A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor and power generation system

Abstract

The application discloses a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor and a power generation system, which comprises a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a plurality of flow guide plates and a plurality of cell plates. The plurality of flow guide plates are arranged between the first cover plate and the second cover plate, and the plurality of cell plates are arranged between the first cover plate, the flow guide plates and the second cover plate. A plurality of non-communicating through holes are arranged on the first cover plate. A plurality of non-communicating openings are arranged on the flow guide plates. A plurality of first gas flow channels are arranged on the upper surface of the flow guide plates, the plurality of first gas flow channels are communicated with the plurality of openings and form a first gas path. A plurality of second gas flow channels are arranged on the lower surface of the flow guide plates, the plurality of second gas flow channels are communicated with the plurality of openings and form a second gas path, and the first gas path and the second gas path are not communicated with each other. The through holes on the first cover plate are communicated with the openings on the flow guide plates, and the openings between the plurality of flow guide plates are correspondingly communicated. The three-dimensional electrochemical reactor improves the uniformity of temperature distribution in the structure and the electric conduction effect of the cell plates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical technology, specifically to a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor and power generation system with a three-dimensional structure. Background Technology

[0002] High-temperature electrochemical reactors are characterized by extremely high reaction temperatures and uneven temperature distribution within the fuel cell stack due to the exothermic / endothermic nature of the electrochemical reaction. While the solar cells used in high-temperature electrochemical reactors are typically made of high-temperature resistant ceramic materials, the connectors are usually made of metal. Although this facilitates processing and conductivity, the mismatch in their thermal expansion coefficients easily generates thermal stress at areas of uneven temperature distribution, leading to cell cracking or seal failure and affecting electrochemical performance. Therefore, temperature management within the fuel cell stack is crucial for high-temperature electrochemical reactors. Currently, most temperature homogenization methods focus on externally homogenizing the temperature at the fuel cell inlet and outlet. This allows for heat recovery and increases the inlet temperature, reducing the temperature gradient along the cell path. However, few consider the internal temperature distribution within the fuel cell stack. Some methods only consider the temperature distribution along the first gas flow channel of the solar cells, neglecting the temperature distribution at the fuel cell inlet and outlet manifolds.

[0003] Chinese patent CN11952632B discloses a high-fuel-utilization-rate internally cascaded fixed oxide fuel cell stack. Fuel is supplied to the inner first-stage stack via a main fuel supply line; air is supplied to both the inner first-stage and inner second-stage stacks via an air inlet; exhaust gas from the inner first-stage stack enters the inner second-stage stack via a cascaded circulation loop; fuel is replenished to the inner second-stage stack via an auxiliary fuel supply line; and exhaust gas is discharged from the inner second-stage stack via an exhaust gas discharge line. This invention adds an intermediate inner first-stage stack, managing the fuel gas composition in the main fuel supply line to ensure partial reforming reactions occur in the inner first-stage stack, improving the uniformity of the internal temperature field, reducing the internal temperature of the stack, and lowering the parasitic power of the fan. The auxiliary fuel supply line also improves the controllability of the temperature and composition of the mixed fuel gas entering the inner second-stage stack. However, when the gas temperature is too high, the inlet temperature of this internally cascaded fixed oxide fuel cell stack is high, resulting in uneven temperature distribution across the entire stack structure. Furthermore, due to the need to control the internal temperature gradient, the gas heating rate and temperature are limited, affecting the improvement of start-up time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing electrochemical reactors, such as poor overall internal temperature uniformity due to heat generated by electrochemical reactions, thermal stress at uneven temperature distribution points affecting electrochemical performance, and limited start-up time in high-temperature gas environments, a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with high overall internal temperature uniformity, appropriate inlet temperature distribution, and rapid start-up in high-temperature environments is provided.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, comprising a first cover plate, a second cover plate, multiple guide plates, and multiple solar panels. The multiple guide plates are sequentially stacked between the first and second cover plates, and the multiple solar panels are respectively located between two adjacent guide plates, between the first cover plate and the guide plates, and between the guide plates and the second cover plate. The first cover plate is provided with at least two through holes that are separated from each other and are not interconnected, and the through holes on the first cover plate are used to introduce gas into the electrochemical reactor. The second cover plate is provided with at least two through holes that are separated from each other and are not interconnected, and the through holes on the second cover plate are used to discharge gas. The guide plates are provided with at least four openings that are separated from each other and are not interconnected. The guide plate has openings that penetrate its upper and lower surfaces. Multiple first gas channels are provided on the upper surface of the guide plate, each communicating with at least two of the openings but not with the remaining openings. These first gas channels and the communicating openings form a first gas path. Multiple second gas channels are provided on the lower surface of the guide plate, each communicating with at least two of the openings but not with the remaining openings. These second gas channels and the communicating openings form a second gas path. The first and second gas paths are not interconnected. The through holes on the first cover plate are connected to some of the openings on the guide plate, and the openings between adjacent guide plates are also connected. The through holes on the second cover plate are connected to the remaining openings on the guide plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the guide plate is provided with a first opening, a second opening, a third opening, and a fourth opening. The first opening and the third opening are arranged opposite to each other, and the second opening and the fourth opening are arranged opposite to each other. The first opening, the second opening, the third opening, and the fourth opening all penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate. The two ends of multiple first gas channels are respectively connected to the first opening and the third opening. The first opening, the third opening, and the multiple first gas channels connected to each other together form a first gas path. The two ends of multiple second gas channels are respectively connected to the second opening and the fourth opening. The second opening, the fourth opening, and the multiple second gas channels connected to each other together form a second gas path.

[0007] Furthermore, the total width of the first gas flow channels is less than or equal to the length of the connected first or third opening, and the total width of the plurality of second gas flow channels is less than or equal to the length of the second or fourth opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the depth of the first gas flow channel is less than the thickness of the guide plate; the depth of the second gas flow channel is less than the thickness of the guide plate; the extension direction of the first gas flow channel is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second gas flow channel, and the second gas flow channel and the first gas flow channel are not interconnected.

[0009] Furthermore, the guide plate is composed of a first guide member and a second guide member with corresponding shapes. The lower surface of the first guide member and the upper surface of the second guide member are arranged opposite to each other. The first guide member is provided with a first upper opening, a second upper opening, a third upper opening and a fourth upper opening, respectively. The upper surface of the first guide member is provided with a plurality of first gas channels, and the two ends of the plurality of first gas channels are respectively connected to the first upper opening and the second upper opening. The lower surface of the first guide member is provided with a first slot. The second guide member is provided with a first lower opening, a second lower opening, a third lower opening and a fourth lower opening, respectively. The lower surface of the second guide member is provided with a plurality of second gas channels, and the two ends of the plurality of second gas channels are respectively connected to the third lower opening and the fourth lower opening.

[0010] Furthermore, the first slot is filled with conductive material, and the upper surface of the second guide member is provided with a second slot corresponding to the shape of the first slot, the second slot being filled with conductive material.

[0011] Furthermore, the material in the first slot is a metal, non-metal, alloy, or phase change material, and the conductive material in the second slot is a metal, non-metal, alloy, or phase change material.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple heat-conducting devices are provided in the first, second, third, and fourth openings of the guide plate. These multiple heat-conducting devices are evenly distributed inside the first, second, third, and fourth openings. There are gaps between the heat-conducting devices located in the first, second, third, and fourth openings. The gaps between two adjacent heat-conducting devices are equal. The installation direction of the heat-conducting devices is perpendicular to the installation direction of the heat-conducting plates. The heat-conducting devices are arranged through the multiple heat-conducting plates.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat-conducting device has a hollow structure, the outer shell of the heat-conducting device is made of stainless steel, and the interior of the heat-conducting device is filled with heat-conducting material; the outer surface of the heat-conducting device and / or the first opening, the second opening, the third opening and the fourth opening are coated with an insulating coating.

[0014] This application also discloses a power generation system containing a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, further comprising an anode gas supply system, a cathode gas supply system, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first cooling device, and a second cooling device; the anode gas supply system is connected to one of the through holes of a first cover plate; the anode gas supply system is used to supply anode gas to the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor; the cathode gas supply system is connected to the other through hole of the first cover plate; an air supply system is used to supply air to the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor; the first heat exchanger is connected to the hydrogen supply system, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, and the first cooling device respectively; the first heat exchanger is capable of transferring heat from the gas discharged from the second cover plate to the hydrogen introduced into the first cover plate by the hydrogen supply system; the second heat exchanger is connected to the air supply system, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, and the second cooling device respectively; the second heat exchanger is capable of transferring heat from the gas discharged from the second cover plate to the air introduced into the first cover plate by the air supply system.

[0015] The present invention discloses a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, which comprises multiple heat-conducting plates arranged parallel between a first cover plate and a second cover plate. Multiple non-communicating first gas channels and multiple second gas channels are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of each heat-conducting plate. Openings penetrating the upper and lower surfaces are formed around the heat-conducting plates, allowing anolyte gas and cathode gas to flow along the multiple first and second gas channels respectively. This allows them to sequentially contact the solar panels between adjacent heat-conducting plates and undergo electrochemical reactions. This improves the temperature distribution uniformity and conductivity of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, enables rapid temperature transfer within the reactor, alleviates thermal stress caused by uneven temperature distribution, and enhances the reactor's stability and lifespan. It also improves the reactor's robustness, allowing it to withstand higher thermal gradients, facilitating rapid thermal cycling and hot-swappable operation. Furthermore, it enables rapid preheating and startup of the reactor using high-temperature gas introduction, and reduces the gas temperature requirements of the electrochemical reactor, thus broadening its application scope. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention;

[0018] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the assembly and disassembly of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide plate of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide plate of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention from another angle;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the flow guide plate of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of another type of flow guide plate for the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of another type of flow guide plate for the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cover plate of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second cover plate of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor described in this invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation system containing a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figures 1-9 As shown, the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor of the present invention includes a first cover plate 1, a second cover plate 2, a plurality of flow guide plates 3 and a plurality of battery plates 4. The plurality of flow guide plates 3 are stacked sequentially between the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2, and the plurality of battery plates 4 are correspondingly arranged between two adjacent flow guide plates 3, between the first cover plate 1 and the flow guide plate 3, and between the flow guide plate 3 and the second cover plate 2.

[0029] The first cover plate 1 is provided with at least two through holes 11 that are separate from each other and not connected. The through holes 11 on the first cover plate 1 are used to introduce gas into the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor. The second cover plate 2 is provided with at least two through holes 21 that are separate from each other and not connected. The through holes 21 on the second cover plate 2 are used to discharge gas from the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor.

[0030] The guide plate 3 is provided with at least four openings 31, which are separated from each other and are not connected to each other. The openings 31 penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate 3. The upper surface of the guide plate 3 is provided with a plurality of first gas channels 32, which are connected to at least two of the openings 31 and are not connected to the remaining openings 31. The plurality of first gas channels 32 and the connected openings 31 form a first gas path.

[0031] The lower surface of the guide plate 3 is provided with a plurality of second gas channels 33, the plurality of second gas channels 33 are connected to at least two of the openings 31, the plurality of second gas channels 33 are not connected to the remaining openings 31, the plurality of second gas channels 33 and the connected openings 31 form a second gas path, and the first gas path and the second gas path are not connected to each other.

[0032] The through hole 11 on the first cover plate 1 for introducing gas is connected to a portion of the openings 31 on the guide plate 3, and the openings 31 between two adjacent guide plates 3 are connected; the through hole 11 on the second cover plate 2 for discharging gas is connected to the remaining openings 31 on the guide plate 3.

[0033] like Figure 3As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the guide plate 3 is rectangular, and the material of the guide plate 3 is stainless steel, such as austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel (310S) or low-carbon austenitic stainless steel (316L). The guide plate 3 is provided with a first opening 311, a second opening 312, a third opening 313, and a fourth opening 314. The first opening 311, the second opening 312, the third opening 313, and the fourth opening 314 are all located near different edges of the guide plate 3. The first opening 311 and the third opening 313 are arranged opposite each other, and the second opening 312 and the fourth opening 314 are arranged opposite each other. The shapes of the second opening 312 and the fourth opening 314 correspond to each other; the orientations of the first opening 311, the third opening 313, the second opening 312, and the fourth opening 314 are parallel to the extending direction of the edge of the adjacent guide plate 3; specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the first opening 311, the second opening 312, the third opening 313, and the fourth opening 314 are all rectangular; the first opening 311, the second opening 312, the third opening 313, and the fourth opening 314 all penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate 3; wherein, the first opening 311 and the same end of the plurality of first gas flow channels 32 located on the upper surface of the guide plate 3 are connected. The third opening 313 is connected to the other end of the plurality of first gas channels 32. The first opening 311, the third opening 313, and the plurality of first gas channels 32 connected to each other together form a first gas path. Preferably, the plurality of first gas channels 32 are arranged parallel to each other, and the installation direction of the first gas channels 32 is parallel to the extension direction of the first opening 311 or the third opening 313. In order to prevent gas from the first opening 311 or the third opening 313 from entering the plurality of second gas channels 33 located below the guide plate 3 and affecting the flow of gas introduced from the second opening 312 or the fourth opening 314, specifically... The depth of the first gas flow channel 32 is less than the thickness of the guide plate 3. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the gas introduced from the first opening 311 or the third opening 313 can flow completely within the first gas path and reduce the impact of leakage during gas flow on power generation efficiency, preferably, the sum of the widths of the plurality of first gas flow channels 32 is less than or equal to the length of the connected first opening 311 or the third opening 313. This allows the gas introduced from the first opening 311 or the third opening 313 to completely enter the plurality of first gas flow channels 32 and be discharged through the relatively disposed third opening 313 or the first opening 311.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of second gas channels 33 are provided on the lower surface of the guide plate 3. Both ends of the plurality of second gas channels 33 are respectively connected to the second opening 312 and the fourth opening 314. The second opening 312, the fourth opening 314, and the plurality of connected second gas channels 33 together form a second gas path. Preferably, the plurality of second gas channels 33 are arranged parallel to each other, and the installation direction of the second gas channels 33 is parallel to the extension direction of the second opening 312 or the fourth opening 314. Similarly, to prevent gas from the second opening 312 or the fourth opening 314 from entering the plurality of first gas channels 32 located above the guide plate 3 and affecting the flow of gas introduced from the first opening 311 or the third opening 313, specifically, the second gas channels 3... The depth of the guide plate 3 is less than the thickness of the guide plate 3. In order to allow the gas introduced from the second opening 312 or the fourth opening 314 to flow completely in the second gas path, preferably, the sum of the widths of the plurality of second gas channels 33 is less than or equal to the length of the second opening 312 or the fourth opening 314. This allows the gas introduced from the second opening 312 or the fourth opening 314 to enter the plurality of second gas channels 33 completely and be discharged through the relatively arranged fourth opening 314 or the second opening 312. More specifically, the installation direction of the second gas channel 33 located below the guide plate 3 is perpendicular to the installation direction of the first gas channel 32 located on the upper surface of the guide plate 3, and the second gas channel 33 and the first gas channel 32 are not interconnected.

[0035] like Figures 5-7As shown, in order to better improve the heat transfer efficiency of the guide plate 3 and the power generation efficiency of the battery panel 4 when gas flows through the battery panel 4; preferably, the guide plate 3 is composed of a first guide member 301 and a second guide member 302 with corresponding shapes. The lower surface of the first guide member 301 and the upper surface of the second guide member 302 are arranged opposite to each other. The first guide member 301 and the second guide member 302 are aligned and fitted together. The first guide member 301 is provided with a first upper opening 3111, a second upper opening 3121, a third upper opening 3131 and a fourth upper opening 3141 respectively. The upper surface of the first guide member 301 is provided with a plurality of first gas channels 32. The plurality of first gas channels 32 are arranged parallel to each other. The two ends of the plurality of first gas channels 32 are respectively connected to the first upper opening 3111 and the second upper opening 3121. The lower surface of the first guide member 301 is provided with a first slot 35. 5. The battery is filled with a conductive material, which is a metal, non-metal, alloy, or phase change material with high thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity, such as silver, sodium, or potassium. This allows for rapid and uniform temperature distribution within the battery panel, conducting heat from high to low, and improving the power generation efficiency of the battery panel 4. The second flow guide 302 is provided with a first lower opening 3112, a second lower opening 3122, a third lower opening 3132, and a fourth lower opening 3142. The lower surface of the second flow guide 302 is provided with a plurality of second gas channels 33, which are arranged parallel to each other. The two ends of the plurality of second gas channels 33 are respectively connected to the third lower opening 3132 and the fourth lower opening 3142. More specifically, the first slot 35 is composed of a plurality of slot spaces 351, which are arranged symmetrically or parallel to each other, thereby enhancing the conductivity of the first flow guide 301 and the second flow guide 302.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, multiple guide plates 3 are stacked sequentially. The first openings 311 between two adjacent guide plates 3 are corresponding to and interconnected with each other. The second openings 312 between two adjacent guide plates 3 are corresponding to and interconnected with each other. The third openings 313 between two adjacent guide plates 3 are corresponding to and interconnected with each other. The fourth openings 314 between two adjacent guide plates 3 are corresponding to and interconnected with each other. A battery plate 4 is disposed between two adjacent guide plates 3. The installation direction of the battery plate 4 is parallel to the installation direction of the guide plates 3. The multiple first gas channels 32 on the upper surface of the guide plate 3 are opposite to the multiple second gas channels 33 on the lower surface of the adjacent guide plate 3. One surface of the battery plate 4 located between two adjacent guide plates 3 is opposite to the multiple first gas channels 33 on the upper surface of the guide plate 3. The other surface of the battery panel 4 located between two adjacent guide plates 3 is in contact with the multiple second gas channels 33 on the lower surface of the guide plate 3. When gas flows through the multiple first gas channels 32 or the multiple second gas channels 33, the gas in the first gas channels 32 or the second gas channels 33 can directly contact the surface of the corresponding battery panel 4 and undergo an electrochemical reaction. In order to improve the conductivity of the battery panel 4, preferably, the sum of the widths of the multiple first gas channels 32 on the guide plate 3 is greater than or equal to the width of the battery panel 4 located between two adjacent guide plates 3, and the length of the first gas channels 32 is greater than or equal to the length of the battery panel 4 located between two adjacent guide plates 3. This allows the gas introduced from the corresponding openings to fully contact the surface of the battery panel 4 of the two guide plates 3, thereby improving the power conduction effect of the battery panel 4.

[0037] Furthermore, to improve heat transfer between the multiple guide plates 3 and enhance the temperature distribution uniformity of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, preferably, multiple heat-conducting devices 5 are provided in both the first opening 311 and the third opening 313 of the guide plate 3. These multiple heat-conducting devices 5 are evenly distributed inside the first opening 311 and the third opening 313, with gaps between them, and the gaps between adjacent heat-conducting devices 5 are equal. The second opening 312 and the fourth opening 314 of the guide plate 3... Multiple heat-conducting devices 5 are provided in both the first and second openings 311 and 312, respectively. These devices are evenly distributed within the second opening 312 and the fourth opening 314, with equal gaps between adjacent devices 5. Specifically, the installation directions of the heat-conducting devices 5 are perpendicular to the installation direction of the heat-conducting plate 3, and parallel to each other. Multiple heat-conducting devices 5 simultaneously penetrate the first opening 311, second opening 312, and third opening 314 of the multiple guide plates 3 located between the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2. Three openings 313 and the fourth opening 314; wherein, the heat-conducting device 5 is a tubular hollow structure, the outer shell of the heat-conducting device 5 is made of stainless steel, and the interior of the heat-conducting device 5 is filled with a heat-conducting material, which is a phase change material, such as sodium potassium; when a gas with a high temperature is introduced into the multiple guide plates 3 through the openings, the heat of the gas can be transferred along the extension direction of the heat-conducting device 5 from high temperature to low temperature, and the heat is evenly distributed on the heat-conducting device 5 as the gas flows, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of temperature inside the stack; to avoid gas In case of a short circuit during the introduction process, preferably, the outer surface of the heat conduction device 5 and / or the first opening 311, the second opening 312, the third opening 313 and the fourth opening 314 are coated with an insulating coating, such as alumina, zirconium oxide, etc.; by setting multiple heat conduction devices, the temperature inside the guide plate 3 can be uniformly distributed. When heating, the high-temperature gas at the inlet is quickly transferred to the upper part, and during the reaction, the high-temperature gas at the upper part is conducted to the inlet, achieving uniform temperature in the vertical direction; at the same time, in conjunction with the multiple battery plates 4 and the conductive materials inside the guide plate 3, a three-dimensional uniform temperature effect is achieved for the entire three-dimensional electrochemical reactor.

[0038] exist Figure 8 and Figure 9In this configuration, the shape of the first cover plate 1 corresponds to the shape of the guide plate 3. Preferably, the first cover plate 1 is rectangular. The first cover plate 1 is provided with a first through hole 111, a second through hole 112, a third through hole 113, and a fourth through hole 114. These through holes are respectively located near the edge of the first cover plate 1. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the first through hole 111 is triangular; the cross-sectional shape of the second through hole 112 is triangular; and the... Both the first through hole 111 and the second through hole 112 are provided through the first cover plate 1; specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the third through hole 113 and the fourth through hole 114 is rectangular, and the depth of the third through hole 113 and the fourth through hole 114 is less than the thickness of the first cover plate 1; the shape of the second cover plate 2 corresponds to the shape of the guide plate 3, preferably, the shape of the second cover plate 2 is rectangular; the second cover plate 2 is provided with a fifth through hole 211, a sixth through hole 212, a seventh through hole 213 and an eighth through hole 214, wherein... The fifth through hole 211, the sixth through hole 212, the seventh through hole 213, and the eighth through hole 214 are respectively disposed near the edge of the second cover plate 2. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the fifth through hole 211 is triangular; the cross-sectional shape of the sixth through hole 212 is triangular, and both the fifth through hole 211 and the sixth through hole 212 are disposed through the second cover plate 2. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the seventh through hole 213 and the eighth through hole 214 is rectangular, and the depth of both the seventh through hole 213 and the eighth through hole 214 is less than the edge of the second cover plate 2. The thickness of the second cover plate 2; in order to reduce the weight of the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2 to facilitate the installation of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor; preferably, the first cover plate 1 is provided with a groove (not shown), the groove is not connected to the first through hole 111, the second through hole 112, the third through hole 113 and the fourth through hole 114; the second cover plate 2 is provided with a groove (not shown), the groove is not connected to the fifth through hole 211, the sixth through hole 212, the seventh through hole 213 and the eighth through hole 214.

[0039] The first through-hole 111 or the second through-hole 112 is used to introduce an anode gas, such as hydrogen, and a cathode gas, such as air or oxygen, respectively. When the anode gas enters the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor through the first through-hole 111, it flows along the structure of the first through-hole 111 into one of the guide plates 3 corresponding to the first cover plate 1. The anode gas then enters the first opening 311 on the guide plate 3 corresponding to the first through-hole 111. Since multiple guide plates 3 are overlapped, the anode gas flows along the first opening 311 on the guide plate 3 towards the adjacent next guide plate. The anode gas flows through the guide plates 3, and simultaneously, a portion of the anode gas also flows towards the second opening 312 through multiple first gas channels 32 connected to the first opening 311; subsequently, it flows into the second opening 312 on another corresponding guide plate 3; the anode gas flows towards the second cover plate 2 and sequentially passes through multiple guide plates 3 between the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2; during the flow, the anode gas flows on the first gas channels 32 on the corresponding guide plates 3 and contacts one of the surfaces of the battery panel 4; the cathode gas enters the second... In the third opening 313 on the guide plate 3 corresponding to the through hole 112, since the multiple guide plates 3 are arranged overlapping each other, the cathode gas flows along the third opening 313 on the guide plate 3 toward the next adjacent guide plate 3. At the same time, part of the cathode gas also flows toward the direction of the fourth opening 314 through the multiple second gas channels 33 connected to the third opening 313; then it flows into the fourth opening 314 on another guide plate 3 corresponding to the through hole 112; the cathode gas flows toward the direction of the second cover plate 2 and passes sequentially between the first cover plate 1 and the second cover plate 2. Multiple guide plates 3 are present; simultaneously, during the flow of cathode gas, it flows on the first gas flow channel 32 on the corresponding guide plate 3 and contacts the other surface of the battery plate 4; the two surfaces of the battery plate 4 are in contact with the cathode gas and the anode gas at the same time, and an electrochemical reaction occurs on the battery plate 4 to generate electrical energy; the anode gas after the reaction is discharged through the fifth through hole 211 on the second cover plate 2, which is connected to the first opening 311 on the guide plate 3, and the cathode gas after the reaction is discharged through the sixth through hole 212 on the second cover plate 2, which is connected to the third opening 313 on the guide plate 3.

[0040] Since heat-conducting devices 5 are provided in the first opening 311, the second opening 312, the third opening 313, and the fourth opening 314 of the heat-conducting plate 3, when the anode gas or the cathode gas enters the first opening 311 or the third opening 313 of the heat-conducting plate 3, the heat of the anode gas or the cathode gas itself is transferred through the heat-conducting devices 5 along the installation direction of the heat-conducting devices 5 towards the direction closer to the second cover plate 2; thereby improving the heat transfer and heat distribution uniformity of the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, and indirectly improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel 4; more specifically, the anode gas is hydrogen, and the cathode gas is air or oxygen.

[0041] like Figure 10 As shown, this application also discloses a power generation system including the aforementioned three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, characterized in that it further includes an anode gas supply system A, a cathode gas supply system B, a first heat exchange device C, a second heat exchange device D, a first cooling device E, and a second cooling device F;

[0042] The anode gas supply system A is connected to one of the through holes of the first cover plate 1; the anode gas supply system A is used to supply anode gas to the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor;

[0043] The cathode gas supply system B is connected to another through hole of the first cover plate 1; the air supply system B is used to supply air to the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor.

[0044] The first heat exchange device C is connected to the hydrogen supply system A, the first cover plate 1, the second cover plate 2 and the first cooling device E respectively; the first heat exchange device C can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the second cover plate 2 to the hydrogen introduced into the first cover plate 1 by the hydrogen supply system A;

[0045] The second heat exchange device D is connected to the air supply system B, the first cover plate 1, the second cover plate 2 and the second cooling device F respectively; the second heat exchange device D can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the second cover plate 2 to the air introduced into the first cover plate 1 by the air supply system B.

[0046] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor, comprising a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a plurality of flow guide plates, and a plurality of solar panels, wherein the plurality of flow guide plates are sequentially stacked between the first cover plate and the second cover plate, and the plurality of solar panels are respectively located between two adjacent flow guide plates, between the first cover plate and the flow guide plates, and between the flow guide plates and the second cover plate; characterized in that: The first cover plate is provided with at least two through holes that are separate from each other and do not communicate with each other. The through holes on the first cover plate are used to introduce gas into the electrochemical reactor; the second cover plate is provided with at least two through holes that are separate from each other and do not communicate with each other. The through holes on the second cover plate are used to discharge gas. The guide plate is provided with a first opening, a second opening, a third opening, and a fourth opening. The first opening and the third opening are arranged opposite to each other, and the second opening and the fourth opening are also arranged opposite to each other. The first opening, the second opening, the third opening, and the fourth opening are separate from each other and do not communicate with each other. The first opening, the second opening, the third opening, and the fourth opening all penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate. The upper surface of the guide plate is provided with a plurality of first gas channels. The two ends of the plurality of first gas channels are respectively connected to the first opening and the third opening, but not connected to the second opening and the fourth opening. The first opening, the third opening, and the plurality of first gas channels connected to each other together form a first gas path. The lower surface of the guide plate is provided with a plurality of second gas channels. The two ends of the plurality of second gas channels are respectively connected to the second opening and the fourth opening, but not connected to the first opening and the third opening. The second opening, the fourth opening and the plurality of connected second gas channels together form a second gas path. The first gas path and the second gas path are not connected to each other. The sum of the widths of the plurality of first gas channels is less than or equal to the length of the connected first opening or the third opening, and the sum of the widths of the plurality of second gas channels is less than or equal to the length of the second opening or the fourth opening. The through holes on the first cover plate are connected to some of the openings on the guide plate, and the openings between two adjacent guide plates are connected; the through holes on the second cover plate are connected to the remaining openings on the guide plate.

2. The three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the first gas flow channel is less than the thickness of the guide plate; the depth of the second gas flow channel is less than the thickness of the guide plate; the extension direction of the first gas flow channel and the extension direction of the second gas flow channel are perpendicular to each other, and the second gas flow channel and the first gas flow channel are not interconnected.

3. The three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate is composed of a first guide member and a second guide member with corresponding shapes. The lower surface of the first guide member and the upper surface of the second guide member are arranged opposite to each other. The first guide member is provided with a first upper opening, a second upper opening, a third upper opening and a fourth upper opening. The upper surface of the first guide member is provided with a plurality of first gas flow channels. The two ends of the plurality of first gas flow channels are respectively connected to the first upper opening and the second upper opening. The lower surface of the first guide member is provided with a first groove. The second flow guide is provided with a first lower opening, a second lower opening, a third lower opening and a fourth lower opening respectively. The lower surface of the second flow guide is provided with a plurality of second gas flow channels, and the two ends of the plurality of second gas flow channels are respectively connected to the third lower opening and the fourth lower opening.

4. A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first slot is filled with conductive material, and the upper surface of the second guide member is provided with a second slot corresponding to the shape of the first slot, and the second slot is filled with conductive material.

5. A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material in the first slot is a metal, non-metal, alloy, or phase change material, and the conductive material in the second slot is a metal, non-metal, alloy, or phase change material.

6. A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple heat-conducting devices are provided in the first, second, third, and fourth openings of the guide plate. The multiple heat-conducting devices are evenly distributed inside the first, second, third, and fourth openings. There are gaps between the heat-conducting devices in the first, second, third, and fourth openings. The gaps between two adjacent heat-conducting devices are equal. The installation direction of the heat-conducting devices is perpendicular to the installation direction of the guide plate. The heat-conducting devices are disposed through the space between the multiple guide plates.

7. A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat-conducting device has a hollow structure, the outer shell of the heat-conducting device is made of stainless steel, and the interior of the heat-conducting device is filled with heat-conducting material; the outer surface of the heat-conducting device and / or the first opening, the second opening, the third opening and the fourth opening are coated with an insulating coating.

8. A power generation system comprising a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes an anode gas supply system, a cathode gas supply system, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first cooling device, and a second cooling device; The anode gas supply system is connected to one of the through holes of the first cover plate; the anode gas supply system is used to supply anode gas to the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor; The cathode gas supply system is connected to another through hole in the first cover plate; the cathode gas supply system is used to supply air to the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor. The first heat exchange device is connected to the anode gas supply system, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, and the first cooling device respectively; the first heat exchange device can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the second cover plate to the anode gas introduced into the first cover plate by the anode gas supply system; The second heat exchange device is connected to the cathode gas supply system, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, and the second cooling device respectively; the second heat exchange device can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the second cover plate to the air introduced into the first cover plate by the cathode gas supply system.

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