Fuse, Battery High-Voltage System and Vehicle

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a fuse, a battery high-voltage system, and a vehicle. The fuse includes a first trigger circuit and a second trigger circuit. The first trigger circuit includes a drive module and a first igniter. The first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit are connected in parallel, and the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit share the first igniter. By providing a reverse-blocking module between the first power supply terminal and the first igniter (or between the second power supply terminal and the first igniter) in the second trigger circuit, when a short circuit occurs in the second trigger circuit, the second trigger circuit fails, and the first trigger circuit is activated. The reverse-blocking module blocks the passage of the first drive voltage, and the current cannot pass through the reverse-blocking module and the short-circuit point, but can only pass through the first igniter. Thus, the first igniter is triggered, ensuring that the first trigger circuit can be effectively triggered and improving safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular, to a fuse, a battery high-voltage system, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the related art, the trigger circuit of an intelligent fuse includes a self-trigger circuit and a Battery Management System (BMS) trigger circuit. The BMS trigger circuit belongs to an external trigger circuit. The self-trigger circuit and the BMS trigger circuit are connected in parallel, and the self-trigger circuit and the BMS trigger circuit share the same igniter, and the igniter is connected in series in the trigger circuit. If a short circuit occurs in the BMS trigger circuit, when the BMS trigger circuit is triggered, the second drive voltage is input from the first power supply terminal, and the current flows directly back to the second power supply terminal through the short circuit point, and the current does not pass through the igniter, so the igniter is not triggered and the BMS trigger circuit fails; when the self-trigger circuit is started, due to the certain resistance of the igniter, the resistance between the short circuit points is almost zero, the first drive voltage is input to the self-trigger circuit, and the current also passes through the short circuit point instead of passing through the igniter, and the first igniter cannot be triggered, resulting in the failure of the self-trigger circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a fuse, a battery high-voltage system, and a vehicle.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a fuse, including:

[0005] A first trigger circuit, including a driving module and a first igniter connected in series; the driving module generates a first drive voltage in response to a short-circuit current in a high-voltage circuit to be monitored, and the first igniter is triggered in response to the first drive voltage;

[0006] A second trigger circuit, including a first power supply terminal, the first igniter, and a second power supply terminal connected in series in sequence; the first power supply terminal is used to input a second drive voltage, and the first igniter is triggered in response to the second drive voltage;

[0007] Wherein, the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit are connected in parallel, and the second trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit share the first igniter;

[0008] The second trigger circuit further includes: a reverse-blocking module; one end of the reverse-blocking module is electrically connected to one of the first power supply terminal and the second power supply terminal, and the other end is electrically connected to the first igniter; the reverse-blocking module allows the second drive voltage to pass through and blocks the first drive voltage from passing through.

[0009] Optionally, the reverse-blocking module includes at least two reverse-blocking units connected in parallel.

[0010] Optionally, each of the check valves includes at least one diode;

[0011] The anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first power supply terminal, and the cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the first igniter;

[0012] Alternatively, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the second power supply terminal, and the anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first igniter.

[0013] Optionally, the fuse further includes:

[0014] A protection module, connected in parallel with the first igniter, for controlling the voltage value across the first igniter to be less than or equal to a first voltage threshold, so that the current value passing through the first igniter is less than or equal to a first current threshold.

[0015] Optionally, the protection module includes a first transient suppression diode.

[0016] The drive module includes an isolation transformer and a fuse. The isolation transformer includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. The two ends of the fuse are respectively and correspondingly connected to the two ends of the primary coil, and the fuse is connected in series in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored. The two ends of the secondary coil are respectively and correspondingly connected to the two ends of the first igniter; the fuse melts in response to a short-circuit current in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored and generates a first drive voltage, and the first drive voltage is transmitted to the first igniter through the isolation transformer, and the first igniter is triggered in response to the first drive voltage.

[0017] Optionally, the fuse further includes:

[0018] A third trigger circuit; the two ends of the third trigger circuit are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected to the two ends of the primary coil, and the third trigger circuit is used to be triggered when the isolation transformer fails and cannot trigger the first trigger circuit;

[0019] The third trigger circuit includes a second igniter and a switch module connected in series;

[0020] Wherein, when the voltage across the fuse is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold, the switch module conducts the third trigger circuit, so that the second igniter is triggered.

[0021] Optionally, the switch module includes a second transient suppression diode.

[0022] Optionally, the third trigger circuit further includes: a current limiting element;

[0023] The current-limiting element is connected in series with the second igniter, and has the functions of current limiting and voltage division, so that the current value passing through the second igniter is less than or equal to the second current threshold.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides a battery high-voltage system, including: any one of the above fuses.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present disclosure also provides a vehicle, including: the above battery high-voltage system.

[0026] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0027] In the technical solution provided by the present disclosure, a reverse-blocking module is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first igniter (or between the second power supply terminal and the first igniter) in the second trigger circuit. When the second trigger circuit does not short-circuit, the second trigger circuit is started, the first drive voltage is input from the first power supply terminal, the reverse-blocking module allows the second drive voltage to pass through, the second trigger circuit is turned on, the current passes through the first igniter, and the first igniter is triggered, so that the second trigger circuit is effectively triggered; when the second trigger circuit short-circuits, the second trigger circuit fails, the first trigger circuit is started, the reverse-blocking module blocks the first drive voltage from passing through, the current cannot pass through the reverse-blocking module and the short-circuit point, and can only pass through the first igniter, so that the first igniter is triggered, ensuring that the first trigger circuit can be effectively triggered and improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and form a part of the specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a fuse provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2 For Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current flow direction when the first trigger circuit of the shown fuse is triggered;

[0032] Figure 3 For Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current flow direction when the second trigger circuit of the shown fuse is triggered;

[0033] Figure 4 ForFigure 1 Schematic diagram of current flow when the second trigger circuit of the fuse shown is short-circuited and the first trigger circuit is triggered;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the structure of yet another fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 19 is Figure 18 Schematic diagram of current flow when the second trigger circuit of the fuse shown is short-circuited and the first trigger circuit is triggered. Specific Embodiments

[0049] In order to more clearly understand the above objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure, the solutions of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0050] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments.

[0051] The fuse, battery high-voltage system, and vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example.

[0052] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of a fuse provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to Figure 1 , the fuse includes: a first trigger circuit and a second trigger circuit. The first trigger circuit is a self-triggering circuit and adopts a passive trigger mode. For example, when a short circuit causes a sharp increase in the current in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored, the short-circuit current triggers the start of the first trigger circuit. After the first trigger circuit is triggered, the high-voltage circuit to be monitored is cut off. The second trigger circuit is an external trigger circuit and adopts an active trigger mode. When the Battery Management System (BMS) determines to start the second trigger circuit, a driving voltage is transmitted to the second trigger circuit to trigger the start of the second trigger circuit. The second trigger circuit is also called the BMS trigger circuit. The situations where it is determined that the second trigger circuit needs to be started include but are not limited to overcurrent, overheating, and collision.

[0053] Exemplarily, as Figure 2 shown, the dashed arrow indicates the current direction when the first trigger circuit is triggered. The first trigger circuit includes a driving module 1 and a first igniter 2; the driving module 1 generates a first driving voltage in response to the short-circuit current in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored, and the first igniter 2 is triggered in response to the first driving voltage.

[0054] Exemplarily, as Figure 3As shown, the dashed arrow indicates the current direction when the second trigger circuit is triggered. The second trigger circuit includes a first power supply terminal a, a reverse-stop module 3, a first igniter 2, and a second power supply terminal b connected in series in sequence. Specifically: The first power supply terminal a is electrically connected to the first end e of the reverse-stop module 3, the second end f of the reverse-stop module 3 is electrically connected to one end of the first igniter 2, the other end of the first igniter 2 is electrically connected to the second power supply terminal b, and the first power supply terminal a and the second power supply terminal b are electrically connected to the BMS. When the BMS determines to start the second trigger circuit, it supplies power to the second trigger circuit. The first power supply terminal a is used to input the second driving voltage. The second driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2 through the reverse-stop module 3, and the first igniter 2 is triggered in response to the second driving voltage. Among them, the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit are connected in parallel, and the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit share the first igniter 2. The first igniter 2 refers to the igniter in a Micro Gas Generator (MGG) or a pyrotechnic circuit breaker. The igniter includes fuel (such as gunpowder or pulverized coal), which provides sufficient energy to ignite the fuel instantaneously when current passes through the igniter, thereby cutting off the high-voltage circuit.

[0055] Among them, the reverse-stop module 3 has the characteristics of forward conduction and reverse cut-off. Specifically: As Figure 3 shown, the second driving voltage is input from the first end e of the reverse-stop module 3, which is a forward input. The reverse-stop module 3 allows the second driving voltage to pass through, and the current can pass through the reverse-stop module 3, thereby triggering the first igniter 2; the first driving voltage is input from the second end f of the reverse-stop module 3, which is a reverse input. The reverse-stop module 3 cuts off the first driving voltage from passing through, and the current cannot pass through the reverse-stop module 3.

[0056] Exemplarily, as Figure 4 shown, when the second trigger circuit has a short circuit, the second driving voltage is input from the first power supply terminal a, flows back to the second power supply terminal b through the short-circuit points c and d, the current does not pass through the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 will not be triggered, and the second trigger circuit fails. In this case, when triggering the first trigger circuit, the first driving voltage is input from the driving module 1 to the first trigger circuit. The first driving voltage is input from the second end f of the reverse-stop module 3. The reverse-stop module 3 cuts off the first driving voltage from passing through, and the current cannot pass through the reverse-stop module 3, that is, the current will not pass through the short-circuit points c and d. The current can only pass through the first igniter 2 and flow back to the driving module 1, and the first igniter 2 is triggered, so that the first trigger circuit can be effectively triggered, improving safety.

[0057] Exemplarily, as Figure 5As shown, the check module 3 can also be located between the first igniter 2 and the second power supply terminal b. Specifically: one end e of the check module 3 is electrically connected to one end of the first igniter 2, and the other end f is electrically connected to the second power supply terminal b. When the second trigger circuit is short-circuited, the second driving voltage is input from the first power supply terminal a, flows back to the second power supply terminal b through the short-circuit points c and d, and the current does not pass through the first igniter 2, so the first igniter 2 will not be triggered and the second trigger circuit fails. In this case, when the first trigger circuit is triggered, the first driving voltage is input from the driving module 1 to the first trigger circuit, and the first driving voltage is input from the second end f of the check module 3. The check module 3 cuts off the passage of the first driving voltage, and the current cannot pass through the check module 3, that is, the current will not pass through the short-circuit points c and d. The current can only flow back to the driving module 1 through the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 is triggered, so that the first trigger circuit can be effectively triggered, improving safety.

[0058] It should be noted that the current direction of the circuit between the first power supply terminal a and the first igniter 2 is the first direction, and the current direction of the circuit between the first igniter 2 and the second power supply terminal b is the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are opposite. When the check module 2 is connected between the first power supply terminal a and the first igniter 2, the first end e (i.e., the input end) of the check module 1 is electrically connected to the first power supply terminal a, and the second end f (i.e., the output end) is electrically connected to the first igniter 2. When the check module 2 is connected between the second power supply terminal b and the first igniter 2, the first end e (i.e., the input end) of the check module 1 is electrically connected to the first igniter 2, and the second end f (i.e., the output end) is electrically connected to the second power supply terminal b.

[0059] The fuse provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first trigger circuit, including a driving module 1 and a first igniter 2; the driving module 1 generates a first driving voltage in response to a short-circuit current, and the first igniter 2 is triggered in response to the first driving voltage; a second trigger circuit, including a first power supply terminal a, a check module 3, a first igniter 2, and a second power supply terminal b connected in series in sequence; the first power supply terminal a is used to input a second driving voltage, the second driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2 through the check module 3, and the first igniter 2 is triggered in response to the second driving voltage; wherein, the second driving voltage is input from the first end e of the check module 3, the check module 3 is in a conducting state, the first driving voltage is input from the second end f of the check module 3, and the check module 3 is in a cut-off state. Thus, by arranging the check module 3 between the first power supply terminal a and the first igniter 2 in the second trigger circuit, when the second trigger circuit is short-circuited, the first trigger circuit is started, the first driving voltage is input from the second end f of the check module 3, the check module 3 is in a cut-off state, the first driving voltage cannot pass through the check module 3, and the first driving voltage can only pass through the first igniter 2, so that the first igniter 3 is triggered, ensuring that the first trigger circuit can be effectively triggered and improving safety.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 shown, in this fuse, the reverse-stop module 3 includes at least two parallel-connected reverse-stop units 31.

[0061] With such an arrangement, by redundantly arranging the reverse-stop units 31, the reliability of the fuse is improved.

[0062] The embodiments of the present disclosure do not intend to limit the number of the reverse-stop units 31, which can be flexibly set according to requirements. For example, three or more reverse-stop units 31 are arranged in parallel.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 shown, each reverse-stop unit 31 includes at least one diode. The anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first power supply terminal a, and the cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the first igniter 2.

[0064] In this embodiment, by utilizing the characteristic that the diode conducts in the forward direction (current flows from the anode to the cathode) and shuts off in the reverse direction (current flows from the cathode to the anode), the diode is connected in series between the first power supply terminal a and the first igniter 2. The anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first power supply terminal a, and the cathode is electrically connected to the first igniter 2.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 shown, each reverse-stop unit 31 includes at least one diode. The cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the second power supply terminal b, and the anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first igniter 2.

[0066] It should be noted that Figure 7 and 8 only exemplarily show that each reverse-stop unit 31 includes one diode, but it does not constitute a limitation on the fuse provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, each reverse-stop unit 31 may include two or more series-connected diodes, which is not limited herein.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 shown, this fuse further includes: a protection module 4, the protection module 4 is connected in parallel with the first igniter 1, and the protection module 4 is used to control the voltage value across the first igniter 2 to be less than or equal to a first voltage threshold, so that the current value passing through the first igniter 2 is less than or equal to a first current threshold.

[0068] Among them, if the current value passing through the first igniter 2 is greater than the first current threshold, there is a risk that the first igniter 2 cannot be triggered. Therefore, it is necessary to control the current value passing through the first igniter 2 to be less than or equal to the first current threshold.

[0069] The protection module 4 is connected in parallel with the first igniter 2, and the voltage across the protection module 4 is equal to the voltage across the first igniter 2. When the two ends of the protection module 4 are subjected to a transient high voltage, it can reduce its own impedance at a very fast speed, absorb a surge power of up to several kilowatts, and clamp the voltage between its two ends at the first voltage threshold and below, so that the current value passing through the first igniter 2 is less than or equal to the first current threshold, reducing the risk that the first igniter 2 is not triggered.

[0070] Exemplarily, the resistance value of the first igniter 2 is about 2 Ω, and the protection module 4 can limit the voltage across its two ends not to exceed 40 V (i.e., the first voltage threshold), ensuring that the current value passing through the first igniter does not exceed 40 A (i.e., the first current threshold).

[0071] It should be noted that this embodiment only exemplarily shows that the first voltage threshold is 40 V, but does not constitute a limitation on the fuse provided in the disclosed embodiment. In other embodiments, the first voltage threshold can be set according to requirements, and the protection module 4 can be selected according to the first voltage threshold.

[0072] In some embodiments, as Figure 10 shown, the protection module 4 includes a first transient voltage suppression diode TVS1.

[0073] Among them, the first transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 is a high-performance protection device in the form of a diode. When the two poles of the first transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 are subjected to a reverse transient high-energy impact, it can change the high impedance between its two poles into a low impedance at a speed of the order of 10- 12 seconds, absorb a surge power of up to several kilowatts, and clamp the voltage between its two poles at the first voltage threshold and below, so that the current value passing through the first igniter 2 is less than or equal to the first current threshold, reducing the risk that the first igniter 2 is not triggered.

[0074] In some embodiments, as Figure 11 - 16 shown in any figure, the driving module 1 includes an isolation transformer L and a fuse R1. The isolation transformer L includes a primary coil L1 and a secondary coil L2. The two ends of the fuse R1 are respectively connected to the two ends of the primary coil L1 in one-to-one correspondence, and the fuse R1 is connected in series in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored. The two ends of the secondary coil L2 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first igniter 2 in one-to-one correspondence; the fuse R1 fuses in response to the short-circuit current in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored and generates a first driving voltage. The first driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2 through the isolation transformer L, and the first igniter 2 is triggered in response to the first driving voltage.

[0075] Among them, the fuse R1 is connected in series to a high-voltage circuit to be monitored (not shown in the figure). When a short-circuit current appears in the high-voltage circuit, the fuse R1 fuses and arcs, and the voltage across the fuse rises, thereby generating a first driving voltage. The first driving voltage is transformed into a target driving voltage through the isolation transformer L, and this target driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 is triggered.

[0076] The ratio of the first driving voltage to the target driving voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the primary coil to the number of turns of the secondary coil, that is, U1 / U2 = N1 / N2, where U1 represents the first driving voltage, U2 is equal to the target voltage, N1 represents the number of turns of the primary coil, and N2 represents the number of turns of the secondary coil.

[0077] The fuse R1 is located in the high-voltage circuit, and the second trigger circuit is located in the low-voltage circuit. The isolation transformer L is high-voltage resistant and is used to isolate the low-voltage circuit and the high-voltage circuit, improving safety.

[0078] In some embodiments, as Figure 17 shown, the fuse further includes: a third trigger circuit; both ends of the third trigger circuit are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected to both ends of the primary coil L1, and the third trigger circuit is used to be triggered when the isolation transformer L fails and cannot trigger the first trigger circuit.

[0079] In this embodiment, the third trigger circuit also belongs to a self-triggering circuit and is a backup trigger circuit for the first trigger circuit. When the isolation transformer L and the corresponding circuit are damaged and cannot trigger the first trigger circuit, the third trigger circuit is triggered, thereby cutting off the high-voltage circuit.

[0080] In some embodiments, as Figure 17 shown, the third trigger circuit includes a second igniter 5 and a switch module 6 connected in series.

[0081] Among them, both ends of the fuse R1 are respectively and correspondingly connected to both ends of the primary coil L1, and both ends of the third trigger circuit are also respectively and correspondingly connected to both ends of the primary coil L1. It is equivalent to the fuse R1 being connected in parallel with the third trigger circuit, and the voltage across the fuse R1 is equal to the driving voltage of the third trigger circuit.

[0082] When the isolation transformer L and the corresponding circuit are damaged and cannot trigger the first trigger circuit, the first igniter 2 cannot be triggered, and thus the high-voltage circuit cannot be cut off. The voltage across the fuse R1 continues to rise. When the voltage across the fuse R1 is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold, the switch module 6 conducts the third trigger circuit, and current passes through the second igniter 5, causing the second igniter 5 to be triggered, thereby cutting off the high-voltage circuit. When the voltage across the fuse R1 is less than the second voltage threshold, the switch module 6 is in the off state, and the second igniter 5 will not be triggered.

[0083] The second voltage threshold is greater than the voltage value across the fuse R1 when triggering the first trigger circuit (i.e., the first drive voltage). When the isolation transformer L is fault-free, the short-circuit current causes the fuse R1 to melt and arc, and the voltage across the fuse rises, thereby generating the first drive voltage. The first drive voltage is less than the second voltage threshold. The first drive voltage is converted into the target drive voltage through the isolation transformer L, and the target drive voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 is triggered. At this time, the voltage value across the fuse R1 does not reach the second voltage threshold, and the switch module 6 is in the off state, and the second igniter 5 will not be triggered.

[0084] Exemplarily, when the voltage across the fuse R1 is greater than or equal to 50V (i.e., the second voltage threshold), the switch module 6 is in the on state, and current passes through the second igniter 5, and the second igniter 5 is triggered, thereby cutting off the high-voltage circuit.

[0085] In some embodiments, such as Figure 18 or as shown in FIG. 19, the switch module 6 includes a second transient voltage suppression diode TVS2.

[0086] In this embodiment, the function of the second transient voltage suppression diode TVS2 is to switch. When the voltage value across the fuse R1 is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold, the second transient voltage suppression diode TVS2 conducts, and current passes through the second igniter 5, and the second igniter 5 is triggered, thereby cutting off the high-voltage circuit.

[0087] In some embodiments, such as Figure 17 shown, the third trigger circuit further includes: a current-limiting element 7; the current-limiting element 7 is connected in series with the second igniter 5, and the current-limiting element 7 has the functions of current-limiting and voltage-dividing, so that the current value passing through the second igniter 5 is less than or equal to the second current threshold.

[0088] Among them, since there is a risk that the second igniter 5 cannot be triggered when the current value passing through the second igniter 5 is greater than the second voltage threshold, by connecting the current-limiting element 7 in series in the third trigger circuit, the current-limiting element 7 has the functions of current-limiting and voltage-dividing, increasing the resistance value of the third trigger circuit, and at the same time reducing the voltage value across the second igniter 5 to reduce the current value in the third trigger circuit, so that the current value passing through the second igniter 5 is less than or equal to the second current threshold, reducing the risk that the second igniter cannot be effectively triggered.

[0089] The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the type of the current-limiting element 7, including all devices with current-reducing functions known to those skilled in the art. For example, current limiters, voltage reducers, resistors, coils, etc. Exemplarily, the resistance value of the second igniter 5 is about 2Ω, the resistance value of the current-limiting element 7 is about 50Ω, and the second voltage threshold is 50V, ensuring that the current passing through the second igniter 5 does not exceed 40A (i.e., the second current threshold).

[0090] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the second voltage threshold is only exemplarily shown as 50V, but it does not constitute a limitation on the fuse provided in the disclosed embodiment. In other embodiments, the second voltage threshold can be set according to requirements, and the switching module 6 can be selected according to the second voltage threshold.

[0091] In some embodiments, such as Figure 18 or as shown in FIG. 19, in this fuse, the current-limiting element 7 includes a current-limiting resistor R2.

[0092] As Figure 18 shown, the triggering principle of the first trigger circuit: The fuse R1 is connected in series in the high-voltage circuit (not shown in the figure). When a short-circuit current appears in the high-voltage circuit, the fuse R1 melts and arcs, and the voltage across the fuse rises, thereby generating a driving voltage. The driving voltage is transformed into a first driving voltage through the isolation transformer L, and the first driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 is triggered; The first transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1 is connected in parallel with the first igniter 2. The first transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1 limits the voltage across the first igniter 2 not to exceed the first voltage threshold, ensuring that the current value passing through the first igniter 2 is less than or equal to the first current threshold. At this time, the voltage value across the fuse R1 is less than the second voltage threshold and does not reach the conduction voltage of the second transient voltage suppressor diode TVS2, and the second transient voltage suppressor diode TVS2 is in the off state, and the second igniter 5 will not be triggered.

[0093] As Figure 18 shown, the triggering principle of the second trigger circuit: When the BMS determines that the second trigger circuit needs to be triggered, it supplies power to the second trigger circuit. The second driving voltage is input into the second trigger circuit from the first power supply terminal a. The second driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2 through the diode, and the first igniter 2 is triggered.

[0094] As Figure 19 shown, when a short circuit occurs in the second trigger circuit, when the first trigger circuit is started, if there is no diode, the first driving voltage will pass through the short-circuit points c and d and will not pass through the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 will not be triggered, resulting in the failure of the first trigger circuit. After adding the diode, due to the reverse non-conducting characteristic of the diode, the first driving voltage cannot pass through the diode, nor can it pass through the short-circuit points c and d. The first driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter 2, and there is current passing through the first igniter 2, and the first igniter 2 is triggered.

[0095] As Figure 18As shown in FIGS. 18 or 19, when the isolation transformer L and the corresponding circuit are damaged and the first trigger cannot be triggered, since the first igniter 2 cannot be triggered, the high-voltage circuit cannot be cut off, and the voltage across the fuse R1 continues to rise. When the voltage rises to the second voltage threshold, the second transient voltage suppressor diode TVS2 conducts, and the second igniter 5 is triggered to cut off the high-voltage circuit.

[0096] In some embodiments, since the first igniter is shared by the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit, the BMS precisely monitors the resistance value of the first igniter 2. When it detects that the resistance value exceeds the resistance threshold range, it generates and sends a prompt message to the user to remind the user to replace the first igniter 2.

[0097] Among them, in the normal state, the resistance value R range of the first igniter 2 is 1.7V ≤ R ≤ 2.3V (i.e., the resistance threshold range). When it is detected that the resistance value R of the first igniter is R > 2.3V or R < 1.7V, it indicates that the resistance value of the first igniter 2 is abnormal and needs to be replaced. The BMS generates and sends a prompt message to the user to remind the user to replace the first igniter 2, improving the triggering reliability of the fuse.

[0098] On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a battery high-voltage system, which includes: any one of the above fuses, having corresponding beneficial effects. To avoid repeated description, it will not be elaborated here.

[0099] On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a vehicle, which includes: the above battery high-voltage system, having corresponding beneficial effects. To avoid repeated description, it will not be elaborated here.

[0100] Among them, the vehicle includes a pure electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle.

[0101] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0102] The above are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to these embodiments described herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fuse, characterized in that: include: A first trigger circuit includes a driving module and a first igniter connected in series; The driving module generates a first driving voltage in response to a short-circuit current in a high-voltage circuit to be monitored, and the first igniter is triggered in response to the first driving voltage; The second trigger circuit includes a first power supply terminal, the first igniter, and a second power supply terminal connected in series in sequence; the first power supply terminal is used to input a second driving voltage, and the first igniter is triggered in response to the second driving voltage; Wherein, the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit are connected in parallel, and the first trigger circuit and the second trigger circuit share the first igniter; The second trigger circuit further includes: a check module, one end of which is electrically connected to one of the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the first igniter; the check module allows the second driving voltage to pass through and blocks the first driving voltage from passing through; The non-return module includes a non-return unit, and the non-return unit includes at least one diode; The anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first power supply end, and the cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the first igniter; Alternatively, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the second power supply end, and the anode of the diode is electrically connected to the first igniter.

2. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that The non-return module includes at least two non-return units connected in parallel.

3. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: The protection module is connected in parallel with the first igniter and is used to control the voltage value across the first igniter to be less than or equal to a first voltage threshold, so that the current value passing through the first igniter is less than or equal to a first current threshold.

4. The fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that The protection module includes a first transient voltage suppressor diode.

5. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The driving module includes an isolation transformer and a fuse, the isolation transformer includes a primary coil and a secondary coil, two ends of the fuse are connected to the two ends of the primary coil in a one-to-one correspondence, and the fuse is connected in series in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored, and the two ends of the secondary coil are connected to the two ends of the first igniter in a one-to-one correspondence; the fuse blows in response to the short-circuit current in the high-voltage circuit to be monitored, and generates a first driving voltage, the first driving voltage is transmitted to the first igniter through the isolation transformer, and the first igniter is triggered in response to the first driving voltage.

6. The fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that Also includes: A third trigger circuit; two ends of the third trigger circuit are electrically connected to two ends of the primary coil in a one-to-one correspondence, and the third trigger circuit is used to be triggered when the isolation transformer fails and the first trigger circuit cannot be triggered; The third trigger circuit includes a second igniter and a switch module connected in series; When the voltage across the fuse is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold, the switch module turns on the third trigger circuit, so that the second igniter is triggered.

7. The fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that The switch module includes a second transient voltage suppressor diode.

8. The fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that The third trigger circuit further includes: a current limiting element; The current limiting element is connected in series with the second igniter, and has the functions of current limiting and voltage dividing, so that the current value passing through the second igniter is less than or equal to the second current threshold.

9. A battery high voltage system, characterized in that: include: A fuse as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: A battery high voltage system as claimed in claim 9.

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