A plant crusher cutter roller structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a plant crusher roller structure, including a drive shaft, a roller body expanded and sleeved on the drive shaft, at least two circumferentially distributed material passage arc grooves on the roller body surface, a fly knife support respectively disposed in each material passage arc groove and having a material passage gap, a fly knife seat mounted on the fly knife support and matching the width of the roller body, a fly knife assembly mounted on the fly knife seat, and a scraper assembly disposed on the roller body at the end of the material passage arc groove. This invention provides a larger material passage arc groove on the drum-shaped roller body, allowing the material after feeding and cutting to form a flow channel that can move smoothly within the cutting space. Combined with the scraper assembly, particles that meet the particle size requirements can be discharged, while particles that do not meet the particle size requirements are further agitated, facilitating further cutting and crushing of the material as the roller body rotates, achieving a smaller particle cutting and crushing effect. Furthermore, it is less likely to cause wet material to accumulate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to plant shredder components, and more specifically, to a plant shredder cutter roller structure. Background Technology

[0002] The treatment of agricultural and forestry waste has always been an important research topic in the field of waste treatment and resource recycling. Agricultural and forestry waste refers to materials generated in agricultural or forestry production operations that have very low value to the main means of production. These materials include various types such as rice straw, fruit tree branches, bark, and shrubs. The types and elements involved are complex, and the treatment is troublesome. Traditional treatment methods such as disposal, landfill, and incineration have made agricultural and forestry waste a major factor in environmental pollution.

[0003] Recent studies have found that agricultural and forestry waste is mostly rich in plant fiber, which has certain recycling value in industry and can be further processed into raw materials for fuel or fertilizer, such as in the organic fertilizer industry, mushroom cultivation, charcoal production, biomass pellet industry, and green soil industry. However, the processing of these raw materials has also exposed new problems with agricultural and forestry waste. These new applications require that agricultural and forestry waste be processed into fine particles before it can be used as raw materials. The main requirements are twofold: firstly, energy consumption and cost must be sufficiently low; secondly, the particle size must be sufficiently fine, typically requiring millimeter-level particles. Traditional crushing and pulverizing equipment struggles to meet both requirements simultaneously.

[0004] Agricultural and forestry wastes are diverse, varying in dryness, hardness, and initial size. Existing crushing equipment cannot handle them universally, at most processing only one or two types. Wet and soft materials, in particular, are difficult to process, significantly limiting their recycling and application. For example, traditional crushers can only process relatively dry and hard materials, not softer ones. Materials with high moisture content require pre-drying, leading to high energy consumption, low efficiency, and high costs for downstream industries. Similarly, traditional chippers can process some larger, softer, and wetter materials, but wet materials tend to stick to the cutter rollers after crushing, and softer materials are difficult to cut into smaller pieces. Overall, the main problem with traditional chippers is the large particle size of the product, only reaching the centimeter level, which does not meet the particle size requirements of downstream industries. Adding further processing steps only increases costs and energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the existing technology, the present invention provides a plant crusher cutter roller structure. Based on the redesign of the structure of a drum chipper, the cutter roller structure can meet the requirements of crushing and processing agricultural and forestry waste, and can adapt to almost all types of raw material processing requirements with different degrees of dryness and softness.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A plant crusher cutter roller structure includes a drive shaft, a roller body that is expanded and sleeved on the drive shaft, at least two material passage arc grooves evenly distributed along the circumference of the roller body surface, a fly knife support respectively disposed in each material passage arc groove and having a material passage gap, a fly knife seat disposed on the fly knife support and matching the width of the roller body, a fly knife assembly disposed on the fly knife seat, and a scraper assembly disposed on the roller body at the end of the material passage arc groove. The cutting edge of the fly knife assembly faces the beginning of the material passage arc groove and is as close as possible to the tangent direction of the circular surface where the cutting edge line is located. The diameter of the circular surface where the end edge of the scraper assembly is located is slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular surface where the cutting edge line is located.

[0008] Specifically, the scraper assembly is inclined to the circular surface where its end edge is located, and forms an acute angle with the tangent of the circular surface where its end edge is located toward the beginning of the material passage arc groove.

[0009] Preferably, the acute angle is 30° to 50°.

[0010] Specifically, the scraper assembly includes a scraper seat mounted on the roller body and connected to the end of the material passage arc groove, and a pressing scraper fixedly mounted on the scraper seat, wherein the pressing scraper and the tangent of the circular surface where its end edge is located form an acute angle toward the beginning of the material passage arc groove.

[0011] Furthermore, the end of the pressing scraper is provided with comb teeth.

[0012] Specifically, the number of material conveying arc grooves is configured to be 2 to 6, and preferably, 4 material conveying arc grooves are configured.

[0013] Specifically, the flying knife assembly is an integrated flying knife assembly, which includes a flying knife pressure seat matched and mounted on the flying knife holder, a flying knife groove set at the front end of the bottom face of the flying knife pressure seat, and a cutting head fixedly mounted in the flying knife groove set. After the cutting head is mounted in the flying knife groove set, the bottom surface of the flying knife pressure seat is flat and fits against the surface of the flying knife holder. The front end of the top face of the flying knife pressure seat is configured as an inclined surface that matches the upper side of the cutting edge of the cutting head. The flying knife pressure seat is fixedly connected to the flying knife holder by a plurality of fastening bolts arranged in parallel.

[0014] Specifically, the cutting head includes multiple cutting head units arranged side by side, each of which is individually fixed in the fly cutter slot.

[0015] Furthermore, the flying knife holder is equipped with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the cutting edge feed rate of the flying knife assembly.

[0016] Specifically, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment platform located at the rear end of the fly knife holder, an adjustment hole located on the adjustment platform, an adjustment bolt located in the adjustment hole and corresponding to the rear end of the fly knife pressure seat, and a waist-shaped hole located on the fly knife pressure seat for the fastening bolt to pass through, wherein the long axis of the waist-shaped hole is along the adjustment direction.

[0017] Specifically, the bottom front end of the flying knife holder is configured as a slope.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) This invention is based on the blade roller structure of a drum chipper. A larger material passage groove is set on the roller body, allowing the material after feeding and cutting to form a flow channel that can move smoothly within the cutting space. Combined with the scraper assembly, particles that meet the particle size requirements are discharged, while particles that do not meet the requirements are further agitated, facilitating further cutting and crushing of the material as the roller rotates, achieving a smaller particle size. Moreover, it is less likely to cause wet material to accumulate and hinder further cutting and crushing when dealing with wet materials. Furthermore, the flying knife assembly raises the cutting edge position and reduces the cutting angle, allowing the high-speed rotating flying knife (with a fixed cutter head) to cut and crush the material into even smaller particles, thus achieving a smaller particle size while maintaining controllable overall energy consumption. This invention has a simple and ingenious structural design, is convenient and reliable to use, and has low cost, making it suitable for application in the crushing of agricultural and forestry waste plants.

[0020] (2) The scraper assembly set in this invention can not only scrape up and stir the internal material when the roller rotates, making it easier for the material to form irregular movement in the cutting space so that it can be cut and crushed again, but also, through the inclined setting, a certain discharge pressure can be formed when the scraper assembly passes through the discharge port to discharge the material that meets the particle size requirements from the screen. It has a certain forced discharge effect, strengthens the material discharge effect, ensures the quality of the output material, improves the discharge efficiency, and makes it easier to feed smoothly, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the equipment for cutting and crushing.

[0021] (3) The present invention designs a flying knife assembly. The integrated flying knife assembly structure design cleverly sets a flying knife groove platform at the front end of the flying knife pressure seat. After the cutting head is installed, the strength of the flying knife assembly is guaranteed, and the position of the cutting edge is raised to be closer to the tangent of the cutting edge circle, and the cutting angle of the cutting edge is reduced, making the cutting sharper and the material cut by the cutting head smaller, which makes it easier to achieve the target particle size requirements. At the same time, after the cutting head is fixedly installed on the flying knife pressure seat, it forms an integrated structure, which can also better maintain the strength of the cutting head and prevent it from being damaged during use.

[0022] (4) The cutting head of the present invention is composed of multiple side-by-side cutting head units. Each cutting head unit is fixedly installed in the fly cutter slot and forms an integral cutting head after assembly, which maintains the consistency of the cutting edge and ensures the overall cutting and breaking effect. Moreover, when the cutting edge is damaged in a certain area, a certain cutting head unit can be replaced separately. This is very user-friendly for cutting heads that are consumable parts and effectively saves the cost of consumable materials. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circular surface where the indicator cutting edge line is located from the side in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flying knife assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flying knife pressure seat in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the application assembly state of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the above figures, the component names corresponding to the reference numerals are as follows:

[0029] 101-Drive spindle, 102-Roller body, 103-Material passage groove, 104-Flying knife support, 105-Material passage gap, 106-Flying knife holder, 110-Circular surface where the cutting edge line is located, 111-Scraper holder, 112-Pressure scraper, 113-Comb teeth, 117-Bearing seat, 118-Drive flywheel, 119-Drive sprocket, 120-Flying knife assembly, 121-Flying knife pressure seat, 122-Flying knife groove platform, 123-Cutting head unit, 124-Fasting bolt, 125-Beveled surface, 126-Adjusting platform, 127-Adjusting hole, 128-Oval hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0031] Example

[0032] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the plant crusher cutter roller structure is mainly used as a component in this newly designed plant crusher. This plant crusher is based on the basic structure improvement of a drum chipper, and the cutter roller structure is the core cutting and crushing structure of this plant crusher. Specifically, the plant crusher cutter roller structure includes a drive shaft 101, a roller body 102 that is expanded and sleeved on the drive shaft, four material passage arc grooves 103 evenly distributed around the circumference of the roller body, a fly knife support 104 that is respectively set in each material passage arc groove and has a material passage gap 105, a fly knife seat 106 that is set on the fly knife support and matches the width of the roller body, a fly knife assembly 120 that is set on the fly knife seat, and a scraper assembly that is set on the roller body at the end of the material passage arc groove. In this embodiment, the fly knife assembly is an integrated fly knife assembly. The cutting edge of the fly knife assembly faces the beginning of the material passage arc groove and is as close as possible to the tangent direction of the circular surface 110 where the cutting edge line is located. The diameter of the circular surface where the end edge of the scraper assembly is located is slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular surface where the cutting edge line is located.

[0033] The term "slightly less than" means that, under the condition that the circular surface of the end edge of the scraper assembly does not coincide with the circular surface of the cutting edge, most of the material can be touched and agitated by the scraper assembly during rotation. In drum cutting, only the cutting edge of the cutting blade contacts the cutting edge of the fixed cutter head on the machine body to achieve cutting. Other rotating parts cannot touch the cutting edge of the fixed cutter head. However, if the end edge of the scraper assembly is far from the circular surface of the cutting edge, it may lead to ineffective scraping of material. At the same time, this spacing dimension is also affected by the overall size of the equipment and the size of the material being processed, making it difficult to measure a fixed value. Those skilled in the art can adjust the spacing to a suitable size for operation based on this term.

[0034] The term "as close as possible" refers to minimizing the cutting angle between the cutting edge line and the tangent of the circular surface containing the cutting edge line, given the inherent thickness of the structural components. Theoretically, when the cutting edge is merely a plane, the cutting force is maximized and the cutting effect is best when it coincides with the tangent of that circular surface. However, in reality, cutting heads have a material thickness to ensure cutting quality. In drum cutting, the outer edge of the cutting head can only be as close as possible to the tangent of the circular surface (to avoid rotating components from hitting the fixed head). This inevitably results in a cutting angle between the cutting edge line and the tangent of the circular surface. The size of this cutting angle is influenced by various factors such as the overall size of the equipment, the thickness of the cutting head (to ensure head strength), and the size of the inner and outer surfaces of the cutting edge. It is difficult to measure a fixed value. Those skilled in the art can adjust this angle to its minimum based on this terminology and the structure of this invention. In this field, the cutting angle is generally less than 45°, and some optimized structures can be as low as 40°. However, the structural design of the flying knife assembly in this invention can reduce the cutting angle to about 35° or even lower while meeting the cutting strength requirements of the cutting head. This can improve the cutting effect (sharper cutting of the same material) and reduce the size of the cut material.

[0035] Specifically, the material passage arc groove 103 is in the form of an arc-shaped groove, formed by the roller body 102 recessing from the outer circle to the inside. The four material passage arc grooves make the entire roller body appear as an irregular cross shape when viewed from the side. This makes it convenient to set the flying knife assembly 120 in the recess of the cross shape and to set the scraper assembly in the protrusion of the cross shape. The arc-shaped groove of the material passage, combined with the material passage gap on the fly knife bracket, allows the cut material to move freely within the cutting space, preventing it from accumulating in the groove. The cutting edge of the fly knife assembly faces and approaches the beginning of the material passage, ensuring that the cut material first falls near the beginning of the passage and moves along the arc-shaped groove or material passage gap towards the rear of the passage as the roller rotates. It is then further pressed out of the discharge port by the scraper assembly or scraped up and disturbed within the cutting space. Simultaneously, due to the material's own gravity, it will always tend to move downwards. The upward movement of the fly knife assembly during rotation can also lift some of the nearby material upwards. Combined with the high-speed rotation of the entire cutter roller structure, this causes irregular disturbance of the material within the cutting space. When the irregularly moving material moves between the cutting edge of the fly knife assembly and the cutting edge of the fixed cutter head, it is cut and broken again.

[0036] Regarding the number of material conveying arc grooves 103, this embodiment uses 4 as an example for illustration, but generally 2 to 6 can basically achieve the effect described in this invention. If the number is too large, it may cause the structure of the roller body to be crowded, which will reduce the effect of the material conveying arc groove.

[0037] Specifically, the scraper assembly is inclined at its end edge circular surface, and the tangent of its end edge circular surface forms an acute angle toward the beginning of the material passage arc groove. The scraper assembly includes a scraper seat 111 disposed on the roller body and abutting the end of the material passage arc groove, and a pressing scraper 112 fixedly disposed on the scraper seat, wherein the pressing scraper and the tangent of its end edge circular surface form an acute angle toward the beginning of the material passage arc groove. Preferably, the acute angle is 30° to 50°, so as to apply a certain pressure to the material at the screen position of the discharge port to discharge the material that meets the particle size requirements.

[0038] Furthermore, the end of the pressing scraper is provided with comb teeth 113. On the one hand, the comb teeth can increase the turbulence during rotation and enhance the irregular movement of materials in the cutting space. On the other hand, they can better scrape up softer or / and thinner materials, such as straw, dry grass, twigs and their cuttings, to enhance the ability to process such materials.

[0039] Specifically, the flying knife assembly 120 is an integrated flying knife assembly, which includes a flying knife holder 121 matched and mounted on a flying knife base, a flying knife groove 122 disposed at the front end of the bottom of the flying knife holder, and a cutting head fixedly mounted in the flying knife groove. The cutting head includes multiple cutting head units 123 arranged side-by-side, each of which is individually fixed within the flying knife groove. After the cutting head is mounted in the flying knife groove, the bottom surface of the flying knife holder is flat and fits against the surface of the flying knife base. The front end of the top of the flying knife holder is configured with an inclined surface matching the upper side of the cutting edge of the cutting head. The flying knife holder is fixedly connected to the flying knife base by multiple fastening bolts 124 arranged side-by-side. The bottom of the front end of the flying knife base is configured with an inclined surface 125. This integrated fly knife assembly, through the structural cooperation of the aforementioned fly knife slot and cutting head, elevates the position of the cutting head compared to existing fly knife clamping plates that press the cutting head down (such as the cutter roller portion in patents 201921126960.7 and 201921313351.2). This reduces the angle between the cutting edge centerline and the tangent of the circular surface, resulting in better cutting performance. After the cutting head is placed in the fly knife slot, it is first fixed with bolts, and then the fly knife clamping seat is fixed to the fly knife holder. The fly knife clamping seat presses and clamps the cutting head onto the fly knife holder, ensuring the installation stability of the cutting head.

[0040] Furthermore, the fly knife holder is equipped with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the feed rate of the fly knife assembly. Specifically, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment platform 126 located at the rear end of the fly knife holder, an adjustment hole 127 located on the adjustment platform, an adjustment bolt (not shown) placed in the adjustment hole and corresponding to the rear end of the fly knife holder, and a slotted hole 128 on the fly knife holder for the fastening bolt to pass through, wherein the long axis of the slotted hole is along the adjustment direction. When adjustment is required, first loosen the fastening bolt, then rotate the adjustment bolt to move the fly knife holder to the desired position, and finally tighten the fastening bolt.

[0041] When in use, this invention is assembled onto the body of a plant crusher. During assembly, bearing seats 117 and rotating bearings are respectively installed on the transmission main shaft at both ends of the roller body. The bearing seats are placed on the machine body, and transmission flywheels 118 and transmission sprockets 119 can be installed at the corresponding ends of the transmission main shaft to realize the input of the power source and the output of transmission power.

[0042] The plant shredder using this cutter roller structure produces uniform, fine particles down to the millimeter level, with no powdery or oversized material, fully meeting the industrial raw material needs of downstream industries. Furthermore, the entire unit requires only a single power source, resulting in low energy consumption and high processing efficiency, significantly reducing plant shredding costs. More importantly, this equipment is widely applicable to agricultural and forestry waste materials, including rice straw, bamboo, branches, fruit shells, and various other types. It can process any type of plant material, regardless of dryness, softness, hardness, size, or shape, without any restrictions. This effectively expands the supply of industrial raw materials for downstream industries and effectively solves the environmental problem of the difficulty in processing existing agricultural and forestry waste.

[0043] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes made based on the design principles of the present invention, or any non-creative modifications made thereon, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutter roller structure for a plant crusher, characterized in that, The device includes a drive shaft, a roller body with an expansion sleeve mounted on the drive shaft, at least two circumferentially distributed material passage grooves on the surface of the roller body, a fly knife holder disposed in each material passage groove and having a material passage gap, a fly knife seat mounted on the fly knife holder and matching the width of the roller body, a fly knife assembly mounted on the fly knife seat, and a scraper assembly disposed on the roller body at the end of the material passage groove. The cutting edge of the fly knife assembly faces the beginning of the material passage groove and is as close as possible to the tangent direction of the circular surface where the cutting edge line is located. The diameter of the circular surface where the end edge of the scraper assembly is located is slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular surface where the cutting edge line is located.

2. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper assembly is inclined to the circular surface where its end edge is located, and forms an acute angle with the tangent of the circular surface where its end edge is located toward the beginning of the material passage arc groove.

3. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acute angle is 30°~50°.

4. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper assembly includes a scraper seat disposed on the roller body and connected to the end of the material passage arc groove, and a pressing scraper fixedly disposed on the scraper seat, wherein the tangent of the pressing scraper and the circular surface where its end edge is located forms an acute angle toward the beginning of the material passage arc groove.

5. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the pressing scraper is provided with comb teeth.

6. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of material conveying arc grooves is configured to be 2 to 6.

7. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The flying knife assembly is an integrated flying knife assembly, which includes a flying knife pressure seat matched and mounted on the flying knife holder, a flying knife groove set at the front end of the bottom face of the flying knife pressure seat, and a cutting head fixedly mounted in the flying knife groove set. After the cutting head is placed in the flying knife groove set, the bottom surface of the flying knife pressure seat is flat and fits against the surface of the flying knife holder. The front end of the top face of the flying knife pressure seat is configured as an inclined surface that matches the upper side of the cutting edge of the cutting head. The flying knife pressure seat is fixedly connected to the flying knife holder by a plurality of fastening bolts arranged in parallel.

8. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cutting head includes multiple cutting head units arranged side by side, each of which is individually fixed in the fly cutter slot.

9. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flying knife holder is equipped with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the cutting edge feed rate of the flying knife assembly.

10. The plant shredder cutter roller structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment platform located at the rear end of the fly knife holder, an adjustment hole located on the adjustment platform, an adjustment bolt located in the adjustment hole and corresponding to the rear end of the fly knife pressure seat, and a waist-shaped hole located on the fly knife pressure seat for the fastening bolt to pass through, wherein the long axis of the waist-shaped hole is arranged along the adjustment direction.

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