A method for optimizing the operation of a run-of-river water diversion power station

Abstract

The present invention discloses an operation optimization method for a runoff water diversion power station, which solves the problem that the prior art cannot realize efficient control of the power station operation plan. According to the fixed cross-section and length of the water diversion project and the tailwater channel, the present invention can establish a flow time function from the water inlet to the forebay through the actual measurement method. Various operating parameters and actual performance characteristics of the unit are obtained through the actual measurement method. When the current flow curve is measured at the water inlet of the water diversion channel, the water flow at the current flow of the water intake can be determined to reach the forebay Δt according to the flow time function. Automatically record to obtain the flow curve of the forebay from the current time to Δt time. With the flow data within the future Δt time, scientific calculation and selection are made using the comprehensive method to obtain the optimal operation plan of the equipment in advance. Combined with the current time period and the operating status of the unit equipment, through intelligent advance pre-control, the power generation income and equipment service life of the hydropower station are maximized under the premise of ensuring safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydropower stations, and in particular relates to an operation optimization method for a runoff water diversion type power station. Background Art

[0002] With the development of hydropower, numerous small hydropower stations are distributed all over the country, providing valuable clean energy for the development of local economy. Among small hydropower, run-of-river power stations account for the largest proportion. After computer monitoring and efficiency-enhancing and capacity-enhancing transformation, the technical level and equipment safety performance of small hydropower have been improved. However, due to the loss of hydropower management talents, most small hydropower stations are accustomed to relying on the weather, starting when there is water and stopping when there is no water, without more optimized management. The economic benefits of small hydropower are not only related to the size of power generation, but also to the distribution of power in peak, flat and valley sections. Reasonable operation to reduce maintenance and operation costs and increase equipment service life are all factors to be considered in operation management. How to optimize the operation management plan, reasonably develop the potential of small hydropower, and maximize the operation benefits of small hydropower has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a runoff diversion power station operation optimization method to optimize the operation management plan, rationally develop the potential of small hydropower, and maximize the small hydropower operation benefits.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect of the present application, a method for optimizing the operation of a run-of-river hydropower station is provided, comprising:

[0006] Install several flow meters and water level meters at the water intake, forebay and tailwater to establish a measurement system;

[0007] Based on the measurement system, the current flow and water head are measured by the average method, and the diversion channel storage capacity and water level storage capacity curve and the tailwater channel flow-water level curve are measured by the fixed flow water filling method;

[0008] Based on the water level, flow rate and duration at each point, the differential method is used to calculate the amount of water flowing into and out of the aqueduct;

[0009] Calculate the trend and speed of the water level rise or fall in the diversion channel based on the flow difference and duration between the water inlet and the forebay;

[0010] Change the size of the water outflow from the forepool to maintain the optimal water level of the water diversion channel and the pressure forepool. According to the water inflow and change rate of the water diversion channel and the current water volume in the water diversion channel, calculate the water flow entering the forepool at the first future set time point to determine the optimal water outflow curve of the forepool from the current to the future set time point.

[0011] Further, after determining the optimal water outflow flow curve of the forebay from the current time to a future set time point, the method further includes:

[0012] According to the optimal outflow flow curve of the forebay and the tailwater channel flow-water level curve, the tailwater level curve from the current time to the second future set time point is calculated;

[0013] According to the tailwater level curve and the optimal water level of the forebay from the present time to the second future set time point, the power generation head curve from the present time to the second future set time point is determined.

[0014] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0015] Based on single-machine actual measurement, the flow rate, active power, noise, vibration, cavitation, efficiency and temperature of each unit at different water heads and openings are obtained, as well as the no-load flow rate, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload and allowable maximum opening of each unit;

[0016] Calculate and establish the head-flow-opening curve and head-flow-power curve for each unit;

[0017] Measure the water outflow and water level of the top cover during dual or multi-machine operation;

[0018] Determine the safe operating opening range and optimal operating range of each unit in various operating modes, and determine the optimal flow-power curve when the water level, vibration, noise, cavitation, temperature and top cover water level of the water diversion channel are all within the set thresholds.

[0019] Furthermore, after determining the optimal flow-power curve, the method further includes:

[0020] Based on the optimal flow curve, head curve, no-load flow and flow-power curve of each unit, the current time period, operating parameters of each unit, water intake and the latest start-up time of each unit, while avoiding vibration and cavitation areas, ensuring that the temperature does not exceed the limit, and the water level of the water diversion project and the top cover is not too high, after determining the optimal operation plan using a comprehensive method, with protection and manual control taking priority, automatic load adjustment or start-up and shutdown is achieved through intelligent control, so that the unit can automatically operate at the set high water level under good operating conditions, fully utilizing the capacity of the water retaining project and the water diversion project, generating more electricity within a safe and reasonable range and during the favorable price period, and maximizing power generation income and equipment service life.

[0021] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0022] Based on the information obtained by the actual measurement method, such as the unit's no-load flow, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload and maximum allowable opening, maximum allowable temperature, head-flow-opening curve, head-flow-power curve, top cover water flow-water level curve, water diversion project flow-time function, etc., some data are monitored during production operation. When the difference between the original measured data and the corresponding original measured data under the same conditions is large, an advance warning message is immediately issued to prompt the staff to check and review in time. If the equipment and facilities are abnormal, they should be repaired or handled in time to prevent accidents; if everything is normal, the original measured data is inaccurate, which should be corrected in time;

[0023] When the difference in data obtained from multiple components measured at the same point during operation is greater than the set threshold, single mutations or components that are not at the standard threshold are removed, and an alarm is issued to prompt the staff to check and review. During operation, the results of multi-point, multi-mode, and multi-loop measurements are comprehensively analyzed. If an abnormality occurs, an alarm is issued in time to prompt the staff to check and review in time. If there are defects or deformations in equipment and facilities, advance warnings will be issued before accidents or failures occur to avoid accidents.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1) Multi-element averaging method for measuring water level and flow: Measuring water level and flow at different locations by multi-element averaging method can improve the reliability of signal collection of measuring elements. At the same time, an automatic alarm function for over-limit faults in the data measured by each element is set. Once a measuring element is judged to be faulty, the measurement data of the element is automatically discarded, and the staff is promptly alerted for inspection and maintenance.

[0026] 2) The fixed flow water filling method is used to measure the diversion channel storage capacity and water level storage capacity curve; the tailwater channel flow-water level curve. The diversion channel and tailwater channel of each power station are different, so the water level storage capacity curve and tailwater channel flow-water level curve can be obtained more accurately, avoiding the problems of not only the difficulty of collecting data by theoretical calculation method, but also the influence of siltation on the actual flow section.

[0027] 3) Advance control operation plan: The existing operation mode is that the operation personnel decide whether to start or stop or adjust the load according to the current water level in the forebay. The present invention is based on the water diversion project and the fixed cross-section and length of the tailwater channel, and can establish a flow time function from the water inlet to the forebay through actual measurement. After measuring the current flow curve at the water inlet of the water diversion channel, the water flow at the current flow of the water intake can be determined to reach the forebay Δt based on the flow time function. Automatic recording can obtain the flow curve and head curve from the current time to Δt time later. With the flow and head data within the future Δt time, the operation plan of each unit can be pre-controlled in advance.

[0028] 4) Operating parameters by actual measurement method; obtain the operating parameters of each unit at different operating combinations, operating heads, and operating openings. Use various meters to record flow, active power, vibration, noise, temperature, top cover water flow, etc., analyze and calculate the no-load flow, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload, allowable maximum opening, etc. of each unit. Measure various operating parameters during actual operation, and automatically save and record, analyze and judge, statistically report, and alarm or handle faults through preset programs.

[0029] 5) Comprehensive method to determine the optimal power curve for full flow: Calculate and determine the flow-opening curve and flow-power curve of each unit at each water head. Comprehensively consider factors such as safe water level of the water diversion channel, active power, vibration, noise, cavitation, temperature, top cover water flow, downtime, etc. For flow rates from zero to maximum safe flow, several typical operation plans are determined, from which the optimal power curve for full flow (0-maximum safe available flow) and the start-up conditions of other operation plans are determined.

[0030] 6) Intelligent control: After determining the typical operation plan and optimal power curve of each power station, the present invention automatically measures through measuring elements, automatically calculates and selects through computers, and automatically controls through various automatic devices or actuators. In short, it can automatically start and stop or adjust the load according to the current flow rate of the water inlet of the water diversion channel, the current flow rate and water level of the forebay, the current time period, etc., to achieve safe, efficient and economical automatic operation of the unit, and no human intervention is required during the whole process. Only when the equipment fails or other abnormal conditions occur, the protection device or staff will take emergency measures, realizing a high degree of intelligence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0033] Figure 2 A flow chart of a run-of-river hydropower station operation optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] Figure 3 A flow chart for determining a power generation head curve according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 4 A flow chart for determining an optimal flow-power curve according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 5 A partial flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0037] Figure 6 A flow chart for realizing the advance warning and correction functions according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0039] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention provides an application scenario. Figure 1 As shown, in Figure 1 In the figure, a natural river channel and a water diversion channel correspondingly arranged on one side of the natural river channel are shown. The water diversion channel is connected to the natural river channel, and the connection point is the water inlet of the water diversion channel. The water inlet position is set corresponding to the overflow dam arranged on the natural river channel. The middle part of the water diversion channel is connected to the natural river channel through an overflow channel, so that when the water level in the water diversion channel exceeds the set water level, it can flow back to the natural river channel through the overflow channel to prevent the river water from overflowing from the water diversion channel. The tail of the water diversion channel is the tailwater channel. A central control room is set corresponding to the position of the water diversion channel. The central control room is usually used for office / rest of the staff, such as daily maintenance records. The central control room is usually equipped with a central control device, which is connected to the signal of the operating equipment of the power station, and the control of the power station operating equipment is realized through the central control device. The power station operating equipment to be regulated in this embodiment is mainly the unit. The central control equipment includes but is not limited to computers.

[0041] Based on Figure 1 In the application scenario shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0042] Step S1, install several flow meters and several water level meters at the water intake, forebay and tailwater respectively to establish a measurement system.

[0043] For example, in combination Figure 1 , the water intake is Figure 1 The middle water inlet and forebay can be Figure 1 The tailwater from the middle water inlet to the tailwater channel is Figure 1 The tailwater channel in the center. Several flow meters and water level meters are connected to the central control equipment set in the central control room to feed the flow and water level signals of the corresponding points collected to the central control equipment. After the central control equipment obtains the corresponding signal, it can be configured to implement the steps described in the following steps S2-S5 to obtain and display the corresponding flow curve. Based on the displayed flow curve, the staff can be assisted in regulating the operation of the power station. Of course, this embodiment also provides specific implementation cases for regulating the operation of the unit based on various curves.

[0044] Step S2, based on the measurement system, the current flow and water head are measured by the average method, and the storage capacity and water level storage capacity curve of the diversion channel and the flow-water level curve of the tailwater channel are measured by the fixed flow water filling method.

[0045] Step S3, using the differential method to calculate the amount of water flowing into and out of the water diversion channel according to the water level, flow rate and duration at each point.

[0046] Step S4, calculating the trend and speed of the water level rise or fall in the water diversion channel according to the flow difference and duration between the water inlet and the forebay.

[0047] Step S5, change the size of the water outflow flow rate of the forepool, maintain the optimal water level of the water diversion channel and the pressure forepool, calculate the water flow entering the forepool at the first future set time point according to the water inflow flow and change rate of the water diversion channel and the current water volume in the water diversion channel, and determine the optimal water outflow flow curve of the forepool from the current to the future set time point.

[0048] In some embodiments, after determining the optimal water flow rate curve of the forebay from the current to a future set time point, as Figure 3 As shown, the method also includes:

[0049] Step S6, calculating the tailwater level curve from the current time to a second future set time point according to the optimal outflow flow curve of the forebay and the tailwater channel flow-water level curve;

[0050] Step S7, determining the power generation head curve from the present time to the second future set time point according to the tailwater level curve and the optimal water level of the forebay from the present time to the second future set time point.

[0051] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the method also includes:

[0052] Step S8, based on the actual measurement of a single unit, obtain the flow rate, active power, noise, vibration, cavitation, efficiency and temperature of each unit when operating at different heads and openings, as well as the no-load flow rate, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload and allowable maximum opening of each unit;

[0053] Step S9, calculating and establishing a water head-flow-opening curve and a water head-flow-power curve for each unit;

[0054] Step S10, dual or multiple machines are operated to measure the water outflow rate and water level of the top cover;

[0055] Step S11, determine the safe operation opening range and optimal operation range of each unit in various operation modes, and determine the optimal flow-power curve when the water level, vibration, noise, cavitation, temperature and top cover water level of the water diversion channel are all within the set thresholds.

[0056] In some embodiments, after determining the optimal flow-power curve, Figure 5 As shown, the method also includes:

[0057] Step S12, based on the optimal flow curve, head curve, no-load flow and flow-power curve of each unit, the current time period, operating parameters of each unit, water intake and the latest start-up time of each unit, avoid vibration area and cavitation area, ensure that the temperature does not exceed the limit, the water level of the water diversion project and the top cover is not too high, etc., after determining the optimal operation plan by a comprehensive method, with protection and manual control as the priority, automatic load adjustment or start and stop is achieved through intelligent control, so that the unit can automatically operate at the set high water level under good operating conditions, make full use of the volume of the water retaining project and the water diversion project, generate more electricity within a safe and reasonable range and within the favorable price period, and maximize the power generation income and equipment service life.

[0058] In some embodiments, the run-of-river hydropower station operation optimization method further includes the steps of implementing advance warning and correction functions, such as Figure 6 As shown, the steps of the advance warning and correction function include:

[0059] Step S13, based on the unit no-load flow rate, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload and maximum allowable opening, maximum allowable temperature, head-flow-opening curve, head-flow-power curve, top cover water flow-water level curve, water diversion project flow-time function and other information obtained by the actual measurement method, some data are monitored during production operation. When the difference between the original measured data and the corresponding original measured data under the same conditions is large, an advance warning message is immediately issued to prompt the staff to check and review in time. If the equipment and facilities are abnormal, they should be repaired or handled in time to prevent accidents; if everything is normal, the original measured data is inaccurate, which should be corrected in time;

[0060] Step S14, when the difference in data obtained from multiple components measured at the same point during operation is greater than the set threshold, remove single mutations or components that are not at the standard threshold, and alert the staff to check and verify. During the operation, the results of multi-point, multi-mode, and multi-loop measurements are comprehensively analyzed. If an abnormality occurs, an alarm message is issued in time to prompt the staff to check and verify in time; if there are defects or deformations in equipment and facilities, advance warnings are issued before accidents or failures occur to avoid accidents.

[0061] In summary, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0062] 1. High security

[0063] Since the flow elements of the water intake, forebay, tailwater channel, etc. are monitored in real time, an alarm or adjustment will be issued immediately if an abnormality is found. Compared with the current reliance on staff to observe the water level every few minutes or ten minutes to judge whether it is safe, there has been a qualitative leap in the frequency of detection and judgment, as well as the accuracy and precision level of judgment. Therefore, various safety risks can be discovered more accurately and timely. At the same time, automatic control through automatic devices can greatly improve the speed of equipment action, speed up the speed of fault handling or alarm, and effectively prevent or limit the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0064] 2. High reliability

[0065] Whether it is the measuring element or the intermediate calculation and control element, multiple devices are used as backup for each other, and the equipment failure is automatically judged, and the staff will perform maintenance in time. There are multiple operation plans to choose from. Once a device fails, other operation plans will be automatically selected, which improves the reliability of the operation plan.

[0066] 3. Technological advancement

[0067] From front-end measurement to intermediate calculation, then to the selection and control of operation plans, to the final issuance of instructions to the execution elements, and the detection of execution results, all are completed automatically by the computer, without the need for manual operation, which greatly improves the level of modern technology. Various types of production and operation data can be regularly archived and counted, and operation reports can be provided automatically, timely and accurately.

[0068] 4. Maximize economic benefits

[0069] On the one hand, the conventional operation is decided by the operating personnel according to the water level of the forebay and their personal experience whether to start or stop or adjust the load, because it is a 24-hour rotation value mode that has continued for decades. 2-3 staff members are needed to monitor the operation at all times, and overtime maintenance, technical management, production height and other personnel are required. Each power station needs about 15-20 production personnel. However, this solution can not only save the operation monitoring personnel through automatic control, but also complete fault discovery and diagnosis, production scheduling, production statistics, meter reading records and other tasks. Only a small number of staff members need to be properly configured to complete emergency disposal and equipment maintenance. Therefore, a large amount of labor costs can be saved and economic benefits can be improved. On the other hand, since this solution can measure the water flow of the forebay in advance by Δt time, through scientific scheduling and precise control, it can make full use of water energy, maximize the generation of more power during the favorable price period, and increase economic benefits.

[0070] The above implementation modes are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station, characterized in that: The method comprises: Install several flow meters and water level gauges at the water inlet, diversion channel and tailrace to establish a measurement system; Based on the measurement system, the current flow and water head are measured by the average method, and the fixed flow rate is used to fill water to measure the storage capacity and water level storage capacity curve of the diversion channel and the flow-water level curve of the tailwater channel; Based on the water level, flow rate and duration at each point, the differential method is used to calculate the amount of water flowing into and out of the aqueduct; Calculate the trend and speed of the water level rise or fall in the diversion channel based on the flow difference and duration between the water inlet and the diversion channel; Change the size of the water outflow of the water diversion channel, maintain the optimal water level of the water diversion channel and the water inlet, calculate the first future set time point according to the water inlet flow and change rate of the water diversion channel and the current water volume in the water diversion channel, and enter the water diversion channel. Determine the optimal water outflow curve of the water diversion channel from the current to the future set time point.

2. The method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: After determining the optimal water outflow curve of the water diversion channel from the current time to a set time point in the future, the method further includes: According to the optimal outflow flow curve of the diversion channel and the flow-water level curve of the tailwater channel, the tailwater water level curve from the current time to the second future set time point is calculated; According to the tailwater level curve and the optimal water level of the diversion channel from the present time to the second future set time point, the power generation head curve from the present time to the second future set time point is determined.

3. The method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Based on single-machine actual measurement, the flow rate, active power, noise, vibration, cavitation, efficiency and temperature of each unit at different water heads and openings are obtained, as well as the no-load flow rate, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload and allowable maximum opening of each unit; Calculate and establish the head-flow-opening curve and head-flow-power curve for each unit; Measure the water outflow and water level of the top cover during dual or multi-machine operation; Determine the safe operating opening range and optimal operating range of each unit in various operating modes, and determine the optimal flow-power curve when the water level in the diversion channel, vibration, noise, cavitation, top cover water level, and equipment temperature are all within the set thresholds.

4. The method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station according to claim 3, characterized in that: After determining the optimal flow-power curve, the method further includes: Based on the optimal flow curve, head curve, no-load flow and flow-power curve of each unit, the current time period, operating parameters of each unit, water intake and the latest start-up time of each unit, avoid vibration and cavitation areas, ensure that the temperature does not exceed the limit, and the water level of the water diversion project and the top cover is not too high. After determining the optimal operation plan using a comprehensive method, with manual control taking priority, automatic load adjustment or start-up and shutdown is achieved through intelligent control, so that the unit can automatically operate at the set high water level under good operating conditions, make full use of the volume of the water retaining project and the water diversion project, generate more electricity within a safe and reasonable range and during the favorable price period, and maximize power generation income and equipment service life.

5. The method for optimizing the operation of a runoff water diversion power station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Based on the unit no-load flow, vibration area, cavitation area, optimal operating area, allowable overload and maximum allowable opening, maximum allowable temperature, head-flow-opening curve, head-flow-power curve, top cover water flow-water level curve, and water diversion project flow-time function obtained by the actual measurement method, the data is monitored during production operation. When the difference between the original measured data and the corresponding original measured data under the same conditions is large, an advance warning message is immediately issued to prompt the staff to check and review in time. If the equipment and facilities are abnormal, they should be repaired or handled in time to prevent accidents; if everything is normal, the original measured data is inaccurate, and it should be corrected in time; When the difference in data obtained from multiple components measured at the same point during operation is greater than the set threshold, single mutations or components that are not at the standard threshold are removed, and an alarm is issued to prompt the staff to check and review. During operation, the results of multi-point, multi-mode, and multi-loop measurements are comprehensively analyzed. If an abnormality occurs, an alarm is issued in time to prompt the staff to check and review in time. If there are defects or deformations in equipment and facilities, advance warnings will be issued before accidents or failures occur to avoid accidents.

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