A scrapped power battery disassembling, crushing and recycling process and production line

Abstract

A kind of scrap power battery disassembly and crushing recycling process and production line, including steps: first step, battery feeding, pretreatment crushing;Second step, the battery fragments in the first step are broken into high-temperature cracking rotary kiln, and liquid substances and crackable solid state are removed, and dry battery fragments are formed, and the waste gas generated is discharged to waste gas treatment system;Third step, the battery fragments are cooled to below 85 DEG C by cooling device and enter subsequent process;Fourth step, battery fragments are subjected to multi-stage crushing, screening and other fine crushing and sorting processes to obtain iron material, copper powder, aluminum powder and black powder;Fifth step, the black powder obtained in the fourth step is collected, vacuum transported, collected into buffer storage bin, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged, to realize the disassembly and crushing recycling of waste batteries in a continuous and fully enclosed operation mode, realize the separation of copper powder, aluminum powder and black powder from waste batteries, improve the disassembly and crushing recycling efficiency of waste batteries, reduce cost, improve recycling quality, and realize environmental protection emission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste battery recycling technology, and in particular to a process and production line for dismantling, crushing and recycling waste power batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the new energy vehicle industry, more and more power batteries are being incorporated into increasingly smaller vehicles. As the number of power batteries increases, the number of retired power batteries is also growing over time. Some retired power batteries can be reused, while others are completely unusable and need to be dismantled. Due to the special nature of their materials, improper disposal after battery disposal will cause enormous pollution and damage to the environment. Therefore, they need to be dismantled, crushed, and recycled to recover and utilize the high-value metals they contain, extracting various metal elements from the batteries. Currently, there are no mature recycling technologies available domestically or internationally; the process is still in the exploratory stage.

[0003] Currently, most battery dismantling, crushing, and recycling production lines use traditional dismantling and crushing processes, such as: battery crushing—vacuum drying—separator paper screening—waste gas treatment—re-crushing and screening—black powder collection and extraction—packaging and warehousing. This process is inefficient, generates hazardous waste that is difficult to handle, and has inherent technological flaws.

[0004] 1. The diaphragm paper separated by screening needs to be processed again or handed over to a professional hazardous waste treatment company, which requires the addition of new equipment or cooperation units.

[0005] 2. The battery materials that have undergone vacuum drying are produced discontinuously in the subsequent screening process, resulting in low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing production technologies, the applicant provides a process and production line for dismantling, crushing and recycling waste power batteries. This process enables the dismantling, crushing and recycling of waste batteries in a continuous and fully enclosed manner, achieving the separation of copper powder, aluminum powder and black powder (positive and negative electrode powder) from waste batteries. This improves the efficiency of dismantling, crushing and recycling of waste batteries, reduces costs, improves recycling quality and achieves environmentally friendly emissions.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0008] A process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling end-of-life power batteries includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Battery feeding and pre-treatment crushing: Waste batteries are fed evenly and continuously through a pusher plate feeder and a chain plate conveyor. After passing through the pre-treatment crusher, the waste batteries are broken into battery fragments, which are then lifted and transported by a conveyor.

[0010] Step 2, high-temperature pyrolysis: The broken battery fragments from step 1 enter the pyrolysis rotary kiln through the feeder and undergo pyrolysis reaction with inert gas as the protective gas. The broken battery fragments are pyrolyzed at high temperature to remove liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids and form dry battery fragments. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system.

[0011] The external heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln is equipped with a heating chamber with a heating temperature of 100℃-580℃;

[0012] Step 3, Cooling and Conveying: The dried battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln in Step 1 enter the subsequent process through a cooling device. The cooling device has a cooling function, which cools the dried battery fragments to below 85°C, thus producing cooled battery fragments.

[0013] Step 4: Fine breaking and sorting:

[0014] In the third step, the cooled battery fragments are screened by a linear sieve to separate the first part of black powder. The remaining battery fragments are then screened by magnetic separation to separate the iron material.

[0015] The remaining battery fragments are then subjected to secondary crushing by a secondary crusher, and then further screened by a secondary linear screen to separate the second part of black powder.

[0016] The remaining battery fragments continue to be crushed in a three-stage crusher and then screened in a three-stage linear screen to separate the third part of black powder.

[0017] The remaining battery fragments are sequentially crushed by a four-stage crusher, a No. 1 cyclone separator, and an airflow separator, followed by a first-stage cyclone separation and copper-aluminum powder separation to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder.

[0018] Dust generated during primary screening, secondary crushing, secondary screening, tertiary crushing, and tertiary screening enters the primary dust removal section for primary dust removal.

[0019] The dust generated from the fourth-stage crushing, first-stage cyclone separation, and copper-aluminum powder sorting enters the second cyclone separator to separate the final solid and final gaseous matter. The final solid matter is screened by a fourth-stage linear screen to obtain the fourth part of black powder and other substances. The final gaseous matter enters the second-stage dust removal section for second-stage dust removal.

[0020] The fifth part of the black powder was obtained after primary and secondary dust removal.

[0021] Step 5: Centralized material collection: The first, second, third, fourth and fifth portions of black powder are collected in a buffer storage bin after being conveyed by vacuum, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged from the production line.

[0022] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0023] In the second step: the heating furnace of the pyrolysis rotary kiln is divided into multiple temperature control zones, which are the first temperature control zone, the second temperature control zone, the third temperature control zone, the fourth temperature control zone and the fifth temperature control zone from the kiln head to the kiln tail.

[0024] The temperature in the first temperature control zone is 100℃-250℃, which is mainly used to preheat the broken battery fragments, so that the liquid substances evaporate quickly and are discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln with the inert gas flow into the waste gas treatment system. The pyrolyzable solids in the broken battery fragments are also preheated.

[0025] The temperature in the second temperature control zone is 250℃-380℃. The temperature of the broken battery fragments in this zone is further increased, and the pyrolytic solids are fully heated.

[0026] The temperatures in the third and fourth temperature control zones are 380℃-580℃. After being heated in the third and fourth temperature control zones, the solid matter can be fully decomposed and vaporized. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system with the inert gas flow.

[0027] The temperature in the fifth temperature control zone is less than 400℃, and the pyrolytic solids are completely pyrolyzed. The broken battery fragments become dry battery fragments. The dry battery fragments begin to cool down in this section and continue to flow to the outlet of the pyrolysis rotary kiln as they are stirred by the lifting plates inside the kiln.

[0028] In the second step: the waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system through the waste gas conveying pipeline. One end of the waste gas conveying pipeline is provided with an air inlet facing downwards. The air inlet is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the pyrolysis rotary kiln. The other end of the waste gas conveying pipeline is provided with an air outlet facing downwards. The air outlet is connected to the waste gas treatment system.

[0029] An air blowing pipe is provided on the exhaust gas conveying pipeline located on the side of the air inlet. The end of the air blowing pipe extends into the exhaust gas conveying pipeline and is equipped with an air nozzle. High-pressure gas is conveyed by the air blowing pipe and blown out from the air nozzle to blow the accumulated dust at the bottom of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline into the air outlet.

[0030] A detection device is installed on the upper wall of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline. The detection device is used to detect the height of the ash accumulation at the bottom of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline.

[0031] In the third step, the cooling device is a rotary kiln type. The cooling device includes a frame and an inner liner located above the frame. The inner liner rotates to transport the dried battery fragments. The inner liner is a cylindrical structure with open ends. The two ends of the inner liner are the material inlet and the material outlet, respectively. The angle between the axis of the inner liner and the horizontal plane is greater than zero. The bottom of the material inlet is higher than the bottom of the material outlet. The inner liner is equipped with a lifting plate.

[0032] A cooling shell structure is fitted into the middle of the outer wall of the inner tank. The lower part of the cooling shell structure is connected to the frame. A water inlet is provided at the upper part of the cooling shell structure. A spray pipe communicating with the water inlet is provided inside the cooling shell structure. A water outlet is provided at the lower part of the cooling shell structure. A water-blocking structure is provided on the outer wall of the inner tank located inside the cooling shell structure.

[0033] The water-blocking structure consists of multiple water-blocking components arranged in an array along the circumference and axis of the inner liner. The water flow direction on the water-blocking components is consistent with the axis of the inner liner. The adjacent water-blocking components along the circumference of the inner liner are arranged in an alternating manner. The water-blocking structure has annular baffles on both sides that cooperate with the outer wall of the inner liner. The cross-section of the water-blocking components is T-shaped.

[0034] In the third step: the cooling device is a twin-screw conveyor, and a circulating water jacket is installed on the outside of the cooling device. The circulating water jacket is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a shut-off valve, and a check valve. The heat of the dry battery fragments in the twin-screw conveyor is removed through the heat exchange between the cooling water in the circulating water jacket and the outer wall of the twin-screw conveyor.

[0035] In the second step, the waste gas treatment system treats the waste gas to make it harmless and meet the emission standards. The waste gas treatment system includes a waste gas combustion furnace, a spray tower, and a defluorination system. After secondary combustion in the waste gas combustion furnace, the waste gas passes through cyclone dust removal, activated carbon adsorption, and graphite spraying. Then it enters the spray tower for alkaline washing before being discharged. The wastewater after alkaline washing is treated by the defluorination system for defluorination.

[0036] A production line for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries.

[0037] It includes a raw material ton barrel, a pusher feeder, a chain conveyor and a pre-treatment crusher connected in sequence from front to back. A pyrolysis rotary kiln and an exhaust gas treatment system are arranged side by side after the pre-treatment crusher. The pyrolysis rotary kiln is connected to the pre-treatment crusher through a conveyor, and the exhaust gas treatment system is connected to the pyrolysis rotary kiln through an exhaust gas conveying pipeline.

[0038] The waste gas treatment system includes a waste gas combustion furnace, a spray tower, and a defluorination system connected sequentially along the material conveying direction of the pyrolysis rotary kiln;

[0039] The exhaust gas treatment system is equipped with a primary dust removal section and a secondary dust removal section on one side;

[0040] The discharge port of the pyrolysis rotary kiln is connected to a cooling device, and after the cooling device, a primary linear screen, a secondary crusher, and a secondary linear screen are connected in sequence.

[0041] The secondary linear screen is connected in sequence to a tertiary crusher and a tertiary linear screen.

[0042] The three-stage linear screen is connected in sequence to the four-stage crusher, the No. 1 cyclone separator, and the air classifier. The No. 1 cyclone separator is located above the air classifier.

[0043] A second cyclone separator is installed behind the airflow separator. The second cyclone separator is connected to the fourth-stage crusher, the first cyclone separator, and the airflow separator.

[0044] The primary dust removal section is simultaneously connected to the primary linear screen, the secondary crusher, the secondary linear screen, the tertiary crusher, and the tertiary linear screen;

[0045] The secondary dust removal section is connected to the No. 2 cyclone separator, and a fourth-stage linear screen connected to the No. 2 cyclone separator is installed below the No. 2 cyclone separator.

[0046] It also includes a buffer storage chamber located behind the fourth-stage linear screen. The buffer storage chamber is connected to the first-stage linear screen, the second-stage linear screen, the third-stage linear screen, the fourth-stage linear screen, the first-stage dust removal section, and the second-stage dust removal section simultaneously via a vacuum conveyor line.

[0047] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0048] The primary linear screen, secondary crusher, secondary linear screen, tertiary crusher, tertiary linear screen, quaternary crusher, and No. 1 cyclone separator are arranged in a straight line along the material conveying direction of the pyrolysis rotary kiln.

[0049] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0050] This invention features a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. It is a continuous and fully enclosed waste battery dismantling, crushing and recycling process consisting of battery feeding, pre-treatment crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, cooling and conveying, fine crushing and sorting, centralized material collection and waste gas treatment. This process achieves the separation of copper powder, aluminum powder and black powder (positive and negative electrode powder) from waste batteries, while ensuring the purity of metal elements or metal salts. It reduces the number of processes, improves the efficiency of waste battery dismantling, crushing and recycling, reduces costs and improves recycling quality.

[0051] After the batteries are pre-treated and crushed, they enter a pyrolysis rotary kiln for high-temperature pyrolysis, which directly removes liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids contained in the crushed material. No secondary treatment is required, or the materials can be handed over to a professional hazardous waste treatment company for treatment, saving the transfer process and outsourcing costs.

[0052] The main production line consists of equipment for feeding, pre-treatment crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, cooling and conveying, and fine crushing and sorting of waste batteries, arranged in a straight line. The auxiliary production line consists of equipment for waste gas treatment, primary dust removal, and secondary dust removal, arranged in a straight line. The parallel arrangement of the two production lines not only meets the process requirements but also makes the process route shorter, the equipment layout more compact, and greatly saves factory space.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0054] (1) The heating furnace of the pyrolysis rotary kiln is divided into various temperature control zones and the temperature is strictly controlled according to the design temperature. Different temperature control zones have different functions. The pre-treated crushed waste batteries pass through each temperature control zone in turn during the continuous rotation and stirring of the pyrolysis rotary kiln. The high temperature removes liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids, so that the subsequent processes only require waste gas treatment and crushing and sorting, which reduces the difficulty of waste battery treatment.

[0055] (2) In the fine crushing and sorting stage, different metal materials are sorted out through multi-stage crushing and screening. Combined with cyclone separation and dust removal, black powder, which is also positive and negative electrode powder, is recovered step by step. All the processes and media in which black powder exists are finely recovered to improve the recovery rate of black powder.

[0056] (3) The centralized material collection process adopts vacuum conveying, which avoids dust and leakage during material conveying, improves the conveying and recycling efficiency of high-value products (mainly black powder), and ensures a clean and tidy on-site environment, thus achieving clean production.

[0057] (4) By setting up an air blowing pipeline in the transverse exhaust gas conveying pipeline, the accumulated ash in the exhaust gas conveying pipeline is purged to prevent the exhaust gas conveying pipeline from being blocked. The detection device detects the height of the accumulated ash to control the air blowing function of the air blowing pipeline. When the accumulated ash reaches a certain height, it is purged. This achieves intelligent control while reducing the amount of high-pressure gas used.

[0058] (5) The rotary kiln cooling device adds a lifting plate in the inclined rolling inner liner and sets a water-blocking structure on the outer wall of the inner liner so that the battery fragments can fully dissipate their own heat and improve the cooling efficiency. Under the action of the water-blocking structure, the residence time of the cooling water on the outer wall of the inner liner is extended, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling device, shortening the conveying stroke, and dissipating heat evenly on the battery fragments without clumping or crusting, ensuring the discharge temperature, reducing the impact of high temperature on subsequent equipment, and making the production line equipment run more stably. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0062] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waste gas conveying pipeline of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor structure of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the conveyor of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner liner of the conveyor of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0068] The components include: 1. Chain conveyor; 2. Pre-treatment crusher; 3. Pyrolysis rotary kiln; 4. Cooling device; 5. Primary linear screen; 6. Secondary crusher; 7. Secondary linear screen; 8. Tertiary crusher; 9. Tertiary linear screen; 10. Quaternary crusher; 11. No. 1 cyclone separator; 12. Airflow sorting; 13. Waste gas combustion furnace; 14. Primary dust removal section; 15. Secondary dust removal section; 16. No. 2 cyclone separator; 17. Quaternary linear screen; 18. Spray tower; 19. Defluorination system; 20. Buffer storage silo; 21. Electrical control cabinet.

[0069] 131. Exhaust gas conveying pipeline; 1310. Insulation layer; 1311. Air inlet; 1312. Air outlet; 13120. Exhaust valve; 1313. Emergency discharge port; 13130. Emergency discharge valve;

[0070] 132. Air blowing pipeline; 133. Detection device; 134. Dust accumulation;

[0071] 41. Frame; 42. Inner liner; 421. Material inlet; 422. Material outlet; 423. Lifting plate; 424. Water baffle assembly; 425. Annular sidewall; 43. Cooling shell structure; 431. Upper shell; 4311. Water inlet; 432. Lower shell; 4321. Water outlet; 4313. Spray pipe; 4314. Steam port; 46. First support roller; 47. Second support roller; 49. Drive mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Example 1:

[0074] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the dismantling, crushing, and recycling process for scrapped power batteries in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Battery feeding and pre-treatment crushing: After the raw material ton drum containing waste batteries is turned over and dumped, the waste batteries are fed evenly and continuously through the push plate feeder and chain plate conveyor 1. After passing through the pre-treatment crusher 2, the waste batteries are formed into crushed battery fragments, which are then lifted and transported by the conveyor.

[0076] Pre-treatment crushing is the first stage of crushing in the battery dismantling process. The pre-treatment crusher 2 is equipped with an inert gas interface to introduce inert gas into the pre-treatment crusher 2 to create an oxygen-free environment and prevent the charged battery from igniting and exploding. The exhaust gas of the pre-treatment crusher 2 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system. A planetary ash discharge valve is installed at the material discharge port of the pre-treatment crusher 2. The crushed battery fragments include copper and aluminum flakes, battery terminal block fragments, positive and negative electrode powder and other mixtures.

[0077] Step 2, High-Temperature Pyrolysis: The broken battery fragments from Step 1 enter the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 through the feeder, and undergo pyrolysis reaction with inert gas as the protective gas. The broken battery fragments are pyrolyzed at high temperature to remove liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids and form dry battery fragments. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system. The liquid substances include the water remaining in the pretreatment process and the electrolyte inside the battery. The pyrolyzable solids refer to substances such as separator paper and binders in the battery structure.

[0078] The external heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is set with a heating temperature of 100℃-580℃.

[0079] The heating temperature distribution within the furnace varies, and the heating temperature is set according to different volatilization or pyrolysis conditions of substances along the material conveying direction. Heating methods can include resistance wire heating, gas heating, and inductive heating. An insulation chamber is installed externally in the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3, and temperature and oxygen content acquisition and control functions are installed internally to monitor the temperature and oxygen content within the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3.

[0080] The third step, cooling and conveying: The dry battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 in the first step enter the subsequent process through the cooling device 4. The cooling device 4 has a cooling function, which cools the dry battery fragments to below 85°C in the cooling device 4, which is the cooled battery fragments.

[0081] Step 4, Fine crushing and sorting: The battery fragments cooled in step 3 are screened by a first-stage linear screen 5 to separate the first part of black powder. The remaining battery fragments are then screened by magnetic separation to separate the iron material.

[0082] The remaining battery fragments are then subjected to secondary crushing by the secondary crusher 6, and then secondary screening by the secondary linear screen 7 to separate the second part of black powder.

[0083] The remaining battery fragments continue to enter the three-stage crusher 8 for three-stage crushing and then enter the three-stage linear screen 9 for three-stage screening to separate the third part of black powder.

[0084] The remaining battery fragments are successively crushed by a four-stage crusher 10, separated by a first-stage cyclone separator 11, and separated by an airflow separator 12 to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder.

[0085] Dust generated during primary screening, secondary crushing, secondary screening, tertiary crushing, and tertiary screening enters the primary dust removal section 14 for primary dust removal.

[0086] The dust generated from the fourth-stage crushing, first-stage cyclone separation, and copper-aluminum powder sorting enters the second cyclone separator 16 to separate the final solid matter and the final gaseous matter. The final solid matter is screened by the fourth-stage linear screen 17 to obtain the fourth part of black powder and other substances. The final gaseous matter enters the second-stage dust removal section 15 for second-stage dust removal.

[0087] The fifth part of the black powder was obtained after primary and secondary dust removal.

[0088] Specifically, the magnetic separation of ferrous materials is achieved by arranging an iron remover on the conveyor of the battery fragments after the first part of black powder is screened out and they enter the secondary crusher 6. The iron remover removes ferromagnetic fragments or shells and other materials, and the remaining battery fragments enter the secondary crusher 6 for further crushing.

[0089] Step 5: Centralized material collection: The first, second, third, fourth and fifth portions of black powder are collected in the buffer storage bin 20 after being vacuum conveyed, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged from the production line.

[0090] In the above steps, the pre-treatment crusher 2 in the first step and the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 in the second step are in an inert gas environment. The generated waste gas enters the waste gas treatment system and continuously outputs dry battery fragments to the subsequent processes. In the third step of cooling and conveying, the feed inlet of the cooling device 4 is sealed to the discharge outlet of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3, and an inert gas environment can be set in the cooling device 4. In the fourth step, the cooled battery fragments are processed in the fine crushing and sorting process, and then pass through the sealed primary linear screen 5, secondary crusher 6, secondary linear screen 7, tertiary crusher 8, tertiary linear screen 9, quaternary crusher 10, No. 1 cyclone separator 11, and airflow separator 12 to collect the falling material. At the same time, the dust generated is collected by dust removal. It is not affected by the external environment or medium. In the fifth step, the black powder separated in the fourth step is collected by vacuum conveying, forming a continuous and fully enclosed waste battery dismantling, crushing and recycling process.

[0091] The waste battery dismantling, crushing and recycling process consists of continuous and fully enclosed steps such as battery feeding, pre-treatment crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, cooling and conveying, fine crushing and sorting, centralized collection and waste gas treatment. This process achieves the separation of copper powder, aluminum powder and black powder (positive and negative electrode powder) from waste batteries, while ensuring the purity of metal elements or metal salts. It reduces the number of steps, improves the efficiency of waste battery dismantling, crushing and recycling, reduces costs and improves recycling quality.

[0092] After the battery is pre-treated and crushed, it enters the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 for high-temperature pyrolysis, directly removing liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids contained in the crushed material. No secondary treatment is required or it can be handed over to a professional hazardous waste treatment plant, saving the transfer process and outsourcing costs.

[0093] Example 2:

[0094] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the dismantling, crushing, and recycling process for scrapped power batteries in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0095] Step 1: Battery feeding and pre-treatment crushing: Waste batteries are fed evenly and continuously through the push plate feeder and chain plate conveyor 1. After passing through the pre-treatment crusher 2, the waste batteries are formed into crushed battery fragments, which are then lifted and transported by the conveyor.

[0096] Pre-treatment crushing is the first stage of crushing in the battery dismantling process. The pre-treatment crusher 2 is equipped with an inert gas interface to introduce inert gas into the pre-treatment crusher 2 to create an oxygen-free environment. The exhaust gas of the pre-treatment crusher 2 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system. A planetary ash discharge valve is installed at the material discharge port of the pre-treatment crusher 2. The crushed battery fragments include copper and aluminum flakes, battery terminal block fragments, positive and negative electrode powder and other mixtures.

[0097] Step 2, High-Temperature Pyrolysis: The broken battery fragments from Step 1 enter the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 through the feeder, and undergo pyrolysis reaction with inert gas as the protective gas. The broken battery fragments are pyrolyzed at high temperature to remove liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids and form dry battery fragments. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system. The liquid substances include the water remaining in the pretreatment process and the electrolyte inside the battery. The pyrolyzable solids refer to substances such as separator paper and binders in the battery structure.

[0098] The external part of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is equipped with a heat preservation cavity, and the internal part of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is equipped with temperature acquisition and control and oxygen content acquisition and control functions to detect the temperature and oxygen content inside the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3.

[0099] The heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is divided into multiple temperature control zones. From the kiln head to the kiln tail of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3, they are successively the first temperature control zone, the second temperature control zone, the third temperature control zone, the fourth temperature control zone, and the fifth temperature control zone. As the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 rotates and stirs continuously, the pre-treated and crushed waste batteries are successively heated by the first temperature control zone, the second temperature control zone, the third temperature control zone, the fourth temperature control zone, and the fifth temperature control zone during the process of being transported from the kiln head to the kiln tail.

[0100] The temperature of the first temperature control zone is 100℃-250℃, which is mainly used to preheat the broken battery fragments, so that the liquid substances evaporate quickly and are discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 with the inert gas flow into the waste gas treatment system. The pyrolyzable solids in the broken battery fragments are also preheated. The liquid substances include the water remaining in the pretreatment process and the electrolyte inside the battery. The preferred temperature of this control zone is 200℃.

[0101] The temperature of the second temperature control zone is 250℃-380℃. The temperature of the broken battery fragments in this zone is further increased, and the decomposable solids are fully heated. The decomposable solids refer to substances such as separator paper and binder in the battery structure. The temperature of this control zone is preferably 350℃.

[0102] The temperatures in the third and fourth temperature control zones are 380℃-580℃. After being heated in the third and fourth temperature control zones, the solid matter can be fully decomposed and vaporized. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system with the inert gas flow.

[0103] The temperature in the fifth temperature control zone is less than 400℃, and the cracking of the crackable solids is completed. The broken battery fragments become dry battery fragments. The dry battery fragments begin to cool down in this section and continue to flow to the outlet of the cracking rotary kiln 3 as they are stirred by the lifting plates inside the cracking rotary kiln 3.

[0104] The heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is divided into various temperature control zones, and the temperature is strictly controlled according to the design temperature. Different temperature control zones have different functions. The pre-treated and crushed waste batteries pass through each temperature control zone in sequence during the continuous rotation and stirring of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3. The high temperature removes liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids, so that the subsequent processes only require waste gas treatment and crushing and sorting, which reduces the difficulty of waste battery processing.

[0105] Step 3, Cooling and Conveying: The dried battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 in Step 1 enter the subsequent process through the cooling device 4. The cooling device 4 has a cooling function, which cools the dried battery fragments to below 85°C, thus producing the cooled battery fragments.

[0106] Step 4: Fine breaking and sorting:

[0107] In the third step, the cooled battery fragments are screened by a first-stage linear screen 5 to separate the first part of black powder, accounting for 40%; the remaining battery fragments are then screened by magnetic separation to separate the iron material.

[0108] The remaining battery fragments are then subjected to secondary crushing by the secondary crusher 6, and then secondary screening by the secondary linear screen 7 to separate the second part of black powder.

[0109] The remaining battery fragments continue to enter the three-stage crusher 8 for three-stage crushing and then enter the three-stage linear screen 9 for three-stage screening to separate the third part of black powder, accounting for 25%.

[0110] The remaining battery fragments are successively crushed by a four-stage crusher 10, separated by a first-stage cyclone separator 11, and separated by an airflow separator 12 to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder.

[0111] Dust generated during primary screening, secondary crushing, secondary screening, tertiary crushing, and tertiary screening enters the primary dust removal section 14 for primary dust removal.

[0112] The dust generated from the fourth-stage crushing, first-stage cyclone separation, and copper-aluminum powder sorting enters the second cyclone separator 16 to separate the final solid and final gaseous matter. The final solid matter is screened by the fourth-stage linear screen 17 to obtain other substances and the fourth part of black powder accounting for 2%. The final gaseous matter enters the second-stage dust removal section 15 for second-stage dust removal.

[0113] The fifth part, black powder, accounting for 3%, was obtained after primary and secondary dust removal.

[0114] Step 5: Centralized material collection: The first, second, third, fourth and fifth portions of black powder are collected in the buffer storage bin 20 after being vacuum conveyed, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged from the production line.

[0115] In the fine crushing and sorting stage, different metal materials are separated through multi-stage crushing and screening. Combined with cyclone separation and dust removal, the black powder, namely the positive and negative electrode powder, is recovered step by step. All the processes and media containing black powder are finely recovered, thereby improving the recovery rate of black powder.

[0116] The centralized material collection process uses vacuum conveying, which avoids dust and leakage during material transportation, improves the conveying and recycling efficiency of high-value products (mainly black powder), and ensures a clean and hygienic on-site environment, thus achieving clean production.

[0117] This invention innovatively designs key processes that are prone to failure in the recycling process, optimizes equipment functions, greatly reduces the failure rate of the recycling production line, and improves the efficiency of continuous production in the factory. The improved process is illustrated in the following embodiments.

[0118] Example 3:

[0119] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the dismantling, crushing, and recycling process for scrapped power batteries in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0120] Step 1, Battery feeding and pre-treatment crushing: Waste batteries are fed evenly and continuously through a pusher feeder and a chain conveyor (1). After passing through a pre-treatment crusher (2), the waste batteries are broken into battery fragments, which are then lifted and transported by a conveyor.

[0121] Pre-treatment crushing is the first stage of crushing in the battery dismantling process. The pre-treatment crusher 2 is equipped with an inert gas interface to introduce inert gas into the pre-treatment crusher 2 to create an oxygen-free environment. The exhaust gas of the pre-treatment crusher 2 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system. A planetary ash discharge valve is installed at the material discharge port of the pre-treatment crusher 2. The crushed battery fragments include copper and aluminum flakes, battery terminal block fragments, positive and negative electrode powder and other mixtures.

[0122] Step 2, high temperature pyrolysis: The broken battery fragments in the first step are fed into the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) through the feeder and pyrolysis reaction is carried out with inert gas as protective gas. The broken battery fragments are pyrolyzed at high temperature to remove liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids and form dry battery fragments. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system.

[0123] The external heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 has a heating temperature of 100℃ to 580℃. The external insulation chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is also provided. The internal temperature acquisition and control and oxygen content acquisition and control functions of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 are used to detect the temperature and oxygen content inside the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3.

[0124] The waste gas treatment system treats the waste gas to make it harmless and meet the emission standards. The waste gas treatment system includes a waste gas combustion furnace 13, a spray tower 18, and a defluorination system 19. After secondary combustion in the waste gas combustion furnace 13, the waste gas passes through cyclone dust removal, activated carbon adsorption, and graphite spraying, and then enters the spray tower 18 for alkaline washing before being discharged. The wastewater after alkaline washing is treated by defluorination through the defluorination system 19.

[0125] like Figure 5 As shown, the waste gas conveying pipeline 131 is arranged horizontally, connecting the waste gas treatment system and the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3. The waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system through the waste gas conveying pipeline 131. One end of the waste gas conveying pipeline 131 is provided with an air inlet 1311 facing downwards. The air inlet 1311 is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3. The other end of the waste gas conveying pipeline 131 is provided with an air outlet 1312 facing downwards. The air outlet 1312 is connected to the waste gas treatment system.

[0126] An air blowing pipe 132 is provided on the exhaust gas conveying pipe 131 located on the side of the air inlet 1311. The end of the air blowing pipe 132 extends into the exhaust gas conveying pipe 131 and is provided with an air nozzle. High-pressure gas is conveyed by the air blowing pipe 132 and blown out from the air nozzle to blow the accumulated dust 134 at the bottom of the exhaust gas conveying pipe 131 into the air outlet 1312.

[0127] The outer wall of the exhaust gas delivery pipeline 131 is equipped with a heat insulation layer 1310, and the high-pressure gas is high-pressure nitrogen. The blowing pipeline 132 can extend from the upper wall of the exhaust gas delivery pipeline 131, or it can extend from one end of the blowing pipeline 132, such as... Figure 5 The two locations shown are equipped with air blowing pipes 132.

[0128] When the waste gas treatment system is shut down, the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 continues to generate waste gas, which is often toxic and flammable, posing a safety hazard. An emergency discharge port 1313 is installed on the waste gas delivery pipeline 131, with an emergency discharge valve 13130 ​​at the emergency discharge port 1313. An exhaust valve 13120 is installed at the outlet 1312. When the waste gas treatment system is shut down, the exhaust valve 13120 closes, and the emergency discharge valve 13130 ​​opens, allowing the waste gas from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 to be discharged, thus improving the system's safety performance.

[0129] like Figure 5 As shown, a detection device 133 is installed on the upper wall of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline 131. The detection device 133 is used to detect the height of the accumulated dust 134 at the bottom of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline 131. The detection device 133 is an externally purchased component, such as a distance sensor. The detection device 133 is connected to the production control system. When the height signal transmitted by the detection device 133 to the production control system reaches the maximum dust accumulation height, the production control system controls the blowing pipeline 132 to blow air to clean the accumulated dust 134.

[0130] By setting an air blowing pipe 132 in the transverse exhaust gas conveying pipe 131, the accumulated dust 134 in the exhaust gas conveying pipe 131 is blown away to prevent the exhaust gas conveying pipe 131 from being blocked. The detection device 133 detects the height of the accumulated dust 134 to control the opening of the air blowing function of the air blowing pipe 132. When the accumulated dust 134 reaches a certain height, it is blown away, realizing intelligent control while reducing the amount of high-pressure gas used.

[0131] Step 3, Cooling and Conveying: The dried battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 in Step 1 enter the subsequent process through the cooling device 4. The cooling device 4 has a cooling function, which cools the dried battery fragments to below 85°C, thus producing the cooled battery fragments.

[0132] Step 4, Fine crushing and sorting: The battery fragments cooled in step 3 are screened by a first-stage linear screen 5 to separate the first part of black powder. The remaining battery fragments are then screened by magnetic separation to separate the iron material.

[0133] The remaining battery fragments are then subjected to secondary crushing by the secondary crusher 6, and then secondary screening by the secondary linear screen 7 to separate the second part of black powder.

[0134] The remaining battery fragments continue to enter the three-stage crusher 8 for three-stage crushing and then enter the three-stage linear screen 9 for three-stage screening to separate the third part of black powder.

[0135] The remaining battery fragments are successively crushed by a four-stage crusher 10, separated by a first-stage cyclone separator 11, and separated by an airflow separator 12 to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder.

[0136] Dust generated during primary screening, secondary crushing, secondary screening, tertiary crushing, and tertiary screening enters the primary dust removal section 14 for primary dust removal.

[0137] The dust generated from the fourth-stage crushing, first-stage cyclone separation, and copper-aluminum powder sorting enters the second cyclone separator 16 to separate the final solid matter and the final gaseous matter. The final solid matter is screened by the fourth-stage linear screen 17 to obtain the fourth part of black powder and other substances. The final gaseous matter enters the second-stage dust removal section 15 for second-stage dust removal.

[0138] The fifth part of the black powder was obtained after primary and secondary dust removal.

[0139] Step 5: Centralized material collection: The first, second, third, fourth and fifth portions of black powder are collected in the buffer storage bin 20 after being vacuum conveyed, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged from the production line.

[0140] Example 4:

[0141] like Figures 1-4 , Figures 6-9 As shown, the dismantling, crushing, and recycling process for scrapped power batteries in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0142] Step 1: Battery feeding and pre-treatment crushing: Waste batteries are fed evenly and continuously through the push plate feeder and chain plate conveyor 1. After passing through the pre-treatment crusher 2, the waste batteries are formed into crushed battery fragments, which are then lifted and transported by the conveyor.

[0143] The pretreatment crusher 2 is equipped with an inert gas interface to introduce inert gas into the pretreatment crusher 2 to create an oxygen-free environment. The exhaust gas of the pretreatment crusher 2 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system. A planetary ash discharge valve is installed at the material discharge port of the pretreatment crusher 2.

[0144] Step 2, high temperature pyrolysis: The broken battery fragments in the first step are fed into the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) through the feeder and pyrolysis reaction is carried out with inert gas as protective gas. The broken battery fragments are pyrolyzed at high temperature to remove liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids and form dry battery fragments. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system.

[0145] The external heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 has a heating temperature of 100℃ to 580℃. The external insulation chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is also provided. The internal temperature acquisition and control and oxygen content acquisition and control functions of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 are used to detect the temperature and oxygen content inside the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3.

[0146] The third step, cooling and conveying: The dry battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 in the first step enter the subsequent process through the cooling device 4. The cooling device 4 has a cooling function, which cools the dry battery fragments to below 85°C in the cooling device 4, which is the cooled battery fragments.

[0147] The cooling device 4 is a rotary kiln type. The cooling device 4 includes a frame 41 and an inner liner 42 located above the frame 41. The inner liner 42 rotates to convey the dried battery fragments. The inner liner 42 is a cylindrical structure with open ends. The two ends of the inner liner 42 are a material inlet 421 and a material outlet 422, respectively. The angle between the axis of the inner liner 42 and the horizontal plane is greater than zero. The bottom of the material inlet 421 is higher than the bottom of the material outlet 422. A lifting plate 423 is provided inside the inner liner 42.

[0148] The inner liner 42 is supported by the first support roller 46 and the second support roller 47 located on the upper part of the frame 41. One end of the inner liner 42 is connected to the drive mechanism 49 located on the frame 41, which drives the inner liner 42 to rotate around the axis, so that the battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 are conveyed from the material inlet 421 to the material outlet 422.

[0149] A cooling shell structure 43 is fitted into the middle of the outer wall of the inner tank 42. The lower part of the cooling shell structure 43 is connected to the frame 41. A water inlet 4311 is provided on the upper part of the cooling shell structure 43. A spray pipe 4313 communicating with the water inlet 4311 is provided inside the cooling shell structure 43. A water outlet 4321 is provided on the lower part of the cooling shell structure 43. A water-blocking structure is provided on the outer wall of the inner tank 42 located inside the cooling shell structure 43.

[0150] The rotary kiln-type cooling device 4 adds a lifting plate 423 to the inclined rolling inner liner 42 and sets a water-blocking structure on the outer wall of the inner liner 42, so that the battery fragments can fully dissipate their own heat and improve the cooling efficiency. Under the action of the water-blocking structure, the residence time of the cooling water on the outer wall of the inner liner 42 is extended, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling device 4, shortening the conveying stroke, and dissipating heat evenly on the battery fragments without clumping or crusting, ensuring the discharge temperature, reducing the impact of high temperature on subsequent equipment, and making the production line equipment operate more stably.

[0151] The cooling outer shell structure 43 specifically includes an upper shell 431 and a lower shell 432 disposed opposite to each other outside the inner liner 42; the upper shell 431 is provided with a water inlet 4311 and a steam inlet 4314 at the top, and a spray pipe 4313 is provided inside the upper part of the lower shell 432; the lower shell 432 is provided with a water outlet 4321 at the bottom, and the lower shell 432 is mounted on the frame 41 by a bracket.

[0152] The water-blocking structure consists of multiple water-blocking components 424 arranged in an array along the circumference and axis of the inner liner 42. The water flow direction on the water-blocking components 424 is consistent with the axis of the inner liner 42. Adjacent water-blocking components 424 are staggered along the circumference of the inner liner 42. Annular baffles 425 that cooperate with the outer wall of the inner liner 42 are provided on both sides of the water-blocking structure. The cross-section of the water-blocking components 424 is T-shaped.

[0153] The adjacent water-blocking components 424 are arranged in an alternating manner along the circumference of the inner tank 42, so that the cooling water flowing down from the upper water-blocking component 424 flows to the adjacent water-blocking component 424 below it, and is transferred to the lower water-blocking components 424 in sequence, ensuring full contact between the cooling water and the outer wall of the inner tank 42, and achieving a better cooling effect.

[0154] When the water baffle assembly 424 rotates to the lower part of the cooling shell structure 43, it interacts with the cooling water accumulated at the bottom of the cooling shell structure 43, scooping up the cooling water at the bottom of the cooling shell structure 43. The scooped-up cooling water is then transported upward with the water baffle assembly 424 and acts on the outer wall of the inner liner 42, increasing the heat exchange time between the outer wall of the inner liner 42 and the cooling water.

[0155] Alternatively, the cooling device 4 can be a twin-screw conveyor. The cooling device 4 is equipped with a circulating water jacket, which is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a shut-off valve, and a check valve. The heat of the dry battery fragments in the twin-screw conveyor is removed through the heat exchange between the cooling water in the circulating water jacket and the outer wall of the twin-screw conveyor.

[0156] Step 4, Fine crushing and sorting: The first part of black powder is separated by a first-stage linear screen 5. The remaining battery fragments are then separated by magnetic separation to remove iron substances.

[0157] The remaining battery fragments are then subjected to secondary crushing by the secondary crusher 6, and then secondary screening by the secondary linear screen 7 to separate the second part of black powder.

[0158] The remaining battery fragments continue to enter the three-stage crusher 8 for three-stage crushing and then enter the three-stage linear screen 9 for three-stage screening to separate the third part of black powder.

[0159] The remaining battery fragments are successively crushed by a four-stage crusher 10, separated by a first-stage cyclone separator 11, and separated by an airflow separator 12 to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder.

[0160] Dust generated during primary screening, secondary crushing, secondary screening, tertiary crushing, and tertiary screening enters the primary dust removal section 14 for primary dust removal.

[0161] The dust generated from the fourth-stage crushing, first-stage cyclone separation, and copper-aluminum powder sorting enters the second cyclone separator 16 to separate the final solid matter and the final gaseous matter. The final solid matter is screened by the fourth-stage linear screen 17 to obtain the fourth part of black powder and other substances. The final gaseous matter enters the second-stage dust removal section 15 for second-stage dust removal.

[0162] The fifth part of the black powder was obtained after primary and secondary dust removal.

[0163] Step 5: Centralized material collection: The first, second, third, fourth and fifth portions of black powder are collected in the buffer storage bin 20 after being vacuum conveyed, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged from the production line.

[0164] Example 5:

[0165] like Figures 1-4 As shown in this embodiment, the production line for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries...

[0166] It includes a raw material ton barrel, a pusher feeder, a chain conveyor 1 and a pre-treatment crusher 2 connected in sequence from front to back. A pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 and an exhaust gas treatment system are arranged side by side after the pre-treatment crusher 2. The pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is connected to the pre-treatment crusher 2 through a conveyor, and the exhaust gas treatment system is connected to the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 through an exhaust gas conveying pipeline 131.

[0167] The waste gas treatment system includes a waste gas combustion furnace 13, a spray tower 18, and a defluorination system 19 connected in sequence along the material conveying direction of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3;

[0168] The exhaust gas treatment system is equipped with a primary dust removal section 14 and a secondary dust removal section 15 on one side;

[0169] The discharge port of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3 is connected to the cooling device 4, and the cooling device 4 is connected in sequence to the primary linear screen 5, the secondary crusher 6, and the secondary linear screen 7.

[0170] The secondary linear screen 7 is connected in sequence to the tertiary crusher 8 and the tertiary linear screen 9.

[0171] The three-stage linear screen 9 is connected in sequence to the four-stage crusher 10, the first cyclone separator 11, and the air classifier 12. The first cyclone separator 11 is located above the air classifier 12.

[0172] The primary linear screen 5, the secondary crusher 6, the secondary linear screen 7, the tertiary crusher 8, the tertiary linear screen 9, the quaternary crusher 10, and the No. 1 cyclone separator 11 are arranged in a straight line with the material conveying direction of the pyrolysis rotary kiln 3.

[0173] A second cyclone separator 16 is installed behind the airflow separator 12. The second cyclone separator 16 is connected to the fourth-stage crusher 10, the first cyclone separator 11, and the airflow separator 12.

[0174] The primary dust removal section 14 is simultaneously connected to the primary linear screen 5, the secondary crusher 6, the secondary linear screen 7, the tertiary crusher 8, and the tertiary linear screen 9;

[0175] The secondary dust removal section 15 is connected to the No. 2 cyclone separator 16, and a fourth-stage linear screen 17 connected to the No. 2 cyclone separator 16 is installed below the No. 2 cyclone separator 16.

[0176] It also includes a buffer storage chamber 20 located behind the fourth-stage linear screen 17. The buffer storage chamber 20 is connected to the first-stage linear screen 5, the second-stage linear screen 7, the third-stage linear screen 9, the fourth-stage linear screen 17, the first-stage dust removal section 14, and the second-stage dust removal section 15 via a vacuum conveyor line.

[0177] An electrical control cabinet 21 is installed on one side of the pre-processing crusher 2, which has a built-in production control system for controlling the entire production line.

[0178] The main production line consists of equipment for feeding, pre-treatment crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, cooling and conveying, and fine crushing and sorting of waste batteries, arranged in a straight line. The waste gas treatment system and the primary dust removal section 14 and the secondary dust removal section 15 are auxiliary production lines arranged in a straight line. The two production lines are arranged side by side, which not only meets the process requirements, but also makes the process route shorter, the equipment layout more compact, and greatly saves factory space.

[0179] Specifically, the primary dust removal section 14 and the secondary dust removal section 15 are located between the main production line and the exhaust gas treatment system, which can be arranged in a straight line. The primary dust removal section 14, the secondary dust removal section 15 and the exhaust gas treatment system are in a straight line.

[0180] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, Battery feeding and pre-treatment crushing: Waste batteries are fed evenly and continuously by a pusher feeder and a chain conveyor (1). After passing through a pre-treatment crusher (2), the waste batteries are formed into crushed battery fragments, which are then lifted and transported by a conveyor. Second step, high temperature pyrolysis: The broken battery fragments in the first step enter the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) through the feeder and carry out the pyrolysis reaction with inert gas as the protective gas. The broken battery fragments are pyrolyzed at high temperature to remove liquid substances and pyrolyzable solids and form dry battery fragments. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system. The external heating chamber of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) is set up with a heating chamber with a heating temperature of 100℃-580℃; Step 3, Cooling and conveying: The dry battery fragments discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) in the first step enter the subsequent process through the cooling device (4). The cooling device (4) has a cooling function, which cools the dry battery fragments to below 85°C in the cooling device (4), which is the cooled battery fragments. Step 4: Fine breaking and sorting: In the third step, the cooled battery fragments are screened by a first-level linear screen (5) to separate the first part of black powder. The remaining battery fragments are then screened by magnetic separation to separate the iron material. The remaining battery fragments are then subjected to secondary crushing by a secondary crusher (6), and then secondary screening by a secondary linear screen (7) to separate the second part of black powder. The remaining battery fragments continue to enter the three-stage crusher (8) for three-stage crushing and then enter the three-stage linear screen (9) for three-stage screening to separate the third part of black powder; The remaining battery fragments are successively crushed by a four-stage crusher (10), a first-stage cyclone separator (11), and an airflow separator (12), followed by a first-stage cyclone separation and copper-aluminum powder separation to obtain copper powder and aluminum powder. The dust generated during primary screening, secondary crushing, secondary screening, tertiary crushing, and tertiary screening enters the primary dust removal section (14) for primary dust removal; The dust generated from the fourth-stage crushing, first-stage cyclone separation, and copper-aluminum powder sorting enters the second cyclone separator (16) to separate the final solid and final gaseous matter. The final solid matter is screened by the fourth-stage linear screen (17) to obtain the fourth part of black powder and other substances. The final gaseous matter enters the second-stage dust removal section (15) for second-stage dust removal. The fifth part of the black powder was obtained after primary and secondary dust removal. Step 5: Centralized collection: The first part of black powder, the second part of black powder, the third part of black powder, the fourth part of black powder and the fifth part of black powder are collected in a buffer storage bin (20) after vacuum conveying, and then quantitatively packaged and discharged from the production line; In the third step, the cooling device (4) is a rotary kiln type. The cooling device (4) includes a frame (41) and an inner liner (42) located above the frame (41). The inner liner (42) rotates to transport the dried battery fragments. The inner liner (42) is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. The two ends of the inner liner (42) are the material inlet (421) and the material outlet (422), respectively. The angle between the axis of the inner liner (42) and the horizontal plane is greater than zero. The bottom of the material inlet (421) is higher than the bottom of the material outlet (422). The inner liner (42) is equipped with a lifting plate (423). A cooling shell structure (43) is fitted in the middle of the outer wall of the inner tank (42). The lower part of the cooling shell structure (43) is connected to the frame (41). A water inlet (4311) is provided on the upper part of the cooling shell structure (43). A spray pipe (4313) communicating with the water inlet (4311) is provided inside the cooling shell structure (43). A water outlet (4321) is provided on the lower part of the cooling shell structure (43). A water-blocking structure is provided on the outer wall of the inner tank (42) inside the cooling shell structure (43). The water-blocking structure consists of multiple water-blocking components (424) arranged in an array along the circumferential and axial directions of the inner liner (42). The water flow direction on the water-blocking components (424) is consistent with the axial direction of the inner liner (42). The adjacent water-blocking components (424) along the circumferential direction of the inner liner (42) are arranged in an alternating manner. The water-blocking structure is provided with annular baffles (425) on both sides that cooperate with the outer wall of the inner liner (42). The cross-section of the water-blocking component (424) is T-shaped. When the water baffle assembly (424) rotates to the lower part of the cooling shell structure (43), it interacts with the cooling water accumulated at the bottom of the cooling shell structure (43) and scoops up the cooling water at the bottom of the cooling shell structure (43). The scooped-up cooling water is then transported upward with the water baffle assembly (424) and acts on the outer wall of the inner liner (42).

2. The process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step: the heating furnace of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) is divided into multiple temperature control zones, which are the first temperature control zone, the second temperature control zone, the third temperature control zone, the fourth temperature control zone and the fifth temperature control zone from the kiln head to the kiln tail of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3). The temperature of the first temperature control zone is 100℃-250℃, which preheats the broken battery fragments, causing the liquid substances to evaporate rapidly and be discharged from the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) with the inert gas flow into the waste gas treatment system. The pyrolyzable solids in the broken battery fragments are also preheated. The temperature in the second temperature control zone is 250℃-380℃. The temperature of the broken battery fragments after passing through the second temperature control zone is further increased, and the pyrolytic solid material is fully heated. The temperatures in the third and fourth temperature control zones are 380℃-580℃. After being heated in the third and fourth temperature control zones, the solid matter can be fully decomposed and vaporized. The generated waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system with the inert gas flow. The temperature in the fifth temperature control zone is less than 400℃, and the cracking of the solid material is completed. The broken battery fragments become dry battery fragments. The dry battery fragments begin to cool down in this section and continue to flow to the outlet of the cracking rotary kiln (3) as the material lifting plates inside the cracking rotary kiln (3) are stirred.

3. The process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step: the waste gas is discharged to the waste gas treatment system through the waste gas conveying pipeline (131). One end of the waste gas conveying pipeline (131) is provided with an air inlet (1311) facing downward. The air inlet (1311) is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3). One end of the waste gas conveying pipeline (131) is provided with an air outlet (1312) facing downward. The air outlet (1312) is connected to the waste gas treatment system. An air blowing pipe (132) is provided on the exhaust gas conveying pipe (131) located on the side of the air inlet (1311). The end of the air blowing pipe (132) extends into the exhaust gas conveying pipe (131) and is provided with an air nozzle. High-pressure gas is conveyed by the air blowing pipe (132) and blown out from the air nozzle to blow the accumulated dust (134) at the bottom of the exhaust gas conveying pipe (131) into the air outlet (1312).

4. The process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries as described in claim 3, characterized in that: A detection device (133) is installed on the upper wall of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline (131). The detection device (133) is used to detect the height of the ash (134) at the bottom of the exhaust gas conveying pipeline (131).

5. The process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the third step: the cooling device (4) is a double helical conveyor. The cooling device (4) is equipped with a circulating water jacket. The circulating water jacket is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a shut-off valve and a check valve. The heat of the dry battery fragments in the double helical conveyor is removed by the heat exchange between the cooling water in the circulating water jacket and the outer wall of the double helical conveyor.

6. The process for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step: the waste gas treatment system treats the waste gas to make it harmless and meet the emission standards. The waste gas treatment system includes a waste gas combustion furnace (13), a spray tower (18) and a defluorination system (19). After the waste gas is burned twice in the waste gas combustion furnace (13), it passes through cyclone dust removal, activated carbon adsorption and graphite spraying, and then enters the spray tower (18) for alkaline washing before being discharged. The wastewater after alkaline washing is defluorinated by the defluorination system (19).

7. A production line for dismantling, crushing, and recycling waste power batteries using the process described in claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment includes a raw material ton barrel, a pusher feeder, a chain conveyor (1) and a pretreatment crusher (2) connected in sequence from front to back. A pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) and a waste gas treatment system are arranged side by side after the pretreatment crusher (2). The pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) is connected to the pretreatment crusher (2) through a conveyor, and the waste gas treatment system is connected to the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) through a waste gas conveying pipeline (131). The waste gas treatment system includes a waste gas combustion furnace (13), a spray tower (18) and a defluorination system (19) connected in sequence along the material conveying direction of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3). The exhaust gas treatment system is equipped with a primary dust removal section (14) and a secondary dust removal section (15) on one side. The discharge port of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3) is connected to a cooling device (4), and the cooling device (4) is connected in sequence to a primary linear screen (5), a secondary crusher (6), and a secondary linear screen (7). The secondary linear screen (7) is connected in sequence to the tertiary crusher (8) and the tertiary linear screen (9); The three-stage linear screen (9) is connected in sequence to the four-stage crusher (10), the first cyclone separator (11), and the air classifier (12). The first cyclone separator (11) is located above the air classifier (12). A second cyclone separator (16) is installed behind the airflow separator (12). The second cyclone separator (16) is connected to the fourth-stage crusher (10), the first cyclone separator (11), and the airflow separator (12). The primary dust removal section (14) is simultaneously connected to the primary linear screen (5), the secondary crusher (6), the secondary linear screen (7), the tertiary crusher (8), and the tertiary linear screen (9); The secondary dust removal section (15) is connected to the No. 2 cyclone separator (16), and a fourth-stage linear screen (17) connected to the No. 2 cyclone separator (16) is installed below the No. 2 cyclone separator (16). It also includes a buffer storage chamber (20) located behind the fourth-stage linear screen (17). The buffer storage chamber (20) is connected to the first-stage linear screen (5), the second-stage linear screen (7), the third-stage linear screen (9), the fourth-stage linear screen (17), the first-stage dust removal section (14), and the second-stage dust removal section (15) via a vacuum conveyor line.

8. The waste power battery dismantling, crushing, and recycling production line as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The first-stage linear screen (5), the second-stage crusher (6), the second-stage linear screen (7), the third-stage crusher (8), the third-stage linear screen (9), the fourth-stage crusher (10), and the No. 1 cyclone separator (11) are arranged in a straight line along the material conveying direction of the pyrolysis rotary kiln (3).

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