A method for forming an aluminum / magnesium laminated composite shell with ribs and three-dimensional interface structure

Abstract

The application provides a forming method of an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with inner ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure, and belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal preparation. According to the characteristics of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials, a thread groove structure is processed on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy outer cylinder, a cylindrical rolling body I is used for inner spinning, ultrasonic waves are applied through the cylindrical rolling body I during the spinning process, the plastic deformation capacity of the magnesium alloy is improved, the magnesium alloy is filled into the thread groove inside the aluminum alloy, a three-dimensional interface with mechanical interlocking is formed, and the interface bonding strength is improved. A grid groove is arranged on the surface of an outer spinning machine core die, a spinning wheel is used for outer spinning, ultrasonic waves are applied through the spinning wheel and the outer spinning machine core die during the spinning process, integrated spinning forming of the grid-shaped inner rib structure is realized, adverse consequences caused by welding of the inner rib are avoided, the pressure bearing capacity of the aluminum / magnesium composite shell is improved, and preparation of a high-quality aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal preparation, and specifically discloses a method for forming an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure. Background Technology

[0002] Magnesium alloys possess low density, high strength, and excellent electromagnetic shielding properties, making them promising for applications in electronics, automotive manufacturing, and defense. However, their poor corrosion resistance limits their applications to some extent. In contrast, aluminum alloys exhibit superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, leading to their widespread use in manufacturing structural components such as pressure hulls for underwater equipment. Considering the combined characteristics of magnesium and aluminum alloys, the fabrication of aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell components holds significant promise for applications in high-pressure, lightweight applications.

[0003] During the fabrication of aluminum / magnesium layered composite shells, brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed at the interface, reducing the interfacial bonding strength and consequently affecting the overall performance of the shell. Magnesium alloys have a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, making them prone to plastic deformation at room temperature and cracking. They are also susceptible to oxidation during heating, affecting the magnesium-aluminum interfacial bonding and forming properties. Obtaining a high-performance interface is a pressing issue to be addressed in the fabrication of aluminum / magnesium composite shell components.

[0004] To improve the shell's ability to withstand external pressure, internal ribs are usually added inside the shell by welding. However, the process of welding internal ribs can easily cause shell deformation, reduce the mechanical and corrosion resistance of the welded parts, and affect the overall performance of the shell. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for forming an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure, overcoming the following technical problems:

[0006] 1. During the preparation of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell, brittle intermetallic compounds are easily produced at the magnesium-aluminum interface, which leads to a decrease in the interfacial bonding strength.

[0007] 2. The process of welding and adding internal ribs can easily cause shell deformation, reduce the mechanical and corrosion resistance of the welded parts, and affect the overall performance of the shell.

[0008] The forming method of the above-mentioned aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and three-dimensional interface structure includes the following steps:

[0009] S1, for machining magnesium alloy inner cylinders and aluminum alloy outer cylinders.

[0010] The magnesium alloy inner cylinder and the aluminum alloy outer cylinder are machined to the preset dimensions. A step is machined at the first end of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder, and a threaded groove is machined on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder.

[0011] S2, the magnesium alloy inner cylinder is assembled into the aluminum alloy outer cylinder, and the step at the first end of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder presses against the first end of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder to form an aluminum / magnesium assembly.

[0012] S3, High-energy ultrasonic-assisted internal spinning forming of aluminum / magnesium composite shell

[0013] The aluminum / magnesium assembly prepared in step S2 is mounted on an internal spinning press and spun into shape, while being subjected to ultrasonic vibration.

[0014] S4, High-energy ultrasonic-assisted external spin forming of aluminum / magnesium composite shell

[0015] The aluminum / magnesium composite shell prepared in step S3 is mounted on an external spinning press and spun into shape. Ultrasonic vibration is performed simultaneously inside and outside the aluminum / magnesium composite shell. The surface of the core mold of the external spinning press is provided with a grid groove.

[0016] The internal spinning press used in step S3 includes an internal spinning press frame, a fixed frame, a sliding frame, a three-jaw chuck, an internal spinning press spindle, an internal spinning press motor, a retaining ring, an ultrasonic generator I, a transducer I, an amplitude transformer I, an ultrasonic tool head, and a spinning head; the fixed frame and the sliding frame are arranged opposite to each other, with the fixed frame fixedly installed on the internal spinning press frame and the sliding frame slidably installed on the internal spinning press frame; the three-jaw chuck is installed on the fixed frame; the internal spinning press spindle is installed on the sliding frame, coaxially arranged with the three-jaw chuck, and driven to rotate by the internal spinning press motor; a retaining ring is installed inside the internal spinning press spindle; Transducer I is mounted on a fixed ring and coaxially arranged with the main shaft of the internal spinning press. Its input end is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator I. The input end of the amplitude transformer I is connected to the output end of the transducer I. The ultrasonic tool head passes through the main shaft of the internal spinning press, and its input end is connected to the output end of the amplitude transformer I. The spinning head includes an inner ring and a cylindrical rolling element I. The inner ring of the spinning head has a frustum-shaped structure, with its central hole connected to the output end of the ultrasonic tool head. The small end face faces the fixed frame, and the large end face faces the sliding frame. The cylindrical rolling element I surrounds the outer side of the inner ring of the spinning head, and its central axis is parallel to the outer wall of the inner ring of the spinning head.

[0017] Step S3 includes:

[0018] t1, clamp the second end of the aluminum / magnesium assembly onto the three-jaw chuck, so that the center line of the aluminum / magnesium assembly coincides with the center line of the spindle of the internal spinning press. After adjustment, position and clamp the aluminum / magnesium assembly.

[0019] t2, start the internal spinning press, feed the spindle of the internal spinning press, and the ultrasonic tool head drives the cylindrical rolling element I to spin the aluminum / magnesium assembly while performing ultrasonic vibration.

[0020] In the aforementioned internal spinning press, the output end of the ultrasonic tool head is provided with a tool thread; the inner ring of the spinning head is fitted on the tool thread; the spinning head also includes a retainer, which passes through the cylindrical rolling element I, and its two ends are respectively connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the spinning head and the tool thread; a washer and a locking nut are fitted on the tool thread to press the retainer.

[0021] The aforementioned internal spinning press also includes an internal spinning press guide rail; the internal spinning press guide rail is mounted on the internal spinning press frame; the sliding frame is mounted on the internal spinning press guide rail; the internal spinning press is controlled by the internal spinning press electrical control cabinet.

[0022] The external spinning press used in step S4 includes an external spinning press frame, a protective cover, an external spinning press spindle, an external spinning press motor, a clamping and positioning device, an ultrasonic generator II, a transducer II, an amplitude transformer II, an external spinning press core mold, a tail top cover, a tail top, a hydraulic cylinder, and a spinning assembly. The protective cover is installed on the external spinning press frame. The external spinning press spindle, clamping and positioning device, transducer II, amplitude transformer II, external spinning press core mold, tail top cover, tail top, and spinning assembly are all located inside the protective cover. The external spinning press spindle is rotatably mounted on the protective cover. The upper part is driven to rotate by the motor of the external spinning press; transducer II is mounted on the main shaft of the external spinning press through a clamping and positioning device, and its input end is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator II; the input end of the amplitude transformer II is connected to the output end of the transducer II; the input end of the external spinning press core mold is connected to the output end of the amplitude transformer II; the main shaft of the external spinning press, the clamping and positioning device, transducer II, amplitude transformer II, and the external spinning press core mold are coaxially arranged; the tail is mounted on the protective cover, coaxially arranged with the external spinning press core mold, and is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to move axially, and outputs... The outlet end is equipped with a tail top cover; the spinning assembly includes a spinning wheel support platform, a first spinning wheel support frame, a second spinning wheel support frame, a third spinning wheel support frame, a first spinning wheel transducer, a second spinning wheel transducer, a third spinning wheel transducer, a first spinning wheel amplitude transformer, a second spinning wheel amplitude transformer, a third spinning wheel amplitude transformer, a first spinning wheel, a second spinning wheel, and a third spinning wheel; the spinning wheel support platform is slidably mounted on the outer spinning press frame; the first spinning wheel support frame, the second spinning wheel support frame, and the third spinning wheel support frame are fixedly mounted on the spinning wheel support platform; the first The first, second, and third rotary transducers are respectively mounted on the first, second, and third rotary support frames. Their input ends are connected to the output ends of the ultrasonic generator II, and their output ends are respectively connected to the input ends of the first, second, and third rotary amplitude transformers. The first, second, and third rotary wheels are rotatably mounted on the output ends of the first, second, and third rotary amplitude transformers, respectively, with the three wheels at a 120° angle. o distributed;

[0023] Step S4 includes:

[0024] t1, The aluminum / magnesium composite shell prepared in step S3 is fitted onto the outer spinning die and tightened by the tail top cover;

[0025] t2, turn on the external spinning press, so that the three rollers of the external spinning press are fed axially, and ultrasonic vibration is performed simultaneously inside and outside the aluminum / magnesium composite shell through the core mold and rollers of the external spinning press.

[0026] The aforementioned external spinning press core mold includes a core mold and multiple segmented molds assembled outside the core mold; the multiple segmented molds include narrow segmented molds and wide segmented molds, which are arranged alternately; the surface of the segmented molds is provided with grid grooves; a core mold retaining ring is installed on the output end of the amplitude transformer II, and the core mold retaining ring is sleeved on the multiple segmented molds; the external spinning press also includes a core mold cover; the core mold cover presses against the output end of the multiple segmented molds, and cooperates with the core mold retaining ring to connect the segmented molds and the core mold into a whole.

[0027] In the aforementioned external spinning press, the spinning wheel is rotatably mounted on the spinning wheel amplitude rod and is positioned and locked by the spinning wheel retaining ring and the spinning wheel nut; the spinning wheel includes an inner ring and a cylindrical rolling element II; the inner ring of the spinning wheel has a frustum-shaped structure, the central hole is connected to the output end of the spinning wheel amplitude rod, the small end face faces the main shaft of the external spinning press, and the large end face faces the tail tip.

[0028] The aforementioned external spinning press also includes an external spinning press guide rail and a flange; the external spinning press guide rail is mounted on the external spinning press frame; the spinning wheel support platform is mounted on the external spinning press guide rail; the flange is coaxially arranged with the external spinning press main shaft, the input end is connected to the clamping positioner, and the output end is provided with a flange; the transducer II is located inside the flange; the amplitude transformer II passes through the flange; the external spinning press is controlled by the external spinning press electrical control cabinet.

[0029] In step S3, the spinning deformation is 30%, and the spinning is performed in one pass; the ultrasonic output power is 150W and the frequency is 20kHz.

[0030] In step S4, the spinning deformation is 30%, and the spinning is performed in one pass; the ultrasonic output power is 150W and the frequency is 20kHz.

[0031] In step S1, the machining steps of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder are as follows: clamp the magnesium alloy inner cylinder on a lathe, turn the outer surface, the outer diameter is 100mm, the upper deviation is 0.05mm, the lower deviation is 0.15mm, and machine a step at the first end, the outer diameter is 115mm, and the thickness is 4mm.

[0032] Machining of the inner wall of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder to an inner diameter of 94mm, with an upper deviation of 0.1mm and a lower deviation of 0mm;

[0033] The machining steps for the aluminum alloy outer cylinder are as follows: clamp the aluminum alloy outer cylinder on the machine tool, turn the inner surface, the inner diameter is 100mm, the upper deviation is 0.1mm, and the lower deviation is 0.

[0034] A threaded groove is machined on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder. The threaded groove depth is 0.2 mm, the thread pitch is 4 mm, and the bottom width of the threaded groove is 1 mm.

[0035] In step S4, the external spinning press core mold is made of H13 steel.

[0036] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] This invention addresses the characteristics of aluminum and magnesium alloys. A threaded groove structure is machined into the inner wall of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder. Internal spinning is performed using a cylindrical rolling element (I). During spinning, ultrasonic waves are applied to the cylindrical rolling element (I) to enhance the plastic deformation capacity of the magnesium alloy, allowing it to fill the threaded grooves in the aluminum alloy and forming a mechanically interlocking three-dimensional interface, thus improving the interfacial bonding strength. A grid groove is set on the surface of the external spinning die. External spinning is performed using a spinning wheel. During spinning, ultrasonic waves are applied to both the spinning wheel and the external spinning die to achieve an integrated spinning forming of a grid-like internal rib structure. This avoids the adverse consequences of welding the internal ribs, improves the pressure-bearing capacity of the aluminum / magnesium composite shell, and enables the preparation of a high-quality aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell. The prepared aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell combines the advantages of lightweight and high strength, and has broad application prospects in underwater pressure-bearing fields. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal spin forming of a high-energy ultrasonic-assisted aluminum / magnesium composite shell;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum / magnesium composite shell after internal spinning.

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the external spin forming of a high-energy ultrasonic-assisted aluminum / magnesium composite shell;

[0043] Figure 5 This is an assembly diagram of the external spinning press core mold;

[0044] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the external spinning press core mold;

[0045] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum / magnesium composite shell after external spinning.

[0046] In the diagram: 101-Internal spinning press frame; 102-Internal spinning press guide rail; 103-Fixed frame; 104-Sliding frame; 105-Three-jaw chuck; 106-Internal spinning press spindle; 107-Internal spinning press motor; 108-Fixed ring; 109-Ultrasonic generator I; 110-Transducer I; 111-Amplitude rod I; 112-Ultrasonic tool head; 113-Spinning head inner ring; 114-Cage; 115-Cylindrical rolling element I; 116-Washer; 117-Locking nut; 118-Inner ring; Spinning machine electrical control cabinet; 119-Inner spinning machine power switch; 120-Inner spinning machine power switch indicator light; 121-Spindle control switch; 122-Spindle control switch indicator light; 123-Ultrasonic generator power switch I; 124-Ultrasonic generator power indicator light I; 125-Ultrasonic power control knob I; 126-Ultrasonic power control indicator light I; 127-Ultrasonic amplitude control knob I; 128-Ultrasonic amplitude control indicator light I; 129-Inner spinning machine display screen; 130-Flange;

[0047] 201-External spinning press frame; 202-Protective cover; 203-External spinning press guide rail; 204-External spinning press spindle; 205-External spinning press motor; 206-Clamping positioner; 207-Flange frame; 208-Ultrasonic generator II; 209-Transducer II; 210-Amplitude bar II; 211-External spinning press core mold; 212-Tail top cover; 213-Tail top; 214-Hydraulic cylinder; 215-Spindle support platform; 216-First spindle support frame; 217-Second spindle support frame; 218-Third spindle support frame; 219-First spindle transducer; 220-Second spindle transducer; 221-Third spindle transducer; 222-First spindle amplitude bar; 223-Second spindle amplitude bar; 224-Third spindle amplitude bar; 225-... 226-Second Rotary Wheel; 227-Third Rotary Wheel; 228-Core Mold Retaining Ring; 229-Core Mold Cover; 230-External Rotary Press Electrical Control Cabinet; 231-External Rotary Press Power Switch; 232-External Rotary Press Power Switch Indicator Light; 233-Core Mold Control Switch; 234-Core Mold Control Switch Indicator Light; 235-Tail Top Control Switch; 236-Tail Top Control Switch Indicator Light; 237-Roller Control Switch; 238-Roller Control Switch Indicator Light; 239-Ultrasonic Generator Power Switch II; 240-Ultrasonic Generator Power Indicator Light II; 241-Ultrasonic Power Control Knob II; 242-Ultrasonic Power Control Indicator Light II; 243-Ultrasonic Amplitude Control Knob II; 244-Ultrasonic Amplitude Control Indicator Light II; 245-External Rotary Press Display Screen;

[0048] 211.1 - Narrow-shaped segmented mold; 211.2 - Wide-shaped segmented mold; 211.3 - Mesh groove;

[0049] 301 - Magnesium alloy inner cylinder; 302 - Aluminum alloy outer cylinder; 303 - Aluminum / magnesium composite shell. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] This embodiment combines the characteristics of aluminum and magnesium alloys, and uses an ultrasonic-assisted spinning process to prepare an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure. A pre-formed threaded groove structure is created inside the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302. Under the spinning load, the magnesium alloy fills into the threaded grooves, forming a mechanically interlocking three-dimensional interface. A high-energy ultrasonic field is applied to the spinning wheel in contact with the aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303 and the outer spinning die 211, promoting plastic deformation of the aluminum and magnesium alloys, reducing spinning deformation resistance, and decreasing residual stress inside the spun shell. A grid groove structure is machined on the surface of the outer spinning die 211 to form the internal grid ribs of the aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303. The resulting aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell is lightweight, has high pressure resistance, and good interfacial shear strength, showing broad application prospects in high-pressure fields such as underwater equipment.

[0052] The raw materials used are: aluminum alloy tubes, magnesium alloy tubes, sandpaper, alcohol, and petroleum jelly. The quantities to be prepared are as follows: measured in pieces, millimeters, and sheets.

[0053]

[0054] It is formed by spinning using an internal spinning press and an external spinning press.

[0055] The internal spinning press includes an internal spinning press frame 101, an internal spinning press guide rail 102, a fixed frame 103, a sliding frame 104, a three-jaw chuck 105, an internal spinning press spindle 106, an internal spinning press motor 107, a retaining ring 108, an ultrasonic generator I 109, a transducer I 110, an amplitude transformer I 111, an ultrasonic tool head 112, and a spinning head; the internal spinning press guide rail 102 is mounted on the internal spinning press frame 101; the fixed frame 103 and the sliding frame 104 are arranged opposite to each other, and the fixed frame 103... The internal spinning press is fixedly mounted on the frame 101, and the sliding frame 104 is mounted on the internal spinning press guide rail 102. The three-jaw chuck 105 is mounted on the fixed frame 103. The first end of the internal spinning press main shaft 106 is mounted on the sliding frame 104, and the second end is mounted with a flange 130 by bolts and nuts. The internal spinning press main shaft 106 and the three-jaw chuck 105 are coaxially arranged and driven to rotate by the internal spinning press motor 107. A retaining ring 108 is installed inside the internal spinning press main shaft 106. The transducer I 110 is installed. On the fixed ring 108, coaxially arranged with the spindle 106 of the internal spinning press, the input end is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator I 109; the input end of the amplitude transformer I 111 is connected to the output end of the transducer I 110; the ultrasonic tool head 112 passes through the spindle 106 and the flange 130 of the internal spinning press, the input end is connected to the output end of the amplitude transformer I 111, and the output end is provided with a tool thread; the spinning head includes a spinning head inner ring 113, a cage 114, and a cylindrical rolling element I 115; the spinning head inner ring 113 is... The structure is frustum-shaped, with a central hole connected to the tool thread of the ultrasonic tool head 112. The small end face faces the fixed frame 103, and the large end face faces the sliding frame 104. The cylindrical rolling element I 115 surrounds the outer side of the inner ring 113 of the spinning head, with its central axis parallel to the outer wall of the inner ring 113 of the spinning head. The retainer 114 passes through the cylindrical rolling element I 115, and its two ends are respectively connected to the outer wall of the inner ring 113 of the spinning head and the tool thread. A washer 116 and a locking nut 117 are fitted on the tool thread to press the retainer 114.

[0056] The internal spinning press is controlled by the internal spinning press electrical control cabinet 118. The internal spinning press electrical control cabinet 118 is equipped with an internal spinning press power switch 119, an internal spinning press power switch indicator light 120, a spindle control switch 121, a spindle control switch indicator light 122, an ultrasonic generator power switch I 123, an ultrasonic generator power indicator light I 124, an ultrasonic power control knob I 125, an ultrasonic power control indicator light I 126, an ultrasonic amplitude control knob I 127, an ultrasonic amplitude control indicator light I 128, and an internal spinning press display screen 129.

[0057] The external spinning press includes an external spinning press frame 201, a protective cover 202, an external spinning press guide rail 203, an external spinning press spindle 204, an external spinning press motor 205, a clamping and positioning device 206, a flange frame 207, an ultrasonic generator II 208, a transducer II 209, an amplitude transformer II 210, an external spinning press mandrel 211, a tail top cover 212, a tail top 213, a hydraulic cylinder 214, and spinning components; the protective cover 202 is mounted on the external spinning press frame 201; the external spinning press guide rail 203, external spinning press spindle 204, clamping and positioning device 206, flange frame 207, external spinning press guide rail 203, external spinning press spindle 204, clamping and positioning device 206, flange frame 207, transducer II 209, amplitude transformer II 210, external spinning press mandrel 211, tail top cover 212, and tail top 213... All spinning components are located within the protective cover 202; the external spinning press guide rail 203 is mounted on the external spinning press frame 201; the external spinning press main shaft 204 is rotatably mounted on the protective cover 202 and driven to rotate by the external spinning press motor 205; the flange frame 207 is mounted on the external spinning press main shaft 204 via a clamping positioner 206, and a flange is provided at the output end; the transducer II 209 is located within the flange frame 207 and is mounted on the external spinning press main shaft 204 via a clamping positioner 206, with its input end connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator II 208; the amplitude transformer II 210 passes through the flange, and its input end is connected to the output end of the transducer II 209; the input end of the external spinning press core mold 211 is connected to the amplitude transformer II 210. The output end is connected to the external spinning press spindle 204, clamping and positioning device 206, transducer II 209, amplitude transformer II 210, and external spinning press core mold 211, which are coaxially arranged. The tail top 213 is installed on the protective cover 202 and is coaxially arranged with the external spinning press core mold 211. It is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 214 to move axially, and the output end is equipped with a tail top cover 212. The spinning assembly includes a spinning wheel support platform 215, a first spinning wheel support frame 216, a second spinning wheel support frame 217, a third spinning wheel support frame 218, a first spinning wheel transducer 219, a second spinning wheel transducer 220, a third spinning wheel transducer 221, a first spinning wheel amplitude transformer 222, a second spinning wheel amplitude transformer 223, a third spinning wheel amplitude transformer 224, and a third spinning wheel amplitude transformer 225. A first rotating wheel 225, a second rotating wheel 226, and a third rotating wheel 227 are included; a rotating wheel support platform 215 is mounted on the outer rotating press guide rail 203; a first rotating wheel support frame 216, a second rotating wheel support frame 217, and a third rotating wheel support frame 218 are fixedly mounted on the rotating wheel support platform 215; a first rotating wheel transducer 219, a second rotating wheel transducer 220, and a third rotating wheel transducer 221 are respectively mounted on the first rotating wheel support frame 216, the second rotating wheel support frame 217, and the third rotating wheel support frame 218, with their input ends connected to the output ends of the ultrasonic generator II 208, and their output ends connected to the input ends of the first rotating wheel amplitude transformer 222, the second rotating wheel amplitude transformer 223, and the third rotating wheel amplitude transformer 224, respectively.The first rotating wheel 225, the second rotating wheel 226, and the third rotating wheel 227 are respectively rotatably installed on the output ends of the first rotating wheel amplitude rod 222, the second rotating wheel amplitude rod 223, and the third rotating wheel amplitude rod 224. They are positioned and locked by the rotating wheel retaining ring and the rotating wheel nut, and the three rotating wheels are at a 120° angle. o Distribution; The structure of the spinning wheel is similar to that of the spinning head, including the inner ring of the spinning wheel and the cylindrical rolling element II; the inner ring of the spinning wheel is a frustum-shaped structure, with the central hole connected to the output end of the spinning wheel amplitude rod, the small end face facing the outer spinning machine main shaft 204, and the large end face facing the tail tip 213.

[0058] In the aforementioned external spinning press, the core mold 211 includes a core and multiple segmented molds assembled outside the core. The multiple segmented molds include narrow segmented molds 211.1 and wide segmented molds 211.2, which are staggered for easy demolding. The surface of each segmented mold has a grid groove 211.3. A core mold retaining ring 228 is installed on the output end of the amplitude transformer II 210, and the core mold retaining ring 228 is fitted over the multiple segmented molds. The external spinning press also includes a core mold cover 229. The core mold cover 229 presses against the output end of the multiple segmented molds and, in conjunction with the core mold retaining ring 228, connects the segmented molds and the core into a whole. In this embodiment, the segmented molds include three narrow segmented molds 211.1 and three wide segmented molds 211.2.

[0059] The external spinning press is controlled by the external spinning press electrical control cabinet 230. The external spinning press electrical control cabinet 230 is equipped with an external spinning press power switch 231, an external spinning press power switch indicator light 232, a core mold control switch 233, a core mold control switch indicator light 234, a tail top control switch 235, a tail top control switch indicator light 236, a spinning wheel control switch 237, a spinning wheel control switch indicator light 238, an ultrasonic generator power switch II 239, an ultrasonic generator power indicator light II 240, an ultrasonic power control knob II 241, an ultrasonic power control indicator light II 242, an ultrasonic amplitude control knob II 243, an ultrasonic amplitude control indicator light II 244, and an external spinning press display screen 245.

[0060] This embodiment provides a method for forming an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure, including the following steps.

[0061] S1, Machining the magnesium alloy inner cylinder 301 and the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302

[0062] The machining steps of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder 301 are as follows: clamp the magnesium alloy inner cylinder 301 on a lathe, turn the outer surface, the outer diameter is 100mm, the upper deviation is 0.05mm, the lower deviation is 0.15mm, and a step is machined at the first end, the outer diameter is 115mm, and the thickness is 4mm.

[0063] Machining of the inner wall of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder 301 to an inner diameter of 94mm, with an upper deviation of 0.1mm and a lower deviation of 0mm;

[0064] The machining steps for the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302 are as follows: clamp the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302 on the machine tool, turn the inner surface, the inner diameter is 100mm, the upper deviation is 0.1mm, and the lower deviation is 0.

[0065] A threaded groove is machined on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302. The threaded groove depth is 0.2mm, the thread pitch is 4mm, and the bottom width of the threaded groove is 1mm.

[0066] S2, the magnesium alloy inner cylinder 301 is assembled into the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302 to form an aluminum / magnesium assembly. The step at the first end of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder 301 presses against the first end of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder 302 for positioning, while preventing coolant from entering the connection interface and affecting the interface connection performance.

[0067] S3, High-energy ultrasonic-assisted internal spinning forming of aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303

[0068] t1, clamp the second end of the aluminum / magnesium assembly onto the three-jaw chuck 105, so that the center line of the aluminum / magnesium assembly coincides with the center line of the spindle 106 of the internal spinning press. After adjustment, position and clamp the aluminum / magnesium assembly.

[0069] t2, start the internal spinning press, feed the spindle 106 of the internal spinning press, the ultrasonic tool head 112 drives the cylindrical rolling body I 115 to spin the aluminum / magnesium assembly while performing ultrasonic vibration, the spinning deformation is 30%, one spinning pass is completed, the ultrasonic output power is 150W, the frequency is 20kHz.

[0070] t3, After spinning is completed, turn off the inner spinning press and remove the spun aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303.

[0071] S4, High-energy ultrasonic-assisted external spin forming of aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303

[0072] The external spinning press core mold 211 is made of H13 steel. The core mold and the amplitude transformer rod II 210 are coated with Vaseline coupling agent to ensure good contact between the core mold and the amplitude transformer rod II 210.

[0073] t1, the aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303 prepared in step S3 is fitted onto the outer spinning press core mold 211 and tightened by the tail top cover 212;

[0074] t2, turn on the external spinning press, and feed the three wheels of the external spinning press along the axial direction. The core mold 211 and the wheels of the external spinning press simultaneously perform ultrasonic vibration inside and outside the aluminum / magnesium composite shell 303. The spinning deformation is 30%, and the spinning is formed in one pass. The ultrasonic output power is 150W and the frequency is 20kHz.

[0075] t3, shut down the external spinning press, remove the external spinning press core mold 211, disassemble the external spinning press core mold 211, and complete the spinning forming of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and three-dimensional interface structure.

[0076] S5, storage

[0077] The prepared aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and three-dimensional interface structure is packaged with soft material and stored in a clean, dry environment. It should be protected from moisture, sunlight, and acid, alkali and salt corrosion. The storage temperature is 20℃ and the relative humidity is ≤10%.

[0078] Conclusion: The aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell uses aluminum alloy as the outer layer material and magnesium alloy as the inner layer material to achieve lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance. A pre-fabricated threaded groove structure on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder enables three-dimensional mechanical interlocking between the aluminum and magnesium interfaces, improving the interfacial shear strength. During the internal spinning process, high-energy ultrasonic waves are applied to the cylindrical rolling element I115 to promote the plastic flow of the inner magnesium alloy and reduce deformation resistance. During the external spinning process, high-energy ultrasonic fields are simultaneously applied to the spinning wheel and the external spinning die 211 to achieve an integrated spinning forming of a mesh-like inner rib structure, ensuring the forming accuracy of the shell and thus producing a high-quality aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for forming an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, for machining magnesium alloy inner cylinders and aluminum alloy outer cylinders. The magnesium alloy inner cylinder and the aluminum alloy outer cylinder are machined to the preset dimensions. A step is machined at the first end of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder, and a threaded groove is machined on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder. S2, the magnesium alloy inner cylinder is assembled into the aluminum alloy outer cylinder, and the step at the first end of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder presses against the first end of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder to form an aluminum / magnesium assembly. S3, High-energy ultrasonic-assisted internal spinning forming of aluminum / magnesium composite shell The aluminum / magnesium assembly prepared in step S2 is mounted on an internal spinning press and spun into shape while being subjected to ultrasonic vibration. Step S3 includes: t1, clamp the second end of the aluminum / magnesium assembly onto the three-jaw chuck, so that the center line of the aluminum / magnesium assembly coincides with the center line of the spindle of the internal spinning press. After adjustment, position and clamp the aluminum / magnesium assembly. t2, start the internal spinning press, feed the spindle of the internal spinning press, the ultrasonic tool head drives the cylindrical rolling element I to spin the aluminum / magnesium assembly while performing ultrasonic vibration; the spinning deformation is 30%, and it is spun in one pass; the ultrasonic output power is 150W and the frequency is 20kHz. S4, High-energy ultrasonic-assisted external spin forming of aluminum / magnesium composite shell The aluminum / magnesium composite shell prepared in step S3 is mounted on an external spinning press and spun into shape. Ultrasonic vibration is simultaneously applied to both the inside and outside of the aluminum / magnesium composite shell. The surface of the external spinning press mandrel is provided with mesh grooves. Step S4 includes: t1, The aluminum / magnesium composite shell prepared in step S3 is fitted onto the outer spinning die and tightened by the tail top cover; t2, turn on the external spinning press and feed the three rollers of the external spinning press along the axial direction; ultrasonic vibration is performed simultaneously inside and outside the aluminum / magnesium composite shell through the core mold and rollers of the external spinning press; the spinning deformation is 30%, and the spinning is formed in one pass; the ultrasonic output power is 150W and the frequency is 20kHz. The external spinning press includes an external spinning press frame, a protective cover, an external spinning press main shaft, an external spinning press motor, a clamping and positioning device, an ultrasonic generator II, a transducer II, an amplitude transformer II, an external spinning press core mold, a tail top cover, a tail top, a hydraulic cylinder, spinning components, and a core mold cover; The protective cover is installed on the frame of the external spinning press; The main shaft, clamping positioner, transducer II, amplitude transformer II, external spinning press core mold, tail top cover, tail top, and spinning assembly of the external spinning press are all located inside the protective cover; The main shaft of the external rotary press is rotatably mounted on the protective cover and is driven to rotate by the external rotary press motor. The transducer II is mounted on the main shaft of the external spinning press via a clamping positioner, and its input end is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator II. The input end of the amplitude transformer II is connected to the output end of the transducer II; The input end of the external spinning press core mold is connected to the output end of the amplitude transformer II; The external spinning press main shaft, clamping positioner, transducer II, amplitude transformer II, and external spinning press core mold are coaxially arranged; The tail top is mounted on the protective cover and is coaxially arranged with the outer spinning press core mold. It is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to move axially, and the output end is equipped with a tail top cover. The external spinning press core mold includes a core mold and multiple segmented molds assembled outside the core mold; The multi-segmented mold includes narrow segmented molds and wide segmented molds, which are arranged alternately. The surface of the segmented mold is provided with mesh grooves; A core mold retaining ring is installed on the output end of the amplitude rod II, and the core mold retaining ring is sleeved on the outside of multiple segmented molds; The core mold cover presses against the output ends of multiple segmented molds, and cooperates with the core mold retaining ring to connect the segmented molds and the mold core into a whole.

2. The forming method of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal spinning press used in step S3 includes an internal spinning press frame, a fixed frame, a sliding frame, a three-jaw chuck, an internal spinning press spindle, an internal spinning press motor, a fixed ring, an ultrasonic generator I, a transducer I, an amplitude transformer I, an ultrasonic tool head, and a spinning head; The fixed frame and the sliding frame are arranged opposite to each other. The fixed frame is fixedly installed on the frame of the inner spinning press, and the sliding frame is slidably installed on the frame of the inner spinning press. The three-jaw chuck is mounted on a fixed frame; The main shaft of the internal spinning press is mounted on a sliding frame and coaxially arranged with the three-jaw chuck, and is driven to rotate by the internal spinning press motor. A retaining ring is installed inside the main shaft of the internal spinning press; The transducer I is mounted on the fixed ring and is coaxially arranged with the main shaft of the internal spinning press. Its input end is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator I. The input end of the amplitude transformer I is connected to the output end of the transducer I; The ultrasonic tool head passes through the main shaft of the internal rotary press, and its input end is connected to the output end of the amplitude transformer I. The spinning head includes a spinning head inner ring and a cylindrical rolling element I; The inner ring of the spinning head is a frustum-shaped structure, with the central hole connected to the output end of the ultrasonic tool head. The small end face faces the fixed frame, and the large end face faces the sliding frame. The cylindrical rolling element I is wrapped around the outer side of the inner ring of the spinning head, and its central axis is parallel to the outer wall of the inner ring of the spinning head.

3. The forming method of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output end of the ultrasonic tool head is provided with a tool thread; The inner ring of the spinning head is fitted onto the tool thread; The spinning head also includes a cage, which passes through the cylindrical rolling element I, and its two ends are respectively connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the spinning head and the tool thread; The tool thread is fitted with a washer and a lock nut to compress and retain the retainer.

4. The forming method of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The internal spinning press also includes an internal spinning press guide rail; The internal spinning press guide rail is mounted on the internal spinning press frame; The sliding frame is mounted on the guide rail of the internal spinning press; The internal spinning press is controlled by the internal spinning press electrical control cabinet.

5. The method for forming an aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The spinning assembly includes a spinning wheel support platform, a first spinning wheel support frame, a second spinning wheel support frame, a third spinning wheel support frame, a first spinning wheel transducer, a second spinning wheel transducer, a third spinning wheel transducer, a first spinning wheel amplitude rod, a second spinning wheel amplitude rod, a third spinning wheel amplitude rod, a first spinning wheel, a second spinning wheel, and a third spinning wheel; The rotary support platform is slidably mounted on the frame of the external rotary press; The first, second, and third swivel support frames are fixedly installed on the swivel support platform. The first, second, and third rotary transducers are respectively mounted on the first, second, and third rotary support frames, respectively. Their input ends are respectively connected to the output ends of the ultrasonic generator II, and their output ends are respectively connected to the input ends of the first, second, and third rotary amplitude transformers. The first, second, and third rotating wheels are respectively rotatably mounted on the output ends of the first, second, and third rotating wheel amplitude transformers, with the three rotating wheels at a 120° angle. o distributed.

6. The forming method of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The swivel wheel is rotatably mounted on the swivel wheel amplitude rod and is positioned and locked by the swivel wheel retaining ring and the swivel wheel nut; The wheel includes an inner ring and cylindrical rolling elements II; The inner ring of the rotary wheel has a frustum-shaped structure, with the central hole connected to the output end of the rotary wheel amplitude transformer. The small end face faces the outer rotary press main shaft, and the large end face faces the tail top.

7. The forming method of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The external spinning press also includes external spinning press guide rails and flanges; The guide rails of the external spinning press are mounted on the frame of the external spinning press; The spinning wheel support platform is mounted on the guide rail of the external spinning press; The flange is coaxially mounted with the main shaft of the external spinning press, the input end is connected to the clamping positioner, and the output end is equipped with a flange. Transducer II is located inside the flange; Amplifier II passes through the flange. The external spinning press is controlled by the external spinning press electrical control cabinet.

8. The forming method of the aluminum / magnesium layered composite shell with internal ribs and a three-dimensional interface structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the machining steps of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder are as follows: clamp the magnesium alloy inner cylinder on a lathe, turn the outer surface, the outer diameter is 100mm, the upper deviation is 0.05mm, the lower deviation is 0.15mm, and machine a step at the first end, the outer diameter is 115mm, and the thickness is 4mm. Machining of the inner wall of the magnesium alloy inner cylinder to an inner diameter of 94mm, with an upper deviation of 0.1mm and a lower deviation of 0mm; The machining steps for the aluminum alloy outer cylinder are as follows: clamp the aluminum alloy outer cylinder on the machine tool, turn the inner surface, the inner diameter is 100mm, the upper deviation is 0.1mm, and the lower deviation is 0. A threaded groove is machined on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy outer cylinder. The threaded groove depth is 0.2 mm, the thread pitch is 4 mm, and the bottom width of the threaded groove is 1 mm. In step S4, the external spinning press core mold is made of H13 steel.

Images