High yield cultivation technique of soybean in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of legume cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation technique for soybeans in saline-alkali soil. The modified material-based microbial preparation prepared by the present application can improve the pH and other physicochemical properties of slightly salinized soil, heavily salinized soil and saline soil, and can develop a suitable environment for soybean planting in advance. The inner liquid of the seed coating realizes a basic insect prevention function, and the outer liquid of the seed coating contains red phosphorus, which can create a slightly acidic environment, which is beneficial to the germination of soybean seeds, and can also neutralize the saline-alkali environment contacted by the soybean seeds to protect the normal development of the soybean seeds. The high-yield cultivation technique for soybeans in saline-alkali soil can significantly improve the germination of soybean seeds in saline-alkali soil and obtain a higher soybean yield under the participation of the modified material-based microbial preparation and the inner liquid and outer liquid of the seed coating.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of legume cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation technology for soybeans in saline-alkali soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] The saline-alkali soil is also called saline soil, which refers to land containing excessive soluble salts, including saline soil and alkaline soil. The saline soil mainly refers to soil containing excessive water-soluble salts, which is mostly neutral salt (mainly sodium chloride and sodium sulfate), and the pH value is between 7 and 8. The alkaline soil mainly refers to soil containing water-soluble alkaline salts (mainly sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate), and the pH value is above 8.5. When the water-soluble salts in the surface layer or sub-surface layer of the soil exceed 0.1% or 0.2% (rich in gypsum), or the alkalization degree of the soil alkalization layer exceeds 5%, it belongs to the category of saline soil. The saline-alkali soil refers to soil that is both saline and alkaline. The high content of soluble salts in the saline-alkali soil increases the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, so that the crop roots and seeds cannot absorb enough water from the soil when germinating, leading to physiological drought, and even water permeation from the root cells to the outside of the body, causing the crops to wilt and even die. The high content of sodium ions in the soil reduces the absorption of other elements such as potassium and phosphorus by crops, damaging the physiological functions of crops.

[0003] Soybean is an annual herb of the genus Glycine in the family Leguminosae, which is an important oil, food and light industrial raw material, and an important source of protein, and has a wide range of uses and values in various industries. Soybean itself can adapt to a certain saline-alkali environment and has good nitrogen fixation effect. Planting soybeans can not only bring economic benefits, but also improve the soil. How to realize high yield of soybeans in saline-alkali soil on the basis of the existing has attracted more and more attention. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above problems, the application provides a high-yield cultivation technology for soybeans in saline-alkali soil, which uses modified material-based microbial preparation to improve the saline-alkali soil, and has certain improvement on the physicochemical properties of light salinization soil, heavy salinization soil and saline soil. Combined with the use of seed coating inner liquid and seed coating outer liquid, the germination of soybean seeds in saline-alkali soil can be significantly improved, and a higher soybean yield can be obtained.

[0005] A high-yield cultivation technology for soybeans in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Saline-alkali soil pretreatment: deep ploughing the saline-alkali soil and adding modified material-based microbial preparation, and then ploughing;

[0007] S2. Soybean seed pretreatment: removing unqualified seeds by soybean seed flotation screening, completely immersing the soybean seeds in the seed coating inner liquid after natural air drying, taking out after 30-60 seconds, uniformly laying after natural air drying, spraying the seed coating outer liquid, and storing for use after natural air drying;

[0008] S3. Soybean sowing: evenly sow the pretreated soybean seeds of step S2, and manage normally.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the deep ploughing reaches 30-40 cm, the modified material-based microbial preparation is added in an amount of 400-500 L / ha, the ridge height is 8-10 cm, the ridge width is 50-60 cm, and the ridge distance is 80-100 cm.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the natural air drying can be replaced by cold air drying.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the soybean seeds should be stored in a low-temperature environment, preferably at 4-10°C.

[0012] Preferably, the modified material-based microbial preparation is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction: 4-6 parts of biochar, 2-8 parts of modified polyamino acid, and 1-3 parts of bacterial suspension.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified material-based microbial preparation is as follows:

[0014] L1. Clean the rice bundle with deionized water, dry it thoroughly in an oven, cut it into sections, and then put it into a crusher for crushing. Obtain rice bundle powder by passing through a 40-50 mesh sieve. Put the rice bundle powder into a tube furnace and pyrolyze it at a high temperature of 550-600°C for 1-2 hours. After the end, regrind and pass through a 30-40 mesh sieve to obtain biochar.

[0015] L2. Dissolve the polyamino acid in distilled water to obtain a polyamino acid solution. Mix it with an equal volume of a metal ion solution to obtain a mixed solution A. Adjust the pH of the mixed solution A to 6.5-7.5. Ultrasonically treat it at a power of 60-80 W and a temperature of 40-60°C for 15-30 minutes. After the end, add anhydrous ethanol and centrifuge it at a centrifugal force of 6000-8000 g for 15-20 minutes. Wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol for 3-4 times. Vacuum freeze-dry to obtain modified polyamino acid.

[0016] L3. Add the biochar obtained in step L1 to the bacterial suspension and culture it in a shaking bed at 35-38°C at a speed of 150-200 rpm for 1-2 hours. After the end, naturally cool it to room temperature. Add the modified polyamino acid obtained in step L2, stir it uniformly, and then store it at 4°C to obtain the modified material-based microbial preparation.

[0017] In particular, in step L1, the whole pyrolysis process is carried out under the participation of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.

[0018] In particular, the polyamino acid in step L2 is preferably polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid, the concentration of the polyamino acid solution is 24-28 g / mL, the metal ion solution contains calcium ions and magnesium ions, the concentration of the calcium ions is 0.4-0.5 g / mL, the concentration of the magnesium ions is 0.4-0.6 g / mL, and the amount of the added anhydrous ethanol after ultrasonic treatment is 6-8 times the volume of the mixed solution A;

[0019] In particular, the bacterial suspension in step L3 is an AM bacterial suspension, and the density is 1x10 8 -5x10 9 CFU / mL.

[0020] Preferably, the inner liquid of the seed coating is a pest control agent, the pest control agent is a single or compound agent with thiamethoxam, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M as the effective component, or other agents that can effectively protect soybean seeds from pests and diseases, and the selection and prevention can be performed according to the common pests and diseases of soybean in a specific production area.

[0021] Preferably, the preparation method of the outer liquid of the seed coating is as follows:

[0022] V1. Red phosphorus and chitosan are mixed, and grinding is performed at a rotating speed of 320-350 rpm for 3-5 hours to obtain a mixture A;

[0023] V2. Acrylamide is dissolved in water, carboxymethyl cellulose, Tween 80 and the mixture A obtained in step V1 are added, and continuous stirring is performed at a rotating speed of 400-500 rpm for 20-30 minutes to obtain the outer liquid of the seed coating.

[0024] In particular, the mass ratio of red phosphorus to chitosan in step V1 is 2-4:3-8, the grinding is performed by using a planetary ball mill, the grinding particle medium is preferably zirconia, and the ratio of the grinding ball to the material is maintained at 10-15:1.

[0025] In particular, the mass ratio of acrylamide to water to carboxymethyl cellulose to Tween 80 to the mixture A in step V2 is 8-12:100-150:2-5:0.3-0.6:30-35.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0027] The present application prepares rice bundles into biochar, to some extent realizes the recycling of agricultural waste, and the biochar combined with modified polyamino acid can effectively improve saline-alkali soil. The biochar is co-cultured with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to realize the loading of microorganisms, so that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play the advantage of improving soil in saline-alkali soil. After deep ploughing treatment, the modified material-based microbial preparation can be uniformly dispersed in the saline-alkali soil, and can improve the pH and other physical and chemical properties of the slightly salinized soil, the heavily salinized soil and the saline soil, thereby developing a suitable environment for soybean planting in advance. The inner liquid of the seed coating realizes the basic insect prevention function, and the outer liquid of the seed coating contains red phosphorus, which can create a slightly acidic environment, which is beneficial to the germination of soybean seeds, and can also neutralize the saline-alkali environment contacted by the soybean seeds, protect the normal development of the soybean seeds, and acrylamide and carboxymethyl cellulose can uniformly disperse the mixture A, and further protect the soybean seeds. In order to avoid the influence of the seed coating outer liquid covering too thick on the growth of soybean seeds, a spraying mode is used for treatment, and part of the uncoated surface is reserved to solve the problem.

[0028] The saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology of the present application can significantly improve the germination of soybean seeds in saline-alkali soil and obtain higher soybean yield under the participation of modified material-based microbial preparation and the inner liquid and outer liquid of seed coating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application serve to provide a further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments of the present application and the description thereof serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 The figure shows the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared for example 1 on the physical and chemical properties of different soil samples;

[0031] Figure 2 The figure shows the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared for example 2 on the physical and chemical properties of different soil samples;

[0032] Figure 3 The figure shows the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared for example 3 on the physical and chemical properties of different soil samples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Example 1: The present embodiment provides a preparation method of modified material-based microbial preparation, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0034] The modified material-based microbial preparation described in the present embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction: 4 parts of biochar, 2 parts of modified polyamino acid, and 1 part of bacterial suspension;

[0035] L1. The rice bundle is cleaned with deionized water, dried in an oven, cut into sections, and then put into a crusher for crushing. The rice bundle powder is obtained by passing through a 40-mesh sieve. The rice bundle powder is put into a tube furnace and pyrolyzed at a high temperature of 550 DEG C for 1 hour. After the end, it is ground again and passed through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar;

[0036] L2. The polyamino acid is dissolved in distilled water to obtain a polyamino acid solution with a concentration of 24 g / mL. A mixed solution A is obtained by mixing the polyamino acid solution with an equal volume of a metal ion solution. The concentration of calcium ions and magnesium ions in the metal ion solution is 0.4 g / mL. The pH of the mixed solution A is adjusted to 6.5. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out at a power of 60 W and a temperature of 40 DEG C for 15 minutes. After the end, 6 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol is added to the mixed solution A. Centrifugation is carried out at a centrifugal force of 6000 g for 15 minutes. The precipitate is washed 3 times with anhydrous ethanol. Vacuum freeze-drying is carried out to obtain the modified polyamino acid;

[0037] L3. The biochar obtained in step L1 is added to an AM fungus suspension with a density of 1 x 10 8 CFU / mL. Culturing is carried out in a shaking bed at 35 DEG C and a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 1 hour. After the end, natural cooling is carried out to room temperature. The modified polyamino acid obtained in step L2 is added. After stirring, the modified material-based microbial preparation is stored at 4 DEG C.

[0038] The polyamino acid used in the embodiment is polyglutamic acid composed of 18 glutamic acid monomers.

[0039] Example 2: A preparation method of a modified material-based microbial preparation is provided in the embodiment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0040] The modified material-based microbial preparation described in the embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in mass fractions: 5 parts of biochar, 4 parts of modified polyamino acid, and 2 parts of fungus suspension.

[0041] L1. The rice bundle is cleaned with deionized water, dried in an oven, cut into sections, and then put into a crusher for crushing. The rice bundle powder is obtained by passing through a 40-mesh sieve. The rice bundle powder is put into a tube furnace and pyrolyzed at a high temperature of 550 DEG C for 1 hour. After the end, it is ground again and passed through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar;

[0042] L2. Dissolve the polyamino acid in distilled water to obtain a polyamino acid solution with a concentration of 26 g / mL, mix with an equal volume of a metal ion solution to obtain a mixed solution A, the concentration of calcium ions in the metal ion solution is 0.45 g / mL, the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.5 g / mL, adjust the pH of the mixed solution A to 7.0, ultrasonic treatment at a power of 70 W at a temperature of 50°C for 20 minutes, after the end, add 7 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to the mixed solution A, centrifuge at a centrifugal force of 7000 g for 18 minutes, wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol 3 times, vacuum freeze-dry to obtain a modified polyamino acid;

[0043] L3. Add the biochar obtained in step L1 to an AM fungus suspension with a density of 1 x 10 9 CFU / mL, cultivate in a shaking table at 36°C at a speed of 180 rpm for 1.5 hours, after the end, naturally cool to room temperature, add the modified polyamino acid obtained in step L2, stir uniformly and store at 4°C, to obtain a modified material-based microbial preparation.

[0044] The polyamino acid used in this example is polyaspartic acid composed of 20 aspartic acid monomers.

[0045] Example 3: This example provides a preparation method of a modified material-based microbial preparation, the specific steps are as follows:

[0046] The modified material-based microbial preparation described in this example is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction: 6 parts of biochar, 8 parts of modified polyamino acid, 3 parts of fungus suspension;

[0047] L1. Clean the rice bundle with deionized water, dry it completely in an oven, cut it into sections, put it into a crusher for crushing, and obtain rice bundle powder through a 50-mesh sieve, put the rice bundle powder into a tube furnace, pyrolyze at a high temperature of 600°C for 2 hours, after the end, grind again and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain biochar;

[0048] L2. Dissolve the polyamino acid in distilled water to obtain a polyamino acid solution with a concentration of 28 g / mL, mix with an equal volume of a metal ion solution to obtain a mixed solution A, the concentration of calcium ions in the metal ion solution is 0.5 g / mL, the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.6 g / mL, adjust the pH of the mixed solution A to 7.5, ultrasonic treatment at a power of 80 W at a temperature of 60°C for 30 minutes, after the end, add 8 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to the mixed solution A, centrifuge at a centrifugal force of 8000 g for 20 minutes, wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol 4 times, vacuum freeze-dry to obtain a modified polyamino acid;

[0049] L3. Add the biochar obtained in step L1 to an AM fungus suspension with a density of 5 x 10 9The AM fungus suspension of CFU / mL is cultured in a shaker at 38°C at a speed of 200 rpm for 2 hours, and after the end, it is naturally cooled to room temperature, the modified polyamino acid obtained in step L2 is added, stirred uniformly, and then stored at 4°C to obtain a modified material-based microbial preparation.

[0050] The polyamino acid used in this example is polyaspartic acid composed of 16 aspartic acid monomers.

[0051] Example 4: This example provides a preparation method of a seed coating external liquid, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] V1. According to the mass ratio of 2:3, red phosphorus and chitosan are obtained, mixed, and then ground in a planetary ball mill at a speed of 320 rpm for 3 hours, the grinding particle medium is selected as zirconia, and the grinding ball material ratio is kept at 10:1. After grinding, mixture A is obtained;

[0053] V2. According to the mass ratio of 8:100:2:0.3:30, acrylamide, water, carboxymethyl cellulose, Tween 80, and mixture A of step V1 are obtained, and stirred at a speed of 400 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a seed coating external liquid.

[0054] Example 5: This example provides a preparation method of a seed coating external liquid, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0055] V1. According to the mass ratio of 3:5, red phosphorus and chitosan are obtained, mixed, and then ground in a planetary ball mill at a speed of 340 rpm for 4 hours, the grinding particle medium is selected as zirconia, and the grinding ball material ratio is kept at 12:1. After grinding, mixture A is obtained;

[0056] V2. According to the mass ratio of 10:120:3:0.4:32, acrylamide, water, carboxymethyl cellulose, Tween 80, and mixture A of step V1 are obtained, and stirred at a speed of 450 rpm for 25 minutes to obtain a seed coating external liquid.

[0057] Example 6: This example provides a preparation method of a seed coating external liquid, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0058] V1. According to the mass ratio of 4:8, red phosphorus and chitosan are obtained, mixed, and then ground in a planetary ball mill at a speed of 350 rpm for 5 hours, the grinding particle medium is selected as zirconia, and the grinding ball material ratio is kept at 15:1. After grinding, mixture A is obtained;

[0059] V2. According to the mass ratio of 12:150:5:0.6:35, acrylamide, water, carboxymethyl cellulose, Tween 80, and mixture A of step V1 are obtained, and stirred at a speed of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a seed coating external liquid.

[0060] Embodiment 7: The embodiment provides a saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0061] S1. Saline-alkali soil pretreatment: deep plowing of the saline-alkali soil to 30 cm, adding the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in embodiment 1, the adding amount is 400 liters per hectare, after leveling, ridging, the ridge height is 8 cm, the ridge width is 50 cm, and the ridge distance is 80 cm;

[0062] S2. Soybean seed pretreatment: removing unqualified seeds by flotation screening, completely immersing the seeds in the seed coating inner liquid after natural air-drying, taking out after 30 seconds, uniformly laying after natural air-drying, spraying the seed coating outer liquid prepared in embodiment 4, and storing in a 4℃ environment for standby after natural air-drying;

[0063] S3. Soybean seeding: uniformly seeding the soybean seeds pretreated in step S2, and normally managing.

[0064] The seed coating inner liquid of the embodiment is a preparation obtained by compounding 3% thiamethoxam, 1% fludioxonil and 1% mefenoxam at a ratio of 1:1:1.

[0065] Embodiment 8: The embodiment provides a saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0066] S1. Saline-alkali soil pretreatment: deep plowing of the saline-alkali soil to 35 cm, adding the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in embodiment 2, the adding amount is 450 liters per hectare, after leveling, ridging, the ridge height is 9 cm, the ridge width is 55 cm, and the ridge distance is 90 cm;

[0067] S2. Soybean seed pretreatment: removing unqualified seeds by flotation screening, completely immersing the seeds in the seed coating inner liquid after natural air-drying, taking out after 50 seconds, uniformly laying after natural air-drying, spraying the seed coating outer liquid prepared in embodiment 5, and storing in an 8℃ environment for standby after natural air-drying;

[0068] S3. Soybean seeding: uniformly seeding the soybean seeds pretreated in step S2, and normally managing.

[0069] The seed coating inner liquid of the embodiment is a preparation obtained by compounding 2% thiamethoxam, 2% fludioxonil and 1% mefenoxam at a ratio of 1:1:1.

[0070] Embodiment 9: The embodiment provides a saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0071] S1. Saline-alkali soil pretreatment: deep plowing of the saline-alkali soil to 40 cm, adding the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in embodiment 3, the adding amount is 500 liters per hectare, after leveling, ridging, the ridge height is 10 cm, the ridge width is 60 cm, and the ridge distance is 100 cm;

[0072] S2. Soybean seed pretreatment: The soybean seeds were screened by a floatation screen to remove unqualified seeds, then completely immersed in the inner liquid of the seed coating after natural air-drying, and then taken out after standing for 60 seconds. After natural air-drying, the soybean seeds were evenly laid and sprayed with the outer liquid of the seed coating prepared in Example 6. After natural air-drying, the soybean seeds were stored in an environment at 10°C for standby.

[0073] S3. Soybean planting: The soybean seeds pretreated in step S2 were evenly planted and normally managed.

[0074] The inner liquid of the seed coating in this example was a pesticide obtained by compounding 2% thiamethoxam, 2% fludioxonil and 2% mefenoxam at a ratio of 1:1:1.

[0075] I. Soil improvement verification experiment:

[0076] The soil samples of saline-alkali land in different places were obtained, part of which was used to measure the alkalization degree, pH, total salt content and organic matter content, and part of which was air-dried and then sieved through a 10-mesh sieve for storage. The results of the soil samples of saline-alkali land in different regions are as follows:

[0077] Table 1 Physicochemical properties of soil samples of saline-alkali land in different regions

[0078]

[0079] Taking sample 1 as an example, 9 portions of 300 g of the air-dried and sieved sample 1 were placed in petri dishes with a diameter of 150 mm and numbered 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3, respectively. 0.7 mL of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 1 was taken by a pipette and added to the 1-1 petri dish, and then stirred immediately to make the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 1 evenly distributed. The same operation was repeated in the 1-2 and 1-3 petri dishes. 0.7 mL of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 was taken by a pipette and added to the 2-1 petri dish, and then stirred immediately to make the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 evenly distributed. The same operation was repeated in the 2-2 and 2-3 petri dishes. 0.7 mL of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 3 was taken by a pipette and added to the 3-1 petri dish, and then stirred immediately to make the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 3 evenly distributed. The same operation was repeated in the 3-2 and 3-3 petri dishes. After the above operations, 120 mL of deionized water was sprayed in any of the petri dishes, and then stirred repeatedly until the soil humidity was uniform. The petri dishes were placed in a light incubator, with a light-dark ratio of 16:8 (h), a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 60% and an illumination of 8800 LX. The steps of sample 1 were repeated for sample 2 and sample 3. After 24 and 48 hours, the soil samples were taken out and the physicochemical properties of the soil samples were repeatedly measured. The effects of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 1 on the physicochemical properties of the soil samples 1, 2 and 3 are shown in Table 2. Figure 1As shown, the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 on the soil physical and chemical properties of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 3 on the soil physical and chemical properties of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 on the soil physical and chemical properties of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 on the soil physical and chemical properties of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 on the soil physical and chemical properties of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the influence of the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 on the soil physical and chemical properties of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 is as follows

[0080] II. Seed germination experiment

[0081] A certain number of healthy and plump soybean seeds of Dongsheng No. 5 were obtained, and pre-processed according to the step S2 in Examples 7-9. The seeds were planted in three types of soil, with No. 1 soil being an artificially configured soil, No. 2 soil being the soil of Sample 1, and No. 3 soil being the soil treated with the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 for 48 hours. The artificially configured soil was composed of 10% moss peat fine soil (pH = 6), 20% kaolin clay (kaolin clay being greater than 50%), 69% industrial quartz sand (containing more than 50% of fine particles of 0.05-0.2 mm), and 1% of chemically pure calcium carbonate. The Dongsheng No. 5 seeds without step S2 treatment were also planted in the same three types of soil, and were placed in a light incubator for observation of the soybean seed germination.

[0082] Table 2 Soybean seed germination rate

[0083]

[0084] The germination rate of Dongsheng No. 5 soybean seeds in different soils is shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the germination rate of soybean seeds in the artificially configured soil is the highest, and the germination rate in the soil treated with the modified material-based microbial preparation prepared in Example 2 for 48 hours can also reach more than 95%. However, the germination rate in No. 2 soil is significantly lower. The seeds without treatment are significantly affected in No. 2 soil, proving that the inner and outer seed coating liquids can play a positive role in the germination of soybean seeds in saline-alkali soil environment. The use of the modified material-based microbial preparation in combination with the inner and outer seed coating liquids can help soybean seeds to germinate normally in saline-alkali soil environment.

[0085] III. Production experiment

[0086] Five soybean seeds were provided for the experiment, specifically Hei Nong 81, Shennongdou 34, Dongsheng 9, Liaodou 24, and Heihe 46, and the characteristics of each soybean seed are shown in Table 3. The production experiment was carried out in the demonstration garden of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2021-2022, and the saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology of Example 9 was used for practice.

[0087] The field experiment adopted the random block method, with three repetitions, 6 rows, row length 10 m, row spacing 0.60 m, hole spacing 0.20 m, plot sowing area 25 m, and 5 seeds of the test line and 5 seeds of the control (Tiefeng 35) were sown, and 2 seedlings were left after germination. The test site was selected in saline-alkali soil, with consistent stubble, sowing in early May, and using herbicides to close and kill weeds within 7 days after sowing. After seedling, chemical herbicides were used for weeding, and during growth, 2 times of cultivation were carried out, daily observation was carried out, and manual weeding was carried out, and normal prevention and treatment of diseases and pests was carried out. At the time of harvest, the two sides and both ends of the plot were removed, 10 plants were sampled continuously in the harvest row for examination, the remaining was harvested and weighed, and the data was analyzed statistically. The yield per mu was calculated according to the actual harvest area.

[0088] Table 3 Characteristics of different soybean seeds

[0089]

[0090] Table 4 Soybean yield

[0091]

[0092] Under the practice of the saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology of Example 9, the five soybean seeds of Hei Nong 81, Shennongdou 34, Dongsheng 9, and Liaodou 24 all had obvious yield increase compared with the control soybean seeds, and the average yield per mu was also high, proving that the practice effect of the saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation technology was good.

[0093] The above examples are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement within the principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for soybean in saline-alkali soil, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: S1. Saline-alkali soil pretreatment: deep ploughing of saline-alkali soil and adding modified material-based microbial preparation, and then ploughing after leveling; S2. Soybean seed pretreatment: removing unqualified seeds by soybean seed flotation screening, completely immersing in seed coating inner liquid which is an insecticide after natural air drying, taking out after waiting for 30-60 seconds, uniformly laying after natural air drying, spraying seed coating outer liquid, and storing for use after natural air drying; S3. Soybean seeding: uniformly seeding the soybean seeds pretreated in step S2, and normal management; In step S1, the deep ploughing reaches 30-40 cm, the adding amount of the modified material-based microbial preparation is 400-500 L / ha, the ridge height is 8-10 cm, the ridge width is 50-60 cm, and the ridge distance is 80-100 cm; The modified material-based microbial preparation is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 4-6 parts of biochar, 2-8 parts of modified polyamino acid, and 1-3 parts of bacterial suspension; The preparation method of the modified material-based microbial preparation is as follows: L1. Clean the rice bundle with deionized water, dry it completely in an oven, cut it into sections, put it into a crusher for crushing, pass it through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain rice bundle powder, put the rice bundle powder into a tube furnace, pyrolyze it at 550-600 DEG C for 1-2 hours, grind it again after the end, pass it through a 30-40 mesh sieve to obtain biochar; L2. Dissolve the polyamino acid in distilled water to obtain a polyamino acid solution, mix it with an equal amount of a metal ion solution to obtain a mixed solution A, adjust the pH of the mixed solution A to 6.5-7.5, ultrasonic treat it at 60-80 W and 40-60 DEG C for 15-30 minutes, add anhydrous ethanol after the end, centrifuge it at 6000-8000 g for 15-20 minutes, wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol for 3-4 times, vacuum freeze dry to obtain modified polyamino acid; L3. Add the biochar obtained in step L1 to the bacterial suspension, culture it in a shaker at 35-38 DEG C and 150-200 rpm for 1-2 hours, naturally cool it to room temperature after the end, add the modified polyamino acid obtained in step L2, stir it uniformly, and store it at 4 DEG C to obtain the modified material-based microbial preparation; The preparation method of the seed coating outer liquid is as follows: V1. Mix red phosphorus and chitosan, grind them at 320-350 rpm for 3-5 hours to obtain a mixture A; V2. Dissolve acrylamide in water, add carboxymethyl cellulose, Tween 80, and the mixture A obtained in step V1, continuously stir at 400-500 rpm for 20-30 minutes to obtain the seed coating outer liquid.

2. The saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the polyamino acid solution in step L2 is 24-28 g / mL, the metal ion solution contains calcium ions and magnesium ions, the concentration of the calcium ions is 0.4-0.5 g / mL, the concentration of the magnesium ions is 0.4-0.6 g / mL, the amount of the added anhydrous ethanol after the ultrasonic treatment is 6-8 times the volume of the mixed solution A, the bacterial suspension in step L3 is the AM bacterial suspension, the density is 1 x 10 8 -5 x 10 9 CFU / mL.

3. The saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The insecticide is a single or complex agent with thiamethoxam, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl-M as effective components.

4. The saline-alkali soil soybean high-yield cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step V1, the mass ratio of red phosphorus to chitosan is 2-4:3-8, a planetary ball mill is used for grinding, zirconia is used as the grinding particle medium, and the ball-to-material ratio is maintained at 10-15:1; in step V2, the mass ratio of acrylamide to water to carboxymethyl cellulose to Tween 80 to the mixture A is 8-12:100-150:2-5:0.3-0.6:30-35.

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