Mining process and mining device for mitigating ground pressure impact tendency

Abstract

This invention discloses a mining process and apparatus for mitigating ground pressure shock tendency, relating to the field of coal mining technology. The mining process includes the following steps: arranging a coal mining system at the working face, the coal mining system including hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine, and a scraper conveyor. The coal mining machine is installed above the scraper conveyor, which is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include shield supports and filling hydraulic supports. The beneficial effects are: the working face length of this invention can be extended; the hydraulic supports are arranged in a mixed manner of shield supports and filling hydraulic supports; after the coal mining machine cuts, the shield supports and filling hydraulic supports promptly follow up with support; simultaneously, the filling hydraulic supports are filled with gangue to form a pressure-bearing zone, increasing the support area; and filling occurs simultaneously with coal mining. Thus, even if the working face length increases, safe operation can still be ensured, mitigating the ground pressure shock tendency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a mining process and mining apparatus for mitigating the tendency of ground pressure impact. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, rockburst mines are widely distributed and numerous in my country. Most of them are longwall mining operations, and when they occur, they often severely damage roadways and equipment, and may even lead to secondary disasters such as gas outbursts.

[0003] Mines prone to rock bursts often have short working faces, resulting in numerous coal pillars in each section. This leads to a significant waste of coal resources, impacts the overall mine's recovery rate, and limits mining speed, severely affecting coal extraction efficiency and production output. Furthermore, the rock bursts damage the lifespan of support equipment and other components.

[0004] The invention patent with publication number CN116677381A discloses a method for arranging roadways prone to rockbursts. This method achieves roof cutting and pressure relief by fracturing the roof in the first roadway after the first working face has been mined, and then filling the first roadway with gangue concrete to form a first support body. The strength of the first support body is much greater than that of the coal seam, providing strong support for the roof of the first roadway and reducing the occurrence of roadway rockbursts. At the same time, it eliminates the need to leave coal pillars, thereby improving the recovery rate of coal resources. It is particularly suitable for the field of safe coal mining in deep rockburst mines.

[0005] The aforementioned publicly disclosed solution improves coal resource recovery by filling the roadway with gangue concrete to form support, eliminating the need for coal pillars. However, after the roadway is filled, the next working face roadway needs to be excavated again, but the excavation speed is slow. Preserving the roadway is relatively difficult, and the aforementioned patent also describes a method of "preserving the roadway along the goaf" where the roadway of the previous working face is technically preserved and used directly as the roadway for the next working face. Although this method requires less roadway excavation, it requires relatively simple geological conditions at the coal mine working face, such as a coal seam thickness not exceeding 4.5m and a prone-to-collapse roof. It also causes other problems related to roadway stability control, such as severe floor heave and localized roof collapses, which are difficult to manage. Furthermore, preserving the roadway along the goaf has stringent geological requirements and complex construction methods. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mining process and mining apparatus that mitigates the tendency of ground pressure impact in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A mining process for mitigating the tendency of ground pressure shock includes the following steps:

[0009] The working face is equipped with a coal mining system, which includes hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine, and a scraper conveyor. The coal mining machine is installed above the scraper conveyor, and the scraper conveyor is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include shield supports and filling hydraulic supports. The shield supports are set on the side of the working face near the ventilation roadway, and the filling hydraulic supports are set on the side of the working face near the machine roadway.

[0010] The machine roadway is equipped with integrated support and transport equipment, which is used to support and protect the machine roadway and transport raw coal.

[0011] The ventilation tunnel is equipped with a support structure to support the ventilation tunnel;

[0012] A coal pillar-free gob-side retention system is installed at the end of the machine roadway. The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system includes unit supports and rock-blocking supports. A flexible mold bag is provided between the unit supports and the rock-blocking supports.

[0013] In raw coal mining, the coal mining machine carries out coal mining operations, and the raw coal is transported out through the integrated support and transportation equipment in the machine roadway. The hydraulic supports follow up to provide support in the area cut by the coal mining machine.

[0014] After the return of gangue and the subsequent support of hydraulic supports, a goaf is formed behind the hydraulic supports. Gangue is then transported to fill the goaf behind the hydraulic supports, and the gangue filling the goaf behind the hydraulic supports forms a pressure-bearing zone to alleviate the tendency of ground pressure impact.

[0015] Meanwhile, the flexible mold bag is hung on the unit support, and the filling material is injected into the flexible mold bag by the grouting pump. The unit support and the rock-blocking support jointly support the flexible mold bag. After the filling material solidifies, it forms a flexible mold wall to support the machine roadway. The unit support moves from the tail to the front as the working face advances, and the machine roadway is reserved for use as the ventilation roadway of the next working face.

[0016] As a further improvement, the unit support is transported by a unit support transport vehicle.

[0017] As a further improvement, the support structure is an energy-absorbing and shock-resistant advanced hydraulic support.

[0018] As a further improvement, the gangue is transported via double-layer belts or pipelines to the goaf area behind the hydraulic support for filling.

[0019] The present invention also provides a mining device for mitigating the tendency of ground pressure shock, comprising:

[0020] A coal mining system for working faces is installed at the working face. The coal mining system for working faces includes hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine, and a scraper conveyor. The coal mining machine is installed above the scraper conveyor, and the scraper conveyor is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include shield supports and filling hydraulic supports. The shield supports are set on the side of the working face near the ventilation roadway, and the filling hydraulic supports are set on the side of the working face near the machine roadway.

[0021] The integrated support and transport equipment is installed in the machine roadway to support and protect the machine roadway and transport raw coal;

[0022] The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system is installed on the rear side of the integrated support and transportation equipment. The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system includes unit supports and rock-blocking supports, and a flexible mold bag is provided between the unit supports and the rock-blocking supports.

[0023] Support structure, which is installed inside the ventilation tunnel to support the ventilation tunnel.

[0024] As a further improvement, the support structure is an energy-absorbing and shock-resistant advanced hydraulic support.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The working face length of the mining process of this invention can be arranged to be longer. The hydraulic support adopts a mixed arrangement of shield support and filling hydraulic support. After the coal mining machine cuts, the shield support and filling hydraulic support follow up with timely support. At the same time, gangue is filled behind the filling hydraulic support to form a filling pressure zone, which increases the support area. Filling is carried out while mining coal. In this way, even if the working face is longer, safe operation can still be guaranteed and the tendency of ground pressure impact can be mitigated. At the same time, the filling pressure zone can effectively resist the damage caused by the impact ground pressure to the hydraulic support.

[0027] 2. Partial filling of the working face can reduce the amount of gangue used without affecting the support effect.

[0028] 3. The entire working face integrates mining, filling, and retention, enabling efficient coal production.

[0029] 4. Due to the setting of the filling pressure zone and the coal pillar-free roadway retention system, the machine roadway can be retained. The filling pressure zone also maintains the stability of the roadway wall, making the overall stability of the machine roadway good. In this way, the original machine roadway can be used as the ventilation roadway of the new working face without the need to excavate the roadway again. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mining device for mitigating ground pressure shock tendency as described in this invention.

[0032] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0033] 1. Integrated support and transport equipment; 11. Double-layer belt conveyor; 12. Filling scraper conveyor; 21. Unit support; 22. Rock retaining support; 23. Unit support transport vehicle; 31. Coal mining machine; 32. Scraper conveyor; 33. Filling hydraulic support; 34. Shield support; 4. Energy-absorbing and anti-impact advanced hydraulic support; 5. Machine roadway; 6. Ventilation roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood through the specific circumstances.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the mining process for mitigating the tendency of ground pressure shock includes the following steps:

[0038] The working face is equipped with a coal mining system (total length of 100m-250m). The coal mining system includes hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine 31, and a scraper conveyor 32. The coal mining machine 31 is installed above the scraper conveyor 32, which is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include shield supports 34 and filling hydraulic supports 33. The shield supports 34 are located on the side of the working face near the ventilation roadway 6, and the filling hydraulic supports 33 are located on the side of the working face near the machine roadway 5. This invention adopts a mixed arrangement of shield supports 34 and filling hydraulic supports 33. The shield supports 34 are used for timely follow-up support, and the filling hydraulic supports 33 provide support while also creating a space of about five meters in length behind them for filling with gangue, thereby realizing simultaneous coal mining and gangue filling. The shield supports 34, filling hydraulic supports 33, coal mining machine 31, and scraper conveyor 32 are all existing technologies, and their structures will not be described in detail here.

[0039] The machine roadway 5 is equipped with an integrated support and transport system 1, which supports and protects the machine roadway 5 and transports raw coal. The integrated support and transport system 1 has a double-layer belt conveyor 11 to facilitate the transport of raw coal and the return of gangue. In this embodiment, a filling scraper conveyor 12 for transporting gangue is also provided behind the scraper conveyor 32. The filling scraper conveyor 12 is suspended from the rear of the filling hydraulic support 33 by a circular chain.

[0040] The ventilation tunnel 6 is equipped with a support structure for supporting the ventilation tunnel 6. In this embodiment, the support structure is an energy-absorbing and shock-resistant advanced hydraulic support 4, which can effectively resist the damage caused by the impact pressure on the support.

[0041] At the end of machine roadway 5, a coal pillar-free gob-side retention system is installed. The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system includes a unit support 21 and a rock block support 22. A flexible mold bag is provided between the unit support 21 and the rock block support 22.

[0042] In the raw coal mining operation, the coal mining machine 31 first falls onto the scraper conveyor 32, which then transports it to the integrated support and transportation equipment 1. The integrated support and transportation equipment 1 then transports it out, and the hydraulic support of the area cut by the coal mining machine 31 follows up with support.

[0043] After the gangue is returned and the hydraulic supports follow up, a goaf is formed behind the hydraulic supports. The filling hydraulic supports 33 can support the corresponding goaf to prevent collapse. The gangue is transported to the goaf behind the filling hydraulic supports 33 via double-layer belts 11 and filling scraper conveyors 12 (in other embodiments, the gangue can also be transported by pipeline). The gangue behind the filling hydraulic supports 33 forms a filling pressure-bearing zone to alleviate the tendency of ground pressure impact. The width of the filling pressure-bearing zone is about one-third to one-half of the total width of the working face.

[0044] Simultaneously, the flexible mold bag is hung on the unit support 21, and filling material is injected into the flexible mold bag through a grouting pump. The unit support 21 and the rock-blocking support 22 jointly support the flexible mold bag. After the filling material solidifies, it forms a flexible mold wall to support the machine roadway 5. As the flexible mold wall solidifies and takes shape, the unit support 21 moves from the tail to the front as the working face advances. The unit support 21 is transferred by the unit support transport vehicle 23. The machine roadway 5 is retained for use as the ventilation roadway 6 of the next working face. In this way, there is no need to leave coal pillars, the machine roadway 5 can be retained, and the machine roadway 5 has better stability due to the support of the flexible mold wall and the filling pressure zone.

[0045] This embodiment also provides a mining device to mitigate the tendency of ground pressure impact, including a working face coal mining system, an integrated support and transportation equipment 1, and a pillarless goaf retention system.

[0046] The working face coal mining system is installed at the working face. The working face coal mining system includes hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine 31 and a scraper conveyor 32. The coal mining machine 31 is installed above the scraper conveyor 32. The scraper conveyor 32 is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include a shield support 34 and a filling hydraulic support 33. The shield support 34 is set on the side of the working face near the ventilation roadway 6, and the filling hydraulic support 33 is set on the side of the working face near the machine roadway 5.

[0047] The integrated support and transport equipment 1 is installed in the machine roadway 5 to support and protect the machine roadway 5 and transport raw coal. The integrated support and transport equipment 1 has a double-layer belt 11. In addition to transporting raw coal, the integrated support and transport equipment 1 can also transport gangue.

[0048] The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system is set on the rear side of the integrated support and transportation equipment 1. The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system includes a unit support 21 and a rock block support 22. A flexible mold bag is provided between the unit support 21 and the rock block support 22. The flexible mold bag is hung on the unit support 21. The filling material can be injected into the flexible mold bag by a grouting pump. After the filling material is formed, a flexible mold wall is formed.

[0049] The support structure, which is installed in the ventilation tunnel 6 to support the ventilation tunnel 6, is an energy-absorbing and anti-impact advanced hydraulic support 4.

[0050] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A mining process for mitigating the tendency of ground pressure shock, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The working face is equipped with a coal mining system, which includes hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine, and a scraper conveyor. The coal mining machine is installed above the scraper conveyor, and the scraper conveyor is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include shield supports and filling hydraulic supports. The shield supports are set on the side of the working face near the ventilation roadway, and the filling hydraulic supports are set on the side of the working face near the machine roadway. The machine roadway is equipped with integrated support and transport equipment, which is used to support and protect the machine roadway and transport raw coal. The ventilation tunnel is equipped with a support structure to support the ventilation tunnel; A coal pillar-free gob-side retention system is installed at the end of the machine roadway. The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system includes unit supports and rock-blocking supports. A flexible mold bag is provided between the unit supports and the rock-blocking supports. In raw coal mining, the coal mining machine carries out coal mining operations, and the raw coal is transported out through the integrated support and transportation equipment in the machine roadway. The hydraulic supports follow up to provide support in the area cut by the coal mining machine. After the return of gangue and the subsequent support of hydraulic supports, a goaf is formed behind the hydraulic supports. Gangue is then transported to fill the goaf behind the hydraulic supports, and the gangue filling the goaf behind the hydraulic supports forms a pressure-bearing zone to alleviate the tendency of ground pressure impact. Meanwhile, the flexible mold bag is hung on the unit support, and the filling material is injected into the flexible mold bag by the grouting pump. The unit support and the rock-blocking support jointly support the flexible mold bag. After the filling material solidifies, it forms a flexible mold wall to support the machine roadway. The unit support moves from the tail to the front as the working face advances, and the machine roadway is reserved for use as the ventilation roadway of the next working face.

2. The mining process for mitigating ground pressure shock tendency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unit support is transported by a unit support transport vehicle.

3. The mining process for mitigating ground pressure shock tendency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting structure is an energy-absorbing and shock-resistant advanced hydraulic support.

4. The mining process for mitigating ground pressure shock tendency according to claim 1, characterized in that: Gangue is transported via double-layer conveyor belts or pipelines to the goaf area behind the hydraulic support for filling.

5. A mining device for mitigating the tendency of ground pressure impact, characterized in that, include: A coal mining system for working faces is installed at the working face. The coal mining system for working faces includes hydraulic supports, a coal mining machine, and a scraper conveyor. The coal mining machine is installed above the scraper conveyor, and the scraper conveyor is installed in front of the hydraulic supports. The hydraulic supports include shield supports and filling hydraulic supports. The shield supports are set on the side of the working face near the ventilation roadway, and the filling hydraulic supports are set on the side of the working face near the machine roadway. The integrated support and transport equipment is installed in the machine roadway to support and protect the machine roadway and transport raw coal; The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system is installed on the rear side of the integrated support and transportation equipment. The coal pillar-free gob-side retention system includes unit supports and rock-blocking supports, and a flexible mold bag is provided between the unit supports and the rock-blocking supports. Support structure, which is installed inside the ventilation tunnel to support the ventilation tunnel.

6. The mining device for mitigating ground pressure shock tendency according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting structure is an energy-absorbing and shock-resistant advanced hydraulic support.

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