Method for protecting and strengthening seedlings in a desert oasis continuous cropping cotton field with low soil moisture content

Abstract

The application provides a method for seedling protection and strong seedling growth in a desert oasis continuous cropping cotton field with low soil moisture, which is completed through the steps of seedbed building, sowing, drip irrigation belt laying, water dripping for soil moisture supply after sowing, and field management after seedling emergence; the ploughing and harrowing are completed within 0-2 days of the suitable sowing period; the combined land preparation machine used in the harrowing is designed as a split flow land preparation flat frame without any harrow group; the drip irrigation belt is selected as a one-time edge-seam labyrinth type or an inner-inlaid patch type drip irrigation belt; after sowing, the first drip irrigation for soil moisture supply is generally implemented within 24 hours, and the second drip irrigation is implemented after 3-5 days; the water-soluble phosphorus fertilizer and the humic acid fertilizer can be applied with water dripping; and the soil is covered on the planting row after the cotton seedling emergence. The cotton field seedling protection rate of the application reaches 85.3% on average, and the water saving of the conventional winter (spring) irrigated cotton field is up to 202 m 3 / mu, and in the rain disaster scenario, the seedling protection rate is increased by 21.8 percentage points on average, so that the application can increase the yield and income and greatly save water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cotton planting technology, specifically relating to a method for protecting and strengthening seedlings in cotton fields with insufficient moisture during continuous cropping in desert oases. Background Technology

[0002] To achieve the goals of full, early, and robust cotton seedling emergence, in addition to timely sowing, it is usually necessary to ensure suitable soil moisture at the time of sowing. Although Xinjiang, a major cotton-producing area with typical desert oasis characteristics, experiences heavy snowfall in winter, the amount of snowfall is generally insufficient to meet the needs of cotton seedling emergence. Furthermore, the significant uneven distribution of snowfall across different cotton-producing areas means that without pre-sowing irrigation (winter or spring irrigation) to build up soil moisture, insufficient moisture can prevent normal sowing and affect cotton seedling emergence. Even with pre-sowing irrigation, insufficient irrigation or improper tillage methods can result in soil moisture levels that are insufficient for normal cotton seedling emergence.

[0003] Years of research have shown that due to the unique natural environment of cotton-growing areas in Xinjiang, the conventional practice is to conduct a large-volume, fixed-amount winter or spring irrigation before cotton sowing to create a suitable soil moisture environment for seedling protection, or even one winter and one spring irrigation, to meet the cotton's "emergence water" requirements. Typically, a single winter or spring irrigation requires 160–230 m³ of water. 3 / mu, when the suitable sowing period arrives, fertilization and land preparation begin, ensuring that the soil moisture content of the cotton field to be sown is maintained between 13.0% and 16.7%. Under the condition that no other factors interfere, the cotton field can achieve a high seedling quality target after sowing. The above analysis shows that pre-sowing irrigation in cotton fields typically has two main characteristics: large water consumption and concentrated watering periods, mainly from mid-November to the end of December of the previous year and from mid-February to March 20 of the current year. However, at this time, the temperature in oasis cotton-growing areas is low, and the temperature in the high-altitude mountainous areas and surrounding areas, which are the main water sources, is even lower, making it difficult for snowmelt to melt in large quantities. Xinjiang has an annual cotton planting area of ​​over 37.5 million mu, and the contradiction between the large-scale, high-quota pre-sowing irrigation demand and the limited snowmelt supply is extremely prominent. Every year, millions of mu of cotton fields cannot be irrigated in time during winter or spring, resulting in delayed cotton sowing, ultimately leading to lower (poor) yield and quality. Some cotton fields even have to be converted to other crops due to severe delays in irrigation, and some cotton fields are forced to fallow due to lack of irrigation water. Even in reality, some cotton fields have water supply guarantees, but improper irrigation or land preparation methods can lead to poor soil moisture, affecting normal cotton emergence. All of these problems pose a serious threat to cotton production in Xinjiang.

[0004] Further investigation and analysis show that other cotton-growing regions around the world with similar ecological zones to Xinjiang have encountered the above problems. Due to the lack of effective seedling protection methods, they generally adopt the practice of controlling the scale of land development and reducing the cotton planting area, which inevitably affects the income of local cotton farmers and economic development to some extent.

[0005] Multiple experts, including the inventor, have conducted long-term investigations and analyses, concluding that reducing irrigation quotas is the best solution to the current water supply contradiction in cotton fields. For cotton-growing counties (cities, farms) with insufficient moisture due to low winter snowfall, the inventor employs a post-sowing drip irrigation method. This involves addressing situations where cotton fields have not undergone large-scale pre-sowing irrigation or have insufficient pre-sowing irrigation, and the relative soil moisture content at the time of cotton sowing is only 35-50%. This is achieved through appropriate technical measures, including seedbed construction, sowing and drip irrigation tape installation, post-sowing drip irrigation, and post-emergence field management. Post-sowing drip irrigation utilizes the favorable conditions of rapid temperature rise and increased snowmelt from high mountains after sowing, replacing the conventional pre-sowing (October 20th of the previous year to March 25th of the current year) flood irrigation of 160-230 m³. 3 Adjusting the irrigation rate per mu to immediate drip irrigation after sowing helps extend the irrigation cycle, thereby increasing the water supply. In addition, the significant reduction in the irrigation quota for cotton fields effectively alleviates the contradiction between insufficient water resources and the large scale of cotton planting. At the same time, it effectively creates a sufficient moisture and low salinity growth environment in the local area around the cotton seed hole, enabling more cotton fields to be irrigated with limited water resources. This ensures that cotton is sown at the optimal sowing time, prevents the need to switch to other crops or even fallow, and avoids the damage caused by rain disasters during the seedling stage in Xinjiang cotton-growing areas. Ultimately, it achieves the goals of full, early, and strong seedlings.

[0006] Xinjiang's desert oases are my country's largest cotton-growing region and one of the world's most important cotton-producing areas, with an annual planting area of ​​approximately 37.5 million mu (about 2.8 million hectares) and a total output accounting for more than 20% of the global total. Due to the remarkable effects of this invention, it has profound significance for the sustainable development of local cotton production and social stability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for ensuring strong seedling growth in continuously cropped cotton fields in desert oases with insufficient moisture. This method comprises the steps of seedbed construction, sowing and drip irrigation tape installation, post-sowing drip irrigation, and post-emergence field management. Tillage and harrowing are completed within 0-2 days of the optimal sowing period. The combined tillage machine used for harrowing employs a diversion-type leveling frame design. Sowing is performed immediately after the seedbed construction is completed when the temperature is suitable. Disposable edge-slit labyrinth type or inlaid patch type drip irrigation tape is selected. The drip irrigation tape is laid in a "two-row, one-tape" field method, or it can be placed on one side of a narrow row. After sowing, the first drip irrigation is generally implemented within 24 hours, followed by a second drip irrigation 3-5 days later, with the two drip irrigation volumes being 8-15 m³ each. 3 15-30m 3 When watering, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer can be applied with the dripping water. Cover the planting row with soil after the cotton seedlings emerge.

[0008] The specific operation of this invention is carried out according to the following steps:

[0009] 1) Seedbed construction: Select cotton fields in desert oases with a groundwater level ≥1.0m, a topsoil layer (0-15cm) with a soil salinity ≤0.8%, and with drip irrigation facilities that are compatible with cotton planting;

[0010] Tillage, harrowing and other land preparation operations should be completed within 0 to 2 days of the cotton sowing period in the current year, so as to ensure that the relative soil moisture content of the topsoil layer (0 to 30 cm) of the cotton field is 35 to 50% after the land preparation is completed and before cotton sowing.

[0011] During harrowing, for sandy loam and sandy cotton fields, a combined tillage machine with a diversion-type leveling frame design without any harrowing assembly is used. The diversion-type leveling frame includes a leveling frame assembly (1), an inward-facing diversion guide assembly (2), a leveling scraper assembly (3), an outward-facing diversion guide assembly (4), and a press roller assembly (5). Figure 1 For cotton fields with sticky, heavy soil or where the press rollers cannot crush large clods with a maximum length of ≥3cm, conventional combined tillage machines or soil-breaking power-driven harrows with harrow sets (notched harrow sets, disc harrow sets, spiked harrow sets, or a combination of two of these harrow sets) are still used.

[0012] 2) Sowing and Drip Irrigation Tape Installation: If there are no abnormal weather events such as low temperatures or rainfall, and the temperature is suitable, sow immediately after the seedbed is constructed. The selected seeder should be a multi-functional precision seeder equipped with drip irrigation tape installation and a BeiDou satellite navigation system. Use disposable (meaning it's used for one cotton growth cycle, the same applies below) edge-slit labyrinth type or inlaid patch type drip irrigation tape (both types have a pipe diameter of 16mm, a dripper spacing of 200-300mm, and a working pressure of 0.1MPa or higher). The water uniformity should be above 90%. When laying the drip irrigation tape, the drippers should all face upwards. The flow channel should be serrated, S-shaped, or a derivative thereof (the derivative refers to a shape between serrated and S-shaped). Among them, the other main parameters of the edge-slit labyrinth drip irrigation tape are: dripper flow rate 1.5-3.2L / h, and the laying length of a single drip irrigation tape in the field is 50-100m; the other main parameters of the inlaid patch drip irrigation tape are: dripper flow rate 0.8-2.8L / h, and the laying length of a single drip irrigation tape in the field is 70-130m.

[0013] In the wide-narrow row planting pattern, in cotton fields with heavy sand, the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row (i.e., "two rows and one tape sandwiched") in the field. In cotton fields with moderate or heavy stickiness, the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row (i.e., "two rows and one tape sandwiched") or on one side of the narrow row in the field.

[0014] In the equal row spacing planting pattern (the field row spacing is 76cm), the drip irrigation tape is laid on one side of the planting row (i.e., "one tape per row").

[0015] At any time, only one drip irrigation tape can be laid between two planting rows (wide or narrow) in a cotton field;

[0016] 3) Drip irrigation after sowing: After sowing, the first drip irrigation should generally be carried out within 24 hours, with a drip irrigation volume of 8-15 m³. 3 / acre, one day after drip irrigation, the relative moisture content of the topsoil in the seed hole and its surrounding drip irrigation area stabilizes at 58-73%. A second drip irrigation is usually performed 3-5 days later, with a drip irrigation volume of 15-30m³. 3 / mu, and surface water accumulation must be strictly prohibited during each drip irrigation; surface water or groundwater with a mineralization of 0.5 to 2.2 g / L should be used for drip irrigation;

[0017] When watering cotton fields, apply 1-2 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 500-1000 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 kg / mu of water-soluble diammonium phosphate, 1-2 kg / mu of urea phosphate, and 1.2-2.5 kg / mu of fully soluble humic acid with the water. Other fertilizers with similar nutritional and soil-improving properties can also be used, including the use of fully soluble soil conditioners to replace humic acid fertilizers.

[0018] 4) Field management after emergence: When the cotton seedlings have emerged to the stage of two leaves and one heart or three leaves and one heart, use a special soil covering machine that does not press down the seedlings to cover the planting rows with soil and seal the seed holes;

[0019] The first irrigation after all cotton seedlings have emerged should be done in early to mid-May, usually with drip irrigation of 1.2–1.5 kg / mu of fully soluble pure N and 0.5–1.0 kg / mu of pure P2O5.

[0020] The following is a detailed explanation:

[0021] Step 1):

[0022] In cotton-growing areas where winter precipitation is ≤15mm, if it is predicted that the seeders will get stuck during the following year's sowing due to sandy soil, low groundwater level, poor moisture, or actual production has confirmed this, then drip irrigation should be applied to a depth of 40-60m before cotton sowing (including before or after the previous year's machine harvest or before the current year's cotton sowing). 3 / mu or conventional furrow irrigation 60-80m 3 / mu. Among them, irrigation before the machine harvesting of cotton in the previous year is usually done by drip irrigation. The specific irrigation time is based on the soil moisture not affecting the normal operation of machine harvesting. Irrigation before the sowing of cotton in the current year is done by conventional furrow irrigation, usually about 20 days before sowing.

[0023] The suitable sowing period for cotton fields that year was from April 5 to 18. Before sowing cotton, the plowing depth was 28 to 32 cm, and after plowing, harrowing, leveling and raking were carried out in a timely manner.

[0024] The number of inner and outer figure-eight diverting soil guide groups (2) and outer figure-eight diverting soil guide groups (4) should be increased as appropriate according to the width of the flat soil frame, and their arrangement should adopt a staggered design; the diameter of the pressing roller group (5) is 400-600mm.

[0025] The tillage, harrowing, leveling, raking, and compaction operations in cotton fields should follow the sequence of first loose sandy soil, then moderately loose sandy loam, and finally heavy loose saline-alkali soil. This ensures that the topsoil of the cotton field has suitable looseness and moisture after tillage, preventing the seeder from getting stuck. For cotton fields with heavy sand, low soil moisture, or a tendency to suffer from severe moisture loss, an "early tillage, rapid sowing, and uninterrupted tillage and sowing" approach should be adopted. When sowing in such cotton fields, the tractor arm used for sowing should be raised by 3-5 cm compared to other types of cotton fields.

[0026] Before the final harrowing operation, chemical sealing herbicide is applied to the soil. The selected herbicide is 33% pendimethalin EC at 150-180 mL / mu. For cotton fields severely infested with black nightshade, chemical sealing herbicide is applied at 50% wettable powder at 100-150 g / mu or 42% flupyradifurone SC at 100-150 mL / mu.

[0027] The cotton fields prepared for "dry sowing and wet emergence" should have a seedbed height difference of no more than ±5cm per mu, a total land height difference of no more than ±12.5cm, and no scattered or no soil clods with a maximum length greater than 3cm on the surface.

[0028] Step 2):

[0029] When using edge-slotted labyrinth drip irrigation tape, the principle of "the heavier the sand in the soil, the higher the dripper flow rate and the smaller the dripper spacing" should be followed. Generally, for highly viscous or compacted soils, the dripper flow rate is 1.5–1.9 L / h with a dripper spacing of 275–300 mm. For moderately viscous sandy loam cotton fields, the dripper flow rate is generally 2.0–2.7 L / h with a dripper spacing of 230–275 mm. For highly sandy or gravelly soils, the dripper flow rate is 2.8–3.2 L / h with a dripper spacing of 200–230 mm. When using patch drip irrigation tape, the same principle applies: the heavier the sand in the soil, the higher the dripper flow rate and the smaller the dripper spacing.

[0030] When the drip irrigation tape is placed on the narrow row side, the distance between the drip irrigation tape and the nearest planting row should be 6-8 cm.

[0031] The wide-narrow row planting method, under the premise of ensuring that the width of the row plus the width of the row equals 76cm, has a width of 63-66cm and a corresponding narrow row of 13-10cm. The seeder nozzle of the cotton field planter uses a normal non-offset pointed nozzle design with a nozzle length of 2.7-3.0cm and a sowing depth of 2.5-3.0cm. However, when the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row, the row spacing of the narrow row must be adjusted to 13cm. At the same time, the seeder nozzle uses an offset pointed nozzle design, with the nozzle length and sowing depth remaining unchanged.

[0032] Other methods related to sowing and drip irrigation tape laying should be followed in accordance with those used in surrounding conventional high-yield cotton fields.

[0033] After the sowing operation is completed, the quality of the soil covering and film pressing and the film fixing and wind protection operation must be checked immediately, and any deficiencies in the film fixing and wind protection operation during mechanical sowing should be made up in a timely manner.

[0034] Step 3):

[0035] If it has been proven that watering only once a year can achieve full seedling emergence without affecting the later growth and development, then watering only once is also acceptable.

[0036] Step 4):

[0037] When mechanically covering the seed holes after seedling emergence, the covering soil should not be compacted.

[0038] For cotton fields that have used the method of this invention for 2-3 consecutive years, if the soil salinity in the 0-15cm topsoil layer before tillage is >0.8%, the cotton fields must be adjusted to undergo at least one year of tillage before sowing, specifically by tilling the soil in the 120-180m topsoil layer. 3 Large-volume irrigation per acre to conserve soil moisture and suppress salt, without using drip irrigation to raise soil moisture immediately after sowing to protect seedlings.

[0039] The technical solutions of the above embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0040] After using the method of this invention, the cotton seedling survival rate of each embodiment of this invention was investigated in cotton fields after emergence in 2022 and 2023. Five to eight points were randomly selected for each embodiment, and the seedling survival rate of cotton fields in the surrounding area using conventional seedling protection methods was also investigated. The results showed that, under conditions without rain damage, the average seedling survival rate of the method of this invention was 85.3%, which was on par with the seedling survival rate of high-yield cotton fields in the surrounding area using conventional seedling protection methods. Under conditions with rain damage, the average seedling survival rate was 21.8 percentage points higher than that of cotton fields in the surrounding area using conventional seedling protection methods. Furthermore, the cotton growth process in this method was 3 to 5 days earlier than that in cotton fields using conventional seedling protection methods sown at the same time. In addition, this method can significantly reduce irrigation quotas, reduce cotton field inputs, and has a good effect on preventing rain damage. Therefore, the method of this invention can meet production needs.

[0041] The present invention has been described in detail above; however, the above embodiments are merely illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, this document is not limited to the foregoing prior art or the invention itself, or to any theory described in the following embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main components of a diversion-type land leveling and soil breaking frame provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Illustration: 1- Leveling frame assembly; 2- Inward V-shaped diversion soil guide assembly; 3- Leveling scraper assembly; 4- Outward V-shaped diversion soil guide assembly; 5- Press roller assembly.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a picture of a standard land leveling machine. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, and methods used in the embodiments are all conventional raw materials, reagents, and methods in the art.

[0047] The following examples were conducted in 2022 and 2023 in the Third Regiment of the First Division of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, Awat County, Korla City, and Yuli County.

[0048] Both the diversion-type land leveling frame and the multi-functional precision cotton seeder are from Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] In 2022, a new technology demonstration field was established in the Third Regiment of the First Division in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang. The cotton field covered an area of ​​230 mu (approximately 15 hectares). The soil texture was sandy loam, the groundwater level was 2.0 m, and the salinity of the topsoil layer (0-15 cm) before tillage was 0.4%. Deep plowing to a depth of 30 cm was carried out on April 9th. After plowing, a diversion-type leveling frame design without any harrows was used. Figure 1 A combined tillage machine was used to harrow and level the cotton fields. The leveling frame rollers had a diameter of 500mm. The leveled land met the standards of "even, loose, clean, level, and broken," with a height difference of 5cm per mu and a total height difference of 14cm per plot. There were no large soil clods ≥3cm in the cotton fields, and the relative soil moisture content of the topsoil layer (0-30cm) was 41%. Before the final harrowing operation, 150mL / mu of 33% pendimethalin EC was used for soil sealing.

[0051] On April 10th, the cotton field was planted using a multi-functional precision cotton seeder equipped with drip irrigation tape and a Beidou satellite navigation system, employing a 66+10 cm single-film, six-row planting operation. During planting, except for the omission of the cotton row covering and compaction procedures, the entire process—including seedbed shaping, furrowing, drip irrigation tape laying, film laying, film covering and pressing, hole punching, and precision seeding—was completed in one operation. The seeder's perforator was a standard, non-biased design with a perforation length of 2.8 cm and a planting depth of 2.8 cm. For cotton fields, drip irrigation tape is laid using inlaid patch-type drip irrigation tape with a pipe diameter of 16mm, a dripper spacing of 230mm, an operating pressure ≥0.1MPa, and a serrated flow channel derivative. The dripper flow rate is 2.2L / h. The drip irrigation tape is laid on one side of the narrow cotton row, 8cm away from the planting row, with the drippers facing upwards. The length of a single drip irrigation tape is 130m, and the irrigation uniformity is ≥90%. Other field operations related to sowing and drip irrigation tape laying, such as soil covering and mulching, laying ground branch pipes, and connecting capillary pipes, are carried out in accordance with the surrounding conventional high-yield cotton fields. After sowing, the quality of soil covering and mulching operations is checked manually and promptly.

[0052] After sowing, drip irrigation was carried out using irrigation water with a mineralization of 0.8 g / L, with a drip rate of 13.0 m. 3 / mu, apply 0.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate via drip irrigation. The next day, the relative moisture content of the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm in the seed hole and surrounding drip irrigation area was measured to be 64%. A second drip irrigation was carried out on April 15th, with a drip volume of 23 m³. 3 Apply 2.0 kg / mu of water-soluble diammonium phosphate via drip irrigation. The first irrigation after cotton emergence was carried out on May 3rd, with a drip irrigation rate of 20 m³ / mu. 3 Apply 3 kg / mu of urea (equivalent to approximately 1.4 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 1.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (equivalent to 0.78 kg / mu of pure P2O5) with irrigation water. On May 13 (when the cotton plant has two leaves and one heart), use specialized soil covering machinery to cover the planting rows and seal the seed holes.

[0053] Other management methods for cotton fields were carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with wide and narrow rows, 1 film film, and 6 rows of drip irrigation in the local area.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] In 2023, in the Sixth Company of the Third Regiment of the First Division in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, the cotton field area was 100 mu (approximately 6.7 hectares). The soil texture was sandy loam, the groundwater level was 2.1m, and the salt content of the 0-15cm topsoil layer before tillage was 0.3%. Tillage was carried out on April 6th to a depth of 28cm. After tillage, a multi-channel leveling frame design was adopted. Figure 1A combined tillage machine was used to harrow and level the cotton fields. This combined tillage machine did not have any harrow assembly, and its roller diameter was 600mm. The leveled land met the standards of "even, loose, clean, level, and broken," with a height difference of 5cm per mu and a height difference of 16cm between individual plots. There were no large soil clods ≥3cm in the cotton fields, and the relative soil moisture content of the topsoil layer (0-30cm) was 35.3%. Before the final harrowing operation, 180mL / mu of 33% pendimethalin EC was used for soil sealing.

[0056] After the cotton fields were prepared on April 6th, a multi-functional precision cotton seeder with drip irrigation tape and a Beidou satellite navigation system was used to perform three-row sowing with a 76cm row spacing and one film. The seeder used had a standard non-offset duckbill design with a duckbill length of 2.7cm and a sowing depth of 3.0cm. Except for the two steps of covering the cotton seed rows with soil and compacting, the seeder completed the seedbed shaping, furrowing, drip irrigation tape laying, film laying, covering the film with soil and pressing the film, punching holes, and precision sowing in one operation. Approximately 50 mu (about 3.3 hectares) of cotton fields used edge-slotted labyrinth drip irrigation tape, while another 50 mu (about 3.3 hectares) used inlaid patch drip irrigation tape. Both types of drip irrigation tape had a pipe diameter of 16mm, a dripper spacing of 260mm, an operating pressure of ≥0.1MPa, and an S-shaped flow path. The edge-slotted labyrinth drip irrigation tape had a dripper flow rate of 2.5L / h, while the patch drip irrigation tape had a dripper flow rate of 1.5L / h. Both types of drip irrigation tape were laid using a "one-row-one-tape" method, meaning the drip irrigation tape was laid on one side of the planting row, 6cm away from the row, with the drippers facing upwards. The length of a single drip irrigation tape was 70m, and the irrigation uniformity was ≥90%. Other field operations related to sowing and drip irrigation tape laying, such as soil covering and mulching, laying ground branch pipes, and connecting capillary pipes, were carried out in accordance with the practices of surrounding conventional high-yield cotton fields. After sowing, the quality of the soil covering and mulching operations was checked manually and promptly.

[0057] The day after sowing (April 7th), drip irrigation was carried out using well water with a mineralization of 1.5 g / L, with a drip rate of 15.0 m³. 3 At 2.0 kg / mu, water-soluble monoammonium phosphate was applied via drip irrigation. The following day, the relative soil moisture content (0-30 cm) in the seed hole and surrounding drip irrigation area was measured at 71.5%. A second drip irrigation was conducted on April 11th, with a drip rate of 30 m³ / mu. 3 Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.0 kg / mu) and fully soluble humic acid (2.5 kg / mu) via drip irrigation. The first irrigation after cotton emergence should be carried out on May 1st, with a drip irrigation rate of 20 m³ / mu. 3 Apply 3.3 kg / mu of urea (equivalent to approximately 1.52 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 2 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (equivalent to 1.04 kg / mu of pure P2O5) with irrigation water. On May 10 (when the cotton has two leaves and one heart), use specialized soil covering machinery to cover the planting rows with soil.

[0058] Other management methods for cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with 76cm equal row spacing, 1 film and 3 rows of drip irrigation in the local area.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] In 2022, in Shifenchang, Sanhe Town, Awat County, Xinjiang, a cotton field with an area of ​​80 mu (approximately 5.3 hectares) was planted. The soil was sandy with a groundwater level of 2.5m. Before tillage, the soil salinity in the 0-15cm topsoil layer was 0.3%. The planting pattern was a six-row wide-narrow row planting with a 63+13cm film layer. The cotton field was tilled on April 11th, with a deep plowing depth of 32cm. After plowing, a diversion-type tillage and leveling frame design without any harrowing equipment was used. Figure 1 A combined tillage machine was used to harrow and level the cotton fields. The rollers of the leveling frame had a diameter of 600mm. The leveled soil met the standards of "evenness, looseness, cleanliness, flatness, and fragmentation," with a height difference of 7cm per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) and a total height difference of 24cm per plot. There were no large soil clods (≥3cm) in the cotton fields, and the relative soil moisture content of the topsoil layer (0-30cm) was 43.5%. Before the final harrowing operation, 120g / mu of 50% wettable powder herbicide was applied to the soil to prevent damage from Solanum nigrum in the cotton fields.

[0061] On April 12, the cotton fields were sown using a multi-functional precision cotton seeder equipped with drip irrigation tape and a Beidou satellite navigation system. Except for the two operations of covering the cotton planting rows with soil and compacting, the seeder completed the seedbed shaping, furrowing, laying drip irrigation tape, laying film, covering the film with soil and pressing the film, punching holes, and precision seeding in one go. The seeder used for sowing had an offset pointed nozzle design with a nozzle length of 3.0 cm and a sowing depth of 2.5 cm. The tractor arm strength was increased by 3 cm compared to the conventional method. In Example 3, approximately half of the cotton field was irrigated with edge-slotted labyrinth drip tape, while the remaining 40 mu (approximately 6.7 hectares) were irrigated with inlaid patch drip tape. Both types of drip tape had a pipe diameter of 16mm, a dripper spacing of 200mm, an operating pressure of ≥0.1MPa, and a serrated flow path. The edge-slotted labyrinth drip tape had a dripper flow rate of 3.2L / h, and the patch drip tape had a dripper flow rate of 2.8L / h. Both types of drip tape were laid between two narrow rows, using a "two-row, one-tape" field laying method. The drippers were placed facing upwards during installation, and each drip tape was 100m long. The irrigation uniformity was ≥90%. Other field operations related to sowing and drip tape installation, such as soil covering and mulching, laying ground branch pipes, and connecting capillary pipes, were performed in accordance with the procedures for surrounding conventional high-yield cotton fields. After sowing, the quality of the soil covering and mulching operations was checked manually and promptly.

[0062] The day after sowing (April 13th), drip irrigation was carried out using irrigation water with a mineralization of 0.52 g / L, with a drip volume of 14.0 m. 3 / mu, and applied 1.0 kg / mu of water-soluble monoammonium phosphate via drip irrigation. The next day, the relative moisture content of the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm in the seed hole and surrounding drip irrigation area was measured to be 60.3%. A second drip irrigation was carried out on April 16th, with a drip rate of 25 m³. 3 / mu, and apply 2.0 kg / mu of urea phosphate + 1.2 kg / mu of fully soluble humic acid via drip irrigation. The first irrigation after emergence was carried out on May 7th, with a drip irrigation volume of 20 m³. 3 Apply 2.6 kg / mu of urea (equivalent to approximately 1.2 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 1 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (equivalent to 0.521 kg / mu of pure P2O5) with irrigation water. On May 19 (when the cotton has three leaves and one heart), use specialized soil covering machinery to cover the planting rows and seal the seed holes.

[0063] Other management methods for cotton fields were carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with wide and narrow rows, 1 film film, and 6 rows of drip irrigation in the local area.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] In 2023, in Tosimukul Village, Sanhe Town, Awat County, Xinjiang, a cotton field with an area of ​​150 mu (approximately 10 hectares) was constructed. The soil texture was sandy loam, the groundwater level was 2.30 m, and the salinity of the topsoil layer (0-15 cm) before tillage was 0.6%. Because nearly 35 mu (approximately 2.3 hectares) of the cotton field had a high sand content, and had experienced vehicle entrapment during planting in previous years, this example was used to irrigate the nearly 35 mu of sandy cotton field on September 20, 2022 (machine harvesting on October 8), with well water having a mineralization of 0.80 g / L (drip irrigation). The irrigation volume was 50 m³. 3 / mu; the remaining hundred mu of cotton fields were not irrigated.

[0066] The cotton fields underwent unified land preparation on April 4, 2023, with a plowing depth of 28cm. After plowing, a diversion-type land leveling frame design without any harrows was adopted. Figure 1 The combined tillage machine was used to harrow and level the cotton fields. The leveling frame roller has a diameter of 600mm. The leveled land meets the standards of "even, loose, clean, flat and broken". The height difference per mu is 6cm and the height difference of the whole plot is 18cm. There are no large soil clods ≥3cm in the cotton fields. The relative soil moisture content of the topsoil layer 0-30cm is 40.8%. Before the last harrowing, 150g / mu of 50% wettable powder herbicide was used for soil sealing.

[0067] On April 5th, the cotton field was sown with a 76cm single-film, three-row planting operation using a multi-functional precision seeder equipped with drip irrigation tape laying and a Beidou satellite navigation system. During sowing, the selected seeder's nozzle was a standard non-biased design, with a nozzle length of 2.7cm and a sowing depth of 3.0cm. In the sandy cotton field of 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres), the tractor arm strength was increased by 5cm compared to conventional methods. The cotton field used inlaid drip irrigation tape with a pipe diameter of 16mm, a dripper spacing of 230mm, an operating pressure ≥0.1MPa, and an S-shaped derivative flow channel. The dripper flow rate was 2.2L / h. The drip irrigation tape was laid in a "one-row-one-tape" pattern, meaning the tape was laid on one side of the planting row, 7cm away from the row, with all drippers facing upwards. The length of a single drip irrigation tape was 70m, and the irrigation uniformity was ≥90%.

[0068] Immediately after sowing, drip irrigation should be carried out using well water with a mineralization of 2.2 g / L, with a drip rate of 15.0 m³. 3 At 1.0 kg / mu, water-soluble diammonium phosphate was applied via drip irrigation. The following day, the relative soil moisture content (0-30 cm) in the seed hole and surrounding drip irrigation area was measured at 63.6%. A second drip irrigation was conducted on April 9th, with a drip volume of 28 m³. 3 / mu, and apply 1.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate + 2.5 kg / mu of fully soluble humic acid via drip irrigation. The first irrigation after cotton emergence was carried out on May 2nd, with a drip irrigation rate of 20 m³. 3 Apply 2.8 kg / mu of urea (equivalent to approximately 1.3 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 1.54 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (equivalent to 0.8 kg / mu of pure P2O5) with irrigation water. On May 16 (when the cotton is about to reach the three-leaf stage), cover the planting rows with soil using specialized soil covering machinery.

[0069] Other management methods for cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for drip irrigation high-yield cotton fields in the local area, where cotton is planted in 3 rows with a row spacing of 76cm and 1 film.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] In 2022, in the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences' New Technology Demonstration Area for Cotton Planting in Puhui Township, Korla City, Xinjiang, the cotton field area was 90 mu (approximately 6 hectares). The soil texture was heavy clay loam, with a groundwater level of 1.6m. Before tillage, the soil salinity in the 0-15cm topsoil layer was 0.8%. The cotton field was deep-plowed to a depth of 30cm on April 9th. After plowing, a conventional tillage machine equipped with a harrow assembly and a small-diameter roller (such as patent CN 207560673 U) or... Figure 2The conventional tillage machine, equipped with a harrow assembly (notched harrow assembly + disc harrow assembly), was used to harrow and level the cotton field. The leveled land met the standards of "evenness, looseness, cleanliness, flatness, and fragmentation," with a height difference of 9 cm per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) and a total height difference of 24 cm between individual plots. The relative soil moisture content of the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) was 49.8%. Before the final harrowing, there were no large clods of soil ≥3 cm in the cotton field. Soil sealing was performed using 150 mL / mu of 42% flupyradifurone suspension before the final tillage.

[0072] On April 9, the cotton field used a multi-functional precision cotton seeder with drip irrigation tape and Beidou satellite navigation system to carry out 76cm one-film three-row sowing operations. During sowing, the selected seeder's nozzle was a normal non-biased design, with a nozzle length of 2.8cm and a sowing depth of 2.5cm. For the 45 mu (approximately 2.3 hectares) cotton field, edge-slit labyrinth drip irrigation tape was used, with an emitter spacing of 300mm, a working pressure ≥0.1MPa, an S-shaped flow channel, and an emitter flow rate of 1.5L / h. For the other 45 mu (approximately 2.3 hectares) of cotton field, patch drip irrigation tape was used, with an emitter spacing of 300mm, a working pressure ≥0.1MPa, an S-shaped flow channel, and an emitter flow rate of 0.8L / h. Both types of drip irrigation tape had a pipe diameter of 16mm. The drip irrigation tape was laid in a "one row, one tape" pattern, meaning it was laid on one side of the planting row, 7cm away from the row. During laying, the emitters were all placed facing upwards. The length of a single drip irrigation tape was 80m, and the irrigation uniformity was ≥90%. Other field operations related to sowing and drip irrigation tape laying, such as covering with soil and pressing with film, laying ground branch pipes, and connecting capillary pipes, should be carried out in accordance with the surrounding conventional high-yield cotton fields. After sowing is completed, the quality of the covering with soil and pressing with film should be checked manually in a timely manner.

[0073] After sowing (April 10th), drip irrigation was carried out using well water with a mineralization of 1.3 g / L, with a drip rate of 10.0 m³. 3 At 2.0 kg / mu, water-soluble diammonium phosphate was applied via drip irrigation. The following day, the relative moisture content of the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm in the seed hole and surrounding drip irrigation area was measured to be 67%. A second drip irrigation was carried out on April 13th, with a drip rate of 18 m³. 3 / mu, and apply 1 kg / mu of urea phosphate and 1.5 kg / mu of fully soluble humic acid with drip irrigation. Due to heavy rain on April 28, the cotton field soil was severely compacted. On May 2 (cotton seedling stage, before the two-leaf stage), a cultivator with a soil-breaking wheel was used to cultivate and break up the soil. Then, a soil-sealing machine was used to remove soil from the cotton rows and cover the seed holes with soil. The first irrigation after emergence was carried out on May 10, with a drip irrigation volume of 20 m³. 3 Apply 3.0 kg / mu of urea (equivalent to approximately 1.4 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 1.92 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (equivalent to 1.0 kg / mu of pure P2O5) with irrigation water.

[0074] Other management methods for cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for drip irrigation high-yield cotton fields in the local area, where cotton is planted in 3 rows with a row spacing of 76cm and 1 film.

[0075] Example 6

[0076] In 2023, in Basimaili Village, Gulebag Township, Yuli County, Xinjiang, the cotton field area was 180 mu (approximately 12 hectares). The soil texture was sandy loam, the groundwater level was 1.80m, and the salt content of the 0-15cm topsoil layer before tillage was 0.4%. The cotton field was deep-plowed to a depth of 30cm on April 17th. After plowing, a diversion-type leveling frame design without any harrows was used. Figure 1 A combined tillage machine was used to harrow and level the cotton fields. The leveling frame rollers had a diameter of 600mm. The leveled land met the standards of "even, loose, clean, level, and broken," with a height difference of 11cm per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) and a total height difference of 23cm per plot. There were no large soil clods (≥3cm) in the cotton fields, and the relative moisture content of the topsoil layer (0-30cm) was 45.6%. Before the final tillage operation, 100mL / mu of 42% flupyradifurone suspension was used for soil sealing.

[0077] On April 18th, the cotton field was sown with a (63+13)cm single-film six-row system using a multi-functional precision cotton seeder equipped with drip irrigation tape laying and a Beidou satellite navigation system. During sowing, the seeder's nozzle was an offset pointed design with a length of 2.8cm and a sowing depth of 2.5cm. The cotton field used edge-slit labyrinth drip irrigation tape with a pipe diameter of 16mm, an emitter spacing of 275mm, a working pressure ≥0.1MPa, an S-shaped flow channel, and an emitter flow rate of 2.0L / h. The drip irrigation tape was laid using a "two-row, one-tape" method, with the tape placed between two narrow rows and the emitters facing upwards. Each drip irrigation tape was 100m long, and the irrigation uniformity was ≥90%. Other field operations related to sowing and drip irrigation tape laying, such as covering with soil and pressing with film, laying ground branch pipes, and connecting capillary pipes, should be carried out in accordance with the surrounding conventional high-yield cotton fields. After sowing is completed, the quality of the covering with soil and pressing with film should be checked manually in a timely manner.

[0078] Due to strong winds the day after sowing, the first drip irrigation was postponed to April 20th. Drip irrigation was carried out using snowmelt water with a mineralization of 0.6 g / L, with a drip volume of 12.0 m³. 3 1.0 kg / mu of water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied via drip irrigation. The following day, the relative soil moisture content (0-30 cm) in the seed hole and surrounding drip irrigation area was measured at 59.8%. A second drip irrigation was conducted on April 23rd, with a drip rate of 25 m³ / mu. 3 Apply 1 kg / mu of urea phosphate and 2.0 kg / mu of fully soluble humic acid via drip irrigation. The first irrigation after cotton emergence was carried out on May 12th, with a drip irrigation rate of 20 m³ / mu. 3 / mu, apply 2.8 kg / mu of urea (equivalent to approximately 1.3 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) and 1.54 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (equivalent to 0.8 kg / mu of pure P2O5) with drip irrigation. Due to unfavorable weather conditions from April 24th to May 5th, with frequent strong winds and rainfall, soil compaction occurred in the cotton field. After the weather cleared up, on May 8th (when the cotton plants had two leaves and one bud), a cultivator with a soil-breaking wheel was used to cultivate and break up the soil. Then, a soil-sealing machine was used to take soil from the cotton rows and cover the planting holes in the cotton rows with soil.

[0079] Other management methods for cotton fields were carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with wide and narrow rows, 1 film film, and 6 rows of drip irrigation in the local area.

[0080] Results: From May 1st to 22nd of the year the embodiments were implemented, the cotton seedling survival rate in each implementation site of the present invention was investigated. Simultaneously, cotton fields in the surrounding area that underwent conventional winter or spring irrigation were used as controls, and their seedling survival rates were also investigated. Five to eight sites were randomly selected for each embodiment and the surrounding controls. The results showed that the seedling survival rate of the method of the present invention was 81.2%–87.5%, with an average survival rate of 85.3%. Specifically, under conditions without rain damage, the average seedling survival rate was 86.8% (Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4). The seedling survival rate of this method was basically the same as that of the surrounding high-yield cotton fields using conventional seedling protection methods (86.98%). Under rain disaster scenarios, the seedling survival rate of this method (Examples 5 and 6) increased by up to 24.7 percentage points compared to the surrounding cotton fields using conventional seedling protection methods, as shown in Table 1. Therefore, it has a good effect on preventing rain disasters. Moreover, the cotton growth process in this method is 3-5 days earlier than that of cotton fields sown at the same time using conventional seedling protection methods. In addition, this method can significantly reduce irrigation quotas, saving up to 202m³ of water compared to conventional winter (spring) irrigation cotton fields. 3 / mu, and also saves about 100 yuan / mu of conventional pre-sowing irrigation (winter irrigation or spring irrigation) costs (mainly including stalk removal, irrigation labor costs, and water costs).

[0081] Table 1 Comparison of seedling survival rate (%) between the embodiments of the present invention and the control.

[0082]

[0083] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein, without departing from the spirit and substance defined by the claims of the present invention; and such modifications or substitutions are still within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for seedling protection and seedling strengthening in a continuous cropping cotton field with low soil moisture in a desert oasis, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: 1) seedbed building: in the desert oasis, groundwater level ≥1.0 m, before the soil preparation, 0-15 cm plough layer soil salt content ≤0.8% of cotton field, and have the matching drip irrigation facilities with cotton planting; In the current year, the plowing, harrowing and soil preparation are completed within 0-2 days of the suitable sowing period of cotton, and the relative water content of the 0-30 cm soil layer of the cotton field is ensured to be 35-50% from the completion of soil preparation to the sowing of cotton; Among them, when harrowing, for sandy soil and sandy heavy cotton fields, a combined land preparation machine designed with a split type soil preparation flat frame without any rake group is used, and the split type soil preparation flat frame comprises a soil preparation flat frame group (1), an inner eight-split type soil guide group (2), a soil scraping plate group (3), an outer eight-split type soil guide group (4) and a roller group (5); for sticky heavy or roller that cannot crush the large soil nodules with a maximum length of ≥3 cm, a conventional combined land preparation machine with a rake group or a soil crushing power-driven rake is still used; 2) sowing and drip irrigation tape laying: if there is no low temperature, rainfall abnormal weather process, and the temperature is suitable, the seedbed is built immediately after sowing; the selected sowing machine should be a multifunctional precision sowing machine with a drip irrigation tape laying and a Beidou satellite navigation system; the one-time edge joint labyrinth type or the inner inlaid patch type drip irrigation tape is selected, the pipe diameter of the two types of drip irrigation tapes is 16 mm, the drip head spacing is 200-300 mm, the working pressure is more than 0.1 MPa, the irrigation uniformity is more than 90%, the drip head is placed upward during the laying of the drip irrigation tape, and the flow channel is selected to be a sawtooth type or an S type or a derivative thereof, wherein the parameters of the edge joint labyrinth type drip irrigation tape are that the drip head flow rate is 1.5-3.2 L / h, and the field single drip irrigation tape laying length is 50-100 m; the parameters of the inner inlaid patch type drip irrigation tape are that the drip head flow rate is 0.8-2.8 L / h, and the field single drip irrigation tape laying length is 70-130 m; Under the wide-narrow row planting mode, the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row in the sandy heavy cotton field, and the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row or on one side of the narrow row in the sticky general or sticky heavy cotton field; under the equal row spacing planting mode, the drip irrigation tape is laid on one side of the planting row; at any time, only one drip irrigation tape can be laid between the two planting rows of the cotton field; Among them, the wide-narrow row planting is under the premise that the sum of the wide row and the narrow row is 76 cm, the wide row is 63-66 cm, the corresponding narrow row is 10-13 cm, the cotton field uses the normal non-biased sharp beak type design for the sowing machine hole seeder duck bill, the duck bill length is 2.7-3.0 cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-3.0 cm; but when the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row, the narrow row spacing must be adjusted to 13 cm, and the sowing machine hole seeder duck bill is selected to be a biased sharp beak type design, the duck bill length is 2.7-3.0 cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-3.0 cm; 3) water dripping after sowing: the first time of water dripping is implemented within 24 hours after sowing, the dripping amount is 8-15 m 3 / acre, after 1 day of water dripping, the relative water content of the soil in the location of the seed hole and the surrounding drip irrigation infiltration area is stabilized at 58-73%, the second time of water dripping is implemented after 3-5 days, the dripping amount is 15-30 m 3 / acre, and surface water accumulation phenomenon is strictly prohibited each time of water dripping; the drip irrigation uses surface water or underground water with a mineralization degree of 0.5-2.2 g / L; When the cotton field is dripping, drip 1-2 kg / acre of monoammonium phosphate, 500-1000 g / acre of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 kg / acre of water-soluble diammonium phosphate, 1-2 kg / acre of urea phosphate, and 1.2-2.5 kg / acre of fully soluble humic acid, or use fully soluble soil conditioner instead of humic acid fertilizer; 4) Post-emergence field management: when the cotton is emerged to two-leaf one heart or three-leaf one heart, use special non-pressing seedling covering soil machinery to cover the planting row, and seal the seed hole; The first irrigation after the cotton is fully emerged, advance to the early or middle of May, and drip fully soluble pure N 1.2-1.5 kg / acre and pure P2O5 0.5-1.0 kg / acre with water.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1), when the winter precipitation is less than or equal to 15 mm in the cotton area, if the predicted factors such as heavy soil sandiness of the cotton field, low groundwater level, poor soil moisture, and actual production verified to cause the phenomenon of the seeder being stuck during sowing the next year, irrigation must be carried out before or after mechanical picking of the cotton in the previous year or before sowing the cotton in the current year. When using field drip irrigation facilities to drip water, the irrigation amount is 40-60 m 3 / acre, and when using conventional border irrigation to irrigate, the irrigation amount is 60-80 m 3 / acre. The specific irrigation time for drip irrigation before mechanical picking of the cotton in the previous year is determined according to whether the soil moisture affects the normal operation of mechanical picking. The irrigation before sowing the cotton in the current year is carried out by using conventional border irrigation 20 days before sowing.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1), the inner and outer eight-character split flow soil guide groups (2) and (4) should also increase the number of inner and outer eight-character split flow soil guide groups according to the width of the soil leveling frame, and the arrangement mode is staggered front and back; the diameter of the press roller group (5) is 400-600 mm.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1), after leveling, the difference in height of the seedbed per mu is not more than ±5 cm, and the difference in height of the whole piece of land is not more than ±12.5 cm, and the surface is sporadic or no soil lump with a maximum length of more than 3 cm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1), before the last pass of the harrow, chemical sealing weeding is carried out on the soil, and the selected herbicide is 33% dimethenamid emulsion 150-180 mL / acre, and 50% wettable powder prometryne 100-150 g / acre or 42% flupicolidone suspension 100-150 mL / acre are used for chemical sealing in cotton fields with serious pigweed damage.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 2), when the edge joint labyrinth type drip irrigation tape is selected, the heavier the soil sandiness, the larger the drip irrigation tape emitter flow rate and the smaller the emitter spacing. The drip irrigation tape emitter flow rate for clay or hard soil is 1.5-1.9 L / h, and the emitter spacing is 275-300 mm. The drip irrigation tape emitter flow rate for sandy loam soil is 2.0-2.7 L / h, and the emitter spacing is 230-275 mm. The drip irrigation tape emitter flow rate for sandy or gravel soil is 2.8-3.2 L / h, and the emitter spacing is 200-230 mm. When the patch type drip irrigation tape is selected, the drip irrigation tape emitter flow rate is also based on the principle that the heavier the soil sandiness, the larger the drip irrigation tape emitter flow rate and the smaller the emitter spacing.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 2), when the drip irrigation tape is placed on one side of the narrow row, the distance between the drip irrigation tape laying position and the nearest planting row is 6-8 cm.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 4), when the mechanical covering soil is sealed after emergence, the covering soil row is not pressed.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 4), if the soil salt content of 0-15 cm plough layer before the cotton field is prepared is more than 0.8%, the cotton field must be adjusted to at least 1 year of irrigation by 120-180 m 3 of water per mu before sowing to store soil moisture and press salt, and the seedling protection method of not using drip irrigation to increase soil moisture immediately after sowing is used.

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