Double-swirler and double-swirl atomizing multi-hole nozzle using the same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of engine combustion chambers, belongs to the key core technology of fuel injection atomization of an engine, and specifically relates to a double-swirler and a double-swirl atomization multi-hole nozzle adopting the double-swirler. The double-swirl atomization multi-hole nozzle solves the technical problem that the fluid atomization effect of the current swirl atomization nozzle is poor, which directly leads to insufficient fuel combustion, reduces the power of the engine, and shortens the voyage. The double-swirl atomization multi-hole nozzle comprises an internally-through nozzle front section and a nozzle rear section, the nozzle front section comprises a nozzle shell in a hollow cylindrical shape and a double-swirler fixedly arranged in the nozzle shell, the axial inlet of the double-swirler faces backward, and a swirl cavity is left between the front end of the double-swirler and the front end of the nozzle shell; the front end of the nozzle shell is provided with a plurality of injection holes which are arranged at equal intervals around the axis of the nozzle shell, the axial direction of each injection hole forms an acute angle alpha with the axis of the nozzle shell; and the tail end of the nozzle rear section is an inlet, and a one-way valve is arranged in the nozzle rear section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engine combustion chamber technology, and belongs to the key core technology of engine fuel injection atomization, specifically a dual swirler and a dual swirler atomizing multi-hole nozzle using the dual swirler. Background Technology

[0002] The nozzle is a key component of the engine combustion chamber, typically consisting of an inlet, an outlet, a narrow flow channel, and a nozzle head. The inlet and outlet primarily connect the fuel supply end to the combustion chamber, while the narrow flow channel compresses the fuel at high speed from the supply end, providing the energy for high-speed ejection. The nozzle head controls the direction and shape of the fuel injection, thus meeting the needs of various applications.

[0003] The working principle of a swirling atomizing nozzle: Fuel is supplied to the swirling structure of the nozzle through the supply end and is thrown outwards towards the periphery of the swirling structure under the action of centrifugal force and aerodynamic force. When the fuel flow rate is very small and the centrifugal force is greater than the surface tension of the fuel, a small number of large droplets thrown out from the edge of the swirling structure will directly undergo secondary splitting. As the flow rate and rotational speed increase, the fuel is drawn into a large number of filamentous jets. These filamentous jets are extremely unstable and, after leaving the swirling structure to a certain distance, separate into small droplets under the friction of the surrounding gas. As the flow rate and rotational speed continue to increase, the filaments connect to form a thin film. As the film continues to expand outwards, it separates and atomizes due to friction with the surrounding gas at a very high speed.

[0004] Existing swirl-type atomizing nozzles have poor fluid atomization effects, directly leading to incomplete fuel combustion, which reduces engine power and shortens range. Therefore, effectively improving the fluid atomization effect of engine combustion chamber nozzles and enhancing fuel combustion completeness is crucial for increasing engine power and extending range. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem of poor fluid atomization effect in current swirl-type atomizing nozzles, which directly leads to incomplete fuel combustion, resulting in reduced engine power and shortened range, this invention provides a dual swirler and a dual swirling atomizing multi-hole nozzle using the dual swirler.

[0006] The dual cyclone device of the present invention is implemented by the following technical solution: a dual cyclone device, the dual cyclone device is cylindrical in structure, a central hole is opened at one end of the cylinder along its axis as an axial inlet for the fluid medium, and two spiral channels are opened on the side of the cylinder, and the axial inlet and the two spiral channels are respectively connected through two radial inlets.

[0007] After the fuel enters the dual cyclone separator through the axial inlet, it generates high-speed rotating flow in the two spiral channels, which can effectively improve the atomization effect.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-section of the spiral flow channel is semi-circular; the central hole, serving as the axial inlet, has a depth d1 < 1 / 3 of the cylinder height; the cross-section of the spiral flow channel is a semi-circle with a diameter d2, and the radial inlet diameter is d3; d1, d2, and d3 should satisfy the following relationship: d1 2 =2d2 2 =d3 2 To meet the flow supply requirements and maximize the atomization effect.

[0009] Engine fuel atomization directly affects combustion performance; good fuel atomization and complete combustion are beneficial for improving power and extending range.

[0010] The dual-swirling atomizing multi-hole nozzle of the present invention is implemented by the following technical solution: A dual-swirling atomizing multi-hole nozzle includes a nozzle front section and a nozzle rear section that are internally connected. The nozzle front section includes a nozzle housing that is hollow cylindrical and open at the end, and a dual swirler fixed inside the nozzle housing. The axial inlet of the dual swirler faces rearward, and a swirling cavity is left between the front end of the dual swirler and the front end of the nozzle housing. The front end of the nozzle housing has a plurality of spray holes that are equally spaced around the axis of the nozzle housing, and the axis of each spray hole forms an acute angle α with the axis of the nozzle housing. The end of the nozzle rear section is an inlet, and a one-way valve is provided inside the nozzle rear section.

[0011] Engine fuel atomization directly affects combustion performance; good fuel atomization and complete combustion are beneficial for improving power and extending range. In this invention, when the fuel pressure is higher than the one-way valve's opening pressure, the one-way valve opens, and the high-pressure fluid flows through the rear section of the nozzle into the front section's dual cyclone separator. After passing through the axial inlet of the dual cyclone separator, it splits into two spiral channels, generating high-speed rotating flow within them. The fluid then enters the cyclone chamber at high speed and is atomized into small droplets. Subsequently, it is uniformly atomized at a certain cone angle through multiple evenly distributed nozzle holes at the front end of the nozzle housing, resulting in better fluid atomization and more uniform distribution, thereby significantly improving fuel combustion efficiency.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention creates a dual-swirling atomizing multi-hole nozzle. Under the combined action of "dual swirler + swirling chamber + multi-hole nozzle with cone angle", the fluid (fuel) atomization effect is better and the distribution is more uniform, which can significantly improve fuel combustion efficiency, increase engine power and extend range.

[0013] 2. This device can be adjusted in size and specifications to match the combustion chambers of various engine models, making it applicable to a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a dual-swirl atomizing multi-hole nozzle.

[0015] Figure 23D schematic diagram of a dual-swirl atomizing multi-hole nozzle.

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a double cyclone separator.

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view in the image.

[0018] Figure 5 Velocity flow field diagram of the "double cyclone separator + cyclone chamber + nozzle" section.

[0019] Figure 6 Vector diagram of velocity at the mid-section of the vortex cavity.

[0020] 1-Double cyclone separator, 2-Nozzle housing, 3-Swirl chamber, 4-Spray hole, 5-Boss, 6-Steel ring, 7-One-way valve, 8-Nozzle front section, 9-Nozzle rear section, 10-Axial inlet, 11-First spiral flow channel, 12-Second spiral flow channel, 13-First radial inlet, 14-Second radial inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Example 1: A dual vortex generator 1 has a cylindrical structure. A central hole is formed at one end of the cylinder along its axis, serving as an axial inlet 10 for the fluid medium. A first helical flow channel 11 and a second helical flow channel 12 are formed on the side of the cylinder. The axial inlet 10 and the two helical flow channels are connected via a first radial inlet 13 and a second radial inlet 14, respectively. The cross-section of the helical flow channels is semi-circular; the depth d1 of the central hole serving as the axial inlet is less than 1 / 3 of the cylinder height; the cross-section of the helical flow channels is a semi-circle with a diameter d2, and the radial inlet diameter is d3; d1, d2, and d3 should satisfy the following relationship: d1 2 =2d2 2 =d3 2 .

[0022] Example 2: A dual-swirling atomizing multi-hole nozzle includes a nozzle front section 8 and a nozzle rear section 9 that are internally connected. The nozzle front section 8 includes a nozzle housing 2 that is hollow cylindrical and open at the end, and a dual-swirling device 1 fixed inside the nozzle housing 2. The axial inlet 10 of the dual-swirling device 1 faces rearward, and a swirling cavity 3 is left between the front end of the dual-swirling device 1 and the front end of the nozzle housing 2. The front end of the nozzle housing 2 has a plurality of spray holes 4 that are equally spaced around the axis of the nozzle housing 2. The axial direction of each spray hole 4 forms an acute angle α with the axis of the nozzle housing 2. The end of the nozzle rear section 9 is the inlet, and a one-way valve 7 is provided inside the nozzle rear section 9. There are 2n spray holes 4, where n can be 2, 3, or 4, and the acute angle α formed by each spray hole 4 and the axis of the nozzle housing 2 satisfies 0°≤α≤60°.

[0023] Example 3: The inner wall of the nozzle housing 2 has a protrusion 5 at a certain distance from the front end of the nozzle housing 2. The front end of the double cyclone 1 abuts against the protrusion 5, and the end is positioned by a retaining ring 6 provided in the nozzle housing 2.

[0024] Example 4: The nozzle front section 8 further includes an enlarged diameter section connected to the end of the nozzle housing 2, and an extension section connected to the end port of the enlarged diameter section. The outer wall of the extension section has external threads. The nozzle rear section 9 is a through-cavity structure, with internal threads on its inner wall near its front end. The extension section of the nozzle front section 8 is threadedly connected to the nozzle rear section 9, and a sealing ring is fixed at the connection. The inner diameter of the front cavity of the nozzle rear section 9 is larger than its rear inner diameter, and the front and rear cavities are transitioned by a tapered section. The inner diameter of the front cavity of the nozzle rear section 9 is larger than the inner cavity of the nozzle front section 8.

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] 1. Structural Design: This invention designs a dual-swirling atomizing multi-hole nozzle, which consists of two sections: a front section and a rear section. The front section mainly comprises a nozzle housing, a dual-swirling element, a swirling chamber, and a retaining ring. The nozzle housing has 2n (n can be 2, 3, or 4) evenly distributed spray holes around its axis at the front end, each forming an acute angle α (0°≤α≤60°) with the axis. The rear section of the nozzle has a built-in one-way valve, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0027] The structure of the double cyclone is as follows Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figure 4, this structure is a cylindrical single-inlet, double-outlet, double-vortex structure. Specifically, a central hole (hole depth d1 < 1 / 3 of the cylinder height) is designed along the axis of a cylinder as the axial inlet for the fluid medium. Two spiral channels (the cross-section of the channels is a semicircle with a diameter d2) are designed on the side of the cylinder. The axial inlet and the two spiral channels are connected through two radial inlets (with a diameter d3). To ensure flow supply, d1, d2, and d3 should satisfy the following relationship: d1 2 =2d2 2 =d3 2 .

[0028] 2. Working principle: When the fuel pressure is higher than the opening pressure of the one-way valve, the one-way valve opens, and the high-pressure fluid flows through the rear section of the nozzle and enters the double cyclone in the front section. After passing through the axial inlet of the double cyclone, it splits into two paths and enters the first spiral flow channel and the second spiral flow channel. High-speed rotating flow is generated in the two spiral flow channels. Then, the high-speed rotating fluid enters the cyclone chamber and is atomized into small droplets. Subsequently, it is evenly sprayed and atomized at a certain cone angle through 2n nozzle holes evenly distributed around the axis at the front end of the nozzle housing, which makes the fluid atomization effect better and the distribution more uniform, thereby significantly improving the fuel combustion efficiency.

[0029] 3. Simulation verification of swirling effect: Figure 5 , 6 The figure shows a flow field simulation diagram of the design scheme of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the fluid flows through the double cyclone to generate a high-speed rotating airflow, and continues to rotate at high speed in the cyclone. Finally, it is uniformly sprayed into the gas medium at a certain cone angle through 2n nozzle holes evenly distributed around the axis at the front end of the nozzle housing.

[0030] 4. Detailed Implementation: The dual-swirl atomizing multi-hole nozzle designed in this invention consists of two sections, front and rear, connected by a threaded connection and sealed with an O-ring. External threads are designed on both ends of the interface side for threaded connection.

[0031] The dual cyclone generator designed in this invention is installed inside the nozzle front housing. During installation, the side with the axial inlet is facing outward (backward) and fixed by the inner (front) boss and the outer (rear) retaining ring.

[0032] Key technical points of this invention:

[0033] 1. Cylindrical single-inlet, double-outlet, double-cyclone hydrocyclone

[0034] A central hole is designed along the axis of a cylinder as the axial inlet for the fluid medium. Two spiral channels are designed on the side of the cylinder. The axial inlet and the two spiral channels are connected through two radial inlets. The high-pressure fluid flows through the rear section of the nozzle and enters the double vortex. After passing through the axial inlet of the double vortex, it splits into two paths and enters the first spiral channel and the second spiral channel, generating high-speed rotating flow in the two spiral channels.

[0035] 2. "Dual cyclone separator + cyclone chamber + multi-hole nozzle with cone angle"

[0036] The combined effect of "dual swirlers + swirling chambers + multi-hole nozzles with cone angles" results in better fuel atomization and more uniform distribution, which can significantly improve fuel combustion efficiency.

Claims

1. A dual-swirl atomizing multi-hole nozzle, comprising an internally penetrating nozzle front section and nozzle rear section, characterized in that, The nozzle front section includes a hollow cylindrical nozzle housing with an open end and a double vortex generator fixed inside the nozzle housing. The double vortex generator has a cylindrical structure with a central hole at one end along its axis, serving as the axial inlet for the fluid medium. Two helical channels are formed on the side of the cylinder, and the axial inlet is connected to the two helical channels via two radial inlets. The cross-section of the helical channels is semi-circular. The depth d1 of the central hole, serving as the axial inlet, is less than 1 / 3 of the cylinder height. The cross-section of the helical channels is a semi-circle with a diameter d2, and the radial inlet diameter is d3. d1, d2, and d3 should satisfy the following relationship: d1 2 =2d2 2 =d3 2 ; The axial inlet of the double cyclone separator faces rearward, and a swirling cavity is left between the front end of the double cyclone separator and the front end face of the nozzle housing; the front end of the nozzle housing has multiple nozzle holes arranged at equal intervals around the axis of the nozzle housing, and the axis of each nozzle hole forms an acute angle α with the axis of the nozzle housing; the end of the rear section of the nozzle is the inlet, and a one-way valve is installed inside the rear section of the nozzle. There are 2n nozzles, where n can be 2, 3, or 4; the acute angle α between each nozzle and the axis satisfies 0°≤α≤60°; The inner wall of the nozzle housing has a protrusion at a certain distance from the front end of the nozzle housing. The front end of the double cyclone separator abuts against the protrusion, and the end is positioned by a retaining ring provided inside the nozzle housing. The nozzle front section also includes an enlarged section with an enlarged outer diameter connected to the end of the nozzle housing and an extension section connected to the end port of the enlarged section. The outer wall of the extension section has external threads. The nozzle rear section is a cavity structure that runs through the front and rear. The inner wall near its front end has internal threads. The extension section of the nozzle front section and the nozzle rear section are threaded together, and a sealing ring is fixed at the connection. The inner diameter of the front cavity of the nozzle rear section is larger than its rear inner diameter, and the front and rear cavities are transitioned through a conical section; the inner diameter of the front cavity of the nozzle rear section is larger than the inner diameter of the cavity of the nozzle front section.

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