A method for efficiently managing water and fertilizer for cruciferous vegetables

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for efficiently managing water and fertilizer for cruciferous vegetables, which adopts a fertilization method combining root drip application and foliar spraying, and according to the principle of applying heavy phosphate fertilizer in the early growth stage of cruciferous vegetables, heavy nitrogen fertilizer in the middle stage, and heavy potassium fertilizer in the late stage, the amount of fertilizer applied is small at both ends and large in the middle, and water-soluble fertilizers containing large and medium trace elements, organic fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids, and water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid are rationally applied, and distributed as needed. The present invention changes the traditional habit of large-scale water and fertilizer management, insists on a small amount and multiple times, timely and appropriate water and fertilizer distribution as needed during the growth period of vegetables, gives full play to the advantages of water and fertilizer integration technology, achieves the purpose of combining planting and breeding, and multiple improvements and reductions, that is, improves yield and quality, improves water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, improves the quality level of cultivated land, reduces input costs, reduces fertilizer leaching loss rate, reduces non-point source pollution, etc., realizes the dual purpose of simplified agricultural cultivation technology and energy conservation and emission reduction, saves labor, saves money, and improves the quality of cultivated land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-efficiency water and fertilizer management method for cruciferous vegetables. Background Art

[0002] Most areas of Lanzhou are located at a high altitude, with cool springs and autumns and warm summers. The large temperature swings and strong sunlight make them ideal for growing high-altitude summer vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables such as baby cabbage, red bamboo shoots, cabbage, and cauliflower. These vegetables are high-quality, delicious, and enjoy strong sales. Leveraging its natural endowment and locational advantages, Lanzhou's high-altitude summer vegetables have become a major support and stable growth driver for the city's agricultural and rural economy in recent years. However, due to a lack of scientific cultivation methods, farmers have been recklessly overusing water, fertilizer, and pesticides during production, coupled with extensive management practices. This has led to unstable vegetable yields and quality, low water and fertilizer resource utilization, declining groundwater levels, and persistently severe non-point source pollution.

[0003] At present, a common problem faced by local vegetable growers is that although they have installed integrated water-fertilizer equipment, due to the lack of relevant professional knowledge and technology, they still use traditional fertilizer types, water and fertilizer application amounts and frequencies, which causes pipeline blockage and excessive and unbalanced water and fertilizer application per unit area. In addition, the types of fertilizers are too single, with a focus on applying large amounts of macronutrient fertilizers and a light focus on applying medium and trace elements and biological functional fertilizers, resulting in a decrease in vegetable yield and deterioration in quality, and also causing excessive production costs.

[0004] Promoting integrated water-fertilizer technology, increasing the application of organic fertilizers, using water-soluble fertilizers, and applying appropriate amounts of compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids, water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid, and medium and trace element fertilizers, can achieve the goals of saving water and reducing weight, improving quality and increasing efficiency. At the same time, it can improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, effectively improve the quality of cultivated land, effectively promote the healthy development of the plateau summer vegetable industry, and achieve a virtuous cycle of agricultural production and ecology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables, which is suitable for the cultivation of plateau summer vegetables, especially cruciferous vegetables.

[0006] The invention provides a method for efficiently managing water and fertilizer for cruciferous vegetables. The method comprises: adopting a fertilizing method combining root drip fertilization and foliar spraying, applying heavy phosphate fertilizer in the early growth stage of cruciferous vegetables, heavy nitrogen fertilizer in the middle growth stage, and heavy potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage, with the amount of fertilizer being small at both ends and large in the middle, and reasonably allocating large, medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizers, organic fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers and humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers, and distributing them on demand.

[0007] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Base fertilizer: every 667m 2, apply 550-800kg of organic fertilizer or 4000-6000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, and 35-45kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer;

[0009] (2) Topdressing:

[0010] 1) Seedling stage: every 667m 2 , drip application of 0.8-1.2kg urea + 1.5-2.5kg high-phosphorus macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer;

[0011] 2) Rosette period: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 1.5-2.5kg urea + 4-6kg high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and at the same time drip-fertilize 7-9kg calcium ammonium nitrate, or spray 8-10g high-calcium fertilizer on the leaves, or spray 13-17g medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves;

[0012] 3) Initial stage of core wrapping: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 1.5-2.5kg urea + 4-6kg high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and at the same time drip-fertilize 8-12kg calcium ammonium nitrate, or spray 8-10g of high-calcium fertilizer on the leaves, or spray 13-17g of medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves;

[0013] 4) Heart stage: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 3-5kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and at the same time drip-fertilize 6-8kg of calcium ammonium nitrate, or spray 8-10g of high-calcium fertilizer on the leaves, or spray 9-11g of medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves;

[0014] 5) Late stage of core filling: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 2.5-3.5kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer;

[0015] 6) 20 days before harvest: every 667m 2 , drip apply 0.8-1.2kg of high-potassium macro-element water-soluble fertilizer or 0.8-1.2kg of fully water-soluble agricultural potassium sulfate.

[0016] Preferably, the organic fertilizer has a nutrient content of N+P2O5+K2O≥4%; and / or

[0017] In the plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer, the nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10; and / or

[0018] The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer has an amino acid content of ≥100 g / L and a nutrient content of Fe+B+Zn of ≥20 g / L; and / or

[0019] The nutrient content of the high-nitrogen, macronutrient-rich water-soluble fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15; and / or

[0020] The nutrient content of the high-phosphorus macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10; and / or

[0021] The high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer has a nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30; and / or

[0022] The calcium ammonium nitrate has a nutrient content of N15.5%, CaO ≥ 25.5%, MgO ≥ 0.1%, and water-soluble calcium ≥ 18%; and / or

[0023] The nutrient content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements is Ca+Mg≥100g / L; and / or

[0024] In the compound microbial fertilizer, the microorganisms are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with an effective viable count of ≥ 500 million / g; the nutrient content is N+P2O5+K2O=8.0%, and the organic matter is ≥ 25%; and / or

[0025] The nutrient content of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 30 g / L or more of humic acid, 200 g / L of N+P2O5+K2O, and 17-0-3 of N-P2O5-K2O; and / or

[0026] The high calcium fertilizer is: high calcium fertilizer, Ca≥195g / L, Mg≥5g / L, B+Zn+Fe≥5g / L; and / or

[0027] The nutrient content of the fully water-soluble agricultural potassium sulfate is K2O≥52% and S≥17%.

[0028] As an advantage, the method further comprises: 10 days before harvest: every 667m 2 , spray 35 ml of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids on the leaves and dilute it 500 to 800 times with water.

[0029] As a preferred method, topdressing at the seedling stage should be done every 667m 2 , drip application of 4-6L of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or 4-6L of compound microbial fertilizer; and / or

[0030] During the rosette stage, topdressing should be done every 667m 2 , drip application of 4-6L of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid; and / or

[0031] In the early stage of heart filling, topdressing should be done every 667m 2 , drip application of 4-6L of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or 4-6L of compound microbial fertilizer; and / or

[0032] During the heart forming period, topdressing should be done every 667m 2 , drip apply 4 to 6L of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid.

[0033] As a preferred method, when applying fertilizer at the seedling stage, 3 days after drip application, apply fertilizer every 667m 2 Spray 10-12g / 667m2 of water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements on the leaves 2 , add 25kg of water.

[0034] As a preferred method, when applying fertilizer in the late stage of heart-wrapping, 3 days after drip application, apply fertilizer every 667m 2 Spray 9-11g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 6-8g of high calcium fertilizer on the leaves, dilute with 25kg of water; the nutrient content of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is: N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34.

[0035] As a preferred method, the method includes irrigation of 220-230m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0036] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 , apply 700-900kg of organic fertilizer or 4000-6000kg of decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and 38-42kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer;

[0038] (2) Topdressing:

[0039] 1) Seedling stage: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 0.8-1.2kg;

[0040] 2) Seedling stage: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 1.5-2.5kg;

[0041] 3) Initial stage of clustering: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 3.5-4.5kg + compound microbial fertilizer 4-6L;

[0042] 4) Clustering period: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg + high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg;

[0043] 5) Rosette period: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 5-7kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg;

[0044] 6) Initial stage of fleshy stem formation: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 5-7kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg + compound microbial fertilizer 4-6L;

[0045] 7) Fleshy stem formation period: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg;

[0046] 8) 20 days before harvest: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 1.5-2.5kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer;

[0047] Preferably, the organic fertilizer has a nutrient content of N+P2O5+K2O≥4%; and / or

[0048] The plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10); and / or

[0049] The high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) and / or

[0050] The high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30); and / or

[0051] In the compound microbial fertilizer, the microorganisms are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with an effective viable count of ≥ 500 million / g; the nutrient content is N+P2O5+K2O=8.0%, and the organic matter is ≥ 25%; and / or

[0052] The fruit and vegetable treasure is: a water-soluble fertilizer containing medium elements of calcium and magnesium, Ca+Mg≥100g / L.

[0053] Preferably, the cruciferous vegetables are baby cabbage or red bamboo shoots.

[0054] The present invention balances the proportions of fertilizers containing large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, balances the fertilization of water-soluble fertilizers containing large, medium, and trace elements, and rationally allocates a variety of new fertilizers such as organic fertilizers and biological functional fertilizers. It adopts optimized technical measures with root drip application as the main method and foliar spraying as a supplement. It changes the traditional production and management habits of large amounts of water and fertilizers, insists on distributing water and fertilizers in small amounts and multiple times as needed during the growth period of vegetables, gives full play to the advantages of integrated water and fertilizer technology, and achieves the purpose of combining planting and breeding, and increasing and reducing more, namely, increasing yield and quality, improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and improving the quality level of cultivated land; reducing input costs, reducing fertilizer leaching loss rate, reducing non-point source pollution, etc., achieving the dual goals of simplifying agricultural cultivation technology and energy conservation and emission reduction, while saving labor, work, and cost, and improving the quality of cultivated land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following examples are provided to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods. The test materials used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent company. The quantitative tests in the following examples were performed in triplicate, and the results were averaged. Unless otherwise specified, "%" in the present invention refers to percentage by weight.

[0056] In the present invention, the compound microbial fertilizer is as follows: the bacterial species are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, the effective viable bacteria count is ≥500 million / g; the nutrient content is N+P2O5+K2O=8.0%, and the organic matter is ≥25%.

[0057] Fruit and Vegetable Treasure is a water-soluble fertilizer containing medium elements of calcium and magnesium, Ca+Mg≥100g / L (produced by Tianji Group Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0058] Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer: amino acid ≥ 100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn ≥ 20g / L. Produced by Lanzhou Tianze Wuhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0059] Calcium ammonium nitrate is: N15.5%, CaO≥25.5%, MgO≥0.1%, water-soluble calcium≥18%.

[0060] High calcium fertilizer is: Gaoli calcium, Ca≥195g / L, Mg≥5g / L, B+Zn+Fe≥5g / L.

[0061] The water-soluble fertilizer of medium and trace elements is: Ca+Mg≥100g / L.

[0062] The steps of the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management method for cruciferous vegetables of the present invention are as follows:

[0063] 1. Fertilization method

[0064] 1.1 Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 550-800 kg of organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) or 4000-6000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure as base, and drip apply 35-45 kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10).

[0065] 1.2 Do not apply fertilizer or water for about 15 days after the seedlings emerge, which is called "squatting seedlings".

[0066] 1.3 After the seedlings are dormant, the first fertilization is done with drip irrigation, which is called "seedling-raising fertilizer". 2 Drip 4-6L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥ 100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn ≥ 20g / L) or 4-6L of compound microbial fertilizer. Try to control water and fertilizer during the seedling stage. If the growth is weak, add 100L of water every 667m. 2Add 0.8-1.2kg urea (N46%) and 1.5-2.5kg high-phosphorus (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer to promote rapid growth and healthy development of the root system.

[0067] Preferably, you can also spray the leaves with 10-12g / 667m2 of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements at around 10 am on a sunny day 3 days after drip application. 2 , add 25kg of clean water to prevent soft rot and "dry heart" at an early stage.

[0068] 1.4 The second topdressing is carried out during the rosette period. During this period, sufficient nitrogen fertilizer is needed to promote leaf differentiation and growth. 2 Drip application of 1.5-2.5kg urea (N46%) + 7-9kg calcium ammonium nitrate + 4-6kg high nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer + 4-6L humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3).

[0069] You can also choose not to drip calcium ammonium nitrate, but spray high calcium fertilizer 8-10g / 667m3 on the leaves about 3 days after drip application. 2 , add 25kg of clean water, or 13-17g / 667m2 of trace element fertilizer 2 , add 25kg of clean water to promote growth, improve quality, and prevent physiological diseases such as dry heart caused by calcium deficiency.

[0070] 1.5 The third topdressing is carried out at the early stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip application of 1.5-2.5kg urea (N46%) + 8-12kg calcium ammonium nitrate + 4-6kg high nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer + 4-6L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn≥20g / L) or 4-6L compound microbial fertilizer.

[0071] You can also choose not to drip calcium ammonium nitrate, but to spray high calcium fertilizer or medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves. The spraying amount and method are the same as those in the rosette period in step 1.4, and the effect is the same as above.

[0072] 1.6 The fourth topdressing is done during the head forming period. This is called "head forming fertilizer". More potassium fertilizer is needed to increase the yield and head compactness. 2Drip-fertilize 4-6L of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3), add 3-5kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer and 6-8kg of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0073] You can also choose not to drip calcium ammonium nitrate, but to spray high calcium fertilizer on the leaves 8-10g / 667m 2 , add 25kg of clean water, or 9-11g / 667m2 of medium and trace element fertilizer 2 , add 25kg of clean water, spraying dosage and method are the same as during the rosette period, and the effect is the same as above.

[0074] 1.7 The fifth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip-apply 2.5-3.5 kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0075] Preferably, you can also drip fertilize every 667m at around 10 am on a sunny day 3 days after 2 Spray 9-11g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34) plus 6-8g of high-calcium fertilizer, diluted with 25kg of clean water, to increase yield and core compactness, improve quality and marketability.

[0076] 1.8 Apply the last fertilizer about 20 days before harvest, which is the sixth topdressing. 2 Drip application of 0.8-1.2 kg high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer or 0.8-1.2 kg fully water-soluble agricultural potassium sulfate (K2O≥52%, S≥17%).

[0077] 1.9 Use 35ml / 667ml 10 days before harvest 2 (Add water to make the concentration between 500 and 800 times) Spraying water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids on the leaves provides the nutrients needed by vegetables, helps improve quality, such as taste, aroma, and color, and can also preserve water and nutrients, extending the storage period.

[0078] Prepare the fertilizer before each drip irrigation. Dilute the required fertilizer approximately 10-fold before drip application. To dilute the fertilizer, first add a sufficient amount of clean water to the drip irrigation tank. Then, add the required fertilizer in sequence while stirring. Once the fertilizer is completely dissolved and sufficient clean water is added, stir thoroughly before drip application. When drip irrigation is performed, drip the fertilizer for 15 minutes before starting. The dripping time is generally 30-60 minutes. After drip application, rinse the tubing and drip outlet with clean water for another 20 minutes to prevent clogging.

[0079] This invention utilizes integrated water-fertilizer technology to adjust the traditional basal and topdressing ratios. Specifically, while maintaining the same total fertilizer usage, the basal fertilizer ratio is reduced, the topdressing ratio is increased, the topdressing dosage is reduced, the drip application frequency is increased, and the amount of water and fertilizer per unit area is increased. This improves water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, improves vegetable quality, reduces input costs, and reduces fertilizer leaching and non-point source pollution. During the baby cabbage growing period, topdressing is applied 5-6 times. Less topdressing is applied during the seedling and late heart-forming stages, with the amount of fertilizer used accounting for approximately 15-20% of the total topdressing. The rosette and heart-forming stages are critical fertilizer-requirement periods, accounting for approximately 75-80% of the total amount of topdressing. Topdressing can be reduced or omitted 20 days before harvest. If topdressing is necessary, it is recommended to use potash fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus, and avoid using pure nitrogen fertilizers or compound fertilizers with a high nitrogen content. Throughout the growing period, water and fertilizer application should adhere to the principle of small, frequent applications, appropriate and timely as needed, with less at the ends and more in the middle. Amino acids and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers are drip-applied alternately, and amino acids are sprayed on the leaves during harvest.

[0080] 2 Drip irrigation method

[0081] Water the plants adequately after sowing. If the above-ground part of the plants wilts during the seedling period, water them appropriately. Avoid excessive seedling growth that may affect their development. Stop watering 10 days before harvest.

[0082] Example 1

[0083] The steps of the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management method for cruciferous vegetables of the present invention are as follows:

[0084] 1. Fertilization method

[0085] 1.1 Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 600 kg of base organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40 kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10).

[0086] 1.2 Do not apply fertilizer or water for about 15 days after the seedlings emerge, which is called "squatting seedlings".

[0087] 1.3 After the seedlings are dormant, the first fertilization is done with drip irrigation, which is called "seedling-raising fertilizer". 2 Drip 5L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥ 100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn ≥ 20g / L) and control water and fertilizer as much as possible during the seedling stage. If the growth is weak, apply 5L of water-soluble fertilizer every 667m 2 Add 1kg urea (N46%) and 2kg high-phosphorus (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer to promote rapid growth and strong development of the root system.

[0088] 1.4 The second topdressing is carried out during the rosette period. During this period, sufficient nitrogen fertilizer is needed to promote leaf differentiation and growth. 2Drip application of 2kg urea (N46%) + 8kg calcium ammonium nitrate + 5kg high nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer + 5L humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3).

[0089] 1.5 The third topdressing is carried out at the early stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip application of 2kg urea (N46%) + 10kg calcium ammonium nitrate + 5kg high nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer + 5L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn≥20g / L).

[0090] 1.6 The fourth topdressing is done during the head forming period. This is called "head forming fertilizer". More potassium fertilizer is needed to increase the yield and head compactness. 2 Drip-fertilize 5L of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3), add 4kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer and 7kg of calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0091] 1.7 The fifth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip-apply 3kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0092] 1.8 Apply the last fertilizer about 20 days before harvest, which is the sixth topdressing. 2 Drip-apply 1kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0093] 1.9 Use 35ml / 667ml 10 days before harvest 2 Add 25kg of water (concentration between 500 and 800 times) of water and spray the leaves with water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids to provide the nutrients needed by vegetables, which helps to improve quality, such as taste, aroma, and color. It can also preserve water and nutrients and extend the storage period.

[0094] 2 Drip irrigation method

[0095] Water the plants adequately after sowing. If the above-ground part of the plants wilts during the seedling period, water them appropriately. Avoid excessive seedling growth that may affect their development. Stop watering 10 days before harvest.

[0096] Before the baby cabbage grows to the rosette stage, its root system is generally within 20 cm, and the soil is compacted (the average bulk density of the soil at a depth of 0 to 40 cm is ≥ 1.35 g / cm 3 ) Each irrigation should be controlled within 3 to 5 m 3 / 667m 2 Within, loose soil (0-40cm soil depth average bulk density ≤1.35g / cm 3 ) in 2~4m 3 / 667m 2 Before the rosette stage, the whole plant of baby cabbage is young and has a small demand for water and fertilizer. Watering should be done when the soil is dry and when the soil is wet. Water should not be too much. Keep the ridge surface dry and the root system not short of water. Summer and autumn are the peak growth periods of baby cabbage. The root system of the plant can reach more than 30cm and the water demand is large. The irrigation time can be slightly longer, generally 6 to 8 meters. 3 / 667m 2 . If the drought lasts for a long time, water once or twice a day if necessary, and choose to do it before 9 am or after sunset in the evening. After irrigation, the moist front is always maintained at 0-40 cm in the root zone of the crop. Irrigate evenly and sufficiently, without drought or waterlogging, to avoid deep leakage of water and fertilizer, keep the soil water supply moderate, and keep the plants growing neatly and healthily. Irrigation depends on weather conditions. If there is a lot of rainfall during the growth period, the amount of water and the frequency of irrigation should be reduced a little. Under normal circumstances, the total irrigation volume is maintained at 220~230m 3 / 667m 2 , which can not only meet the growth needs of baby cabbage but also save water and money.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] The steps of the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management method for cruciferous vegetables of the present invention are as follows:

[0099] 1. Fertilization method

[0100] 1.1 Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 800 kg of base organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40 kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10).

[0101] 1.2 Topdressing (drip application): 8 times during the whole growth period

[0102] 1.2.1 Seedling stage, every 667m 2 , high nitrogen type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) 1kg.

[0103] 1.2.2 Seedling stage, every 667m 2 , 2kg of high-nitrogen macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15).

[0104] 1.2.3 In the early stage of clustering, every 667m 2 , high nitrogen type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) 4kg + compound microbial fertilizer 5L.

[0105] 1.2.4 Clustering period, every 667m 2 , high nitrogen type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) 3kg + high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 3kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 5kg.

[0106] 1.2.5 Rosette period, every 667m 2 , high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 6kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 5kg.

[0107] 1.2.6 In the early stage of fleshy stem formation, every 667m 2 , high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 6kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 5kg + compound microbial fertilizer 5L.

[0108] 1.2.7 Fleshy stem formation period, every 667m 2 , high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 3kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 5kg.

[0109] 1.2.8 20 days before harvest, every 667m 2 , high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 2kg.

[0110] 2 Drip irrigation method

[0111] The drip irrigation method is the same as that in Example 1. The irrigation volume during the whole growth period is 320m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0112] Example 3

[0113] The steps of the present invention for an efficient water and fertilizer management method for cruciferous vegetables, especially baby cabbage, are as follows:

[0114] 1. Fertilization method

[0115] 1.1 Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 The base application was 4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 40 kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10).

[0116] 1.2 Do not apply fertilizer or water for about 15 days after the seedlings emerge, which is called "squatting seedlings".

[0117] 1.3 After the seedlings are dormant, the first fertilization is done with drip irrigation, which is called "seedling-raising fertilizer". 2 Drip 5L compound microbial fertilizer. Try to control water and fertilizer during the seedling stage. If the growth is weak, apply 5L compound microbial fertilizer every 667m. 2 Add 1kg urea (N46%) and 2kg high phosphorus (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer to promote rapid root growth and strong development. At around 10 am on a sunny day 3 days after drip application, spray 12g / 667m2 of micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves. 2 , add 25kg of clean water to prevent soft rot and "dry heart" at an early stage.

[0118] 1.4 The second topdressing is carried out during the rosette period. During this period, sufficient nitrogen fertilizer is needed to promote leaf differentiation and growth. 2 Drip 2kg urea (N46%) + 5kg high nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 5L humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3), spray high calcium fertilizer 10g / 667m3 on the leaves 3 days after drip fertilization 2 , add 25kg of clean water to promote growth, improve quality, and prevent physiological diseases such as dry heart caused by calcium deficiency.

[0119] 1.5 The third topdressing is carried out at the early stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Apply a drip application of 2kg urea (46% N) + 5kg high-nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O = 22-15-15) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 5L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acids ≥ 100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn ≥ 20g / L) or 5L compound microbial fertilizer. Simultaneously, apply a foliar spray of high-calcium fertilizer, using the same rate and method as in step 1.4 for the rosette stage, with the same effects.

[0120] 1.6 The fourth topdressing is done during the head forming period. This is called "head forming fertilizer". More potassium fertilizer is needed to increase the yield and head compactness. 2 Drip 5L of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥ 30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O = 17-0-3), add 4kg of high potassium type (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-30) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and at the same time, spray high calcium fertilizer 9g / 667m 2 , add 25kg of clean water, spraying dosage and method are the same as during the rosette period, and the effect is the same as above.

[0121] 1.7 The fifth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip 3kg high potassium type (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer. At the same time, drip fertilize every 667m3 at around 10 am on a sunny day 3 days later. 2 Spray 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34) plus 8g of high-calcium fertilizer, diluted with 25kg of water, to increase yield and core firmness, improve quality and marketability.

[0122] 1.8 Apply the last fertilizer about 20 days before harvest, which is the sixth topdressing. 2 Drip application of 1 kg of fully water-soluble agricultural potassium sulfate (K2O ≥ 52%, S ≥ 17%).

[0123] 1.9 Use 35ml / 667ml 10 days before harvest 2 (Add water to make the concentration 800 times) Spraying the leaves with water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids can provide the nutrients needed by vegetables, help improve quality, such as taste, aroma, and color, and can also preserve water and nutrients, extending the storage period.

[0124] 2 Drip irrigation method

[0125] The drip irrigation method is the same as that in Example 1. The irrigation volume during the whole growth period is 220m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0126] Example 4

[0127] The steps of the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management method for cruciferous vegetables of the present invention are as follows:

[0128] 1. Fertilization method

[0129] 1.1 Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 600 kg of base organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40 kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10).

[0130] 1.2 Do not apply fertilizer or water for about 15 days after the seedlings emerge, which is called "squatting seedlings".

[0131] 1.3 After the seedlings are dormant, the first fertilization is done with drip irrigation, which is called "seedling-raising fertilizer". 2 Drip 5L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. Try to control water and fertilizer during the seedling stage. If the above-ground part of the plant shows a wilting trend or weak growth, drip irrigate with a small amount of water every 667m. 2Apply 1kg urea (N46%) and 2kg high phosphorus (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer by dripping to ensure normal seedling development and promote a strong and developed root system. Spray 10g / 667m2 of medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at around 10 am on a sunny day 3 days after dripping. 2 , add 25kg of clean water to prevent soft rot and "dry heart" at an early stage.

[0132] 1.4 The second topdressing is carried out during the rosette stage. Sufficient nitrogen fertilizer is needed at this stage to promote leaf differentiation and growth. 2 Drip 2kg urea (N46%) + 5kg high nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 5L humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3), spray the leaves with 15g / 667m of medium and trace element fertilizer about 3 days after drip fertilization. 2 , add 25kg of clean water to promote growth, improve quality, and prevent physiological diseases such as dry heart caused by calcium deficiency.

[0133] 1.5 The third topdressing is carried out at the early stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip-fertilize 2kg urea (N46%) + 5kg high-nitrogen (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer + 5L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn≥20g / L) or 5L compound microbial fertilizer. At the same time, spray medium and trace element fertilizers on the leaves. The spraying amount and method are the same as those in the rosette period in step 1.4, and the effect is the same as above.

[0134] 1.6 The fourth topdressing is done during the head forming period. This is called "head forming fertilizer". More potassium fertilizer is needed to increase the yield and head compactness. 2 Drip 5L of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥ 30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O = 17-0-3), add 4kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-30) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and spray 10g / 667m3 of medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves. 2 , add 25kg of clean water, spraying dosage and method are the same as during the rosette period, and the effect is the same as above.

[0135] 1.7 The fifth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of heart formation, every 667m 2 Drip 3kg high potassium type (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer. At the same time, drip fertilize every 667m3 at around 10 am on a sunny day 3 days later. 2Spray 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34) plus 6g of high-calcium fertilizer, diluted with 25kg of water, to increase yield and core firmness, improve quality and marketability.

[0136] 1.8 Apply the last fertilizer about 20 days before harvest, which is the sixth topdressing. 2 Drip-apply 1kg of high-potassium (nutrient content N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) macro-element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0137] 1.9 Use 35ml / 667ml 10 days before harvest 2 (Add water to make the concentration 500 times) Spraying the leaves with water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids can provide the nutrients needed by vegetables, help improve quality, such as taste, aroma, and color, and can also preserve water and nutrients, extending the storage period.

[0138] 2 Drip irrigation method

[0139] The drip irrigation method is the same as that in Example 1. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 230m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0140] Application Examples

[0141] 1. Application of different water and fertilizer management methods in drip irrigation cultivation of red bamboo shoots in Gansu in 2022

[0142] The experiment was conducted in Dali Village, Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. The basic nutrients in the experimental site were: pH 8.49, organic matter 25.1g / kg, available phosphorus 9.3 mg / kg, available potassium 186 mg / kg, total nitrogen 1.77g / kg, total phosphorus 0.76g / kg, and total potassium 22.4g / kg. The experiment was divided into five groups:

[0143] (1) Control group (water and fertilizer management of red bamboo shoots was carried out according to local farmers’ habits). Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥5%) 1500kg, potassium magnesium sulfate (K2O 24%) 40kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0) 50kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 3 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2 , 4kg of urea (N46%) during the clustering stage, 3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34) + 20kg of fruit and vegetable treasure during the rosette stage, and 20kg of fruit and vegetable treasure during the fleshy stem formation stage. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 420m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0144] (2) Treatment 1: Base fertilizer: every 667m2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 1500kg, potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) 15kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0) 25kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 8 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2 , 2kg of urea (N46%) in the seedling stage, 3kg of urea (N46%) + 1kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34) in the seedling stage, 3kg of urea (N46%) + 5kg of fruit and vegetable treasure in the early stage of clustering, 3kg of urea (N46%) + 10kg of fruit and vegetable treasure + 2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34) in the clustering stage, 2kg of urea (N46%) in the rosette stage, 10kg of fruit and vegetable treasure in the early stage of fleshy stem formation, 2kg of urea (N46%) in the fleshy stem formation stage, 5kg of fruit and vegetable treasure 20 days before harvest. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 380m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0145] (3) Treatment 2: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 800kg, potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) 15kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0) 25kg; topdressing is the same as treatment 1, and the irrigation volume during the whole growth period is 350m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0146] (4) Treatment 3: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 800kg, plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10) 50kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 8 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2, 1kg of high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements in the seedling stage (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15), 2kg of high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements in the seedling stage (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15), 4kg of high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements in the early stage of clustering (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) + 5kg of fruit and vegetable treasure, 3kg of high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements in the clustering stage (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) + 3kg of high potassium type water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) g+Fruit and Vegetable Treasure 5kg, high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 6kg+Fruit and Vegetable Treasure 5kg, high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 6kg+Fruit and Vegetable Treasure 5kg in the early stage of fleshy stem formation, high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 3kg+Fruit and Vegetable Treasure 5kg, high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) 20 days before harvest. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 330m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0147] (5) Treatment 4: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 800kg of organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10); topdressing (drip application): 8 times during the whole growth period, including 4kg of high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) and 5L of compound microbial fertilizer in the early stage of clustering, 6kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) and 5kg of fruit and vegetable treasure and 5L of compound microbial fertilizer in the early stage of fleshy stem formation. The other 6 topdressings are the same as those in treatment 3. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 320m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0148] In the spring of 2022, water and fertilizer management of red bamboo shoots was carried out according to the above five treatment methods, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0149] Table 1 Effects of total irrigation and fertilizer application rates on stem diameter, plant height, and yield of red bamboo shoots under different treatments in 2022

[0150]

[0151] 2. Application of different water and fertilizer management methods in drip irrigation cultivation of baby cabbage in Gansu in 2022

[0152] The experiment was conducted at Ping'antai, Huazhuang Town, Honggu District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. The baby cabbage variety was "Western Imperial Concubine". The basic nutrients in the experimental site were: pH 8.20, organic matter 25.7g / kg, available phosphorus 17.9mg / kg, available potassium 180mg / kg, total nitrogen 1.75g / kg, total phosphorus 1.02g / kg, and total potassium 20.4g / kg. The experiment was divided into five groups:

[0153] (1) Control group (water and fertilizer management of baby cabbage according to local farmers’ habits): Base fertilizer: 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 1500kg, potassium magnesium sulfate (K2O 24%) 10kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0) 50kg, urea (N46%) 12.5kg; topdressing (drip application): apply twice during the whole growth period, once at the rosette stage and once at the heart stage, every 667m 2 40kg calcium ammonium nitrate and 20kg urea (N46%) were mixed and dripped each time. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period was 400m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0154] (2) Treatment 1: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 800kg, potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) 10kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0) 25kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 6 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2 , 5kg of urea (N46%) in the seedling stage, 5kg of urea (N46%) + 2kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the rosette stage, 8kg of urea (N46%) + 5kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the early heart stage, 7kg of urea (N46%) + 10kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the heart stage, 5kg of urea (N46%) + 10kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the late heart stage, 3kg of calcium ammonium nitrate 20 days before harvest. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 300m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0155] (3) Treatment 2: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 600kg, potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) 10kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0) 25kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 5 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2, 5kg of urea (N46%) in the seedling stage, 8kg of urea (N46%) + 7kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the rosette stage, 10kg of urea (N46%) + 10kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the early heart-forming stage, 7kg of urea (N46%) + 10kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the heart-forming stage, and 3kg of calcium ammonium nitrate in the late heart-forming stage. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 280m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0156] (4) Treatment 3: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 600kg of organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10); topdressing (drip application): apply 6 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2 , 5L of compound microbial fertilizer in the seedling stage, 3kg of urea (N46%) + 2kg of calcium ammonium nitrate + 2kg of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) in the rosette stage, 4kg of urea (N46%) + 4kg of calcium ammonium nitrate + 3kg of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) + 5L of compound microbial fertilizer in the early stage of heart formation, 3kg of urea (N46%) + 4kg of calcium ammonium nitrate + 3kg of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) in the early stage of heart formation kg+4kg calcium ammonium nitrate+10kg high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30), 8kg high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) in the late heart-forming stage, 20 days before harvest: 2kg high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30), 10 days before harvest: 15ml / 667m3 amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2 Spray with 800-1000 times dilution. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 250m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0157] (5) Treatment 4: The difference between this treatment and treatment 3 for baby cabbage cultivation is:

[0158] During the heart-forming stage, 2 kg of urea (N46%), 4 kg of calcium ammonium nitrate, and 10 kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) were applied. During the late heart-forming stage, 1 kg of urea (N46%) and 8 kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) were applied. The base fertilizer and the remaining four topdressings were the same as those in treatment 3. The irrigation rate during the entire growth period was 250 m3 / s. 3 / 667m 2 about.

[0159] In the spring of 2022, water and fertilizer management of baby cabbage was carried out according to the above five treatment methods, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0160] Table 2 Total irrigation volume, fertilizer application per mu and their effects on yield and clean vegetable rate of baby cabbage under different treatments in spring 2022

[0161]

[0162] From Table 1 and Table 2, we can see that:

[0163] Table 1 shows red bamboo shoots, and Table 2 shows baby cabbage. Different crops grow at different rates and in different stages, and their nutritional requirements vary, resulting in slightly different fertilizer requirements and types. However, their overall fertilizer requirements are characterized by low nutrient and water absorption in the early stages of growth, increased in the middle and late stages, and decreased again near harvest time. Therefore, the experimental design maintained the water and fertilizer management approach of "small amounts, frequent applications, small amounts at the beginning, and large amounts in the middle."

[0164] The purpose of the two-crop experiment was to address the widespread abuse of water, fertilizer, and pesticides during crop cultivation by local farmers (a common phenomenon among vegetable growers in Lanzhou), as well as their extensive management practices. This included excessive and undisciplined application of fertilizers and water, a single fertilizer type, and a heavy emphasis on macronutrient fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizers) over micronutrient and trace element fertilizers and biological functional fertilizers. These fertilizers resulted in unstable vegetable yields and quality, low water and fertilizer resource utilization, declining groundwater levels, severe non-point source pollution, and excessive production costs. Therefore, the experiment employed integrated water and fertilizer management, applying macronutrient water-soluble fertilizers and organic fertilizers, along with appropriate amounts of compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids and humic acid, and micronutrient fertilizers. Water and fertilizer management was tailored to crop needs, with appropriate timing and dosage, to achieve the goals of saving water and reducing fertilizer, improving quality and efficiency, while also increasing management efficiency, reducing production costs, and effectively enhancing arable land quality.

[0165] ③ Several trials for both crops employed adjustments to the previous treatment. For example, the control treatments for red bamboo shoots and baby cabbage had the highest chemical fertilizer and irrigation rates, with topdressing distributed three and two times throughout the growing season, respectively. However, yield and other growth indicators were lower than those in the four treatments. The design principle for treatment one of red bamboo shoots involved reducing chemical fertilizer and fruit and vegetable fertilizer applications while maintaining the same organic fertilizer rate relative to the control, while also balancing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios, applying small, frequent topdressing, and irrigation. Treatment two, compared to treatment one, simply used less organic fertilizer. Treatment three maintained the same organic fertilizer rate as treatment two, using a highland summer vegetable formula fertilizer as base fertilizer and a macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer as topdressing. Treatment four, based on treatment three, reduced the highland summer vegetable formula fertilizer as base fertilizer and added a compound microbial fertilizer as topdressing. Comparisons between these treatments indicate that optimizing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios, distributing fertilizer and water as needed, increasing the application of compound microbial fertilizer, and applying less nitrogen fertilizer near harvest or a compound fertilizer with a low nitrogen ratio can improve yield and marketability in red bamboo shoots compared to the control. Treatment four performed the best. The design ideas of several groups of experiments on baby cabbage are similar to those on red bamboo shoots, among which treatment three performed the best.

[0166] ④ Therefore, the experimental design of baby cabbage in 2023 was implemented after some adjustments based on the 2022 experiment. At this stage, based on the results of field trials in different years, different crops, different varieties, and different ecological regions, the vegetable water and fertilizer management method summarized in the present invention is the best. Of course, in the future, it can be continuously explored and improved through different methods or technologies, and a more optimized method can be modified or replaced.

[0167] According to the data from the 2022 project trial, under sub-membrane drip irrigation conditions, compared with conventional fertilization, the method of optimizing water and fertilizer management reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer application for red bamboo shoots and baby cabbage by 10.78% to 40.01% and 28.39% to 40.29% respectively compared with the corresponding controls, while the yield increased by 5.15% to 39.18% and 2.52% to 35.29% respectively.

[0168] 3. In 2023, based on the level in 2022, the application of chemical fertilizers will be reduced while that of organic fertilizers will be reduced. During the vegetable planting period, the water and fertilizer management method will be precisely controlled, with phosphorus first, nitrogen in the middle, and potassium later, with small amounts of fertilizer applied at both ends and large amounts in the middle, distributed according to demand, applied in appropriate amounts and at the right time, and in small amounts and multiple times. Balanced fertilization will be applied with water-soluble fertilizers of major, medium and trace elements, and reasonable application of biological functional fertilizers such as organic fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids, and water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid. Through the optimized technical measures of root drip application and foliar spraying, the optimal water and fertilizer management method will be obtained.

[0169] 3. Application of different water and fertilizer management methods in drip irrigation cultivation of baby cabbage in Gansu in 2023

[0170] The experiment was conducted in Dali Village, Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, using drip irrigation to grow baby cabbage ("Xiuyue 155"). The basic nutrient content of the experimental site was: pH 8.26, organic matter 26.0g / kg, available phosphorus 21.6 mg / kg, available potassium 158mg / kg, total nitrogen 1.79g / kg, total phosphorus 1.03g / kg, and total potassium 20.0g / kg. The experiment was divided into five groups:

[0171] (1) Control group (water and fertilizer management of baby cabbage according to local farmers’ habits): Base fertilizer: 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 1500kg, potassium magnesium sulfate (K2O 24%) 10kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=15-42-0) 50kg, urea (N46%) 12.5kg; topdressing (drip application): apply twice during the whole growth period, once at the rosette stage and once at the heart stage, every 667m 2 40kg calcium ammonium nitrate and 20kg urea (N46%) were mixed and dripped each time. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period was 420m3 / 667m 2 .

[0172] (2) Treatment 1: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 1000kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-4-22) 15kg, diammonium phosphate (N-P2O5-K2O=15-42-0) 25kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 6 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2 , urea (N46%) 2kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 4kg in the seedling stage, urea (N46%) 4kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 8kg in the rosette stage, urea (N46%) 8kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 10kg in the early hearting stage, urea (N46%) 6kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 10kg in the hearting stage, 6kg calcium ammonium nitrate in the late hearting stage, 2kg calcium ammonium nitrate 20 days before harvest. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 300m 3 / 667m 2 about.

[0173] (3) Treatment 2: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) 800kg, plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10) 40kg; topdressing (drip application): apply 6 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2 , urea (N46%) 1kg + high phosphorus and large amount of elements water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) 2kg in the seedling stage, urea (N46%) 2kg + ammonium nitrate calcium 8kg + high nitrogen and large amount of elements water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) 5kg in the rosette stage, urea (N46%) 2kg + ammonium nitrate calcium 10kg + high nitrogen and large amount of elements water-soluble fertilizer (N-P 2O5-K2O=22-15-15) 5kg, ammonium nitrate calcium 7kg + high potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) 4kg during the heart-forming period, high potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) 3kg in the late heart-forming period, high potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) 1kg 20 days before harvest. The irrigation amount during the entire growth period is 250m 3 / 667m 2 about.

[0174] (4) Treatment 3: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 600kg of organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10); topdressing (drip application): apply 6 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m2 , urea (N46%) 1kg + high phosphorus and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) 2kg + amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn≥20g / L) 5L, urea (N46%) 2kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 8kg + high nitrogen and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15) 5kg + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O≥200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O=17-0-3) 5L in the early stage of heart formation, urea (N46%) 2kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 10kg + high nitrogen and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=22-1 During the hearting period: 5-15 days: 5kg + 5L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥ 100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn ≥ 20g / L); during the hearting period: 7kg of calcium ammonium nitrate + 4kg of high-potassium and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-30); during the hearting period: 5L of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥ 30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O = 17-0-3); during the hearting period: 3kg of high-potassium and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-30); 20 days before harvest: 1kg of high-potassium and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-30); 10 days before harvest: 35ml / 667m3 of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. 2 Add 25kg of clean water for spraying. The irrigation volume during the whole growth period is 220m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0175] Compared with treatment 2, treatment 3 added water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids and water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid.

[0176] (4) Treatment 4: Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 Apply 600kg of organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) and 40kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10); topdressing (drip application): apply 6 times during the whole growth period, respectively: every 667m 2, urea (N46%) 1kg + high phosphorus and large amount of elements water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10) 2kg + amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid ≥100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn≥20g / L) 5L in the seedling stage, urea (N46%) 1kg + ammonium nitrate calcium 8kg + high nitrogen and large amount of elements water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=2 2-15-15) 5kg + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥ 30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 200g / L, N-P2O5-K2O = 17-0-3) 5L, early-stage urea (N46%) 1kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 8kg + high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 22-15-15) 5kg + amino acid water-soluble fertilizer Feed (amino acid ≥ 100g / L, nutrient content Fe+B+Zn ≥ 20g / L) 5L, urea (N46%) for the heart stage 1kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 7kg + high potassium and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) 4kg + humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (humic acid ≥ 30g / L, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 200g / L, N-P2O5- 5L of urea (N46%) for the late heart stage + 2kg of calcium ammonium nitrate + 3kg of high-potassium and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30); 20 days before harvest: 1kg of high-potassium and macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30); 10 days before harvest: 15ml / 667m3 of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 2 Spray with 800-1000 times dilution. The irrigation amount during the whole growth period is 220m 3 / 667m 2 .

[0177] The underlined parts in treatment 3 and treatment 4 are the differences between the two groups of treatments, and the rest are the same.

[0178] In the spring of 2023, drip irrigation was carried out in Dali Village, Wushengyi Town, Yongdeng County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, according to the above five treatment methods. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0179] Table 3 Quality measurement values and yield of baby cabbage under different treatments in spring 2023

[0180]

[0181] From Table 3 we can see that:

[0182] ① Under the condition that the water and fertilizer management principles remain unchanged, because the baby cabbage variety changed from "Western Region Imperial Concubine" to "Xiu Yue 155", the experimental site changed from "Ping'antai, Huazhuang Town, Honggu District, Lanzhou City" to "Dali Village, Yongdeng County, Lanzhou City", in order to verify the applicability of the water and fertilizer management method of the present invention to different varieties of baby cabbage, different precipitation years, and different ecological regions, the water and fertilizer management methods of the control treatment and several other treatments were the same or similar and continued to be used in 2022.

[0183] ② Under the condition that the water and fertilizer management principles remain unchanged, in 2023, the compound microbial fertilizer will be changed to water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids and water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, which will be more optimized in increasing yield, improving quality and enhancing the quality of cultivated land. This shows that compound microbial fertilizer can be replaced by amino acid and humic acid fertilizers, or both methods are acceptable.

[0184] ③ Under the same water and fertilizer management principles, in 2022, two water-soluble macronutrient fertilizers with different contents (N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15) and (N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30) were applied. In 2023, three water-soluble fertilizers with different contents (N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10), (N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15), and (N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30) were applied. The test results showed that the water-soluble macronutrient fertilizers applied in 2023 were more optimized, indicating that the latter could replace the former.

[0185] ④ Judging from the tests in 2022 and 2023, the effect of calcium fertilizer in calcium ammonium nitrate is not obvious (the reason has not been found out), and if it continues to be applied in the late growth period, the nitrogen fertilizer is not conducive to the heart formation of baby cabbage and increases the nitrate content during the harvest period; therefore, replacing calcium ammonium nitrate with high-calcium fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer with medium and trace elements should make the yield and quality of baby cabbage higher and better.

[0186] Comparing Tables 1-3 shows that the closer to harvest, the less fertilizer should be applied, especially nitrogen fertilizer, which should be reduced or eliminated. This is to reduce nitrate accumulation in vegetables and prevent delayed heart formation and dried-out shoots in baby cabbage, which can lead to reduced yields and yields. Data from a 2023 baby cabbage quality test revealed that treatments that applied nitrogen fertilizer closer to harvest had higher nitrate levels (mg / kg) than those harvested from other treatments. For example, treatment four in the spring of 2023 had the highest nitrate content, at 66 mg / kg, 32% to 112.90% higher than the other treatments. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application early in the season, late in the season, or throughout the entire growth period can lead to dried-out shoots and loosened heart in baby cabbage, reducing yield and marketability. For example, the 2022 red bamboo shoot plant height data showed that Treatment 2 reached a maximum height of 71.16 cm, 6.61% to 35.34% higher than the other treatments. Yield decreased by 13.56%, 17.74%, and 24.44% compared to Treatments 1, 3, and 4, respectively. While this was a 5.15% increase over the control, stemming affected marketability. Data on the clean-leaf percentage of baby cabbage in 2022 showed that the clean-leaf percentage of the control, Treatments 1, 2, and 4 was 17.34%, 20.37%, 17.54%, and 14.19% lower than that of Treatment 3, respectively. Conversely, these four treatments applied significantly more nitrogen fertilizer than Treatment 3, especially in Treatments 1 and 4, where nitrogen fertilizer was applied continuously until the late hearting stage. Furthermore, while all fertilizer application rates were identical for Treatments 3 and 4, different topdressing methods led to different clean-leaf percentages and yields. Treatment 4 had a 14.19% lower clean-leaf percentage than Treatment 3, and its yield was also 15.53% lower.

[0187] The data on the clean vegetable rate and yield of baby cabbage in 2023 showed similar results. The clean vegetable rates of the control, treatment one, treatment two and treatment four decreased by 17.39%, 21.19%, 3.78% and 18.47% respectively compared with treatment three, and the yield also decreased by 27.81%, 29.95%, 4.81% and 18.72% respectively. Similarly, the Vc content decreased by 3.68%, 9.82%, 4.29% and 4.29% respectively. On the contrary, the nitrate content increased by 38.71%, 61.29%, 19.35% and 112.90% respectively. At the same time, the total amount of chemical fertilizers applied in the five treatments of the experimental planting of baby cabbage in 2023 (N+P2O5+K2O, kg / 667m 3) were 142.45, 85.80, 72.38, 62.38 and 62.38 respectively. The amount of chemical fertilizer applied in treatment three was reduced by 56.21%, 27.30% and 13.82% compared with the control, treatment one and treatment two, respectively. This is similar to the results of the 2022 baby cabbage test. The amount of all fertilizers applied in treatments three and four is the same, but the clean vegetable rate, yield, Vc content and nitrate content are different due to different topdressing methods. Through the comparison of the above data, due to the different fertilization methods, the method of treatment three showed obvious advantages in yield, quality and fertilizer reduction.

[0188] Table 4 Total irrigation volume, fertilizer input per mu, and chemical fertilizer application per mu for different treatments of baby cabbage in spring 2023

[0189]

[0190] From the comparison of Table 3 and Table 4, it can be seen that compared with the control method (farmers' habit), the fertilizer input per mu after adopting the water and fertilizer management method of Example 1 of the present invention is reduced from 1769.38 yuan / 667m 3 Reduced to 1128.75 yuan / 667m 3 , reduced by 36.21%; water saving per mu is 170m 3 , saving 42.5%.

[0191] At the same time, the 2023 baby cabbage quality test analysis data showed that compared with the control group, the vitamin C (mg / 100g) content in treatment three increased by 3.82%, the soluble sugar (g / 100g) content increased by 17.39%, and the nitrate (mg / kg) content decreased by 27.91%. The results of this experiment showed that the nitrate content of baby cabbage produced by farmers' habitual fertilization was 43mg·kg -1 Although it does not exceed the national safety requirements for pollution-free vegetables - the nitrate standard for leafy vegetables (in terms of NO3 - ≤3000 mg·kg -1 , GB18406.1-2001), but it was significantly higher than 31 mg·kg in the third treatment group. -1 .

[0192] The present invention is an efficient management technology formed based on the open-field cultivation experiments of the above-mentioned two vegetables. Other crops can appropriately increase or decrease the frequency and amount of water and fertilizer input based on their own growth period and fertilizer requirements. However, the general principle is that water and fertilizer input should be distributed on demand, timely and in appropriate amounts, and accurately controlled in small amounts and multiple times. Water-soluble fertilizers of major, medium and trace elements should be used in a balanced manner. Organic fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids, water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid and other biological functional fertilizers should be reasonably applied. Through the optimized technical measures of root drip application and foliar spraying, crops can fully absorb the corresponding water and fertilizer to meet growth needs, prevent resource waste, and keep the atmosphere, water bodies, soil and other environments clean and environmentally friendly.

[0193] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables, wherein the cruciferous vegetables are baby cabbage or red bamboo shoots, characterized in that: The method comprises: adopting a fertilization method combining root drip fertilization and foliar spraying, applying heavy phosphate fertilizer in the early growth stage of cruciferous vegetables, heavy nitrogen fertilizer in the middle growth stage, and heavy potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage, with small fertilizer amounts at the two ends and large amounts in the middle, and rationally applying water-soluble fertilizers containing large, medium and trace elements, organic fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids and water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid, and distributing them according to demand; The method comprises the following steps: (1) Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 , apply 550-800kg of organic fertilizer or 4000-6000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, and 35-45kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer; (2) Topdressing: 1) Seedling stage: every 667m 2 , drip 0.8-1.2kg urea + 1.5-2.5kg high phosphorus type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer; when topdressing at the seedling stage, every 667m 2 , also drip-fertilize 4-6L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or 4-6L of compound microbial fertilizer; 2) Rosette period: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 1.5-2.5kg urea + 4-6kg high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 4-6L water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, and at the same time drip-fertilize 7-9kg calcium ammonium nitrate, or spray 8-10g high-calcium fertilizer on the leaves, or spray 13-17g medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves; 3) Initial stage of core wrapping: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 1.5-2.5kg urea + 4-6kg high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 4-6L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer / 4-6L compound microbial fertilizer, and at the same time drip-fertilize 8-12kg calcium ammonium nitrate, or spray 8-10g high-calcium fertilizer on the leaves, or spray 13-17g medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves; 4) Heart stage: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 3-5kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 4-6L of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and at the same time drip-fertilize 6-8kg of calcium ammonium nitrate, or spray 8-10g of high-calcium fertilizer on the leaves, or spray 9-11g of medium and trace element fertilizer on the leaves; 5) Late stage of core filling: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 2.5-3.5kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer; 6) 20 days before harvest: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 0.8-1.2kg of high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer or 0.8-1.2kg of fully water-soluble agricultural potassium sulfate; The organic fertilizer has a nutrient content of N+P2O5+K2O≥4%; The nutrient content of the plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10; In the composite microbial fertilizer, the microorganisms are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with an effective viable bacterial count of ≥500 million / g; the nutrient content is N+P2O5+K2O=8.0%, and the organic matter is ≥25%.

2. The method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer has an amino acid content of ≥100 g / L and a nutrient content of Fe+B+Zn of ≥20 g / L; and / or The high-nitrogen, macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer has a nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O=22-15-15; and / or The nutrient content of the high-phosphorus macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=12-28-10; and / or The high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer has a nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O=10-10-30; and / or The calcium ammonium nitrate has a nutrient content of N 15.5%, CaO ≥ 25.5%, MgO ≥ 0.1%, and water-soluble calcium ≥ 18%; and / or The nutrient content of the water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements is Ca+Mg≥100g / L; and / or The nutrient content of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 30 g / L or more of humic acid, 200 g / L of N+P2O5+K2O, and 17-0-3 of N-P2O5-K2O; and / or The high calcium fertilizer is: high calcium fertilizer, Ca≥195g / L, Mg≥5g / L, B+Zn+Fe≥5g / L; and / or The nutrient content of the fully water-soluble agricultural potassium sulfate is K2O≥52% and S≥17%.

3. A method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method further comprises: 10 days before harvest: every 667m 2 , spray 35 ml of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids on the leaves and dilute it 500 to 800 times with water.

4. A method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the seedling stage, topdressing should be carried out every 667m 2 Spray 10-12g / 667m2 of water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements on the leaves 2 , add 25kg of water.

5. A method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When applying fertilizer in the late stage of heart filling, 3 days after drip application, apply fertilizer every 667m 2 Spray 9-11g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 6-8g of high calcium fertilizer on the leaves, dilute with 25kg of water; the nutrient content of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is: N-P2O5-K2O=0-52-34.

6. A method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method includes irrigation of 220-230m 3 / 667m 2 .

7. A method for efficient water and fertilizer management of cruciferous vegetables, wherein the cruciferous vegetables are baby cabbage or red bamboo shoots, characterized in that: The method comprises: adopting a fertilization method combining root drip fertilization and foliar spraying, applying heavy phosphate fertilizer in the early growth stage of cruciferous vegetables, heavy nitrogen fertilizer in the middle growth stage, and heavy potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage, with small fertilizer amounts at the two ends and large amounts in the middle, and rationally applying water-soluble fertilizers containing large, medium and trace elements, organic fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids and water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid, and distributing them according to demand; The method comprises the following steps: (1) Base fertilizer: every 667m 2 , 4000-6000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 38-42kg of plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer; (2) Topdressing: 1) Seedling stage: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 0.8-1.2kg; 2) Seedling stage: every 667m 2 , drip-fertilize 1.5-2.5kg of high-nitrogen, macronutrient-rich water-soluble fertilizer; 3) Initial stage of clustering: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 3.5-4.5kg + compound microbial fertilizer 4-6L; 4) Clustering period: every 667m 2 , drip application of high nitrogen type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg + high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg; 5) Rosette period: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 5-7kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg; 6) Initial stage of fleshy stem formation: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 5-7kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg + compound microbial fertilizer 4-6L; 7) Fleshy stem formation period: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 2.5-3.5kg + fruit and vegetable treasure 4-6kg; 8) 20 days before harvest: every 667m 2 , drip application of high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer 1.5-2.5kg; The nutrient content of the plateau summer vegetable formula fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=10-20-10; The nutrient content of the high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=26-9-15; The nutrient content of the high-potassium macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O=12-8-30; In the composite microbial fertilizer, the microorganisms are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with an effective viable count of ≥ 500 million / g; the nutrient content is N+P2O5+K2O=8.0%, and the organic matter is ≥ 25%; The fruit and vegetable treasure is: a water-soluble fertilizer containing medium elements of calcium and magnesium, Ca+Mg≥100g / L.

Images