Processing system and processing method for coaxial hole of long-axis workpiece

Abstract

The present application relates to a long-axis workpiece coaxial hole processing system and processing method, belongs to the technical field of shaft parts processing, the processing method comprises the following steps: the workpiece is clamped on the adjustable positioning base, the contour scanning unit obtains the shape contour data information of the workpiece and uploads to the processing simulation model to draw the shape contour sample line corresponding to the workpiece, then the measurement module measures the coaxiality deviation of the workpiece and calculates the processing error compensation parameters of the workpiece; then the error compensation module forms the coaxiality deviation compensation control instruction to control the adjustable positioning base to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece and the machining head of the machine tool, until the center line of the workpiece and the horizontal straight line feeding path of the machining head of the machine tool are on the same axis, the adjustable positioning base is designed to assist clamping the workpiece, not only eliminates the processing error of the workpiece, but also eliminates the installation error of the workpiece, further reduces the coaxiality error of the hole processed on the workpiece, and improves the processing precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system and method for machining coaxial holes in long shaft workpieces, belonging to the field of shaft parts machining technology. Background Technology

[0002] In order to ensure the transmission of mechanical power and the stable support in the mechanical structure, some equipment often uses long shaft workpieces. In order to meet the processing requirements, it is necessary to precisely control the coaxiality and other parameters of the coaxial holes on the long shaft workpieces. That is, the coaxiality error range of the coaxial holes cannot exceed 0.05mm.

[0003] Currently, the common method for machining coaxial holes on long-shaft workpieces is to machine the coaxial hole along its axial direction on the end face of the long-shaft workpiece using a machine tool. During this machining process, because the axial dimension of the long-shaft workpiece is relatively long, when only one end is clamped on the three-jaw chuck of the machine tool for fixation, machining errors occur due to workpiece shaking during the machining process. Furthermore, manual clamping cannot guarantee the installation accuracy of the workpiece, which will cause the center axis of the workpiece to not coincide with the center line of the three-jaw chuck and the machining head, easily resulting in installation errors, which further increases the coaxiality error of the machined hole on the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a system and method for machining coaxial holes on long shaft workpieces, which solves the problem of large coaxial hole errors in the existing machining process of coaxial holes on long shaft workpieces.

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention proposes the following specific solutions:

[0006] A method for machining coaxial holes in a long shaft workpiece, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece on the adjustable positioning base, and insert one end of the workpiece into the central axis of the three-jaw chuck of the machine tool. Obtain the outline data information of the workpiece through the contour scanning unit.

[0008] S2. A three-dimensional spatial coordinate system is set up with the initial position of the machining head of the machine tool as the origin to construct a machining simulation model. The machining simulation model reads the outline contour data information of the workpiece on the adjustable positioning base obtained by the contour scanning unit, draws the corresponding outline sample lines of the workpiece on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and determines whether the workpiece has coaxiality error based on the outline sample lines of the workpiece.

[0009] If a coaxiality error exists, proceed to the next step;

[0010] If there is no coaxiality error, the machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck to clamp the end of the workpiece and controls the machining head to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece according to the machining process.

[0011] S3. Measure the coaxiality deviation between the X-axis axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and the cylindrical surface of the outline sample line of the workpiece using the measurement module, and calculate the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece.

[0012] S4. The metering module inputs the machining error compensation parameters into the error compensation module to form a coaxial deviation compensation control command, and sends the coaxial deviation compensation control command to the adjustable positioning base to control the adjustable positioning base to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece and the machining head of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head of the machine tool are on the same axis.

[0013] S5. The machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck to clamp the end of the workpiece and controls the machining head to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece according to the machining process.

[0014] Optionally, in step S2, the machining simulation model uses the X-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as its central axis and the Y-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as its rotation radius to draw the corresponding workpiece outline sample lines on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system.

[0015] Optionally, in step S2, the method for determining whether the workpiece has a coaxiality error is set as follows:

[0016] If at least one of the two endpoints of any one of the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece's outline sample line on the X-axis or Z-axis reference plane is within the workpiece's machining allowance range, then the workpiece has a coaxial deviation error.

[0017] If the two endpoints of the two edge lines of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece's outline sample line on the X-axis and Z-axis reference planes are both outside the workpiece's machining allowance range, then the workpiece does not have a coaxial deviation error.

[0018] Optionally, in S3, the coaxiality deviation value includes:

[0019] The angle of inclination between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece's outline sample line on the X-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system.

[0020] And, the angle of inclination between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece's outline sample line on the Z-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system.

[0021] Optionally, in S4, the machining error compensation parameters are set as follows: the rotation angle of the adjustable positioning base along the X-axis reference plane, the rotation angle along the Z-axis reference plane, the horizontal displacement along the Y-axis axis, and the vertical displacement along the Z-axis axis.

[0022] A system for machining coaxial holes in long-shaft workpieces, wherein the machining system utilizes the machining method described above to machine coaxial holes in the workpiece, and the machining system includes:

[0023] An adjustable positioning base is mounted on the X-axis linear motion track of the machine tool to clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece and adjust the center axis of the workpiece to coincide with the center line of the machining head of the machine tool.

[0024] The contour scanning unit acquires the outline contour data information of the workpiece on the adjustable positioning base;

[0025] The machining simulation model is connected to the contour scanning unit. A three-dimensional spatial coordinate system is set with the initial position of the center of the machining head of the machine tool as the origin. It is used to read the outline contour data information of the workpiece on the adjustable positioning base obtained by the contour scanning unit. The outline contour sample lines of the corresponding workpiece are drawn on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system with the X-axis as the reference axis and the Y-axis as the rotation radius.

[0026] A measurement module is connected to the machining simulation model. The measurement module measures the coaxiality deviation between the X-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and the cylindrical surface of the workpiece's outline sample line, and calculates the workpiece's machining error compensation parameters.

[0027] An error compensation module is connected to the metering module and the adjustable positioning base. The error compensation module generates a coaxial deviation compensation control command based on the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece and sends it to the adjustable positioning base. The adjustable positioning base is controlled to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece and the machining head of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head of the machine tool are on the same axis.

[0028] The machine tool controls a three-jaw chuck to clamp the end of the workpiece and controls a machining head to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece according to the machining process.

[0029] Optionally, the adjustable positioning base includes:

[0030] A base, which is mounted on the X-axis linear motion track of the machine tool;

[0031] An information transceiver module is connected to the error compensation module. The information transceiver module is used to receive the coaxial deviation compensation control command sent by the error compensation module, or to send the adjustment end command back to the error compensation module.

[0032] A vertical adjustment unit is connected to the information transceiver module. The vertical adjustment unit is installed on the top of the base. The output end of the vertical adjustment unit is vertically upward and is equipped with a connecting plate. It is used to drive the connecting plate to rotate along the X-axis reference plane or move vertically along the Z-axis axis, or to rotate along the X-axis reference plane and move vertically along the Z-axis axis.

[0033] A horizontal adjustment unit is connected to the information transceiver module. The horizontal adjustment unit is installed on the top of the connecting plate. The output end of the horizontal adjustment unit is vertically upward and equipped with a positioning and mounting structure. The positioning and mounting structure is used to clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece. The horizontal adjustment unit is used to drive the positioning and mounting structure to rotate along the Z-axis reference plane or move horizontally along the Y-axis axis, or to rotate along the Z-axis reference plane and move horizontally along the Y-axis axis.

[0034] Optionally, the vertical adjustment unit includes at least two sets of first power units, which are symmetrically mounted on the base along the X-axis, and the output ends of the two sets of first power units are respectively connected to the bottom of the connecting plate.

[0035] Optionally, the leveling unit includes:

[0036] A slide rail is mounted on top of the connecting plate;

[0037] The turntable is slidably mounted on the slide rail;

[0038] The second power unit is mounted on the connecting plate. The output end of the second power unit is connected to the outer periphery of the turntable, and the output shaft of the second power unit is parallel to the Y-axis of the machine tool. It is used to drive the turntable to move along the Y-axis of the machine tool on the slide rail.

[0039] The third power unit is embedded in the top of the turntable, and its output end extends to the top of the turntable and connects to the bottom of the positioning and mounting structure, for driving the positioning and mounting structure to rotate along the Z-axis reference plane.

[0040] Optionally, the positioning and mounting structure includes:

[0041] At least one set of parallel cylinders are provided. The parallel cylinders are installed on the output end of the third power unit. Clamping plates are respectively installed on the two output ends of the parallel cylinders. Arc-shaped grippers are respectively installed on the opposite surfaces of the two clamping plates. The concave surface of the arc-shaped grippers is used to clamp the workpiece. The parallel cylinders are used to drive the clamping plates to drive the arc-shaped grippers to clamp or release the workpiece.

[0042] Several balls are rotatably mounted on the concave surface of the arc-shaped gripper, and the balls are in close contact with the cylindrical surface of the workpiece.

[0043] The beneficial effects that this invention can produce include:

[0044] The long-axis workpiece coaxial hole machining system and method provided by this invention, through the design of an adjustable positioning base for auxiliary clamping of the workpiece, not only eliminates the machining error caused by workpiece shaking during machining, but also calculates the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece by measuring the actual coaxiality deviation value of the workpiece, and generates a coaxial deviation compensation control command to control the adjustable positioning base to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece and the machining head of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head of the machine tool are on the same axis, thereby eliminating the installation error of the workpiece, further reducing the coaxiality error of the machined hole on the workpiece, and improving the machining accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the processing method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the processing system of the present invention in the workpiece clamping state;

[0047] Figure 3 In this invention Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the processing system of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outline of the workpiece in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system of the present invention.

[0050] In the diagram: 1. Adjustable positioning base; 101. Information transceiver module; 102. Vertical adjustment unit; 103. Horizontal adjustment unit; 2. Contour scanning unit; 3. Machining simulation model; 4. Measurement module; 5. Error compensation module; 6. Base; 7. Connecting plate; 8. First power unit; 9. Slide rail; 10. Turntable; 11. Second power unit; 12. Third power unit; 13. Parallel cylinder; 14. Clamping plate; 15. Arc-shaped gripper; 16. Ball bearing; 17. Three-jaw chuck; 18. Machining head; 19. Workpiece; a is the X-axis reference plane of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system; b is the Z-axis reference plane of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] like Figures 2-5As shown, this invention provides a coaxial hole machining system for long-axis workpieces. The machining system includes an adjustable positioning base 1, a contour scanning unit 2, a machining simulation model 3, a measurement module 4, and an error compensation module 5. The adjustable positioning base 1 is fixedly mounted on the X-axis linear motion track of the machine tool, used to clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19 and adjust the central axis of the workpiece 19 to coincide with the centerline of the machining head 18 of the machine tool. The contour scanning unit 2 acquires the outline contour data of the workpiece 19 on the adjustable positioning base 1. The machining simulation model 3 is connected to the contour scanning unit 2 and has a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system set with the initial position of the center of the machining head 18 of the machine tool as the origin. This system is used to read the outline contour data of the workpiece 19 on the adjustable positioning base 1 acquired by the contour scanning unit 2, and to draw corresponding data on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system with the X-axis as the reference axis and the Y-axis as the rotation radius. The workpiece 19 has a sample outline; the measurement module 4 is connected to the machining simulation model 3. The measurement module 4 measures the coaxiality deviation between the X-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system and the cylindrical surface of the sample outline of the workpiece 19, and calculates the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece 19; the error compensation module 5 is connected to the measurement module 4 and the adjustable positioning base 1. The error compensation module 5 generates a coaxial deviation compensation control command based on the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece 19 and sends it to the adjustable positioning base 1. The adjustable positioning base 1 controls the adjustable positioning base 1 to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece 19 and the machining head 18 of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece 19 and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head 18 of the machine tool are on the same axis; then the machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck 17 to clamp the end of the workpiece 19, and controls the machining head 18 to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece 19 according to the machining process.

[0054] In the above, the contour scanning unit 2 can use a 3D laser scanner to collect the outline data of the workpiece 19. Utilizing the principle of laser ranging, by recording the 3D coordinates, reflectivity, and texture information of a large number of dense points on the surface of the object being measured, a 3D model of the target object and various drawing data of lines, surfaces, and volumes can be quickly reconstructed. Specifically, two sets of 3D laser scanners can be set up and installed on both sides of the adjustable positioning base 1 via telescopic brackets. When the adjustable positioning base 1 clamps the workpiece 19, the telescopic brackets drive the two sets of 3D laser scanners to collect data on the left and right sides of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19. The contour data of the workpiece 19 is obtained by coupling the contour data collected by the two sets of 3D laser scanners together. The surface obscured by the clamping part of the adjustable positioning base 1 can be extended and shaped by a smooth curve. For example, in CAD drawing software tools, one of the line segments can be extended by two intersecting line segments so that the two non-intersecting line segments form an intersection point. At the same time, the adjustable positioning base 1 is used to clamp the middle position of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19 so that the measured contour data will not affect the actual processing error parameters of the workpiece 19.

[0055] Furthermore, the adjustable positioning base 1 includes a base 6, an information transceiver module 101, a vertical adjustment unit 102, and a horizontal adjustment unit 103. The base 6 is fixedly mounted on the X-axis linear motion track of the machine tool. The information transceiver module 101 is connected to the error compensation module 5. The information transceiver module 101 receives coaxial deviation compensation control commands sent by the error compensation module 5, or sends adjustment end commands back to the error compensation module 5. The adjustment end command is used when the centerline of the workpiece 19 is on the same axis as the horizontal linear feed path of the machining head 18 of the machine tool, ending the current adjustment action and controlling the machine tool to drive the machining head 18 to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece 19 according to the machining process. The vertical adjustment unit 102 is connected to the information transceiver module 101 and is used for vertical adjustment. Unit 102 is installed on the top of base 6. The output end of vertical adjustment unit 102 is vertically upward and is equipped with connecting plate 7. It is used to drive connecting plate 7 to rotate along X-axis reference plane or move vertically along Z-axis axis. Horizontal adjustment unit 103 is connected to information transceiver module 101. Horizontal adjustment unit 103 is installed on the top of connecting plate 7. The output end of horizontal adjustment unit 103 is vertically upward and is equipped with positioning installation structure. Positioning installation structure is used to clamp the cylindrical surface of workpiece 19. Horizontal adjustment unit 103 is used to drive positioning installation structure to rotate along Z-axis reference plane or move horizontally along Y-axis axis.

[0056] Specifically, the vertical adjustment unit 102 includes at least two sets of first power units 8, which are symmetrically mounted on the base 6 along the X-axis. The output ends of the two sets of first power units 8 are respectively hinged to the bottom of the connecting plate 7 via pins. In the above, the first power unit 8 is one of a cylinder, an electric push rod, or a hydraulic cylinder. When the connecting plate 7 is driven to rotate along the X-axis reference plane, one set of first power units 8 is controlled to extend or retract. When the connecting plate 7 is driven to move vertically along the Z-axis, both sets of first power units 8 are controlled to extend or retract synchronously. When the connecting plate 7 is driven to rotate along the X-axis reference plane and move vertically along the Z-axis, one set of first power units 8 is controlled to adjust the tilt angle of the connecting plate 7 to the specified tilt angle according to the required rotation angle of the connecting plate 7, and then both sets of first power units 8 are controlled to extend or retract synchronously to move the connecting plate 7 to the specified height.

[0057] Specifically, the horizontal adjustment unit 103 includes a slide rail 9, a turntable 10, a second power unit 11, and a third power unit 12, wherein: the slide rail 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting plate 7; the turntable 10 is slidably installed on the slide rail 9; the second power unit 11 is fixedly installed on the connecting plate 7, and the second power unit 11 is one of a cylinder, an electric push rod, or a hydraulic cylinder. The output end of the second power unit 11 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the turntable 10, and the output shaft of the second power unit 11 is parallel to the Y-axis of the machine tool, used to drive the turntable 10 to move along the Y-axis of the machine tool on the slide rail 9; the third power unit 12 is embedded and fixedly installed on the top of the turntable 10, and the third power unit 12 is a disc-type rotary motor. The output end of the third power unit 12 extends to the top of the turntable 10 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning and mounting structure, used to drive the positioning and mounting structure to rotate along the Z-axis reference plane.

[0058] In one embodiment described above, the positioning and mounting structure includes at least one set of parallel cylinders 13. The parallel cylinders 13 are fixedly mounted on the output end of the third power unit 12. Clamping plates 14 are fixedly mounted on the two output ends of the parallel cylinders 13 respectively. Arc-shaped grippers 15 are fixedly mounted on the opposite surfaces of the two clamping plates 14 respectively. The concave surface of the arc-shaped grippers 15 is used to clamp the workpiece 19. The parallel cylinders 13 are used to drive the clamping plates 14 to drive the arc-shaped grippers 15 to clamp or release the workpiece 19. Further, a plurality of balls 16 are rotatably mounted on the concave surface of the arc-shaped grippers 15. The balls 16 are in close contact with the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19, so that when the three-jaw chuck 17 drives the workpiece 19 to rotate, the workpiece 19 can roll on the plurality of balls 16.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention also provides a method for machining coaxial holes in a long-shaft workpiece. This machining method utilizes the aforementioned machining system to machine coaxial holes in workpiece 19. The machining method includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Clamp the cylindrical surface of workpiece 19 on the adjustable positioning base 1, and insert one end of workpiece 19 into the central axis of the three-jaw chuck 17 of the machine tool. Obtain the outline data information of workpiece 19 through the contour scanning unit 2.

[0062] Step 2: Set up a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system with the initial position of the center of the machining head 18 of the machine tool as the origin to construct the machining simulation model 3. The machining simulation model 3 reads the outline data information of the workpiece 19 on the adjustable positioning base 1 obtained by the contour scanning unit 2, draws the corresponding outline sample lines of the workpiece 19 on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and judges whether there is a coaxiality error of the workpiece 19 based on the outline sample lines of the workpiece 19. If there is a coaxiality error, proceed to the next step; if there is no coaxiality error, the machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck 17 to clamp the end of the workpiece 19, and controls the machining head 18 to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece 19 according to the machining process.

[0063] In the above, the machining simulation model 3 uses the X-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as the central axis and the Y-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as the rotation radius to draw the corresponding outline sample lines of the workpiece 19 on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system.

[0064] In the above, the method for determining whether workpiece 19 has a coaxiality error is set as follows: if at least one of the two endpoints of any one of the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the outer contour sample line of workpiece 19 on the X-axis reference plane or the Z-axis reference plane is within the machining allowance range of workpiece 19, then workpiece 19 has a coaxiality deviation error; if both endpoints of the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the outer contour sample line of workpiece 19 on the X-axis reference plane and the Z-axis reference plane are both outside the machining allowance range of workpiece 19, then workpiece 19 does not have a coaxiality deviation error.

[0065] Step 3: Measure the coaxiality deviation between the X-axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system and the cylindrical surface of the outline sample line of the workpiece 19 using the measurement module 4, and calculate the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece 19.

[0066] In the above, the coaxiality deviation values ​​include: the angle of inclination between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the outline sample line of workpiece 19 on the X-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system; and the angle of inclination between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the outline sample line of workpiece 19 on the Z-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system.

[0067] In the above, the machining error compensation parameters are set as follows: the rotation angle of the adjustable positioning base 1 along the X-axis reference plane, the rotation angle along the Z-axis reference plane, the horizontal displacement along the Y-axis axis, and the vertical displacement along the Z-axis axis.

[0068] Specifically, if the workpiece 19 is mounted on the adjustable positioning base 1 with an inclination along the positive Y-axis direction, resulting in a coaxiality error, the metering module 4 measures the angle of inclination between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19's outline sample line on the Z-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and calculates the corresponding machining error compensation parameters. These parameters are the rotation angle of the adjustable positioning base 1 along the X-axis reference plane and the horizontal displacement along the Y-axis direction. The rotation angle of the adjustable positioning base 1 along the X-axis reference plane is the angle between the workpiece 19's outline sample line and the X-axis axis. The angle between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19's outline sample line on the Z-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system is determined by the rotation direction of the workpiece 19, which is closer to the machining head 18, with the end furthest from the machining head 18 as the center, rotating along the negative Y-axis. The horizontal displacement of the adjustable positioning base 1 along the Y-axis is half the difference between the farthest point and the closest point of one edge of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 19's outline sample line on the Z-axis reference plane from the X-axis axis, and the movement direction is the rotation along the positive Y-axis, thus obtaining the machining error compensation parameters for this machining.

[0069] Step 4: The measurement module 4 inputs the machining error compensation parameters into the error compensation module 5 to form a coaxial deviation compensation control command, and sends the coaxial deviation compensation control command to the adjustable positioning base 1 to control the adjustable positioning base 1 to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece 19 and the machining head 18 of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece 19 and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head 18 of the machine tool are on the same axis.

[0070] Step 5: The machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck 17 to clamp the end of the workpiece 19, and controls the machining head 18 to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece 19 according to the machining process.

[0071] In this invention, by designing an adjustable positioning base to assist in clamping the workpiece 19, not only are machining errors caused by the workpiece 19 shaking during processing eliminated, but the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece 19 are also calculated by measuring the actual coaxiality deviation value of the workpiece 19. A coaxiality deviation compensation control command is then generated to control the adjustable positioning base 1 to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece 19 and the machining head 18 of the machine tool until the centerline of the workpiece 19 and the horizontal linear feed path of the machining head 18 of the machine tool are on the same axis. This eliminates the installation error of the workpiece 19, further reduces the coaxiality error of the holes machined on the workpiece 19, and improves machining accuracy.

[0072] The above description is merely a few embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A method for machining coaxial holes in long shaft workpieces, characterized in that, The processing method includes the following steps: S1. Clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19) on the adjustable positioning base (1) and insert one end of the workpiece (19) into the central axis of the three-jaw chuck (17) of the machine tool. Obtain the outline data information of the workpiece (19) through the contour scanning unit (2). S2. A three-dimensional spatial coordinate system is set up with the initial position of the center of the machining head (18) of the machine tool as the origin to construct a machining simulation model (3). The machining simulation model (3) reads the outline contour data information of the workpiece (19) on the adjustable positioning base (1) obtained by the contour scanning unit (2), draws the outline contour sample lines of the corresponding workpiece (19) on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and judges whether the workpiece (19) has a coaxiality error based on the outline contour sample lines of the workpiece (19). If a coaxiality error exists, proceed to the next step; If there is no coaxiality error, the machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck (17) to clamp the end of the workpiece (19), and controls the machining head (18) to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece (19) according to the machining process; The method for determining whether the workpiece (19) has a coaxiality error is set as follows: If at least one of the two endpoints of any one of the two side lines of the cylindrical surface of the outer contour sample line of the workpiece (19) on the X-axis reference plane or Z-axis reference plane is within the machining allowance range of the workpiece (19), then the workpiece (19) has a coaxial deviation error. If the two endpoints of the two edge lines of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19) on the X-axis reference plane and the Z-axis reference plane are both outside the machining allowance range of the workpiece (19), then the workpiece (19) does not have a coaxial deviation error. S3. The coaxiality deviation between the X-axis axis in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and the cylindrical surface of the outline sample line of the workpiece (19) is measured by the measurement module (4), and the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece (19) are calculated; the coaxiality deviation includes: The angle between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19) on the X-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system. And, the angle of inclination between the two edges of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19) on the Z-axis reference plane and the X-axis axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system; S4. The metering module (4) inputs the machining error compensation parameters into the error compensation module (5) to form a coaxial deviation compensation control command, and sends the coaxial deviation compensation control command to the adjustable positioning base (1) to control the adjustable positioning base (1) to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece (19) and the machining head (18) of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece (19) and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head (18) of the machine tool are on the same axis. S5. The machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck (17) to clamp the end of the workpiece (19) and controls the machining head (18) to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece (19) according to the machining process.

2. The method for machining coaxial holes in long shaft workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the machining simulation model (3) uses the X-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as the central axis and the Y-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as the rotation radius to draw the outline sample lines of the corresponding workpiece (19) on the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system.

3. The method for machining coaxial holes in long shaft workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the machining error compensation parameters are set as follows: the rotation angle of the adjustable positioning base (1) along the X-axis reference plane, the rotation angle along the Z-axis reference plane, the horizontal displacement along the Y-axis axis, and the vertical displacement along the Z-axis axis.

4. A system for machining coaxial holes in long shaft workpieces, characterized in that, The machining system performs coaxial hole machining on the workpiece (19) using the machining method according to any one of claims 1-3, and the machining system includes: An adjustable positioning base (1) is installed on the X-axis linear motion track of the machine tool to clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19) and adjust the central axis of the workpiece (19) to coincide with the center line of the machining head (18) of the machine tool. The contour scanning unit (2) acquires the outline contour data information of the workpiece (19) on the adjustable positioning base (1); The processing simulation model (3) is connected to the contour scanning unit (2). A three-dimensional spatial coordinate system is set with the initial position of the center of the machining head (18) of the machine tool as the origin. It is used to read the outline contour data information of the workpiece (19) on the adjustable positioning base (1) obtained by the contour scanning unit (2). The X-axis is used as the reference axis and the Y-axis is used as the rotation radius to draw the outline sample lines of the corresponding workpiece (19). The measurement module (4) is connected to the machining simulation model (3). The measurement module (4) measures the coaxiality deviation between the X-axis of the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and the cylindrical surface of the outline sample line of the workpiece (19), and calculates the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece (19). Error compensation module (5) is connected to the metering module (4) and the adjustable positioning base (1). The error compensation module (5) generates a coaxial deviation compensation control command based on the machining error compensation parameters of the workpiece (19) and sends it to the adjustable positioning base (1). The adjustable positioning base (1) controls the adjustable positioning base (1) to adjust the actual installation position between the workpiece (19) and the machining head (18) of the machine tool until the center line of the workpiece (19) and the horizontal straight feed path of the machining head (18) of the machine tool are on the same axis. The machine tool controls the three-jaw chuck (17) to clamp the end of the workpiece (19), and controls the machining head (18) to perform coaxial hole machining on the workpiece (19) according to the machining process.

5. The coaxial hole machining system for long shaft workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjustable positioning base (1) includes: The base (6) is mounted on the X-axis linear motion track of the machine tool; The information transceiver module (101) is connected to the error compensation module (5). The information transceiver module (101) is used to receive the coaxial deviation compensation control command sent by the error compensation module (5), or to feed back the adjustment end command to the error compensation module (5). A vertical adjustment unit (102) is connected to the information transceiver module (101). The vertical adjustment unit (102) is installed on the top of the base (6). The output end of the vertical adjustment unit (102) is vertically upward and is equipped with a connecting plate (7) for driving the connecting plate (7) to rotate along the X-axis reference plane or move vertically along the Z-axis axis. A horizontal adjustment unit (103) is connected to the information transceiver module (101). The horizontal adjustment unit (103) is installed on the top of the connecting plate (7). The output end of the horizontal adjustment unit (103) is vertically upward and equipped with a positioning installation structure. The positioning installation structure is used to clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19). The horizontal adjustment unit (103) is used to drive the positioning installation structure to rotate along the Z-axis reference plane or move horizontally along the Y-axis axis, or rotate along the Z-axis reference plane and move horizontally along the Y-axis axis.

6. The coaxial hole machining system for long shaft workpieces according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical adjustment unit (102) includes at least two sets of first power units (8). The two sets of first power units (8) are symmetrically mounted on the base (6) along the X-axis. The output ends of the two sets of first power units (8) are respectively connected to the bottom of the connecting plate (7).

7. The coaxial hole machining system for long shaft workpieces according to claim 5, characterized in that, The horizontal adjustment unit (103) includes: The slide rail (9) is mounted on the top of the connecting plate (7); The turntable (10) is slidably mounted on the slide rail (9); The second power unit (11) is installed on the connecting plate (7). The output end of the second power unit (11) is connected to the outer periphery of the turntable (10), and the output shaft of the second power unit (11) is parallel to the Y-axis of the machine tool. It is used to drive the turntable (10) to move along the Y-axis of the machine tool on the slide rail (9). The third power unit (12) is embedded in the top of the turntable (10). The output end of the third power unit (12) extends to the top of the turntable (10) and connects to the bottom of the positioning and mounting structure, and is used to drive the positioning and mounting structure to rotate along the Z-axis reference plane.

8. The coaxial hole machining system for long shaft workpieces according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning and mounting structure includes: At least one set of parallel cylinders (13) are installed on the output end of the third power unit (12). Clamping plates (14) are respectively installed on the two output ends of the parallel cylinders (13). Arc-shaped grippers (15) are respectively installed on the opposite surfaces of the two clamping plates (14). The concave surface of the arc-shaped grippers (15) is used to clamp the workpiece (19). The parallel cylinders (13) are used to drive the clamping plates (14) to drive the arc-shaped grippers (15) to clamp or release the workpiece (19). Several balls (16) are rotatably mounted on the concave surface of the arc-shaped gripper (15), and the balls (16) are in close contact with the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (19).

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