Combined mining method and system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies

Abstract

The present invention provides a combined mining method and system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies. The method first divides the ore body into a number of ore blocks from bottom to top, and then divides the ore blocks into an upward approach filling method stope and an upward layered filling method stope along the direction of the ore body, adopts layered mining from bottom to top, and fills each layer after the layered mining is completed. After each layered filling mining is completed, the side walls adjacent to the upper layered filling method stope and the upper approach filling method stope that have completed the mining are supported by automatic induction grouting anchor rods. In the above manner, the present invention combines the upward layered filling method and the upward approach filling method combined mining method, which reduces the overall support cost and engineering volume, improves the production capacity of the stope, accelerates production efficiency, and shortens the operation cycle time of the stope compared to the use of a single upward layered filling mining method or upward approach filling method mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular to a combined mining method and system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] In the field of metal mineral mining, it has always been a difficult problem to mine extremely broken and thick ore bodies with complex mining conditions. At present, the traditional mining methods for mining such ore bodies mainly include upward layered filling method, upward approach filling mining method, downward approach filling mining method, etc. However, these mining methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. For some ore bodies in special environments, the single traditional upward approach filling mining method and downward approach filling mining method also have some disadvantages, such as small production capacity, complex process, high mining cost and other problems. At present, the single upward approach filling method or downward approach filling method is difficult to adapt to the mining of such ore bodies.

[0003] The traditional upward layered filling method is suitable for difficult-to-mine ore bodies with inclined medium-thickness, medium-stable or stable ore bodies, and poor surrounding rock stability, but it has the advantages of large production capacity and relatively low mining costs. The upward layered filling method is used to mine extremely broken ore bodies, which requires management of the stope roof and pre-support of the roof. Although the production capacity is greater than that of the approach method, it also has the disadvantages of difficult on-site management, long support time, and complex process.

[0004] The Chinese patent with publication number CN113719287A discloses a method for filling mining in a downward approach of a complex broken ore body. This method reduces the amount of mining and cutting work in mining this type of ore body, improves technical and economic benefits, optimizes mining and filling management, and uses a false roof construction process to enhance the false roof stability, so that the surrounding rock filling body and adjacent filling bodies form an integral effective bearing structure to ensure the safety of the lower layer mining and filling operation. Although this mining method is both safe and economical, it has a high comprehensive mining cost and a small production capacity.

[0005] The Chinese patent with publication number CN111997617A discloses a partitioned upward layered filling mining method for a medium-thick, steeply inclined and extremely broken ore body. The mining method divides the ore block structure, divides the ore body into multiple stages in the vertical direction, divides multiple stopes along the ore body direction in the stage, divides the stope into multiple partition units, 3 to 5 partitions constitute a stope unit, and separate ore walls are left between the partition units. The mining method has the advantages of less ore loss and dilution, safe and efficient recovery, and no displacement of the surface. However, the mining method uses long anchor cable support, which has the problems of high support cost, complex process, and low overall mining efficiency.

[0006] Chinese Patent with Publication No. CN102251773A discloses a drift-type upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method suitable for mining extremely complex ore bodies. In this method, the footwall of the ore body in the mining area is flat with the bottom of the ore body, and an auxiliary operation drift with a width of 4 m and a height of 2.8 m is excavated in the same vertical plane as the transportation drift. After construction, an upward filling ventilation raise is connected to the return airway, and then mining construction is carried out. The mining construction is carried out by cross-excavating the primary drift and the secondary drift at equal distances, with upward stoping and cross-filling until the top of the ore body is reached. Although this method combines the advantages of the traditional upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method and the upward drift cut-and-fill mining method and can recover ore resources at low cost under extremely complex geological conditions, it has the disadvantages of difficult on-site construction organization and management, high production cost, and complex process.

[0007] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved combined mining method and system for extremely fractured medium-thick ore bodies to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Aiming at the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined mining method and system for extremely fractured medium-thick ore bodies, and to provide a mining method with simple structure, good stoping safety, high mining efficiency and large production capacity for extremely fractured ore bodies, especially medium-thick ore bodies, so as to improve the production capacity of the entire large stope.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a combined mining method for extremely fractured medium-thick ore bodies, including the following steps:

[0010] S1. Divide the ore body into several ore blocks from bottom to top;

[0011] S2. Divide any one of the ore blocks into two stopes along the strike of the ore body, including an upward cut-and-fill stope and an upward drift cut-and-fill stope;

[0012] S3. Arrange the development and cutting engineering of the upward cut-and-fill stope and the upward drift cut-and-fill stope, and pre-support the adjacent side walls of the upward cut-and-fill stope and the upward drift cut-and-fill stope;

[0013] S4. Carry out stoping on the upward cut-and-fill stope and the upward drift cut-and-fill stope respectively, using the adjacent stope stoping method, and the stoping of the upward cut-and-fill stope lags behind that of the upward drift cut-and-fill stope by at least one cycle. At the same time, the stoping of the upward drift cut-and-fill stope adopts the method of mining every other stope;

[0014] S5. For the stope of upward drift filling method, after the first drift is mined, filling work is carried out on the stope of upward slicing filling method and the first drift stope, then the second drift stope is mined and filled. After the filling is completed, pre-support is carried out on the sidewalls adjacent to the stope of upward slicing filling method and the stope of upward drift filling method, and then the stope of upward slicing filling method and the stope of upward drift filling method are continuously mined; after the filling of the entire large stope is completed, the next slice is mined and filled.

[0015] S6. Sequentially and repeatedly execute steps S4 and S5 until the mining of the level is completed.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the height of the ore block is 60 m and the length of the ore block is 40 m.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the stopes of upward slicing filling mining method and upward drift filling method are arranged at intervals along the strike of the ore body. The length of the stope of upward slicing filling method is 40 m, the width is 5 m, the slicing height is 3 m, of which the pre-controlled roof height is 6 - 7 m and the filling height is 3 - 4 m; the length of the stope of upward drift filling method is 40 m, the width is 5 m, the drift size is 2.5 m in width and 3.3 m in height.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the sidewall pre-support adopts automatic induction grouting bolts. The length of the grouting bolts is 1.8 - 2.4 m, the diameter of the grouting conduit is 50 mm, the grouting holes with a diameter of φ8 mm are drilled on the bolts, and the bolt spacing is 0.75 m×1.50 m.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, the stope of upward drift filling method is mined in a way of mining every other one along the strike of the ore body. The upward drift size is 2.5 m in width and 3.3 m in height; the upward slicing filling method is mined in a way of full mining along the strike of the ore body, and is mined layer by layer from bottom to top. The maximum controlled roof height of each slice is 6 - 7 m, the minimum controlled roof height is 3 m, the slicing height is 3 m, and the filling height is 3 - 4 m.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S5, the filling of the stope of upward slicing filling method and the stope of upward drift filling method adopts staged filling. In different intervals and positions of the stope, the strength and ratio of the filling body are different. The filling height is 3.3 m and is filled in 3 times. The filling height of the first 2 times is 1.4 m, and the last time is roof contact filling with a height of 0.5 m; a 3 - m mining space is reserved for the next slice of the stope of upward slicing filling method.

[0021] The present invention also provides a combined mining system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies. Using the above-mentioned combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies, it includes a number of ore blocks divided from bottom to top. The ore blocks include an upward slicing and filling stope and an upward drift and filling stope divided along the strike of the ore body.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the adjacent sidewalls of the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope are pre-supported by automatic induction grouting bolts.

[0023] Furthermore, the automatic induction grouting bolt includes a bolt body, a grout stop plug, a backing plate, a nut, a thread sequentially arranged at the lower part of the bolt body, a grouting duct extending from the bottom of the bolt body into the bolt body, a grouting hole arranged on the outer side of the bolt body, a slurry sensor arranged at the top end of the bolt body, and a slurry induction controller connected to the slurry sensor.

[0024] Furthermore, the slurry induction controller includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light, and a control switch communicated with the slurry sensor.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The combined mining method and system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention combines upward slicing and upward drift and filling methods for combined mining. Compared with using a single upward slicing and filling mining method or upward drift and filling method to extract this type of ore body, this combined mining method reduces the overall support cost and engineering volume, improves the overall safety of the stope and the comprehensive production capacity of the entire large stope, speeds up the production efficiency, and shortens the operation cycle time of the stope.

[0027] 2. By using automatic induction grouting bolts to support the sidewalls, the present invention simplifies the support process flow, thereby overall speeding up the support efficiency and, while ensuring the stability of the sidewalls, speeding up the stoping efficiency.

[0028] 3. By combining upward slicing and upward drift and filling methods for combined mining, compared with using a single upward slicing and filling mining method or upward drift and filling method to extract this type of ore body, the present invention has a low ore loss and dilution rate. At the same time, according to the in-situ lithology situation, the stope layout is more flexible and simple, the on-site organization and management are simple, and it is easy to improve the operation efficiency.

[0029] 4. Both the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope of the present invention use mechanized rock drilling and ore caving, which improves the rock drilling efficiency of the entire large stope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a front view of the combined mining system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the side view in the Ⅲ-Ⅲ direction of

[0032] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the top view in the Ⅱ-Ⅱ direction of

[0033] Figure 4 the layout schematic diagram of the side support of the combined mining method and its system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 the structural schematic diagram of the combined mining method and its system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 the structural schematic diagram of the automatic induction grouting bolt of the combined mining method and its system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the slurry induction control switch of the combined mining system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 is the process flow schematic diagram of the combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies provided by the present invention.

[0038] Reference numerals

[0039] 1 - Sublevel transportation roadway; 2 - Sublevel connection roadway; 3 - Ore block; 4 - Caved ore; 5 - Heading stope; 6 - Bolt body; 7 - Sublevel drift; 8 - Crosscut ore pass; 9 - Filling return airway; 10 - Grout plug; 11 - Backing plate; 12 - Nut; 13 - Thread; 14 - Grouting conduit; 15 - Grouting hole; 16 - Slurry sensor; 17 - Slurry induction controller; 18 - Red indicator light; 19 - Green indicator light; 20 - Control switch; 21 - Upward sublevel filling method stope; 22 - Upward heading filling method stope. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Here, it should also be noted that in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution of the present invention are shown in the drawings, while other details less related to the present invention are omitted.

[0042] In addition, it should be noted that the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies, including the following steps:

[0044] S1. Divide the ore body into several ore blocks 3 from bottom to top.

[0045] Specifically, the height of the ore block 3 is 60m and the length is 40m.

[0046] S2. Divide any one of the ore blocks 3 into 2 stopes along the strike of the ore body, including an upward slicing and filling stope 21 and an upward drift and filling stope 22.

[0047] Specifically, the upward slicing and filling mining stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22 are arranged at intervals along the strike of the ore body. The length of the upward slicing and filling stope 21 is 40m, the width is 5m, the slicing height is 3m, with a pre-controlled roof height of 6 - 7m and a filling height of 3 - 4m; the length of the upward drift and filling stope 22 is 40m, the width is 5m, the drift size is 2.5m in width and 3.3m in height.

[0048] S3. Arrange the development and cut-off engineering for the upward slicing and filling stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22, and pre-support the adjacent side walls of the upward slicing and filling stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22.

[0049] Specifically, the side wall pre-support uses automatic induction grouting bolts. The length of the automatic induction grouting bolts is 1.8 - 2.4m, the diameter of the grouting conduit 14 is 50mm, the grouting holes 15 with a diameter of φ8mm are drilled on the bolts, and the bolt spacing is 0.75m × 1.50m.

[0050] S4. Conduct stoping for the upward slicing and filling stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22 respectively, using the adjacent stope stoping method, and the stoping of the upward slicing and filling stope 21 lags behind the upward drift and filling stope 22 by at least one cycle. At the same time, the stoping of the upward drift and filling stope 22 adopts the method of mining every other one.

[0051] Specifically, the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method is mined in a one-out-of-two manner along the strike of the ore body. The width of the upward drift is 2.5 m and the height is 3.3 m. The stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method is mined in a full-face manner along the strike of the ore body, and mined layer by layer from bottom to top. The controlled roof height of each slice is 6 - 7 m, the slice height is 3 m, and the filling height is 3 - 4 m. The stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method are mined in adjacent ore rooms, and the mining of the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method lags behind that of the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method by at least one cycle.

[0052] S5. For the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method, after the first drift is mined, the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and the first drift stope are filled. Then, the second drift stope is mined and filled. After the filling is completed, the adjacent sidewalls of the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method are pre-supported, and then the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method are continuously mined. After the filling of the entire large stope is completed, the next slice is mined and filled.

[0053] Specifically, the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method are filled in stages. In different intervals and positions of the stope, the strength and ratio of the filling body are different. The filling height is 3.3 m and is filled in 3 times. The filling height of the first 2 times is 1.4 m, and the last time is roof contact filling with a height of 0.5 m. A 3-m mining space is reserved for the next slice of the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method.

[0054] S6. Steps S4 and S5 are cyclically repeated in sequence until the mining of the middle section is completed.

[0055] The present invention also provides a combined mining system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies, which adopts the above-mentioned combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies and includes a number of ore blocks 3 divided from bottom to top. The ore block 3 includes a stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and a stope 22 of the upward drift filling method divided along the strike of the ore body.

[0056] The adjacent sidewalls of the stope 21 of the upward slicing filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift filling method are pre-supported by automatic induction grouting bolts.

[0057] The automatic induction grouting bolt includes a bolt body 6, a grout stop plug 10, a backing plate 11, a nut 12, a thread 13, a grouting duct 14 extending from the bottom of the bolt body 6 into the bolt body 6, a grouting hole 15 arranged on the outer side of the bolt body 6, a grout sensor 16 arranged at the top of the bolt body 6, and a grout induction controller 17 connected to the grout sensor 16.

[0058] The slurry induction controller 17 includes a red indicator light 18, a green indicator light 19, and a control switch 20 connected to the slurry sensor.

[0059] The grouting working principle of the automatic induction grouting bolt is as follows: When the slurry induction controller 17 activates the control switch 20 button, the slurry automatically enters the grouting hole 15 through the grouting conduit 14. The slurry sensor 16 at the top of the automatic induction grouting bolt senses the slurry and will feedback the signal to the slurry induction controller 17. If the red indicator light 18 lights up, it means the grouting is full and the grouting automatically stops; if the green indicator light 19 lights up, it indicates that the grouting has not ended and the grouting is in progress. Using the automatic induction grouting bolt can avoid the waste of slurry and achieve automatic control, thereby improving the support efficiency, reducing the support cost, and accelerating the extraction time.

[0060] The following will describe a combined mining method and its system for extremely broken ore bodies provided by the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0061] Embodiment 1

[0062] This embodiment provides a combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies, including the following steps:

[0063] S1. Divide the ore body into several ore blocks 3 from bottom to top.

[0064] The ore blocks 3 are divided along the strike within the middle section, with a length of 40 m, a width equal to the thickness of the ore body of 10 m, no intermediate pillars left between the ore blocks, a height of 60 m, a sublevel height of 10 m, a slice height of 3.3 m, and no top and bottom pillars left.

[0065] S2. Divide any one of the ore blocks 3 into 2 stopes along the strike of the ore body, including an upward slicing and filling stope 21 and an upward drift and filling stope 22.

[0066] The upward slicing and filling mining stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22 are both arranged along the strike of the ore body, adjacent and arranged at intervals left and right in the same horizontal direction. The upward slicing and filling stope 21 has a length of 40 m, a width of 5 m, a slice height of 3 m, a pre-controlled roof height of 6.3 m, and a filling height of 3.3 m; the upward drift and filling stope 22 has a length of 40 m, a width of 5 m, and the drift size is 2.5 m (width) × 3.3 m (height).

[0067] S3. Arrange the development and cutting engineering of the upward slicing and filling stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22, and pre-support the adjacent side walls of the upward slicing and filling stope 21 and the upward drift and filling stope 22.

[0068] The ore drift method is adopted for development. The ramp is arranged in the footwall surrounding rock of the ore body. A sectional level roadway 7 is arranged every 10 m of the stope descent. The sectional connecting roadway communicates with the ramp. Each layer of the stope enters the ore body through the sectional level roadway 7 by driving the lamination connecting roadway 2. Each section can serve three lamination stopes. Starting from the sectional level roadway 7, a lamination connecting roadway 2 is driven every 80 m along the strike of the ore body to reach the footwall of the ore body. After the lamination connecting roadway 2 reaches the footwall of the ore body, a horizontal lamination ore-drawing roadway is continuously driven forward until it penetrates the hanging wall of the ore body. A filling return airway 9 is arranged in each stope, and an off-vein ore pass 8 is arranged according to the transportation distance. The vertical lamination transportation roadway 1 is respectively arranged in the upward lamination filling stope 21 and the upward drift filling stope 22, with a 2 m 3 The load-haul-dump machine enters the respective stope through the lamination transportation roadway 1 and shovels the ore 4 caved from the drift into the off-vein ore pass 8.

[0069] After blasting in the upward lamination filling stope 21, the hanging wall and roof are exposed. After ventilation, scaling is carried out to remove the floating rocks on the roof and sidewalls. The roof of the upward lamination filling stope 21 is not supported, but the adjacent sidewalls of the upward lamination filling stope 21 and the upward drift filling stope 22 are pre-supported. The automatically inductive grouting bolt injects the proportioned high-strength grout into the designated position through the grouting duct 14 for anchoring support. The length of the automatically inductive grouting bolt is 2.4 m, the diameter of the grouting duct 14 is 50 mm, the grouting holes 15 with a diameter of φ8 mm are drilled on the bolt, and the bolt spacing is 0.75 m×1.50 m. Among them, the automatically inductive grouting bolt includes a bolt body 6, a grout plug 10, a backing plate 11, a nut 12, a thread 13, a grouting duct 14, a grouting hole 15, a grout sensor 16, and a grout induction controller 17; the grout induction controller 17 includes a red indicator light 18, a green indicator light 19, and a control switch 20.

[0070] The grouting working principle of the automatically inductive grouting bolt is as follows: when the control switch 20 button of the grout induction controller 17 is activated, the grout automatically enters the grouting hole 15 through the grouting duct 14, transports the grout to the designated position for grouting and anchoring. The grout sensor 16 located at the top of the automatically inductive grouting bolt senses the grout and feeds back the signal to the grout induction controller 17. If the red indicator light 18 lights up, it means that the grouting is full and the grouting automatically stops; if the green indicator light 19 lights up, it indicates that the grouting has not ended and the grouting is in progress. The use of the automatically inductive grouting bolt can avoid waste of grout and realize automatic control, thereby improving the support efficiency, reducing the support cost, and accelerating the stoping time.

[0071] S4. The stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method are mined respectively. Among them, the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method are mined in the adjacent ore room mining mode, and the mining of the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method lags behind the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method by at least one cycle. At the same time, the mining of the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method adopts the method of mining every other one.

[0072] In the first slice of the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method, the mining height is 6.3m, the filling height is 3.3m, and the remaining 3.0m is used as the working space for the mining of the upper slice. When mining the upper slice, the mining height each time is 3.3m and the filling height is 3.3m. That is, the maximum roof control height of the stope is 6.3m, and the roof control height is 3.0m. When mining the first slice, blasting is carried out with the cutting drift as the free face, and for other slices, sub-horizontal holes are used to carry out ore caving with the lower space as the free face and compensation space.

[0073] The mining of the upward slicing drift stope starts from the bottom draw cut drift at the draw level, and the drifts are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The adjacent drifts are mined in the way of mining every other one. The adjacent mining drifts between the upper and lower slices are arranged in a staggered shape with a half-drift width offset or in a staggered arrangement between the upper and lower slice drifts. The cross-sectional dimensions of the drifts in the first mined slice are 2.5m (width) × 3.3m (height).

[0074] The adjacent ore room mining mode is adopted for the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method. That is, the drifts close to the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method are mined first. At the same time, the mining of the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method lags behind the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method by at least one round of advance.

[0075] For both the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method and the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method, a shallow-hole rock drilling jumbo is used for rock drilling, and the holes are arranged in the roadway driving mode. The ore caved in the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method and the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method is transported by a 2m 3 electric LHD. After the LHD scoops the ore from the drift, it transports the ore to the slice ore draw roadway, and then dumps it into the off-vein ore pass 8 through the slice connection roadway 2 and the sublevel drift 7.

[0076] S5. For the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method, after the first drift is mined, the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method and the first drift stope are filled. Then, the second drift stope is mined and filled. After the filling is completed, the sidewalls adjacent to the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method are pre-supported, and then the stope 21 of the upward slicing and filling method and the stope 22 of the upward drift and filling method are continuously mined; after the filling of the entire large stope is completed, the next slice is mined and filled.

[0077] The filling of the upward layered filling method stope 21 and the upward approach filling method stope 22 are both carried out in stages. The strength and proportion of the filling body are different in different sections and positions of the stope. The filling height of the upward layered filling method stope 21 and the upward approach filling method stope 22 are both 3.3m, which are filled in three times. The first two filling heights are 1.4m, and the last one is the top filling with a height of 0.5m. A 3m recovery space is reserved for the next layer of the upward layered filling method stope 21.

[0078] For the upward approach filling method stope 22, after the first approach is mined, the upward layer filling method stope 21 and the first approach stope 5 are filled, using full tailings cementation filling, and then the second approach stope 5 is mined and filled. After the filling of the entire large stope is completed, the next layer is mined and filled. The order of filling and mining of other layer stopes is analogous.

[0079] The filling work can be carried out after the filling pipeline, filling retaining wall and exhaust pipe are erected. That is, before filling, the mine entrance to be filled should be cleaned and the field should be leveled. The filling pipe passes through the filling return air shaft 9 to the layered mine exit tunnel, enters the mining field and the access road to be filled, and the filling pipe is erected at the highest point of the mining field and the access road. During the filling process, the exhaust pipe of the filling access road should be carefully observed. When the filling has been connected to the top, that is, when the exhaust pipe discharges water or slurry, the filling should be stopped.

[0080] In order to ensure the filling effect, the filling body strength is required to be no less than 1MPa, the bottom 1.0m of the filling body is filled with high-strength filling body, the filling body strength is no less than 2MPa, and at the same time, the surface filling is carried out within the 0.5m high range above the filling body, and the surface filling strength is no less than 2MPa, ensuring the rock drilling rig and 2m 3 Normal operation of the scraper.

[0081] For the entry filling of the upward entry filling method stope 22, the filling must be as close to the top as possible. In order to ensure that the filling is close to the top, the entry is backfilled with a slope of 3° to 5°. And the filling pipe water and pipe washing water do not enter the filling area.

[0082] S6. Repeat steps S4 and S5 in sequence until the middle section mining is completed.

[0083] In summary, the present invention provides a combined mining method and system for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies, which combines upward stratification and upward approach filling method for combined mining. Compared with the use of a single upward stratification filling mining method or upward approach filling method for mining, it reduces the overall support cost and engineering workload, improves the production capacity of the mining site, speeds up production efficiency, and shortens the operation cycle time of the mining site. The present invention is suitable for the mining of extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies in areas where the ore bodies are inclined, the ore rocks are broken and unstable, and engineering geological disasters are prone to occur locally.

[0084] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Divide the ore body into several ore blocks from bottom to top; S2. Divide any one of the ore blocks along the strike of the ore body into two stopes, including an upward slicing and filling stope and an upward drift and filling stope; S3. Arrange the development and cutting engineering of the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope, and pre-support the adjacent side walls of the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope; S4. Conduct stoping on the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope respectively, adopting the adjacent ore room stoping method, and the stoping of the upward slicing and filling stope lags behind the upward drift and filling stope by at least one cycle. At the same time, the stoping of the upward drift and filling stope adopts the method of mining every other one; S5. For the upward drift and filling stope, after the first drift is mined, conduct filling work on the upward slicing and filling stope and the first drift stope, then mine and fill the second drift stope. After the filling is completed, pre-support the adjacent side walls of the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope, and then continue to mine the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope; after the filling of the entire large stope is completed, mine and fill the next layer; S6. Repeat steps S4 and S5 in sequence until the stoping of the level is completed.

2. The combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the height of the ore block is 60m, and the length of the ore block is 40m.

3. The combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope are arranged at intervals along the strike of the ore body. The length of the upward slicing and filling stope is 40m, the width is 5m, the slicing height is 3m, of which the pre-controlled roof height is 6 - 7m, and the filling height is 3 - 4m; the length of the upward drift and filling stope is 40m, the width is 5m, the size of the drift is 2.5m in width and 3.3m in height.

4. The combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the side wall pre-support adopts an automatic induction grouting bolt. The length of the grouting bolt is 1.8 - 2.4m, the diameter of the grouting conduit is 50mm, the grouting holes with a diameter of φ8mm are drilled on the bolt, and the bolt spacing is 0.75m×1.50m.

5. The combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the size of the upward drift is 2.5m in width and 3.3m in height; the stoping of the upward slicing and filling method adopts the method of full stoping along the strike of the ore body, mining layer by layer from bottom to top. The slicing controlled roof height is 6 - 7m, the slicing height is 3m, and the filling height is 3 - 4m.

6. The combined mining method for extremely broken medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the stope filling adopts staged filling. In different intervals and positions of the stope, the strength and ratio of the filling body are different. The filling height is 3.3m, and it is filled up in 3 times. The filling height of the first 2 times is 1.4m, and the last time is roof contact filling, with a height of 0.5m; reserve a 3m stoping space for the next layer of the upward slicing and filling stope.

7. A combined mining system for extremely fragmented medium-thick ore bodies, adopting the combined mining method for extremely fragmented medium-thick ore bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes several ore blocks divided from bottom to top. The ore block includes an upward slicing and filling stope and an upward drift and filling stope divided along the strike of the ore body.

8. The combined mining system for extremely fragmented medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjacent side walls of the upward slicing and filling stope and the upward drift and filling stope are pre-supported by automatic induction grouting bolts.

9. The combined mining system for extremely fragmented medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 8, characterized in that, The automatic sensing grouting bolt includes a bolt body, a grout stopper, a backing plate, a nut, and a thread that are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the bolt body, a grouting conduit that extends from the bottom of the bolt body into the bolt body, a grouting hole arranged on the outer side of the bolt body, a grout sensor arranged at the top end of the bolt body, and a grout induction controller connected to the grout sensor.

10. The combined mining system for extremely fragmented medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 9, characterized in that, The grout induction controller includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light, and a control switch communicated with the grout sensor.

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