A method for efficiently preparing H2O2 under light-free and electricity-free conditions based on red phosphorus and silver

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen peroxide preparation, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under the condition of no light and no electricity. The application discloses a method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under the condition of no light and no electricity. The P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag + system is placed in an oxygen-containing water body, and oxygen in the water body is reduced to H2O2 by the P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag + system. The method for preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver does not need light energy and electric energy, does not need other chemical reagents, is not affected by weather, has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, wide source and the like; meanwhile, the method for preparing H2O2 is a spontaneous reaction that can occur under natural conditions, is suitable for a wide pH range and complex actual water bodies, and has high practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen peroxide preparation technology, specifically relating to a method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered one of the greenest and most environmentally friendly oxidants because its only byproducts are water and oxygen, causing no secondary pollution. Therefore, H2O2 is widely used in disinfection, chemical synthesis, environmental remediation, papermaking, and fuel cells. Currently, over 95% of global H2O2 production is based on the anthraquinone process developed in the 1940s. Although the concentration of H2O2 produced by the anthraquinone process can reach as high as 70 wt%, this process requires complex equipment, expensive palladium-based hydrogenation catalysts, and generates a large amount of toxic organic byproducts. For example, Chinese invention patent CN1164478C reports a hydrogenation catalyst for the anthraquinone process to prepare H2O2. This catalyst uses two noble metals, Pt and Pd, as active components, at least one of rare earth metals, La, Ce, Pr, and Sm as promoters, Al2O3 or an Al2O3-TiO2 composite oxide containing 80% TiO2 as a support, and hydrazine, formaldehyde, or formic acid as a reducing agent. Although this catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, high selectivity, and strong anti-poisoning ability, it also suffers from problems such as high cost and the generation of a large number of toxic byproducts. In addition, the high-concentration H2O2 produced by the anthraquinone process requires storage and transportation, which not only incurs additional costs but also poses certain safety risks.

[0003] Besides the anthraquinone process mentioned above, other methods for preparing H2O2 exist, such as electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Electrocatalysis utilizes electrons provided by the cathode to reduce oxygen to H2O2 or uses the anode to oxidize water to H2O2. While this method can produce the desired H2O2 concentration, it is energy-intensive and requires complex electrode materials, electrolytes, and valuable electrical resources. For example, Chinese invention patent CN111962099B discloses an electrode preparation method for electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production and its application. This electrode is a nanoarray of transition metals and carbon materials grown on a conductive substrate. Using this electrode with a neutral or alkaline solution as the electrolyte, H2O2 can be generated under continuous energization. However, it also suffers from high energy consumption and complex electrode materials and electrolytes. Photocatalysis utilizes renewable sunlight to excite semiconductors to generate photogenerated electrons to reduce oxygen and prepare H2O2. However, the H2O2 concentration produced by this technology is far lower than the requirements for practical applications and is also affected by factors such as weather, water color, time difference, and application site. For example, Chinese invention patent CN114870898A discloses a highly efficient visible light composite photocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide production, with an optimal H2O2 yield of approximately 1350 μmol·g. -1 ·h -1 However, it requires a 300W xenon lamp as a light source and cannot effectively produce H2O2 under actual sunlight, making it unsuitable for practical applications.

[0004] In summary, anthraquinone processes, electrocatalysis methods, and photocatalysis all have numerous shortcomings in the preparation of H2O2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel, safe, efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable H2O2 preparation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a method for the efficient preparation of H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions. This method has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation, low cost, environmental friendliness, unaffected by weather, all-weather operation, applicability to actual water bodies and a wide pH range, and has high practical application value.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for the efficient preparation of H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions, specifically: under natural conditions, using a P / Ag catalyst or red phosphorus (Red P) / Ag... + The system was placed in an aerobic water body, using a P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag. + The system reduces oxygen in the water to H2O2.

[0008] This invention discloses a method for the efficient preparation of H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions. Under natural conditions, a P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag is used. + The system is placed in oxygenated water, and oxygen in the water is reduced to H2O2 using a P / Ag catalyst or a red P / Ag+ system, with the yield of H2O2 reaching as high as 1873 μmol·g. -1 ·h -1 This method can spontaneously reduce oxygen to produce H2O2 without requiring external energy input (light or electricity) or the addition of any other chemical reagents; only oxygen is needed. It is a low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient H2O2 preparation technology.

[0009] Preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the oxygenated water body is 8.2–29.8 mg / L. Wherein, 8.2 mg / L is the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration in an air atmosphere, and 29.8 mg / L is the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

[0010] Preferably, the dosage of the P / Ag catalyst is 0.1–0.5 g / L; the dosage of red phosphorus (Red P) is 0.1–0.5 g / L; and the dosage of Ag… + The dosage is 0.5-3 mM.

[0011] Preferably, the pH value of the oxygenated water is pH 2 to pH 10. This invention, based on the method for efficiently preparing H2O2 from red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions, is applicable to a wide pH range (pH 2-pH 10), thus overcoming the scientific challenge of producing H2O2 under neutral and alkaline conditions.

[0012] Preferably, the oxygenated water body includes ultrapure water, tap water, lake water, river water, and seawater. Although interfering ions in tap water, lake water, river water, and seawater can interfere with the P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag to some extent. + Despite the reduced activity of the system, it can still convert oxygen in real water into H2O2 under conditions of no light and no electricity, providing a new, more convenient, and effective method for the preparation of H2O2.

[0013] Preferably, the P / Ag catalyst is prepared by adding silver nitrate and red phosphorus to oxygen-free water, utilizing the strong reducing power of red phosphorus to remove Ag from the oxygen-free water. + The P / Ag particles are reduced to elemental silver to obtain a P / Ag solution. Then, the P / Ag particles in the P / Ag solution are separated, washed with alcohol, and dried to obtain P-Ag catalyst powder.

[0014] More preferably, the amount of silver nitrate added is 0.5 to 3 mM, and the red phosphorus (Red P) is amorphous red phosphorus, with an addition amount of 0.1 to 0.4 g / L.

[0015] More preferably, the alcohol washing is performed 3 to 5 times, and the drying is performed by natural air drying for 30 to 60 minutes.

[0016] More preferably, the oxygen-free water is water that has been fully aerated with argon gas for 30 to 60 minutes.

[0017] Preferably, the P / Ag catalyst is used to prepare carbon paper containing P / Ag. This P / Ag-containing carbon paper is then sandwiched between the aqueous solution and air in a single-pass electrolytic cell, with the P / Ag catalyst-containing side facing the aqueous solution. Because the carbon paper is hydrophobic, it allows only gas to pass through but not liquid to flow out. After water is added to the electrolytic cell, oxygen is introduced through the interface extending from the carbon paper. The three-phase system made with the P / Ag catalyst then reduces the oxygen to H2O2. This invention can not only directly reduce dissolved oxygen to H2O2 using the P / Ag catalyst, but also reduce oxygen in the air in a three-phase system to produce H2O2.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing carbon paper containing P / Ag is as follows: dissolve the P / Ag catalyst in a 0.1% naphthol solution, then drop the mixture onto hydrophobic carbon paper and dry it.

[0019] More preferably, the concentration of the P / Ag catalyst in the naphthol solution is 8-10 mg / 0.5-1 mL.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides a catalyst for preparing H2O2, wherein the catalyst has a P / Ag catalyst as the main active component, or the catalyst has red phosphorus (Red P) and Ag as the main active components. + As the main active ingredient.

[0021] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the catalyst described in the second aspect in the degradation of environmental pollutants in aerobic water bodies.

[0022] Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a strong oxidant that can be used to degrade pollutants in the environment. Since the method of preparing H2O2 efficiently from red phosphorus and silver under light-free and electricity-free conditions is an in-situ spontaneous reaction, it can be directly applied in-situ to the degradation and removal of environmental pollutants.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] This invention discloses a method for the efficient preparation of H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions. Under natural conditions, a P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag is used. + The system was placed in an aerobic water body, using a P / Ag catalyst or red P / Ag. +The system reduces oxygen in water to H2O2. This invention has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) The preparation of P / Ag catalyst is simple, without complicated process flow or consumption of precious power resources. It can be generated by simply mixing red phosphorus and silver nitrate together.

[0026] (2) The method of generating H2O2 by reducing oxygen with red phosphorus and silver is a spontaneous reaction that occurs under natural conditions. It does not require the consumption of precious electrical energy, nor does it require the addition of other chelating agents or chemical reagents. Only oxygen is needed.

[0027] (3) The method for preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, wide availability, no weather impact, all-weather operation, operation under a wide pH range, and operation in natural water bodies.

[0028] (4) The method for preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver in this invention produces H2O2 with a concentration as high as 1873 μmol·g. -1 ·h -1 It can be directly applied in situ to the effective degradation of pollutants in the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 XRD patterns of red P, Ag, and P / Ag;

[0030] Figure 2 The graph shows the performance of red P, Ag, and P / Ag in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2.

[0031] Figure 3 For red P and Ag + Performance diagram of H2O2 production during P / Ag formation;

[0032] Figure 4 The graph shows the performance of P / Ag in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2 under different pH conditions;

[0033] Figure 5 Graphs showing the performance of P / Ag in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2 in different water bodies;

[0034] Figure 6 Performance diagram of the three-phase system for reducing oxygen to produce H2O2, fabricated for P / A. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the experimental materials used in the following embodiments are all available through conventional commercial channels.

[0037] Example 1: Preparation of P / Ag catalyst

[0038] (1) Take 60 mL of ultrapure water and put it into a 100 mL beaker. Seal the mouth of the beaker with sealing film, and then pass argon gas into the beaker for 30 to 60 minutes. After the oxygen in the solution is removed, oxygen-free water is obtained.

[0039] (2) Add red phosphorus (Red P, 0.1-0.4 g / L) and silver nitrate (0.5-3 mM) to oxygen-free water, and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 15-60 min. During the stirring process, argon gas is continuously introduced. After the reaction is completed, a P / Ag solution is obtained.

[0040] (3) The P / Ag particles in the P / Ag solution are separated by vacuum filtration, and then the P / Ag particles are washed with alcohol 3 to 5 times to remove impurities. Finally, the P / Ag particles are air-dried naturally for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain the P / Ag catalyst.

[0041] The prepared P / Ag catalyst was characterized by XRD diffraction, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it can be seen that:

[0042] The red phosphorus used has an amorphous structure, and the prepared P / Ag catalyst showed characteristic peaks of elemental silver (Ag), indicating that Ag... + It was reduced to elemental silver by red phosphorus and loaded onto the surface of red phosphorus.

[0043] Example 2: Performance determination of P / Ag catalyst for reducing oxygen to produce H2O2

[0044] (1) Prepare the colorimetric reagent for H2O2 concentration determination:

[0045] Buffer solution: 0.84g Na₂HPO₄ + 6.04g NaH₂PO₄ + 100mL H₂O;

[0046] N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPD) reagent: 0.1g DPD + 200uL 5M H2SO4 + 9.8mL H2O;

[0047] Horseradish catalase (POD) reagent: 10 mg POD dissolved in 10 mL of ultrapure water.

[0048] (2) Determination of the performance of P / Ag in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2:

[0049] 1) Place 60 mL of ultrapure water in a 100 mL beaker, add 0.3 g / L P / Ag catalyst, and sonicate for 2 min to ensure uniform dispersion of P / Ag. Then introduce oxygen, stir to mix, and start timing. Set the sampling time to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, and take 2 mL of liquid sample at each set time gradient. Filter, save the filtrate, and prepare for analysis.

[0050] 2) Take a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 1.7 mL of the buffer solution prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the DPD reagent prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the POD reagent prepared in step (1), and then add 100 μL of the above filtrate. After color development for 30 s, use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the H2O2 concentration in the filtrate.

[0051] The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, it can be seen that:

[0052] Neither red phosphorus (Red P) nor elemental silver (Ag) alone can reduce oxygen to produce H₂O₂, while the P / Ag catalyst can efficiently reduce oxygen to produce H₂O₂, with a yield as high as 1873 μmol g. -1 h -1 This indicates that the P / Ag catalyst can reduce oxygen to H2O under conditions of no light and no electricity. 2，且 It exhibits excellent H2O2 production activity.

[0053] Example 3: Red P and Ag + Performance determination of H2O2 generation during P / Ag formation

[0054] (1) Prepare the colorimetric reagent for H2O2 concentration determination (the preparation method is the same as in Example 2).

[0055] (2) Determination of red P and Ag + The ability to generate H2O2 during the formation of P / Ag:

[0056] 1) Place 60 mL of ultrapure water in a 100 mL beaker, add 0.3 g / L red P, and sonicate for 2 min to disperse the red P evenly. Then add 1 mM AgNO3 and simultaneously introduce oxygen, stir, and start timing. Set the sampling time to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, and take 2 mL of liquid sample at each set time gradient. Filter, save the filtrate, and prepare for analysis.

[0057] 2) Take a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 1.7 mL of the buffer solution prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the DPD reagent prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the POD reagent prepared in step (1), and then add 100 μL of the above filtrate. After color development for 30 s, use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the H2O2 concentration in the filtrate.

[0058] The results are as follows Figure 3 As shown, it can be seen that:

[0059] Individual red P and individual Ag + Neither can reduce oxygen to produce H2O2, but red P and Ag... + When mixed together, they can produce H2O2. Red P / Ag + The H₂O₂ yield reached 358 μM under air conditions and 760 μM under oxygen conditions after 1 hour. This indicates that, in addition to the P / Ag catalyst, the red P / Ag... + The system can also effectively reduce oxygen to produce H2O2.

[0060] Example 4: Performance determination of P / Ag catalyst in water bodies with different pH values ​​for reducing oxygen to produce H2O2

[0061] (1) Prepare the colorimetric reagent for H2O2 concentration determination (the preparation method is the same as in Example 2).

[0062] (2) Prepare water samples with different pH values:

[0063] Take five 100mL beakers and add 60mL of ultrapure water to each. Then, use 0.1M H2SO4 and 0.1M NaOH to adjust the pH of the solutions in the five beakers to pH2, pH4, pH6, pH8, and pH10, respectively.

[0064] (3) Determine the performance of P / Ag in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2 under different pH conditions:

[0065] 1) Take 0.3g / L P / Ag catalyst and add it to the 5 beakers in step (2). Sonicate for 2 minutes to disperse P / Ag evenly. Then introduce oxygen, stir, start timing, set the sampling time to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes, and take 2 mL of liquid sample at the set time gradient. Filter, save the filtrate, and wait for testing.

[0066] 2) Take a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 1.7 mL of the buffer solution prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the DPD reagent prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the POD reagent prepared in step (1), and then add 100 μL of the above filtrate. After color development for 30 s, use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the H2O2 concentration in the filtrate.

[0067] The results are as follows Figure 4 As shown in the figure:

[0068] The P / Ag catalyst can effectively and spontaneously reduce oxygen to H2O2 within a wide pH range (pH2-pH10), indicating that the P / Ag catalyst has overcome the scientific challenge of reducing oxygen to H2O2 under neutral and alkaline conditions.

[0069] Example 5: Activity determination of P / Ag catalyst for reducing oxygen to H2O2 in different natural water bodies

[0070] (1) Prepare the colorimetric reagent for H2O2 concentration determination (the preparation method is the same as in Example 2).

[0071] (2) Acquisition of natural water body samples:

[0072] Five natural water samples were collected, including ultrapure water, tap water, river water, lake water, and seawater. The ultrapure water was obtained from an ultrapure water system in the laboratory, the tap water from Sun Yat-sen University, the river water from the Pearl River, the lake water from the central lake of Guangzhou University Town, and the seawater from Yangjiang.

[0073] (3) Determining the ability of P / Ag catalysts to reduce oxygen to produce H2O2 in different natural water bodies:

[0074] 1) Take five 100mL beakers and fill them with 60mL each of ultrapure water, tap water, river water, lake water, and seawater. Then add 0.3g of P / Ag catalyst to each of the five beakers and sonicate for 2 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of P / Ag. Introduce oxygen, stir, and start timing. Set the sampling time to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. At each of the set time intervals, take 2mL of liquid sample, filter, and store the filtrate for analysis.

[0075] 2) Take a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 1.7 mL of the buffer solution prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the DPD reagent prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the POD reagent prepared in step (1), and then add 100 μL of the above filtrate. After color development for 30 s, use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the H2O2 concentration in the filtrate.

[0076] The results are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the figure:

[0077] The P / Ag catalyst exhibits the best activity in reducing oxygen to H2O2 in ultrapure water, followed by tap water, lake water, Pearl River water, and seawater. This is because ultrapure water does not contain interfering ions, while tap water, lake water, Pearl River water, and seawater all contain many interfering ions, especially seawater which is rich in minerals. The presence of these interfering ions significantly interferes with the activity of the P / Ag catalyst. Admittedly, although the activity of the P / Ag catalyst in producing H2O2 in actual water bodies is somewhat inhibited, the results are still satisfactory. This is because converting oxygen in actual water bodies into H2O2 under conditions of no light and no electricity remains a scientific challenge.

[0078] Example 6: Performance determination of the three-phase system prepared by P / Ag in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2

[0079] (1) Prepare the colorimetric reagent for H2O2 concentration determination (the preparation method is the same as in Example 2).

[0080] (2) Making carbon paper containing P / Ag:

[0081] Weigh 9 mg of P / Ag catalyst into a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 0.5 mL of 0.1% naphthol solution, sonicate for 5 min to mix, and then drop the mixture dropwise onto a circular carbon paper (3 cm in diameter). After all the solution has been dropped, let it air dry for 30 min.

[0082] (3) Determine the performance of the three-phase system in reducing oxygen to produce H2O2:

[0083] 1) Take a 100mL single-pass electrolytic cell, and then sandwich the P / Ag carbon paper prepared in step (2) between the aqueous solution and air in the electrolytic cell, with the side containing the P / Ag catalyst facing the aqueous solution. Since the carbon paper is hydrophobic, it only allows gas to pass through and does not allow liquid to flow out. Then, fill the electrolytic cell with 60mL of ultrapure water, introduce oxygen through the interface extending from the carbon paper, and start timing. The P / Ag catalyst on the carbon paper will reduce the oxygen passing through the carbon paper to produce H2O2. Set the sampling time to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min, and take 2mL of liquid sample at the set time gradient, filter, save the filtrate, and wait for testing.

[0084] 2) Take a 2 mL centrifuge tube, add 1.7 mL of the buffer solution prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the DPD reagent prepared in step (1), 50 μL of the POD reagent prepared in step (1), and then add 100 μL of the above filtrate. After color development for 30 s, use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the H2O2 concentration in the filtrate.

[0085] The results are as follows Figure 6 As shown in the figure:

[0086] The three-phase system prepared by the P / Ag catalyst can also ideally reduce oxygen to produce H2O2, with a yield of 1416 μmol·g. -1 ·h -1 This indicates that the P / Ag catalyst can not only directly reduce dissolved oxygen to produce H2O2, but also reduce oxygen in the air in a three-phase system to produce H2O2.

[0087] In summary, compared to existing H2O2 preparation technologies, the method for preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver in this invention requires no light or electrical energy, no other chemical reagents, and is unaffected by weather conditions. It boasts advantages such as low cost, environmental friendliness, and wide availability of resources. Furthermore, the method for preparing H2O2 in this invention is a spontaneous reaction that can occur under natural conditions and is applicable to a wide pH range and complex real-world water bodies. Therefore, the method for preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver in this invention has high practical application value.

[0088] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions, characterized in that, Under natural conditions, a red phosphorus / silver catalyst or a red phosphorus / silver ion system is placed in an oxygenated water body, and the oxygen in the water body is reduced to H2O2 by the red phosphorus / silver catalyst or the red phosphorus / silver ion system; the dissolved oxygen concentration in the oxygenated water body is 8.2–29.8 mg / L; the dosage of the red phosphorus / silver catalyst is 0.1–0.5 g / L; the dosage of red phosphorus in the red phosphorus / silver ion system is 0.1–0.5 g / L; and the dosage of silver ions in the red phosphorus / silver ion system is 0.5–3 mM. The preparation method of the red phosphorus / silver catalyst is as follows: silver nitrate and red phosphorus are added to oxygen-free water. The strong reducing ability of red phosphorus is used to reduce the silver ions in the oxygen-free water to elemental silver to obtain a red phosphorus / silver solution. Then, the red phosphorus / silver particles in the red phosphorus / silver solution are separated, washed with alcohol and dried to obtain red phosphorus / silver catalyst powder. The red phosphorus / silver ion system is achieved by placing red phosphorus and silver ions in oxygenated water.

2. The method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH value of the oxygenated water body is 2 to 10.

3. The method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygenated water bodies include ultrapure water, tap water, lake water, river water, and seawater.

4. The method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of silver nitrate added in the red phosphorus / silver catalyst is 0.5-3 mM, and the red phosphorus in the red phosphorus / silver catalyst is amorphous red phosphorus, with an addition amount of 0.1-0.4 g / L.

5. The method for efficiently preparing H2O2 based on red phosphorus and silver under light- and electricity-free conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A carbon paper containing red phosphorus / silver catalyst is made. The carbon paper containing red phosphorus / silver is then sandwiched between the aqueous solution and air in a single-pass electrolytic cell, with the side containing the red phosphorus / silver catalyst facing the aqueous solution. Because the carbon paper is hydrophobic, it only allows gas to pass through but not liquid to flow out. After water is added to the electrolytic cell, oxygen is introduced through the interface extending from the carbon paper. The three-phase system made of red phosphorus / silver catalyst is then used to reduce the oxygen to H2O2.

6. The application of a catalyst for preparing H2O2 in the degradation of environmental pollutants in aerobic water bodies, characterized in that, The catalyst uses red phosphorus / silver catalyst as the main active component, or the catalyst uses red phosphorus and silver ions as the main active components; the preparation method of the red phosphorus / silver catalyst is as follows: silver nitrate and red phosphorus are added to deoxygenated water, and the strong reducing ability of red phosphorus is used to reduce the silver ions in the deoxygenated water to elemental silver to obtain a red phosphorus / silver solution; then the red phosphorus / silver particles in the red phosphorus / silver solution are separated, and after being washed with alcohol and dried, red phosphorus / silver catalyst powder is obtained.

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