A plant-derived composition for preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis

Abstract

The application discloses a plant source composition which is composed of eucalyptus leaf essential oil, eugenol essential oil and apigenin, and discloses a preparation method of the composition and application of the composition in resisting chicken coccidiosis, and belongs to the field of disease prevention and treatment of poultry and livestock and feed additive. The composition can resist Eimeria tenella, and has a promoting effect on the growth performance of chickens, is a new type of feed additive with small toxic and side effects and good insecticidal effect, has low production cost and good stability, and has great application prospect in the aspect of coccidiosis resistance of poultry.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a plant source composition for preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis, and belongs to the field of poultry disease prevention and feed additives. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chicken coccidiosis is extremely harmful to the poultry industry, so a large amount of funds has been invested in prevention and control at home and abroad. At present, the main measure to prevent and control chicken coccidiosis is to add anticoccidial drugs in feed. However, the problem of veterinary drug residues will endanger the health of consumers. Therefore, researchers are faced with the challenge of finding safe and effective alternatives. Plant source compositions as a possible alternative have become a research hotspot, which can not only effectively prevent and control chicken coccidiosis, but also improve the growth performance of chicken flock, such as daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion rate. Therefore, plant source compositions are expected to become a potential antibiotic alternative for preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis.

[0003] At present, the anticoccidial effect of plant source feed additives at home and abroad is not clear, and many biological safety problems caused thereby, especially traditional Chinese herbal medicines, not only have complex preparation process, but also have more prominent safety problems. According to the Guide for Target Animal Safety Test of Veterinary Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, the doses of 1 times, 3 times and 6 times of the recommended dose of the effective components of plant source compositions are safe to the host body, so that the plant source compositions can be truly safely and efficiently applied to clinical practice.

[0004] CN108403796A uses Artemisia annua, Clidemia hirta, Pulsatilla chinensis and Astragalus membranaceus and other Chinese herbal medicines with antidiarrheal and antimalarial effects to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid preparation with anticoccidial effect, but the steps of extracting effective components are complex and the components may be unstable; for example, CN101175532A uses salinomycin and other antibiotics and carvol and other essential oils in combination to have good effects on parasites and antimalarial, but it cannot avoid safety problems such as veterinary drug residues.

[0005] Therefore, the present application aims at the defects of the prior art that the effective coccidiocidal components are complex and the actual use value is low, and develops a plant source anticoccidial composition for chickens with little toxic and side effects and good insecticidal effect. Meanwhile, the present application also overcomes the defects of the prior art that the preparation method of the anticoccidial feed additive for chickens is complex, the cost is high, and the environmental pollution is large, and has great application prospect in poultry anticoccidial feeding. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a plant source composition that can resist Eimeria tenella and can be used for preventing and treating chicken coccidiosis, and also provides a preparation method of the composition and applications thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the following specific solutions are used in the present application:

[0008] A plant-derived composition for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, the composition comprising eucalyptus oil, eugenol oil and apigenin.

[0009] Preferably, the weight ratio of the three components, eucalyptus oil, eugenol oil and apigenin, is 1:(0.5-5):(0.5-5).

[0010] More preferably, the weight ratio of the three components, eucalyptus oil, eugenol oil, and apigenin, is 1:1:1.

[0011] The plant-derived composition provided by this invention can resist Eimeria tenella and also promote the growth performance of chickens, so it can be used to prepare feed additives for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens.

[0012] The present invention further provides a feed additive for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, wherein the additive contains the above-described plant-derived composition.

[0013] The present invention further provides a method for preparing the feed additive, the method comprising: mixing eucalyptus oil and eugenol oil evenly to obtain an essential oil mixture; dissolving apigenin in a solvent and adding it to the above essential oil mixture and mixing evenly; and finally adding a small amount of surfactant.

[0014] The solvent is propylene glycol, and the surfactant is Tween 20.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] 1) The plant-derived composition provided by this invention, when mixed into feed, can significantly improve feed conversion rate and effectively control coccidiosis in chickens. Eucalyptus oil has extremely high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, enhancing the host's immunity. Furthermore, eucalyptus oil contains compounds such as 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene, which can destroy the sporozoite DNA of chicken coccidia to exert an insecticidal effect, while remaining safe for host cells. Eugenol oil also has extremely high anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing activity. Studies have shown that eugenol oil has a strong destructive effect on the cell wall and cell membrane of chicken coccidia sporozoites, lysing the cell membrane and increasing cell permeability, thereby promoting the insecticidal effect of other drugs on the sporozoites. Apigenin is a plant flavonoid with various biological activities such as antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It can reduce oxidative stress, enhance liver detoxification, improve animal appetite, and promote growth. The three components work synergistically to exert multi-target coccidial killing effects and promote animal growth. This composition has a good coccidial killing effect and is less likely to produce drug-resistant coccidial strains.

[0017] 2) High safety: All raw materials used in this invention are derived from natural plants, which are non-toxic to chicken intestines or organ cells and have no veterinary drug residues. Even when using high doses, they still have extremely high safety for chickens.

[0018] 3) Good stability: The present invention utilizes Tween 20 and propylene glycol to form an emulsion system. This system has good stability and greatly reduces the volatilization of plant essential oils, thereby maximizing the efficacy against chicken coccidiosis.

[0019] 4) It is inexpensive and extremely easy to operate, effectively reducing economic costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 The changes in blood routine of animals in each group after 7 days of administration of the additive are shown.

[0021] Figure 2 The changes in blood routine tests of animals in each group 14 days after administration of the additive.

[0022] Figure 3 The changes in serum biochemical parameters of animals in each group after 7 days of additive administration are shown.

[0023] Figure 4 The changes in serum biochemical indicators of animals in each group after 14 days of administration of the additive are shown.

[0024] Figure 5 This represents the changes in organ coefficients of animals in each group 7 days after the administration of the additive.

[0025] Figure 6 This represents the changes in organ coefficients of animals in each group 14 days after the administration of the additive. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0027] Example 1: Preparation of plant-derived composition for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens

[0028] Formula: Eucalyptus leaf essential oil 0.20 kg; Eugenol essential oil 0.20 kg; Apigenin 0.20 kg

[0029] Preparation: Mix 0.20 kg of eucalyptus essential oil and 0.20 kg of eugenol essential oil evenly to obtain an essential oil mixture; dissolve 0.20 kg of apigenin in propylene glycol and add it to the above essential oil mixture and mix well; finally, add a small amount of Tween 20 and mix well to make an emulsion.

[0030] Example 2: Efficacy evaluation of the composition in preventing and treating coccidiosis in chickens

[0031] Eugenol, eucalyptus oil, essential oil mixture, combination, and apigenin were evaluated for their anti-coccidial effects in chickens. 0-day-old Kobo 500 chickens were raised in a coccidial-free environment. At 13 days of age, each additive was mixed into the chicken feed at a dosage of 0.60 g / kg of feed. At 14 days of age, newly revived and enlarged Eimeria tenella were examined under a microscope and counted using a McMaster counting chamber. The coccidia suspension was then adjusted to 50,000 cells / mL. Each chicken was administered 1 mL of oocysts via gavage after tongue compression. On day 8 post-infection, fecal samples were collected for oocyst count (OPG). On day 8, chickens in each group were euthanized, and their cecums and contents were collected. The cecal contents were counted using a hemocytometer, and the results were combined with the previous OPG data to calculate the total oocyst production for each group. The oocyst index (OI) was then calculated based on the ratio of the total oocyst production in each group to that in the infected control group. Cecum samples were collected for visual pathological changes, and the cecal lesion score (LI) was recorded and tallied. The relative weight gain (rBWG) for each group was used. The anticoccidial index (ACI) was then calculated to evaluate the anticoccidial efficacy. ACI = (Relative Weight Gain + Survival Rate) - (Lesion Index + Oocyst Index). ACI evaluation criteria: The efficacy of the anticoccidial additive was determined based on the ACI. An ACI < 120 indicates ineffectiveness; an ACI of 120–160 indicates moderate effectiveness; an ACI of 160–180 indicates good effectiveness; and an ACI > 180 indicates excellent effectiveness. See Table 1 for the anticoccidiosis efficacy in chickens.

[0032] Table 1: Evaluation Tests of the Anticoccidial Efficacy of Plant-Derived Compositions

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Example 3: Safety evaluation of the composition

[0036] Newborn Cobo 500 chickens were raised in a coccidiosis-free environment at 0 days of age. At 13 days of age, the product prepared in Example 1 was mixed into chicken feed at 1, 3, and 6 times the recommended dose (RD), respectively. Whole blood was collected from chickens at 21 and 28 days of age for routine blood tests, including WBC (white blood cell count), RBC (red blood cell count), HGB (hemoglobin concentration), HCT (hematocrit), and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration). The results are shown in the table below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Simultaneously, serum samples were collected for the detection of biochemical indicators including ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), TBIL (total bilirubin), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), CREA (creatinine), and TP (total protein). The results are shown below. Figure 3 and Figure 4In addition, body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the results are shown in Table 2. After euthanasia, the chickens were dissected, and the center of gravity, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys were weighed. The organ coefficients were calculated using the formula ROW = OW / BW × 100, and the results are shown in Table 2. Figure 5 and Figure 6 .

[0037] Table 2: FCR and BWG of each group after 7 and 14 days of application of plant-derived composition

[0038]

[0039] In conclusion, adding the plant-derived composition formulated in this invention to chicken feed can effectively improve the anti-coccidiosis index (ACI), increase the relative weight gain rate of chickens, reduce the amount of oocysts excreted, and improve the cecal lesion score. Moreover, safety dose gradient experiments conducted at 1, 3, and 6 times the recommended dosage showed that the composition is safe and non-toxic to chickens. Therefore, this composition is considered a plant-derived composition with anti-coccidiosis effects.

Claims

1. The application of a plant-derived composition in the preparation of a feed additive for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, characterized in that: The composition consists of three components: eucalyptus oil, eugenol oil, and apigenin, in a weight ratio of 1:1:

1.

2. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the feed additive includes the following steps: mixing eucalyptus oil and eugenol oil evenly to obtain an essential oil mixture; dissolving apigenin in a solvent and adding it to the above essential oil mixture and mixing evenly; and finally adding a small amount of surfactant.

3. The application as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The solvent is propylene glycol.

4. The application as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The surfactant is Tween 20.

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