fertilizer discharge shaft (3) and the target rotation speed of each of the second motors (5) based on the fertilizer application amount data; Controlling the first fertilizer discharge shaft (3) and the second motor (5) to operate at the corresponding target speed; The target speed of the first fertilizer discharging shaft (3) and the target speed of each of the second motors (5) are calculated based on the fertilizer application amount data, including: Determine a reference fertilizer based on the sub-item data of various fertilizers in the fertilizer application amount data; when the sub-item data corresponding to the reference fertilizer is used as a reference for controlling the rotation of the first fertilizer discharge shaft (3), the other fertilizers discharged by the third fertilizer discharge mechanism (22) do not exceed the corresponding sub-item data; Calculating a first target rotation speed of the first fertilizer row shaft (3) according to the itemized data of the reference fertilizer; Determining whether the deviation rate of the predicted discharge amount of other fertilizers discharged by the third fertilizer discharge mechanism (22) compared to the corresponding sub-item data exceeds a preset percentage when the first fertilizer discharge shaft (3) rotates at the first target speed, and if so, proceeding to the next step; For fertilizers with a deviation exceeding a preset percentage, a target rotation speed of the corresponding second motor (5) is calculated based on the difference between the predicted discharge amount and the corresponding sub-item data.

2. The intelligent fertilization method based on soil fertility distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before obtaining the soil fertility data at the current location, the method further includes: Obtain a prescription map of the fertilization area; The proportions of various fertilizers are determined according to the prescription data corresponding to each fertilization position in the prescription map.

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