High-frequency wavelength swept laser with tunable intensity distribution simulating continuous emission

Abstract

The present invention provides a light generation system (1000) comprising n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) and a control system (300), wherein n ≥ 1, wherein each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is configured to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm at a frequency varying at least 50 Hz. nc,1 , λ nc,2 A first laser (111) varying between n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is generated; wherein a control system (300) is configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) such that a system light (1001) is generated, the system light comprising the first laser (111) of at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), and wherein the control system (300) is configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light (1001), wherein the system light (1001) is white light having a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a light generation system. It also relates to a light generation device comprising such a light generation system. Background Technology

[0002] Devices including vertical-cavity lasers are known in the art. For example, WO2004 / 107512 describes a white laser integrated structure comprising: a) a substrate and b) one or more individually addressable laser pixels formed on the substrate for emitting a white laser beam perpendicular to the substrate, each of the one or more individually addressable laser pixels including one or more organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and a plurality of organic vertical-cavity lasers arranged to be optically pumped by the one or more OLEDs, wherein the plurality of organic vertical-cavity lasers emit light of different colors, and when the different colors of light are combined, the one or more individually addressable laser emitting pixels emit essentially white light. The plurality of organic vertical-cavity lasers emit two different colors of light. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Although white LED sources can provide, for example, up to approximately 300 lm / mm² 2 The intensity; static phosphor-converted white laser sources can provide up to approximately 20,000 lm / mm. 2 The intensity of the light emission is high. Ce-doped garnet (e.g., YAG, LuAG) is the most suitable light-emitting converter, which can be used for pumping with blue lasers because the garnet matrix has very high chemical stability. Furthermore, at low Ce concentrations (e.g., below 0.5%), temperature quenching can occur only above about 200°C. Additionally, the emission from Ce has a very fast decay time, thus essentially avoiding optical saturation. Assuming, for example, reflective mode operation, the blue laser can be incident on the phosphor. In the embodiments, this allows for almost complete conversion of the blue light, resulting in the emission of the converted light. It is for this reason that garnet phosphors with relatively high stability and thermal conductivity are recommended. However, other phosphors can also be applied. When using extremely high power densities, thermal management may still be an issue.

[0004] High-brightness light sources can be used in applications such as projection, stage lighting, spotlights, and automotive lighting. For this purpose, laser-phosphor technology can be used, where a laser provides the laser beam, and a phosphor, for example (remotely), converts the laser beam into converted light. In embodiments, the phosphor can be positioned on or inserted into a heat sink to improve thermal management and thus achieve higher brightness.

[0005] It seems desirable to provide a wavelength-tunable light source. However, typically, laser-based light sources are wavelength-untunable. Furthermore, it seems desirable to provide an illumination device with a spectral power distribution that is substantially conformal to the blackbody trajectory (at the desired correlated color temperature CCT).

[0006] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an alternative light generation system that preferably further eliminates at least partially one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages. The object of the present invention may be to overcome or improve upon at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a light generation system (“System”) comprising n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, a second light generation device, and a control system, wherein n ≥ 1. The second light generation device is configured to generate light from the second light generation device. Each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate light at at least two centroid wavelengths (λ). nc,1 , λ nc,2 A first laser that varies between at least two centroid wavelengths (λ), wherein at least two centroid wavelengths may have a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm. Furthermore, the first laser varies at a frequency of at least 50 Hz between at least two centroid wavelengths (λ). nc,1 , λ nc,2 The control system is configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) such that (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) system light is generated, the system light comprising at least one first laser and a second light generation device light from at least one of the n first VCSELs. Furthermore, the control system is configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light. Specifically, (in the first operating mode) the system light is white light having a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70. Therefore, the present invention specifically provides a light generation system comprising n first VCSELs and a control system, where n ≥ 1, wherein each of the n first VCSELs is configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm at a frequency varying at least 50 Hz. nc,1 , λ nc,2 A first laser varying between 1800K and 8000K; wherein the control system is configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers such that (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) system light is generated, the system light comprising a first laser from at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and wherein, in particular, the control system is configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light, wherein (in the first operating mode) the system light is white light having a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70.

[0008] Such a system can provide light with a controllable spectral power distribution. Furthermore, such a system can provide light with a controllable correlated color temperature and / or a controllable color rendering index. Moreover, such a system can provide a spectral power distribution that is partially or substantially conformal to the spectral power distribution (in visible light) of a blackbody radiator (emission).

[0009] As described above, the light generation system includes n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

[0010] Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, or VCSELs, are known in the art, and in particular can be of the type of semiconductor laser diode having a laser beam emitted perpendicular to its top surface, as opposed to edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (also known as in-plane lasers) that emit from a surface formed by cutting a single chip from a wafer. VCSELs can be tunable with respect to the emission wavelength, as is known in the art. For example, Dupont et al.'s *Applied Physics Letters* 98(16):161105-161105-3, DOI:10.1063 / 1.3569591; or Wendi Chang et al.'s *Applied Physics Letters* 105(7):073303, DOI:10.1063 / 1.4893758; or Thor Ansbaek's *IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics* 19(4):1702306-1702306, DOI:10.1109 / JSTQE.2013.2257164; or CJ Chang-Hasnain's *IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum* Electronics(Volume:6,Issue:6,Nov.-Dec.2000),DOI:10.1109 / 2944.902146; or IEEE Sensors Journal, December 2007, volume 7, no. 11, pages 1483-1489, or Electron Lett. 2012 Jul 5; 48(14): 867-869. doi:10.1049 / el.2012.1552, all of which are described by reference and are incorporated herein by reference, have wavelength-tunable VCSELs. In particular, the spectral power distribution of a VCSEL can vary with voltage. Therefore, the term “VCSEL” may, in particular, refer to a tunable VCSEL known in the art. Such a tunable VCSEL may be based on MEMS technology. Such a (tunable) VCSEL may also be referred to as a “MEMS VCSEL”. Thus, in embodiments, the laser diode may comprise a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) having single-mode optical emission and a long coherence length. Wavelength sweeping can be achieved by using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to change the length of the laser cavity, thereby generating stable and fast wavelength sweeping results.

[0011] Therefore, different spectral power distributions can be generated for a VCSEL. Specifically, the VCSEL is configured to generate a first laser (during operation of the VCSEL). Thus, the first laser can have a controllable spectral power distribution. By controlling the spectral power distribution of (multiple) first VCSELs, the spectral power distribution of the system light can be controlled. A control system can be applied to control the spectral power distribution. Therefore, the light generation system may also include a control system.

[0012] A first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can provide a first laser beam with at least two different spectral power distributions at different times. Therefore, specifically, the first VCSEL operates in a mode in which light with different spectral power distributions can be generated during different time periods. In other words, since the spectral power distribution of the VCSEL can be controlled, the time-dependent centroid wavelength can vary over time. Because this can occur relatively quickly, the eye can perceive a fixed spectral power distribution, and therefore can effectively perceive the (fixed) time-averaged centroid wavelength. Of course, when the spectral power distribution is changed from the first spectral power distribution to the second spectral power distribution during a time period that the eye can follow the change, the time-averaged centroid wavelength will also change from the first value to the second value.

[0013] In embodiments of the system's operating mode, changes between at least two different spectral power distributions can occur much faster than the human eye can perceive. Thus, changes between at least two different spectral power distributions can occur within 0.025 seconds, such as within 0.02 seconds, or even within approximately 0.0167 seconds. In such a rapid change, the eye will not see the change, but will perceive a substantially fixed spectral power distribution with a time-averaged centroid wavelength. Therefore, the term "time-averaged centroid wavelength" herein may specifically refer to the centroid wavelength of the first laser (of the VCSEL) averaged over a time period longer than approximately 0.0167 seconds, and more particularly longer than 0.02 seconds. Thus, although the centroid wavelength can vary within a time period of 0.02 seconds, such as within a time period of 0.0167 seconds, the human eye can perceive the time-averaged centroid wavelength, which can be substantially fixed over time (during the first operating mode).

[0014] In an embodiment, the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser can be varied between (at least) two spectral power distributions, such as frequency sweep, one of which has a first centroid wavelength λ. nc,1 Another spectral power distribution has a second centroid wavelength λ. nc,2 The term "scan" or similar terms can also be used instead of "frequency sweep" and similar terms.

[0015] The spectral power distribution can be characterized by the centroid wavelength. The term "centroid wavelength" (also indicated as λc) is known in the art and refers to the wavelength value at which half of the light energy is at a shorter wavelength and half at a longer wavelength; this value is expressed in nanometers (nm). It is the wavelength at which the integral of the spectral power distribution is divided into two equal parts, as shown by the formula λc = Σλ*I(λ) / (ΣI(λ), where the sum is over the wavelength of interest, and I(λ) is the spectral energy density (i.e., the integral of the product of the wavelength and intensity normalized to the integral intensity over the emission band). The centroid wavelength can be determined, for example, under operating conditions.

[0016] Therefore, specifically, the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser may include a wavelength-variable light generation device configured to generate light at at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) in the operating mode of the light generation system. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first lasing beam varies between two centroid wavelengths. Therefore, effectively, in operating mode, the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (or more precisely, its device light) can be frequency-sweeped between two centroid wavelengths. An intermediate centroid wavelength can exist when changing from the first and second centroid wavelengths. Therefore, the term "at least two centroid wavelengths (λ)" is used. nc,1 , λ nc,2In the embodiment, at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) nc,1 , λ nc,2 ) can also be indicated as the outer centroid wavelength. The first centroid wavelength and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,1 , λ nc,2 The difference can be at least 10 nm, such as at least 20 nm, such as at least 30 nm, or even at least 40 nm in some embodiments (such as even at least 60 nm, or even at least 80 nm, such as at least 100 nm in certain embodiments). In certain embodiments, at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) nc,1 , λ nc,2 The difference between the two centroid wavelengths can be at least 50 nm. Furthermore, the change from the first centroid wavelength to the second centroid wavelength can have a frequency of at least 40 Hz, such as at least 50 Hz, or more particularly at least 60 Hz, such as at least 80 Hz (and in certain embodiments, even at least 100 Hz). Therefore, in an embodiment, the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser includes a wavelength-variable light generation device configured to generate, in the operating mode of the light generation system, at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) with a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm and a frequency of at least 40 Hz. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser pulse varies between 60 Hz and 60 Hz. In particular, the frequency of variation can be at least 60 Hz.

[0017] (At least two) centroid wavelengths (λ) nc,1 , λ nc,2 The variation between the two wavelengths can be abrupt in an embodiment, wherein a first laser with a first centroid wavelength is provided during a first time period, and wherein a first laser with a second centroid wavelength is provided during a second time period, and wherein between the first and second time periods, there is substantially no variation with wavelengths (λ) corresponding to (at least two) centroid wavelengths. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser has different centroid wavelengths. However, in an alternative embodiment, (at least two) centroid wavelengths (λ) nc,1 , λ nc,2 The variation between the two wavelengths can be a frequency sweep variation in an embodiment, wherein a first laser with a first centroid wavelength is provided during a first time period, and wherein a first laser with a second centroid wavelength is provided during a second time period, and wherein between the first and second time periods, a laser with a wavelength (λ) corresponding to (at least two) centroid wavelengths is provided. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser has different centroid wavelengths. This can result in lasers with varying time at (at least two) centroid wavelengths (λ). nc,1 , λ nc,2A first laser with a centroid wavelength varying between (λ) and (λ'). Specifically, in embodiments, this can result in a first laser having a centroid wavelength that is (at least two) continuously varying centroid wavelengths (λ') over time. nc,1 , λ nc,2 Essentially, this could represent a continuous change during which a first laser with multiple centroid wavelengths can be acquired separately. However, as mentioned above, the human eye can perceive a fixed (time-averaged) centroid wavelength because the change between at least two centroid wavelengths (specifically, the time of change) can be within 0.025 seconds, more specifically within about 0.02 seconds, and even more specifically within a time period of 0.0167 seconds. The time periods (i.e., the first and second time periods) can each be independently selected from a range of a maximum of 0.025 seconds, more specifically a maximum of 0.02 seconds, and even more specifically a maximum of 0.0167 seconds. However, the change time and / or the time periods can also be much shorter, such as at least 10 times shorter.

[0018] Therefore, (multiple) first VCSELs can operate continuously or in pulses.

[0019] Frequency sweeps can essentially be continuous changes from one centroid wavelength to another, or vice versa. Frequency sweeps can also be stepped changes, particularly those involving multiple intermediate centroid wavelengths. When applying stepped changes, the step size can be as large as 5 nm, such as a maximum of 2 nm.

[0020] When the system includes a single first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, this can be applied to the single first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. When the system includes multiple first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, this can be applied to each of the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

[0021] In a particular embodiment, for each of the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, the following can be applied: the variation can be a frequency sweep variation, wherein during a time period of, in particular, a maximum of 0.025 seconds, such as a maximum of about 0.02 seconds, such as a maximum of 0.0167 seconds, the VCSEL sweeps between (at least) two spectral power distributions, one of which has a first centroid wavelength λ. nc,1 Another spectral power distribution has a second centroid wavelength λ. nc,2 Note that when n is 2 or greater, at least two of the first VCSELs can have wavelengths λ corresponding to the first centroid. nc,1 and (corresponding) second centroid wavelength λ nc,2 Defined wavelength ranges that are only partially or not even overlapping.

[0022] The system may also include one or more other vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) (see also below). However, for the first VCSELs, the following specific application is possible: each of the n first VCSELs can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) with a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm at a frequency varying at least 50 Hz. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser varies between ) and ). The phrase "each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate a laser at at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) nc,1 , λ nc,2 The phrase "the first laser that varies between [a certain number of] times" and similar expressions can also refer to a system comprising two or more first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), wherein the spectral power distribution (in the first operating mode) is different over time, or even substantially always different (during the first operating mode). Therefore, in an embodiment, where n is at least 2, at least one of the n CCSELs is configured to provide a time-averaged first laser as an emission band (during the first operating mode), wherein the first laser has a first centroid wavelength (λ) that varies with time. 1c,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) 1c,2 The (first) time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between ) 1ct And (during the first operating mode) at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured to provide a time-averaged first laser as an emission band, wherein the first laser has a first centroid wavelength (λ) that varies with time. 2c,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) 2c,2 The (second) time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between ) 2ct ), in particular, the first time-related centroid wavelength (λ) 1ct ) and the second time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) 2ct More specifically and at least (a) the first centroid wavelength λ 1c,1 and λ 2c,1 and / or (b) the second centroid wavelength λ 1c,2 and λ 2c,2 The differences are not the same. Similar considerations can be applied when n = 3 or greater. In a particular embodiment, at least three distinct first VCSELs may exist.

[0023] In a particular embodiment, the colors or color points of the first type of light and the second type of light may be different when the corresponding color points differ by at least 0.01 with respect to u' and / or at least 0.01 with respect to v', or even more particularly, by at least 0.02 with respect to u' and / or at least 0.02 with respect to v'. In a more specific embodiment, the corresponding color points of the first type of light and the second type of light may differ by at least 0.03 with respect to u' and / or at least 0.03 with respect to v'. Here, u' and v' are the color coordinates of light in the CIE 1976 UCS (Uniform Chromaticity Scale) diagram.

[0024] More specifically, as described below, when n is at least 2, the time-averaged spectral power distributions of the first lasers of at least two of the at least two vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers may only partially overlap, or may substantially not overlap.

[0025] As indicated above, the system may also include a control system. In particular, the control system is configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

[0026] The term "control" and similar terms at least refer to determining the behavior of an element or supervising the operation of an element. Therefore, "control" and similar terms as used herein can refer to, for example, imposing behavior on an element (determining the behavior of the element or supervising the operation of the element), such as measuring, displaying, actuating, turning on, moving, changing temperature, etc. In addition, the term "control" and similar terms can also include monitoring. Therefore, the term "control" and similar terms can include imposing behavior on an element, or imposing behavior on an element and monitoring the element. Control of the element can be performed through a control system, which can also be indicated as a "controller". The control system and the element can therefore be functionally coupled, at least temporarily or permanently. The element can include a control system. In embodiments, the control system and the element may not be physically coupled. Control can be performed via wired and / or wireless control. The term "control system" can also refer to multiple different control systems, particularly those functionally coupled, where, for example, one control system can be a master control system and one or more other control systems can be slave control systems. The control system can include a user interface or can be functionally coupled to a user interface.

[0027] The control system can also be configured to receive and execute commands from a remote control. In embodiments, the control system can be controlled via an app on the device, such as a portable device like a smartphone, iPhone, or tablet. Therefore, the device is not necessarily coupled to the lighting system, but can be (temporarily) functionally coupled to it.

[0028] Therefore, in embodiments, the control system can (and may also) be configured to be controlled by an app on a remote device. In such embodiments, the control system of the lighting system can be a control system in slave mode or a control in slave mode. For example, the lighting system can be identified by a code, specifically a unique code for each lighting system. The control system of the lighting system can be configured to be controlled by an external control system that can access the lighting system based on knowledge of the (unique) code (input via a user interface with optical sensors, such as a QR code reader). The lighting system may also include components for communicating with other systems or devices, such as based on Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LiFi, ZigBee, BLE, or WiMAX or other wireless technologies.

[0029] The system, apparatus, or device can perform actions in a “mode” or “operating mode” or “mode of operation” or “operable mode.” The term “operating mode” can also refer to “control mode.” Similarly, in a method, actions, stages, or steps can be performed in a “mode” or “operating mode” or “mode of operation” or “operable mode.” This does not preclude the system, apparatus, or device from being adapted to provide another control mode or multiple other control modes. Likewise, this does not preclude the possibility of performing one or more other modes before and / or after performing a particular mode.

[0030] However, in embodiments, the control system may be available and is adapted to provide at least one control mode. If other modes are available, the selection of such modes can be performed, particularly via a user interface, although other options are also possible, such as performing modes based on sensor signals or a (time) scheme. In embodiments, an operating mode may also refer to a system, apparatus, or device that can operate only in a single operating mode (i.e., "on," without further tunability).

[0031] Therefore, in this embodiment, the control system can perform control based on one or more of the following: input signals from the user interface, sensor signals (from sensors), and timers. The term "timer" can refer to a clock and / or a predetermined timing scheme.

[0032] Specifically, in an embodiment, the control system can be configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers such that (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) system light can be generated, the system light comprising the first laser beams of at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. When n is at least 2, particularly in an embodiment, the control system can be configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers such that (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) system light can be generated, the system light comprising the first laser beams of at least two of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

[0033] Furthermore, (in the first operating mode) one or more of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, together with the second light-generating device and optionally with other light sources and / or optionally with a light-emitting material, can be controlled such that (in the first operating mode) the system light includes at least one or more of the first lasers from the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In particular, the system light (in the first operating mode) can be white light.

[0034] The second light generating device may include one or more additional first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, such that n≥2, preferably n≥3, more preferably n≥4, even more preferably n≥5, such as n≥6, or n≥8 or n≥10. Alternatively, the second light generating device may include one or more solid-state light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In an embodiment, the second light generating device may include one or more LEDs configured to generate blue light and one or more light-emitting materials configured to convert at least a portion of the blue light into light-emitting material light, which may include one or more of yellow, green, orange, and red light. The second light generating device may be configured such that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission band of the second light generating device light is at least 40 nm, preferably greater than 60 nm, more preferably greater than 80 nm, even more preferably greater than 90 nm.

[0035] Those skilled in the art are familiar with the term white light and similar terms. It specifically refers to a correlated color temperature (CCT) of light between about 1800K and 20000K, such as at least about 2000K, particularly in the range of 2700K-20000K, for general lighting, particularly in the range of about 1800K-6800K, such as at least about 2000K, such as 2700K-6000K, and for backlighting purposes, particularly in the range of about 6500K to 20000K, and particularly within about 15 SDCM (standard deviation of color matching) from the BBL (blackbody track), particularly within about 10 SDCM from the BBL, and even more particularly within about 5 SDCM from the BBL.

[0036] Using this invention, the spectral power distribution can also be selectively or controlled in embodiments. Thus, in embodiments, the CCT can be equal to or greater than 1800K. In other embodiments, the CCT can be equal to or less than 8000K. Furthermore, the color rendering index can be particularly at least 60, such as at least 65, and even more particularly about 70. Thus, in certain embodiments, the control system can be configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light, wherein (in a first operating mode), the system light can be white light having a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70. The phrase "the control system can be configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light" and similar phrases can particularly indicate that the VCSEL is optionally controlled with other light sources and / or optionally with luminescent materials such that the system light can be white light.

[0037] The fact that the system can be configured to generate white light does not preclude the possibility that it can also be configured to generate colored light. Similarly, the fact that the system can be configured to generate system light with a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70 does not preclude the possibility that the system can also be configured to generate system light with a correlated color temperature not in the range of 1800K to 8000K and / or a color rendering index not at least 70. Therefore, in this embodiment, the system can operate in a single operating mode (specifically indicated as a first operating mode), and in other embodiments, more than one operating mode may be permitted.

[0038] Specifically, in the embodiments, one or more, more particularly each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm, more particularly at least 20 nm. nc,1 , λ nc,2 A first laser varying between (n, n, and n) wavelengths. When n is at least 2, at least two of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can be configured to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ, n, n) with a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm in different portions of the visible wavelength range. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser varies between (λ) and (λ0). Therefore, at least two centroid wavelengths (λ0) of lasers emitted from different first vertical cavity surfaces are used. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The spectral ranges defined may partially overlap or not overlap.

[0039] As indicated above, in the embodiments (in the first operating mode), at least one of one or more first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can operate at a first centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2Frequency sweeping between ) . Therefore, in a particular embodiment (during the first operating mode), at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can be configured to provide a time-averaged first laser as an emission band, wherein the first laser has a time-averaged first centroid wavelength (λ) nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between these two values. nct In a particular embodiment, where n is at least 2, at least two of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can be configured to provide a time-averaged first laser as an emission band, wherein the first laser has a time-averaged first centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between these two values. nct ), wherein, in particular, the time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) of at least two of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. nct )different.

[0040] The frequency band shape of the emission band can be controlled by a control system. Therefore, in an embodiment, the frequency band shape can be substantially conformal to a portion of the spectral power distribution of a blackbody radiator (emission) at a specific temperature. For example, in an embodiment, at least one of one or more first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can emit light at a first centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The frequency is swept between λ, and the intensity can be chosen such that the frequency band has a band shape, wherein the peak height can be substantially conformal to the spectral power distribution of blackbody radiation (at a specific temperature). Therefore, the first centroid wavelength (λ) nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The spectral power distribution between the two can conform to the spectral power distribution of a blackbody radiator (emission) at a specific temperature. A specific CCT can be selected from the range of 1800K-8000K, and in certain embodiments can also be controllable.

[0041] Here, "conformal" can be defined as the wavelength of the first centroid (λ). nc,1 ) and second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 Within the defined wavelength range, the average distance to the BBL is within 10 SDCM on average. In a more specific embodiment, it is within approximately 5 SDCM of the BBL, such as even within approximately 3 SDCM of the BBL.

[0042] In a particular embodiment, the spectral power distribution of the system light in visible light can be divided into k wavelength ranges (with equal widths in nanometers), where k can be at least 10. For example, the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm can be divided into 40 ranges, each 10 nm, or into 80 ranges, each 5 nm. The value of k can be essentially infinite. For example, k can be 400 or greater, such as 4000 or greater. In particular, for at least 10%, more particularly at least 20%, even more particularly at least 30%, even more particularly at least 40% of these k wavelength ranges, the following can be applied: the intensity in these portions is always within 10 SDCM of the BBL, such as within 5 SDCM, for a given CCT, across the entire wavelength range. Furthermore, more specifically, for at least 50% of these k wavelength ranges, such as more specifically for at least 60%, such as at least 70%, the following can be applied: for a given CCT, the intensity in these portions is always within 10 SDCM of the BBL, such as within 5 SDCM, across the entire wavelength range. In this way, a large portion of the spectral power distribution of the system light in the visible wavelength range can conform to the emission spectral power distribution of the blackbody radiator at a given temperature.

[0043] Therefore, in a particular embodiment, each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 20 nm. nc,1 , λ nc,2 A first laser varies between n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, wherein at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured (in operating mode) to generate a first time period with a first centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 The first laser and the second time period have a second centroid wavelength (λ). nc,2 The first laser, the first time period, and the second time period each have a time period frequency of at least 50 Hz; wherein (during the first operating mode) at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured to provide a time-averaged first laser as an emission band, wherein the first laser has a time-averaged first centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between these two values. nct The time-averaged spectral power distribution of the first laser is conformal to the spectral power distribution of the blackbody radiator emitted at a specific temperature in the range of 1800K-8000K (especially CCT).

[0044] In embodiments, n is at least 2, such as 2, 3, or 4. Specifically, at least two first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can generate time-averaged emission bands that overlap only partially, such as a maximum overlap of 50%, more particularly a maximum of 25%, even more particularly a maximum of 10%, or even more particularly a maximum of 5%. The phrase "different wavelength ranges with less than 50% overlap" and similar phrases can indicate that each of the two emission bands overlaps less than 50% with the other of the two emission bands. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the system may include at least two first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) in at least two different wavelength ranges. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser varies between at least two different wavelength ranges, with less than 50% overlap between the wavelength ranges.

[0045] In certain embodiments, 1≤n≤16, more particularly 2≤n≤16, such as 2≤n≤12, and especially 3≤n≤12.

[0046] Specifically, the time-averaged centroid wavelength can be selected from different wavelength ranges. In such embodiments, the overlap can be very small, or even essentially zero. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the system may include at least two (i.e., n≥2) first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate wavelengths with different time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser, wherein the different time-averaged centroid wavelengths are selected from a range of different wavelengths from the group consisting of: 440nm-495nm, 495nm-570nm, 570nm-590nm, 590nm-620nm, and 620nm-780nm. Furthermore, in other specific embodiments, at least two time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ...) nac The wavelengths can differ by at least 110 nm. For example, a first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate a time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) in the wavelength range selected from 440 nm to 495 nm. nac The first laser, and another first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate a time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) having a wavelength range selected from 620 nm to 780 nm. nac The first laser is a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Such an embodiment does not preclude the possibility that another first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate a time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) having a wavelength range selected from the group consisting of 495 nm-570 nm and 570 nm-590 nm.nac The first laser.

[0047] Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the system may include at least three (n≥3) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate wavelengths with different time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser, wherein the different time-averaged centroid wavelengths are selected from the group of (different) wavelength ranges of the following: 440nm-495nm, 495nm-570nm, 570nm-590nm, 590nm-620nm, and 620nm-780nm, wherein at least three time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ) nac They differ from each other by at least 40 nm. For example, the average centroid wavelength (λ) at different times... nac The range can be selected from (a) 460nm+ / -20nm, (b) 550nm+ / -25nm, and (c) 620nm+ / -30nm.

[0048] The phrase "time-average centroid wavelength (λ)" nac The phrase “” and similar expressions can specifically refer to the centroid wavelength that will be observed, for example, when measured over a time period of at least 1 / 50 Hz (i.e., a time period of at least 0.02 seconds), such as the centroid wavelength averaged over a time period selected from the range of 0.2-2 seconds. Within such a time period, a particular VCSEL can change multiple times between at least two centroid wavelengths, resulting in a time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) perceptible to the human eye. nac ).

[0049] In this way, within the visible light wavelength range, at several wavelengths in the spectrum, the first VCSEL can generate spectral power distributions that together can provide (in a first operating mode) system light, which in a particular embodiment may therefore be white light. In a particular embodiment, in this way, at least a portion of the spectral power distribution can be substantially conformal to the spectral power distribution of a blackbody radiator (emitted) at a particular temperature.

[0050] In a particular embodiment, n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are configured (in a first operating mode) to generate system light having radiant flux at at least four different wavelengths within a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm, wherein the minimum and maximum wavelengths in which the n first VCSELs provide intensity span a wavelength range of at least 110 nm; wherein at least 50% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first lasers lies at at least four different wavelength ranges within the 380 nm to 780 nm range. Specifically, this can be achieved using four different VCSELs, but depending on the controllability of the wavelength range of the VCSELs, it can also be achieved using more or fewer VCSELs. For example, these wavelength ranges can be selected from the group consisting of: 440 nm to 495 nm, 495 nm to 570 nm, 570 nm to 590 nm, 590 nm to 620 nm, and 620 nm to 780 nm. In particular, when there are more than four different wavelength ranges in which intensity is provided, intensity can be provided in each of these four wavelength ranges. In this way, a basically continuous spectral power distribution can be provided for the system light.

[0051] More specifically, in the embodiments (in the first operating mode), at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be configured to generate a first laser, wherein at least 50% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least six different non-overlapping wavelength ranges with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. In particular, this can be achieved using six different VCSELs, but depending on the controllability of the wavelength range of the VCSELs, it can also be achieved using more or fewer VCSELs. For example, these wavelength ranges can be selected from the group consisting of: 440 nm–495 nm, 495 nm–570 nm, 570 nm–590 nm, 590 nm–620 nm, and 620 nm–780 nm. Specifically, intensity can be provided in each of the four wavelength ranges of 440 nm–495 nm, 495 nm–570 nm, 570 nm–590 nm, 590 nm–620 nm, and 620 nm–780 nm. In this way, a substantially continuous spectral power distribution can be provided.

[0052] However, more specifically, in the embodiments (in the first operating mode), at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be configured to generate a first laser, wherein at least 60% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least eight different non-overlapping wavelength ranges with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. In particular, this can be achieved using eight different VCSELs, but depending on the controllability of the wavelength range of the VCSELs, it can also be achieved using more or fewer VCSELs. For example, these wavelength ranges can be selected from the group consisting of: 440 nm–495 nm, 495 nm–570 nm, 570 nm–590 nm, 590 nm–620 nm, and 620 nm–780 nm. Specifically, intensity can be provided in each of the four wavelength ranges of 440 nm–495 nm, 495 nm–570 nm, 570 nm–590 nm, 590 nm–620 nm, and 620 nm–780 nm. In this way, a substantially continuous spectral power distribution can be provided. More specifically, (in the first operating mode) at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can be configured to generate a first laser, wherein at least 70% (such as at least 80%) of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least eight different non-overlapping wavelengths with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0053] Furthermore, in a more specific embodiment (in the first operating mode), at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is configured to generate a first laser, wherein at least 80% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least 11 different non-overlapping wavelength ranges with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Specifically, this can be achieved using eight different VCSELs, but depending on the controllability of the wavelength range of the VCSELs, it can also be achieved using more or fewer VCSELs. For example, these wavelength ranges can be selected from the group consisting of: 440 nm–495 nm, 495 nm–570 nm, 570 nm–590 nm, 590 nm–620 nm, and 620 nm–780 nm. Intensity can be provided in each of the four wavelength ranges of 440 nm–495 nm, 495 nm–570 nm, 570 nm–590 nm, 590 nm–620 nm, and 620 nm–780 nm. In this way, a substantially continuous spectral power distribution can be provided. More specifically, (in the first operating mode) at least one of n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured to generate a first laser, wherein at least 90% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least 11 different non-overlapping wavelengths with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0054] In embodiments, the system may provide system light using only one or more first VCSELs, such as using at least two different first VCSELs, more particularly using at least three different first VCSELs, and in more specific embodiments, using at least four different first VCSELs. However, in other embodiments, a light-emitting material may also be included in the system, which may be configured to convert at least a portion of the light from one of the first VCSELs and / or another light source.

[0055] Therefore, in an embodiment, the system may further include a light-emitting material configured to convert at least a portion of the light from the second light-generating device, wherein (in a first operating mode) the system light includes light from the light-emitting material, and wherein in a particular embodiment, the light-emitting material light may include an emission band having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 30 nm, such as at least 40 nm more particularly, such as at least 60 nm in a more specific embodiment.

[0056] Alternatively or additionally, the system may also include a luminescent material configured to convert at least a portion of the light from at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), wherein (in a first operating mode), the system light may include luminescent material light, and wherein the luminescent material light includes an emission band having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 30 nm, such as more particularly at least 40 nm, such as at least 60 nm in a more specific embodiment. Thus, the laser light from one or more of at least one of the first VCSELs can be (at least partially) converted into luminescent material light.

[0057] The term "luminescent material" specifically refers to a material capable of converting one or more of a first radiation, particularly UV radiation and blue radiation, into a second radiation. Typically, the first and second radiations have different spectral power distributions. Therefore, instead of the term "luminescent material," the terms "luminescent converter" or "converter" may also be used. Generally, the second radiation has a spectral power distribution at wavelengths larger than the first radiation, which is the case in so-called down-conversion. However, in certain embodiments, the second radiation has a spectral power distribution with intensity at wavelengths smaller than the first radiation, which is the case in so-called up-conversion.

[0058] In embodiments, "luminescent material" can specifically refer to a material capable of converting radiation into, for example, visible light and / or infrared light. For example, in embodiments, the luminescent material is capable of converting one or more of UV radiation and blue radiation into visible light. In certain embodiments, the luminescent material can also convert radiation into infrared radiation (IR). Therefore, when excited by radiation, the luminescent material emits radiation. Typically, the luminescent material will be a down-converter, i.e., radiation of a smaller wavelength is converted into radiation of a larger wavelength (λ). ex <λ emThe luminescent material may include an up-converter luminescent material, i.e., radiation of a larger wavelength is converted into radiation of a smaller wavelength (λ). Although in certain embodiments, the luminescent material may include an up-converter luminescent material, i.e., radiation of a larger wavelength is converted into radiation of a smaller wavelength (λ). ex >λ em ).

[0059] In embodiments, the term "luminescence" may refer to phosphorescence. In embodiments, the term "luminescence" may also refer to fluorescence. Instead of "luminescence," the term "emission" may also be used. Therefore, the terms "first radiation" and "second radiation" may refer to excitation radiation and emission (radiation), respectively. Similarly, the term "luminescent material" in embodiments may refer to phosphorescence and / or fluorescence.

[0060] The term "luminescent material" can also refer to a variety of different luminescent materials. Examples of possible luminescent materials are given below. Therefore, the term "luminescent material" can also refer to a luminescent material composition in a particular embodiment.

[0061] In the embodiments, the luminescent material is selected from garnet and nitrides, particularly doped with trivalent cerium or divalent europium, respectively. The term "nitride" may also refer to oxynitrides or nitrogen silicates, etc.

[0062] In a particular embodiment, the luminescent material includes A3B5O. 12 Ce-type luminescent materials, wherein A in embodiments comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb, and Lu, particularly (at least) one or more of Y, Gd, Tb, and Lu, and wherein B in embodiments comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc. Specifically, A may comprise one or more of Y, Gd, and Lu, such as one or more of Y and Lu. Specifically, B may comprise one or more of Al and Ga, more particularly comprising at least Al, such as substantially all Al. Therefore, cerium-containing garnet materials are particularly suitable luminescent materials. Examples of garnet specifically include A3B5O. 12Garnet, wherein A comprises at least yttrium or lutetium, and wherein B comprises at least aluminum. This garnet may be doped with cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), or a combination of cerium and praseodymium; however, Ce is particularly important. Specifically, B comprises aluminum (Al), however, B may also partially comprise gallium (Ga) and / or scandium (Sc) and / or indium (In), particularly up to about 20% of Al, more particularly up to about 10% of Al (i.e., the B ion is essentially composed of 90 or more mol% Al and 10 or less mol% of one or more of Ga, Sc, and In); B may particularly comprise up to about 10% gallium. In another variant, B and O may be at least partially substituted with Si and N. Element A may particularly be selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), and lutetium (Lu). Furthermore, Gd and / or Tb are particularly present only in an amount of up to about 20% of A. In a particular embodiment, the garnet luminescent material includes (Y 1- x Lu x )3B5O 12 :Ce, where x is equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1. The term ":Ce" indicates that a portion of the metal ions in the luminescent material (i.e., a portion of the "A" ions in garnet) are replaced by Ce. For example, in (Y 1-x Lu x )3Al5O 12 In the case of Ce, a portion of Y and / or Lu is substituted by Ce. This is known to those skilled in the art. Ce will typically substitute no more than 10% of A; generally, the Ce concentration will be in the range of 0.1% to 4%, particularly 0.1% to 2% (relative to A). Assuming 1% Ce and 10% Y, the perfectly correct molecular formula could be (Y 0.1 Lu 0.89 Ce 0.01 )3Al5O 12 It is known to those skilled in the art that Ce in garnet is essentially or only in a trivalent state.

[0063] In the embodiments, the luminescent material (therefore) comprises A3B5O. 12 In a particular embodiment, up to 10% of B-O can be replaced by Si-N.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, the luminescent material includes (Y x1-x2-x3 A' x2 Ce x3 )3(AL y1-y2 B' y2 )5O 12, where x1 + x2 + x3 = 1, where x3 > 0, where 0 < x2 + x3 ≤ 0.2, where y1 + y2 = 1, where 0 ≤ y2 ≤ 0.2, where A' includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanide elements, and where B' includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, and Sc. In an embodiment, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001 - 0.1. In the present invention, particularly, x1 > 0, such as > 0.2, e.g., at least 0.8. Garnets with Y can provide a suitable spectral power distribution.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, up to 10% of B - O can be replaced by Si - N. Here, B in B - O refers to one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc (and O refers to oxygen); in a specific embodiment, B - O can refer to Al - O. As indicated above, in a specific embodiment, x3 can be selected from the range of 0.001 - 0.04. Particularly, such luminescent materials can have a suitable spectral distribution (however, see below), have relatively high efficiency, have relatively high thermal stability, and allow a high CRI (optionally in combination with the light of other light sources described herein). Thus, in a specific embodiment, A can be selected from the group consisting of Lu and Gd. Alternatively or additionally, B can include Ga. Thus, in an embodiment, the luminescent material includes (Y x1-x2-x3 (Lu, Gd) x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 Ga y2 )O 12 , where Lu and / or Gd can be available. Even more particularly, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001 - 0.1, where 0 < x2 + x3 ≤ 0.1, and where 0 ≤ y2 ≤ 0.1. Additionally, in a specific embodiment, up to 1% of B - 0 can be replaced by Si - N. Here, the percentage refers to moles (as known in the art); also see, for example, EP3149108. In yet another specific embodiment, the luminescent material includes (Y x1-x3 Ce x3 )3Al5O 12 , where x1 + x3 = 1, and where 0 < x3 ≤ 0.2, such as 0.001 - 0.1.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the light - generating device can only include a luminescent material selected from the cerium - containing garnet type. In other specific embodiments, the light - generating device includes a single type of luminescent material, such as (Y x1-x2-x3 A’ x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 B’ y2 )5O 12Thus, in certain embodiments, the light generating device includes a luminescent material, wherein at least 85 wt%, even more particularly at least about 90 wt%, such as even more particularly at least about 95 wt% of the luminescent material comprises (Y x1-x2-x3 A’ x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 B’ y2 )5O 12 . Here, wherein A' comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanide elements, and wherein B' comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, and Sc, wherein x1 + x2 + x3 = 1, wherein x3 > 0, wherein 0 < x2 + x3 ≤ 0.2, wherein y1 + y2 = 1, wherein 0 ≤ y2 ≤ 0.2. In particular, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001 - 0.1. Note that in an embodiment, x2 = 0. Alternatively or additionally, in an embodiment, y2 = 0.

[0067] In certain embodiments, A can particularly comprise at least Y, and B can particularly comprise at least Al.

[0068] Thus, in certain embodiments, the luminescent material can comprise a luminescent material of the A3B5O 12 :Ce type, wherein A comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb, and Lu, and wherein B comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc.

[0069] Alternatively or additionally, wherein the luminescent material can comprise a luminescent material of the A3Si6N 11 :Ce 3+ type, wherein A comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb, and Lu, such as in an embodiment, one or more of La and Y.

[0070] In an embodiment, the luminescent material can alternatively or additionally comprise M2Si5N8:Eu 2+ and / or MAlSiN3:Eu 2+ and / or Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Eu 2+One or more of the following, wherein M includes one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca, particularly in embodiments, including at least Sr. Therefore, in embodiments, the luminescent material may include one or more materials selected from the group consisting of (Ba,Sr,Ca)S:Eu, (Ba,Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu, and (Ba,Sr,Ca)2Si5N8:Eu. In these compounds, europium (Eu) is substantially or only divalent and substitutes for one or more of the divalent cations shown. Typically, the amount of Eu present does not exceed 10% of the cation; its presence relative to the substituted cation(s) will particularly be in the range of about 0.5% to 10%, more particularly in the range of about 0.5% to 5%. The term ":Eu" indicates that a portion of the metal ion is substituted by Eu (in these examples, Eu is substituted for Eu). 2+ (Substitution). For example, assuming Eu in CaAlSiN3:Eu is 2%, the correct molecular formula could be (Ca... 0.98 Eu 0.02 AlSiN3. Divalent europium typically substitutes for divalent cations, such as the aforementioned divalent alkaline earth cations, particularly Ca, Sr, or Ba. The material (Ba,Sr,Ca)S:Eu can also be represented as MS:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); in particular, M includes calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more particularly calcium, in the compound. Here, Eu is introduced and substitutes for at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). Furthermore, the material (Ba,Sr,Ca)2Si5N8:Eu can also be represented as M2Si5N8:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); in particular, M includes Sr and / or Ba in the compound. In another specific embodiment, M consists of Sr and / or Ba (regardless of the presence of Eu), particularly 50% to 100%, more particularly 50% to 90% Ba and 50% to 0%, particularly 50% to 10% Sr, such as Ba 1.5 Sr 0.5 Si5N8:Eu (i.e., 75% Ba; 25% Sr). Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M, i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca. Similarly, the material (Ba, Sr, Ca)AlSiN3:Eu can also be represented as MAAlSiN3:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); in particular, M includes calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more particularly calcium in the compound. Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). As those skilled in the art will know, Eu in the above-described luminescent materials is essentially or only in a divalent state.

[0071] In embodiments, the red luminescent material may comprise one or more materials selected from the group consisting of (Ba,Sr,Ca)S:Eu, (Ba,Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu, and (Ba,Sr,Ca)2Si5N8:Eu. In these compounds, europium (Eu) is substantially or only divalent and substitutes for one or more of the divalent cations shown. Typically, the amount of Eu present does not exceed 10% of the cation; its presence relative to the substituted cation(s) will particularly be in the range of about 0.5% to 10%, more particularly in the range of about 0.5% to 5%. The term ":Eu" indicates that a portion of the metal ion is substituted by Eu (in these examples, Eu is substituted for Eu). 2+ (Substitution). For example, assuming Eu in CaAlSiN3:Eu is 2%, the correct molecular formula could be (Ca... 0.98 Eu 0.02 AlSiN3. Divalent europium often substitutes for divalent cations, such as the aforementioned divalent alkaline earth cations, especially Ca, Sr, or Ba.

[0072] The material (Ba, Sr, Ca)S:Eu can also be represented as MS:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); in particular, M includes calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more particularly calcium in the compound. Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca).

[0073] Furthermore, the material (Ba, Sr, Ca)₂Si₅N₈:Eu can also be represented as M₂Si₅N₈:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); in particular, M includes Sr and / or Ba in the compound. In another specific embodiment, M consists of Sr and / or Ba (regardless of the presence of Eu), particularly 50% to 100%, more particularly 50% to 90% Ba and 50% to 0%, particularly 50% to 10% Sr, such as Ba 1.5 Sr 0.5 Si5N8:Eu (i.e., 75% Ba; 25% Sr). Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M, i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca.

[0074] Similarly, the material (Ba, Sr, Ca)AlSiN3:Eu can also be represented as MAlSiN3:Eu. Here, M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); specifically, M includes calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more particularly calcium in the compound. Here, Eu is introduced and substitutes for at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca).

[0075] As those skilled in the art know, the Eu in the above-mentioned luminescent materials is essentially or only in a divalent state.

[0076] Blue luminescent materials may include YSO (Y2SiO5:Ce) 3+ ), or similar compounds, or BAM (BaMgAl) 10 O 17 Eu 2 + ), or similar compounds.

[0077] The term "luminescent material" in this article specifically refers to inorganic luminescent materials.

[0078] The term "phosphor" is also used instead of "luminescent material." These terms are known to those skilled in the art.

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, other luminescent materials may be used. For example, quantum dots and / or organic dyes may be used and may optionally be embedded in a transmissive matrix, such as polymers like PMMA or polysiloxanes.

[0080] Quantum dots are tiny crystals of semiconductor materials, typically only a few nanometers wide or in diameter. When excited by incident light, the color of the light emitted by a quantum dot is determined by the size and material of the crystal. Therefore, a specific color of light can be generated by adapting the size of the dot. Most known quantum dots with emission in the visible light range are based on cadmium selenide (CdSe) with a shell, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS). Cadmium-free quantum dots such as indium phosphide (InP), copper indium sulfide (CuInS2), and / or silver indium sulfide (AgInS2) can also be used. Quantum dots exhibit very narrow emission bands, and therefore they display saturated colors. Furthermore, the emission color can be easily tuned by adapting the size of the quantum dot. Any type of quantum dot known in the art can be used in this invention. However, for environmental safety and concerns, cadmium-free quantum dots or at least quantum dots with very low cadmium content are preferred.

[0081] Other quantum confinement structures can be used instead of quantum dots, or in addition to quantum dots. In the context of this application, the term "quantum confinement structure" should be understood to mean, for example, quantum wells, quantum dots, quantum rods, tripods, quadrupoles, or nanowires.

[0082] Organic phosphors can also be used. Examples of suitable organic phosphor materials include perylene derivative-based organic light-emitting materials, such as those from BASF. Compounds sold under the name of [name omitted]. Examples of suitable compounds include, but are not limited to, those sold under the name of [name omitted]. Red F305 Orange F240 Yellow F083 and F170.

[0083] Different luminescent materials can have different spectral power distributions of their light. Alternatively or additionally, these different luminescent materials can have different color points (or dominant wavelengths).

[0084] As described above, other luminescent materials are also possible. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the luminescent material is selected from the group consisting of divalent europium nitrides, divalent europium oxynitrides, binary europium silicates, cerium-containing garnets, and quantum structures. The quantum structure may, for example, include quantum dots or quantum rods (or other quantum-type particles) (see above). The quantum structure may also include a quantum well. The quantum structure may also include a photonic crystal.

[0085] The phrase “at least one or more first VCSELs in a first VCSEL” and similar phrases can also be expressed as “k1 first VCSELs in n first VCSELs”, where n≥1 and 1≤k1≤n.

[0086] Alternatively or additionally, the system may include another light source whose light itself may be comprised of system light. While the first light source can provide a first laser with a time-varying centroid wavelength, in embodiments, such another light source may be configured to generate light source light with a substantially fixed centroid wavelength, such as a laser diode. In embodiments, the system may also include a third light generating device configured to generate third device light, wherein the third light generating device may include a laser, wherein the third device light may have a third device light centroid wavelength (λ) located at a fixed position. c3 (During the first operating mode), the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system) to generate lasers with time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser, especially the third device's optical centroid wavelength (λ) c3The time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) of the first laser can be different from that of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. nac At least one of the following. The term "fixed position" can specifically mean that, at frequencies above 50 Hz, the spectral position of the third device light can be substantially fixed, such as having a maximum difference of 0.03 for u' and / or a maximum difference of 0.03 for v', or even more specifically, a maximum difference of 0.02 for u' and / or a maximum difference of 0.02 for v'. In a more specific embodiment, the corresponding color points of the first type of light and the second type of light can differ by a maximum of 0.01 for u' and / or a maximum difference of 0.01 for v'. Here, u' and v' are the color coordinates of the light in the CIE 1976 UCS (Uniform Chromaticity Scale) diagram.

[0087] In a particular embodiment, the control system may be configured to control the correlated color temperature (CCT) of the system light (in a first operating mode) at a value selected from the range of 1800K-6500K; wherein the CCT of the system light is controllable at least within a CCT control range of at least about 300K, such as more particularly at least 500K within the range of 1800K-6500K.

[0088] Therefore, in the embodiments (in the first operating mode), the CCT of the system light can be selected from a first correlated color temperature (CCT1) and a second correlated color temperature (CCT2), wherein |CCT2-CCT1| ≥ 300K. For example, 300K ≤ |CCT2-CCT1| ≤ 5000K, such as 800K ≤ |CCT2-CCT1| ≤ 4700K, and more particularly 1000K ≤ |CCT2-CCT1| ≤ 4500K. In the embodiments (in the first operating mode), the CCT of the system light can be selected from a first correlated color temperature (CCT1) and a second correlated color temperature (CCT2), wherein 1000K ≤ |CCT2-CCT1| ≤ 2500K.

[0089] By controlling the intensity at different wavelengths, the spectral power distribution can be made conformal to the BBL, thus achieving conformality with the BBL. This can be achieved by providing one or more powers and / or controlling the duty cycle.

[0090] In a particular embodiment, the control system may be configured to control the color rendering index (in a first operating mode) of the system light at a value of at least 70, more particularly at least 80, or even more particularly at least 90; wherein (in the operating mode) controlling the spectral power distribution of the system light includes individually controlling the duty cycle of the first pulse and the duty cycle of the second time period.

[0091] In embodiments, R9 can be at least 0, such as, and more particularly, at least 30. Alternatively, the R9 value can be controllable, such as in a range of at least 20 (e.g., between 20 and 40). However, in other embodiments, where n ≥ 3, and where the control system is configured to control the R9 value of the system light (in a first operating mode) at a value of at least 40; where the R9 value is controllable within an R9 control range of at least 30, where the R9 control range at least partially overlaps with the range of at least 40; and where the color rendering index of the system light (in the first operating mode) is at least 80.

[0092] A light generating system may be part of or applied to the following: office lighting systems, home application systems, shop lighting systems, residential lighting systems, accent lighting systems, spotlight systems, theater lighting systems, fiber optic application systems, projection systems, self-emissive display systems, pixelated display systems, segmented display systems, warning sign systems, medical lighting application systems, signage systems, decorative lighting systems, portable systems, automotive applications, (outdoor) road lighting systems, urban lighting systems, greenhouse lighting systems, horticultural lighting, digital projection, or LCD backlighting. For example, a light generating system (or luminaire) may be part of, or applied to, an optical communication system or a disinfection system.

[0093] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a lamp or luminaire comprising a light generating system as defined herein. The luminaire may further include a housing, optical elements, blinds, etc. The lamp or luminaire may also include a housing surrounding the light generating system. The lamp or luminaire may include a light window or housing opening in the housing through which system light can escape from the housing. In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a projection device comprising a light generating system as defined herein. In particular, a projection device, or “projector” or “image projector,” can be an optical device that projects an image (or moving image) onto a surface, such as a projection screen. The projection device may include one or more light generating systems as described herein. Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention also provides a lighting device comprising a light generating system as defined herein, selected from the group consisting of lamps, luminaires, projection devices, sterilization devices, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices. The lighting device may include a housing or carrier configured to house or support one or more elements of a light generating system. For example, in an embodiment, the lighting device may include a housing or carrier configured to house or support one or more of a first VCSEL and a control system.

[0094] Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention also provides a lighting device comprising a light generation system as defined herein, the lighting device being selected from the group consisting of lamps, luminaires, projection devices, disinfection devices, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices.

[0095] The terms “visible,” “visible light,” or “visible emission,” and similar terms refer to light having one or more wavelengths in the range of approximately 380 nm to 780 nm. Here, UV may specifically refer to wavelengths selected from the range of 190 nm to 380 nm, such as 200 nm to 380 nm.

[0096] The terms “light” and “radiation” are used interchangeably herein unless the context clearly indicates that the term “light” refers only to visible light. Therefore, the terms “light” and “radiation” can refer to ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation. In certain embodiments, particularly for lighting applications, the terms “light” and “radiation” refer to (at least) visible light.

[0097] The term "violet light" or "violet emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 380 nm to 440 nm. The term "blue light" or "blue emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 440 nm to 495 nm (including some violet and cyan). The term "green light" or "green emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 495 nm to 570 nm. The term "yellow light" or "yellow emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 570 nm to 590 nm. The term "orange light" or "orange emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 590 nm to 620 nm. The term "red light" or "red emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 620 nm to 780 nm. The term "pink light" or "pink emission" refers to light having both blue and red components. The term "cyan" can refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of approximately 490 nm to 520 nm. The term "amber" can refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of approximately 585 nm to 605 nm, such as approximately 590 nm to 600 nm. The phrase "light having one or more wavelengths within the wavelength range" and similar phrases can specifically indicate that the indicated light (or radiation) has a spectral power distribution that has an intensity at least at those one or more wavelengths within the indicated wavelength range. For example, a solid-state light source emitting blue light would have a spectral power distribution with an intensity at one or more wavelengths within the wavelength range of 440 nm to 495 nm.

[0098] The term "radiative flux" refers to the amount of radiant energy emitted per unit time. Attached Figure Description

[0099] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts, and in the drawings:

[0100] Figure 1A and Figure 1BSome embodiments and aspects are schematically depicted;

[0101] Figures 2A to 2C An embodiment is schematically depicted; Figures 2A to 2C The spectral power distribution is shown at CCT 2700K, CRI 93, and R9 40.

[0102] Figures 3A to 3C The embodiments and variations are depicted schematically; Figures 3B to 3C The spectral power distribution with CCT of 2840 K, CRI of 94, and R9 of 61 is shown; and

[0103] Figure 4 Several embodiments are illustrated schematically.

[0104] The diagram is not necessarily drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0105] refer to Figure 1A and Figure 1B The diagram schematically depicts several embodiments and aspects relating to a light generation system 1000 comprising n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 and a control system 300. Specifically, n ≥ 1. Here, n = 3 is used as an example.

[0106] Each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) to generate a first laser 111. The n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 are designated by reference numerals 110a, 110b, and 110c. The lasers 111 of the corresponding n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 are designated by reference numerals 111a, 111b, and 111c, respectively. The lasers 111a, 111b, and 111c of the corresponding n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can (during the first operating mode) generate a first laser 111 at at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The variations between ) are also noted. Figure 1B This change can have a frequency of at least 50 Hz.

[0107] The dashed rectangle included by the first VCSEL 110 may, for example, refer to a MEMS that can be used to control the time-dependent spectral power distribution of the (corresponding) first laser.

[0108] The control system 300 can be configured to control n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 such that (in a first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) system light 1001 can be generated, the system light 1001 comprising a first laser 111 of at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110, see also Figures 2A to 2C .

[0109] Reference numeral 410 may refer to an optical element. The term "optical device" may specifically refer to one or more optical elements. Therefore, the terms "optical device" and "optical element" may refer to the same item. An optical device may include one or more mirrors, reflectors, collimators, lenses, prisms, diffusers, phase plates, polarizers, diffraction elements, gratings, dichroists, arrays of one or more of the foregoing, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the term "optical device" may refer to a holographic element or a hybrid rod. In embodiments, an optical device may include one or more of beam expander optics and zoom lens optics. See above for examples of optical devices. Optical element 410 may specifically include beam shaping elements, such as collectors. For example, optical element 410 may include a CPC (compound parabolic condenser). Alternatively or additionally, optical element 410 may include a lens.

[0110] The control system 300 can be configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light 1001.

[0111] For other references, see examples. Figures 2A to 2C and Figures 3A to 3C In the first operating mode, the system light 1001 may be white light, which in an embodiment has a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70.

[0112] In an embodiment, each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm (such as at least 20 nm). nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser 111 changes between ) and ).

[0113] At least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured (in operating mode) to generate a wavelength with a first centroid wavelength (λ) for a first time period. nc,1 The first laser 111 and the second time period have a second centroid wavelength (λ). nc,2 The first laser 111, the first time period and the second time period each have a time period frequency of at least 50 Hz.

[0114] At least one of the n first vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured to provide a time-averaged first laser 111 as an emission band (during the first operating mode).

[0115] The first laser 111 can have a wavelength (λ) at the first centroid wavelength that varies with time. nc,1) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between these two values. nct ).

[0116] refer to Figure 1B Three schematically depicted embodiments illustrate the spectral power distribution of the VCSEL at different times. Therefore, it is possible to... Figure 1B The examples provided in Schematic Diagrams I-III illustrate the time-averaged spectral power distribution, resulting in the corresponding time-averaged centroid wavelength λ. nac .

[0117] The time-averaged spectral power distribution of the first laser 111 can conform to, or at least a portion thereof, the emission spectral power distribution of a blackbody radiator at a specific temperature in the range of 1800K–8000K, see also [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 2A to 2C .

[0118] refer to Figures 2A to 2C In an embodiment, the light generation system may include at least two first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110, which are configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) in at least two different wavelength ranges. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser 111 varies between at least two different wavelength ranges, with at least two wavelength ranges overlapping by less than 50%. Specifically, the system 1000 may include at least two first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110, which are configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) to generate lasers with different time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser 111, with different time-averaged centroid wavelengths selected from the following (different) wavelength ranges: 440nm-495nm, 495nm-570nm, 570nm-590nm, 590nm-620nm, and 620nm-780nm. At least two time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ...) nac The difference is at least 110 nm. More specifically, in an embodiment, system 1000 may include at least three vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110, which are configured (in a first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) to generate wavelengths with different time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser 111, with its time-averaged centroid wavelength selected from different wavelength ranges within the group consisting of: 440nm-495nm, 495nm-570nm, 570nm-590nm, 590nm-620nm, and 620nm-780nm. Furthermore, in embodiments, at least three time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ...)nac They can differ from each other by at least 40nm.

[0119] Figure 2A An embodiment is schematically depicted in which the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser 110 can emit light at at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) without an intermediate centroid wavelength. nc,1 , λ nc,2 Switch between ) Figure 2B An embodiment is schematically depicted, wherein the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser 110 operates at (extreme) two centroid wavelengths (λ). nc,1 , λ nc,2 Frequency sweeping between () can yield essentially continuous transmission bands, such as Figure 2C As shown.

[0120] Figure 2C This illustrates the extreme centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 , λ nc,2 An embodiment of a frequency sweep between () wavelengths, wherein the frequency sweep can be a substantially continuous variation of the emission wavelength, and thus a substantially continuous variation of the time-correlated centroid wavelength, thereby obtaining an emission band. This emission band can be substantially a portion of the blackbody trajectory at a specific correlated color temperature. Figures 2A to 2B In the diagram, the spectral power distribution of a blackbody radiator (emission) at a specific temperature is represented by a dashed line.

[0121] refer to Figure 2B (as well as Figure 2C In a particular embodiment, the spectral power distribution of the system light in visible light can be divided into k wavelength ranges (each with an equal width in nanometers), where k can be at least 10. For example, the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm can be divided into 40 ranges, each 10 nm, or into 80 ranges, each 5 nm. The value of k can be essentially infinite. In particular, for at least 10%, more particularly at least 20%, even more particularly at least 30%, and even more particularly at least 40% of these k wavelength ranges, the following can be applied: for a given CCT, the intensity in these portions is always within 10 SDCM of the BBL, such as within 5 SDCM. Here, in Figures 2B to 2C In this context, for a specific CCT, for example, (at least) 4 ranges (each range being at least 10 nm), it is substantially conformal within 10 SDCM of BBL.

[0122] For example, refer to Figures 2A to 2C and Figures 3A to 3CIn an embodiment, n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured (in a first operating mode) to generate system light 1001 having radiative flux at at least four different wavelengths within a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Specifically, the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 provide minimum and maximum intensity wavelengths spanning a wavelength range of at least 110 nm. The extreme centroid wavelengths (λ) of the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110... nc,1 , λ nc,2 The difference between them is labeled Δλ in the attached diagram. nc express.

[0123] exist Figures 2A to 2B In the first operating mode, where n is at least 2, at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 is configured to provide a time-averaged first laser 111 as an emission band, wherein the first laser 111 has a first centroid wavelength λ. 1c,1 With the second centroid wavelength λ 1c,2 The first time-dependent centroid wavelength λ varies with time. 1ct Furthermore, during the first operating mode, at least one additional first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) of the n first VCSELs 110 is configured to provide a time-averaged first laser 111 as an emission band, wherein the first laser 111 has a first centroid wavelength λ. 2c,1 With the second centroid wavelength λ 2c,2 The second time-dependent centroid wavelength λ varies with time. 2ct In particular, the first-time related centroid wavelength λ 1ct Second time-related centroid wavelength λ 2ct More specifically, and at least a) the first centroid wavelength λ 1c,1 and λ 2c,1 and / or b) the second centroid wavelength λ 1c,2 and λ 2c,2 different.

[0124] exist Figures 2A to 2B In the first VCSEL with n=4, the first centroid wavelength λ nc,1 Second centroid wavelength λ nc,2 The figures are labeled λ respectively. 1c,1 and λ 1c,2 , λ 2c,1 and λ 2c,2 , λ 3c,1 and λ 3c,2 and λ 4c,1 and λ 4c,2 express.

[0125] In an embodiment, at least 50% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser may be provided in at least four different wavelength ranges within the 380nm-780nm range.

[0126] refer to Figures 2A to 2C In an embodiment, (in a first operating mode) at least one of n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured to generate a first laser 111, more specifically, each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110. At least 50% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser can be within at least six different non-overlapping wavelengths with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Note that in Figures 2A to 2C In this illustration, only the lasers 111 of the four first vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 are schematically depicted, but as those skilled in the art will understand, in the embodiments, n may also be greater than 4 (or less than 4 in other embodiments).

[0127] In a particular embodiment, (in a first operating mode) at least one of n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured to generate a first laser 111. Specifically, all n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured together to generate the first laser 111. At least 60% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser can be within at least eight different non-overlapping wavelengths with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Even more specifically, in an embodiment (in the first operating mode), at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110, and more specifically, all n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 together, can be configured to generate the first laser 111. Specifically, at least 80% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser can be within at least eleven different non-overlapping wavelengths with a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0128] refer to Figure 3A In Embodiment I, the light generation system 1000 may further include a luminescent material 200 configured to convert at least a portion of the light from the second light generation device 120. The system light 1001 may (in a first operating mode) comprise the luminescent material light 201. In a particular embodiment, the luminescent material light 201 may include an emission band having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 40 nm. Possible spectral power distributions are as follows: Figure 3B As shown.

[0129] refer to Figure 3AIn Embodiment II, the light generation system 1000 may further include a light-emitting material 200 configured to convert at least a portion of the light from at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110. The system light 1001 may (in a first operating mode) comprise the light-emitting material light 201. Specifically, the light-emitting material light 201 may include an emission band having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 40 nm. Possible spectral power distributions are as follows: Figure 3B As shown.

[0130] In an embodiment, for example Figure 3A In embodiments I and II, the luminescent material 200 may include A3B5O. 12 Ce 3+ The luminescent material can be of one or more of the following types: A, L, Gd, Tb, and Lu; B, Al, Ga, In, and Sc. Alternatively or additionally, the luminescent material may include one or more other luminescent materials.

[0131] The luminescent material can be configured downstream of the first VCSEL or an optional second light source 120. In embodiments, different luminescent materials can be configured downstream of different VCSELs and / or optional second light sources 120. In certain embodiments, no luminescent material is configured downstream of at least one, more particularly downstream of at least two different VCSELs (i.e., the first laser of such a VCSEL can ultimately be in the system light (in operating mode)).

[0132] The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the arrangement of items or features relative to the propagation of light from a light-generating component (here, in particular, a light source), wherein a second position in the beam closer to the light-generating component is “upstream” relative to a first position in the beam from the light-generating component, and a third position in the beam further away from the light-generating component is “downstream”.

[0133] refer to Figure 3A In Embodiment III, the light generation system 1000 may further include a third light generation device 130 configured to generate third device light 131. The third light generation device 130 may include a laser. The third device light 131 has a third device light centroid wavelength (λ) that can be located at a fixed position (during the first operating mode). c3 Specifically, the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110 can be configured (in the first operating mode of the light generation system 1000) to generate lasers with time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser 111. The third device's optical centroid wavelength (λ) c3 The time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) of the first laser 111 can be different from that of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110. nacAt least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110, more specifically, is different from the all-time average centroid wavelength (λ) of the first laser 111 of all n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 110. nac Possible spectral power distributions are as follows: Figure 3C As shown.

[0134] In a particular embodiment, the control system 300 may be configured to control the correlated color temperature of the system light 1001 within a value selected from the range of 1800K-6500K (in a first operating mode). Specifically, in an embodiment, the correlated color temperature of the system light 1001 may be controllable within a CCT control range of at least 500K within the range of 1800K-6500K.

[0135] In an embodiment, the control system 300 may be configured to control the color rendering index (in a first operating mode) of the system light 1001 to a value of at least 90.

[0136] The spectral power distribution of the control system light 1001 (in operating mode) may include individually controlling the duty cycle of the first pulse and the duty cycle of the second time period.

[0137] Specifically, n≥3.

[0138] In an embodiment, the control system 300 can be configured to control the R9 value of the system light 1001 (in a first operating mode) to a value of at least 40 or even higher, such as at least 50. Figures 3B to 3C As shown, luminescent materials can be used to increase R9. The R9 value can be controllable within an R9 control range of at least 30. In particular, the R9 control range at least partially overlaps with a range of at least 40. In an embodiment, the color rendering index of system light 1001 (in a first operating mode) can be at least 80.

[0139] exist Figures 3B to 3C In the diagram, the spectral power distribution of a blackbody radiator (emission) at a specific temperature is represented by a solid line from the lower left to the upper right.

[0140] Figure 4 An embodiment of a luminaire 2 including the light generating system 1000 as described above is schematically depicted. Reference numeral 301 indicates a user interface that may be functionally coupled to a control system 300, which is included in or functionally coupled to the light generating system 1000. Figure 4 An embodiment of a lamp 1 including a light generating system 1000 is also schematically depicted. Reference numeral 3 indicates a projection device or system that can be used to project images, such as at a wall, and this projection device or system may also include the light generating system 1000. Therefore, Figure 4An embodiment of a lighting device 1200 comprising the light generation system 1000 described herein is schematically depicted. This lighting device is selected from the group consisting of lamp 1, luminaire 2, projection device 3, disinfection device, photochemical reactor, and optical wireless communication device. In embodiments, such a lighting device may be lamp 1, luminaire 2, projection device 3, disinfection device, or optical wireless communication device. Lighting device light emanating from the lighting device 1200 is indicated by reference numeral 1201. The lighting device light 1201 may consist substantially of system light 1001, and therefore may be system light 1001 in certain embodiments.

[0141] The term "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0142] Those skilled in the art will understand the terms "substantially" or "essentially" and similar terms used herein. The term "substantially" or "essentially" may also include embodiments with terms such as "complete," "entire," and "all." Therefore, in embodiments, the adjective "substantially" or "essentially" may also be removed. Where applicable, the term "substantially" or "essentially" may also refer to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, particularly 99% or higher, and more particularly 99.5% or higher (including 100%).

[0143] The term "comprising" also includes embodiments thereof, which are defined as "consisting of".

[0144] The term “and / or” specifically refers to one or more of the items mentioned before and after “and / or”. For example, the phrase “item 1 and / or item 2” and similar phrases can refer to one or more of item 1 and item 2. The term “comprising” in one embodiment can mean “consisting of”, but in another embodiment it can also mean “containing at least the defined species and one or more optional other species”.

[0145] Furthermore, the terms first, second, third, etc., used in the specification and claims are used to distinguish similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe order or chronological order. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate, and the embodiments of the invention described herein can operate in orders other than those described or illustrated herein.

[0146] The device, apparatus, or system may be described during operation. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to the method of operation, or the device, apparatus, or system in operation.

[0147] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative and not limiting of the invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to devise many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

[0148] In the claims, any reference numerals placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims.

[0149] The use of the verb "comprising" and its variations do not exclude the presence of other elements or steps besides those described in the claims. Unless the context explicitly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprising," "including," etc., should be interpreted in an inclusive rather than exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, in the sense of "including but not limited to."

[0150] The "one" or "one" preceding an element does not preclude the existence of multiple such elements.

[0151] This invention can be implemented by hardware comprising several different elements and by a computer appropriately programmed. In the device, apparatus, or system claims listing several means, several of these means can be implemented by the same hardware. The fact that certain measures are listed only in mutually different dependent claims does not imply that a combination of these measures cannot be used for an advantageous purpose. In another aspect, the invention (therefore) provides a software product that, when run on a computer, enables the implementation (one or more embodiments) of the methods described herein.

[0152] The present invention also provides a control system that can control a device, apparatus, or system, or perform the methods or processes described herein. Furthermore, the present invention provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer functionally coupled to or included in a device, apparatus, or system, controls one or more controllable elements of such a device, apparatus, or system.

[0153] The invention is further applicable to devices, apparatuses, or systems that include one or more of the features described in the specification and / or shown in the drawings. The invention also relates to a method or process that includes one or more of the features described in the specification and / or shown in the drawings.

[0154] The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined to provide additional advantages. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be combined, and more than two embodiments can be combined. Additionally, some features of the design can form the basis of one or more divisional applications.

Claims

1. A light generation system (1000) comprising n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), a second light generation device (120), and a control system (300), wherein n ≥ 1, wherein the second light generation device (120) is configured to generate second light generation device light, and wherein each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is configured to generate at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 10 nm at a frequency varying at least 50 Hz. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The system control system (300) is configured to control the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) such that system light (1001) is generated, the system light comprising the second light generating device light and the first laser (111) of at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), and wherein the system control system (300) is configured to control the spectral power distribution of the system light (1001), wherein the system light (1001) is white light having a correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K and a color rendering index of at least 70.

2. The light generation system (1000) according to claim 1, wherein each of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is configured to generate light at at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) having a wavelength difference of at least 20 nm. nc,1 , λ nc,2 A first laser (111) varying between the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), wherein at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is configured to generate a first centroid wavelength (λ) for a first time period. nc,1 The first laser (111) and the second time period with the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The first laser (111) of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is configured to provide a time-averaged first laser (111) as an emission band, wherein the first laser (111) has a time-averaged wavelength at the first centroid wavelength (λ). nc,1 ) and the second centroid wavelength (λ) nc,2 The time-dependent centroid wavelength (λ) varies between these two values. nct The time-averaged spectral power distribution of the first laser (111) conforms to at least a portion of the spectral power distribution emitted by a blackbody radiator at a specific correlated color temperature in the range of 1800K to 8000K.

3. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), said at least two first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers being configured to generate said at least two centroid wavelengths (λ) in at least two different wavelength ranges. nc,1 , λ nc,2 The first laser (111) varies between the wavelength ranges of the at least two different wavelength ranges, wherein the wavelength ranges overlap by less than 50%.

4. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2, comprising at least three vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), said at least three vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers being configured to generate light with different time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ). nac The first laser (111) of the different time-averaged centroid wavelengths is selected from the wavelength range of the group consisting of: 440 nm to 495 nm, 495 nm to 570 nm, 570 nm to 590 nm, 590 nm to 620 nm, and 620 nm to 780 nm, wherein at least three time-averaged centroid wavelengths (λ) nac They differ from each other by at least 40nm.

5. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) are configured to generate system light (1001) having radiant flux at at least four different wavelengths in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm, wherein the minimum and maximum wavelengths of the intensity provided by the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) span a wavelength range of at least 110 nm; wherein at least 50% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first lasers lies at at least four different wavelength ranges in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

6. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) is configured to generate a first laser (111), wherein at least 60% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least eight different non-overlapping wavelength ranges having a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

7. The light generation system (1000) of claim 4, wherein all of the n first vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) are configured to generate a first laser (111) together, wherein at least 80% of the time-averaged radiant flux of the first laser lies within at least 11 different non-overlapping wavelength ranges having a width of at least 10 nm in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

8. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2 further includes a light-emitting material (200) configured to convert at least a portion of the light of the second light generation device (120), wherein the system light (1001) comprises light-emitting material light (201), and wherein the light-emitting material light (201) comprises an emission band having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 40 nm.

9. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2 further includes a light-emitting material (200) configured to convert at least a portion of the light from at least one of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110), wherein the system light (1001) comprises light-emitting material light (201), and wherein the light-emitting material light (201) comprises an emission band having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 40 nm.

10. The light generation system (1000) according to claim 9, wherein the light-emitting material (200) comprises A3B5O. 12 Ce-type luminescent materials, wherein A includes one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb and Lu, and wherein B includes one or more of Al, Ga, In and Sc.

11. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2 further includes a third light generation device (130), the third light generation device being configured to generate a third device light (131), wherein the third light generation device (130) includes a laser, and wherein the third device light (131) has a third device light centroid wavelength (λ) located at a fixed position. c3 The n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110) are configured to generate lasers with a time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ). nac The first laser (111) of the third device, wherein the optical centroid wavelength (λ) c3 The time-averaged centroid wavelength (λ) of the first laser (111) is different from that of the n first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (110). nac At least one time-averaged centroid wavelength in ().

12. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the control system (300) is configured to control the correlated color temperature of the system light (1001) at a value selected in the range of 1800K to 6500K; wherein the correlated color temperature of the system light (1001) is controllable at least within a CCT control range of at least 500K in the range of 1800K to 6500K.

13. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the control system (300) is configured to control the color rendering index of the system light (1001) at a value of at least 90; wherein controlling the spectral power distribution of the system light (1001) comprises: The duty cycle of the first pulse and the duty cycle of the second time period are controlled separately.

14. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein n≥3, and wherein the control system (300) is configured to control the R9 value of the system light (1001) at a value of at least 40; wherein the R9 value is controllable within an R9 control range of at least 30, wherein the R9 control range at least partially overlaps with the range of at least 40; and wherein the color rendering index of the system light (1001) is at least 80.

15. A lighting device (1200) selected from the group consisting of: lamps (1), luminaires (2), projection devices (3), disinfection devices, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices, the lighting device comprising a light generation system (1000) according to any one of claims 1-2.

Images