A functional feed to improve the quality of cage-raised large yellow croaker

Abstract

This invention provides a functional feed for improving the quality of farmed large yellow croaker, belonging to the field of feed technology. The formula of the functional feed provided by this invention includes the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, Clostridium ethanol, cottonseed protein concentrate, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken syrup, tapioca flour, wheat flour, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, compound vitamin supplement, compound amino acid supplement, kelp powder containing gum, ethoxyquin, antifungal agent, antioxidant TBHQ, microcrystalline cellulose, guanidinoacetic acid, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid, and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract. This invention, through the combination of different formulas and components, produces a synergistic effect in reducing drip loss and cooking loss in large yellow croaker muscle, further enhancing the role of functional feed in improving quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed technology, and in particular relates to a functional feed for improving the quality of cage-raised large yellow croaker. Background Technology

[0002] Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is widely favored for its golden appearance, tender flesh, and rich nutrition, earning it the reputation of "national fish of the sea" in my country. It is also currently the largest-scale farmed marine fish in the country. In 2022, China's farmed large yellow croaker production reached 257,700 tons, an increase of 136 million tons compared to 254,200 tons in 2019. Although my country's farmed large yellow croaker production is high, compared to wild-caught fish, farmed fish tend to be more plump, with poorer body color, looser flesh, and inferior flavor. This decline in quality leads to a decrease in its market value, which is another important factor hindering the healthy development of large yellow croaker farming in my country.

[0003] Fish quality is a complex concept, influenced by numerous factors. Internal factors include species, sex, and age; external factors include environmental factors (water temperature, salinity, and seasonal variations), rearing history (nutrient composition and feeding frequency), and methods of capture and slaughter. Therefore, fish quality is affected by a complex and interwoven network. Nutrition is a key factor influencing fish quality. Currently, research on the impact of feed on the quality of large yellow croaker raised in captive conditions is limited. Therefore, improving the quality of captive-raised large yellow croaker through feed management is a problem that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a functional feed that improves the quality of cage-raised large yellow croaker, thereby enhancing the quality of the large yellow croaker.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] First, this invention provides a functional feed for improving the quality of cage-raised large yellow croaker, the formula of which includes the following components:

[0007] Fish meal, chicken meal, Clostridium ethanol, cottonseed protein concentrate, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste, tapioca flour, wheat flour, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multivitamin supplement, multiamino acid supplement, kelp powder containing gum, ethoxyquinoline, antifungal agent, antioxidant TBHQ, microcrystalline cellulose, guanidinoacetic acid, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0008] Preferably, the functional feed formulation comprises the following components by weight:

[0009] 15-35 parts fish meal, 15 parts chicken meal, 1.62-18.07 parts ethanol-derived Clostridium ethanole protein, 4.15-23.10 parts cottonseed protein concentrate, 2-5 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken broth, 5 parts tapioca flour, 10 parts wheat flour, 1.8-4.5 parts fish oil, 1.2-2.1 parts soybean oil, 1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 0.5-0.7 parts vitamin premix, 0.5-0.7 parts mineral premix, 0.2 parts choline chloride, 1- 2.3 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.12 parts multivitamin supplement, 2-3.5 parts multiamino acid supplement, 1 part kelp powder containing gum, 0.05 parts ethoxyquinoline, 0.1 parts antifungal agent, 0.02 parts antioxidant TBHQ, 9.87-14.31 parts microcrystalline cellulose, 0.04-0.16 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 0.01-0.04 parts 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid, 0.02-0.08 parts Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0010] Preferably, each 1 kg of the vitamin premix contains: 600 mg of VC ester; 300 mg of VE; 150 mg of inositol; 80 mg of nicotinamide; 40 mg of calcium pantothenate; 20 mg of VA; 20 mg of VK3; 15 mg of VB2; 15 mg of VB6; 10 mg of VD3; 10 mg of VB1; 10 mg of folic acid; 8 mg of VB12; 2 mg of biotin; and 220 mg of wheat bran.

[0011] Preferably, each 1 kg of the mineral premix contains:

[0012] FeSO4·H2O 300mg; ZnSO4·H2O 200mg; NaCl 100mg; MnSO4·H2O 25mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30mg; CoCl2·6H2O 5mg; Na2SeO3 5mg; Potassium iodate 3mg; Zeolite powder 332mg.

[0013] Preferably, the multivitamin supplement consists of: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E.

[0014] Preferably, the composition of the compound amino acid supplement is as follows:

[0015] Taurine 1 part, hydroxyproline 0-0.4 parts, lysine 0.3-0.60 parts, methionine 0.3-0.45 parts, leucine 0-0.6 parts, threonine 0.1-0.2 parts, tryptophan 0.15 parts.

[0016] Preferably, the formulation comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0017] Fish meal 25 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 4.42 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 11.29 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 3 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 2.7 parts, soybean oil 1.8 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.6 parts, mineral premix 0.6 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8 parts, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 11.68 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.08 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.02 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.04 parts.

[0018] Secondly, this invention provides a functional feed for reducing drip loss and cooking loss in the muscle of large yellow croaker. The formula of the functional feed, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0019] Fish meal 25 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 4.42 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 11.29 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 3 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 2.7 parts, soybean oil 1.8 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.6 parts, mineral premix 0.6 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8 parts, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 11.68 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.08 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.02 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.04 parts.

[0020] Preferably, each 1 kg of the vitamin premix contains: 600 mg of VC ester; 300 mg of VE; 150 mg of inositol; 80 mg of nicotinamide; 40 mg of calcium pantothenate; 20 mg of VA; 20 mg of VK3; 15 mg of VB2; 15 mg of VB6; 10 mg of VD3; 10 mg of VB1; 10 mg of folic acid; 8 mg of VB12; 2 mg of biotin; and 220 mg of wheat bran.

[0021] Each 1 kg of the mineral premix contains:

[0022] FeSO4·H2O 300mg; ZnSO4·H2O 200mg; NaCl 100mg; MnSO4·H2O 25mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30mg; CoCl2·6H2O 5mg; Na2SeO3 5mg; Potassium iodate 3mg; Zeolite powder 332mg.

[0023] Preferably, the multivitamin supplement comprises: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E;

[0024] The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.4 parts hydroxyproline, 0.60 parts lysine, 0.3 parts methionine, 0.6 parts leucine, 0.2 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides a functional feed for improving the muscle texture of large yellow croaker. The formula of the functional feed, by weight parts, comprises the following components:

[0026] Fish meal 25 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 4.42 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 11.29 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 3 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 2.7 parts, soybean oil 1.8 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.6 parts, mineral premix 0.6 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8 parts, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 11.68 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.08 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.02 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.04 parts.

[0027] Preferably, each 1 kg of the vitamin premix contains: 600 mg of VC ester; 300 mg of VE; 150 mg of inositol; 80 mg of nicotinamide; 40 mg of calcium pantothenate; 20 mg of VA; 20 mg of VK3; 15 mg of VB2; 15 mg of VB6; 10 mg of VD3; 10 mg of VB1; 10 mg of folic acid; 8 mg of VB12; 2 mg of biotin; and 220 mg of wheat bran.

[0028] Each 1 kg of the mineral premix contains:

[0029] FeSO4·H2O 300mg; ZnSO4·H2O 200mg; NaCl 100mg; MnSO4·H2O 25mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30mg; CoCl2·6H2O 5mg; Na2SeO3 5mg; Potassium iodate 3mg; Zeolite powder 332mg.

[0030] Preferably, the multivitamin supplement comprises: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E;

[0031] The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.4 parts hydroxyproline, 0.60 parts lysine, 0.3 parts methionine, 0.6 parts leucine, 0.2 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. This invention provides a functional feed to improve the quality of cage-raised large yellow croaker. Compared with ordinary commercial feed, the functional feed provided by this invention can increase the weight gain rate by 30-40%.

[0034] 2. The functional feed provided by this invention can significantly improve the muscle texture of large yellow croaker, including increasing indicators such as hardness, elasticity, shear force, adhesiveness, and chewability.

[0035] 3. The combination of different formulas and components can produce a synergistic effect, which can significantly reduce the dripping and cooking losses of large yellow croaker muscle, thereby improving the water holding capacity of large yellow croaker and increasing the economic benefits of large yellow croaker farming. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions in the claims of this invention will now be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Prepare the following formula for ordinary compound feed (Y1) for large yellow croaker:

[0039] (1) The ingredients of the formula include: 45 parts fish meal, 21 parts soybean meal, 5 parts cassava flour, 10 parts wheat flour, 2.9 parts fish oil, 2.1 parts soybean oil, 1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 0.5 parts vitamin premix, 0.5 parts mineral premix, 0.2 parts choline chloride, 1 part calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part kelp powder containing gum, 0.05 parts ethoxyquin, 0.1 parts antifungal agent, 0.02 parts antioxidant TBHQ, and 9.13 parts microcrystalline cellulose;

[0040] The vitamin premix (mg / kg) consists of: VC ester 600; VE 300; inositol 150; nicotinic acid amine 80; calcium pantothenate 40; VA 20; VK3 20; VB2 15; VB6 15; VD3 10; VB1 10; folic acid 10; VB12 8; biotin 2; wheat middlings 220;

[0041] The composition of the mineral premix (mg / kg) is as follows: FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; NaCl 100; MnSO4·H2O 25; CuSO4·5H2O 30; CoCl2·6H2O 5; Na2SeO3 5; potassium iodate 3; zeolite powder 332;

[0042] (2) The fish meal is crushed by a grinder, and the feed ingredients are mixed evenly in a step-by-step manner according to the quantitative ratio. Then, the mixture is put into a mixer and thoroughly mixed for 20 minutes.

[0043] (3) The mixed raw materials are put into an extruder for pelleting, the prepared feed is dried, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of the pellet feed using a vacuum oil sprayer to obtain ordinary compound feed for large yellow croaker (Y1).

[0044] (4) After spraying the feed with oil, put it into a feed bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator for later use.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Prepare the basic large yellow croaker functional feed (Y2) according to the following formula:

[0047] (1) The ingredients of the formula include: 35 parts fish meal, 15 parts chicken meal, 15.5 parts soybean meal, 5 parts tapioca flour, 10 parts wheat flour, 1.8 parts fish oil, 2.1 parts soybean oil, 1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 0.5 parts vitamin premix, 0.5 parts mineral premix, 0.2 parts choline chloride, 1 part calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part kelp powder containing gum, 0.05 parts ethoxyquin, 0.1 parts antifungal agent, 0.02 parts antioxidant TBHQ, and 10.73 parts microcrystalline cellulose;

[0048] The vitamin premix (mg / kg) consists of: VC ester 600; VE 300; inositol 150; nicotinic acid amine 80; calcium pantothenate 40; VA 20; VK3 20; VB2 15; VB6 15; VD3 10; VB1 10; folic acid 10; VB12 8; biotin 2; wheat middlings 220;

[0049] The composition of the mineral premix (mg / kg) is as follows: FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; NaCl 100; MnSO4·H2O 25; CuSO4·5H2O 30; CoCl2·6H2O 5; Na2SeO3 5; potassium iodate 3; zeolite powder 332;

[0050] (2) The fish meal is crushed by a grinder, and the feed ingredients are mixed evenly in a step-by-step manner according to the quantitative ratio. Then, the mixture is put into a mixer and thoroughly mixed for 20 minutes.

[0051] (3) The mixed raw materials are put into an extruder for pelleting, the prepared feed is dried, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of the pellet feed using a vacuum oil sprayer to obtain basic large yellow croaker functional feed (Y2).

[0052] (4) After spraying the feed with oil, put it into a feed bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator for later use.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Prepare the large yellow croaker functional feed (Y3) according to the following formula:

[0055] Fish meal 35 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 1.62 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 4.15 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 2 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 1.8 parts, soybean oil 2.1 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.5 parts, mineral premix 0.5 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 part, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 14.31 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.04 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.01 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.02 parts;

[0056] The vitamin premix (mg / kg) consists of: VC ester 600; VE 300; inositol 150; nicotinic acid amine 80; calcium pantothenate 40; VA 20; VK3 20; VB2 15; VB6 15; VD3 10; VB1 10; folic acid 10; VB12 8; biotin 2; wheat middlings 220;

[0057] The composition of the mineral premix (mg / kg) is as follows: FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; NaCl 100; MnSO4·H2O 25; CuSO4·5H2O 30; CoCl2·6H2O 5; Na2SeO3 5; potassium iodate 3; zeolite powder 332;

[0058] The multivitamin supplement consists of: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E.

[0059] The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.4 parts hydroxyproline, 0.60 parts lysine, 0.3 parts methionine, 0.6 parts leucine, 0.2 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

[0060] (2) The fish meal is crushed by a grinder, and the feed ingredients are mixed evenly in a step-by-step manner according to the quantitative ratio. Then, the mixture is put into a mixer and thoroughly mixed for 20 minutes.

[0061] (3) The mixed raw materials are put into an extruder for pelleting, the prepared feed is dried, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of the pellet feed using a vacuum oil sprayer to obtain large yellow croaker functional feed (Y3).

[0062] (4) After spraying the feed with oil, put it into a feed bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator for later use.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] Prepare the large yellow croaker functional feed (Y4) according to the following formula:

[0065] Fish meal 25 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 4.42 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 11.29 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 3 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 2.7 parts, soybean oil 1.8 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.6 parts, mineral premix 0.6 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8 parts, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 11.68 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.08 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.02 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.04 parts;

[0066] The vitamin premix (mg / kg) consists of: VC ester 600; VE 300; inositol 150; nicotinic acid amine 80; calcium pantothenate 40; VA 20; VK3 20; VB2 15; VB6 15; VD3 10; VB1 10; folic acid 10; VB12 8; biotin 2; wheat middlings 220;

[0067] The composition of the mineral premix (mg / kg) is as follows: FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; NaCl 100; MnSO4·H2O 25; CuSO4·5H2O 30; CoCl2·6H2O 5; Na2SeO3 5; potassium iodate 3; zeolite powder 332;

[0068] The multivitamin supplement consists of: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E.

[0069] The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.4 parts hydroxyproline, 0.60 parts lysine, 0.3 parts methionine, 0.6 parts leucine, 0.2 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

[0070] (2) The fish meal is crushed by a grinder, and the feed ingredients are mixed evenly in a step-by-step manner according to the quantitative ratio. Then, the mixture is put into a mixer and thoroughly mixed for 20 minutes.

[0071] (3) The mixed raw materials are put into an extruder for pelleting, the prepared feed is dried, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of the pellet feed using a vacuum oil sprayer to obtain large yellow croaker functional feed (Y4).

[0072] (4) After spraying the feed with oil, put it into a feed bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator for later use.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] Prepare the large yellow croaker functional feed (Y5) according to the following formula:

[0075] Fish meal 15 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 7.21 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 18.42 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 4 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 3.1 parts, soybean oil 1.7 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.7 parts, mineral premix 0.7 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3 parts, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 9.87 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.12 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.03 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.06 parts;

[0076] The vitamin premix (mg / kg) consists of: VC ester 600; VE 300; inositol 150; nicotinic acid amine 80; calcium pantothenate 40; VA 20; VK3 20; VB2 15; VB6 15; VD3 10; VB1 10; folic acid 10; VB12 8; biotin 2; wheat middlings 220;

[0077] The composition of the mineral premix (mg / kg) is as follows: FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; NaCl 100; MnSO4·H2O 25; CuSO4·5H2O 30; CoCl2·6H2O 5; Na2SeO3 5; potassium iodate 3; zeolite powder 332;

[0078] The multivitamin supplement consists of: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E.

[0079] The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.4 parts hydroxyproline, 0.60 parts lysine, 0.3 parts methionine, 0.6 parts leucine, 0.2 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

[0080] (2) The fish meal is crushed by a grinder, and the feed ingredients are mixed evenly in a step-by-step manner according to the quantitative ratio. Then, the mixture is put into a mixer and thoroughly mixed for 20 minutes.

[0081] (3) The mixed raw materials are put into an extruder for pelleting, the prepared feed is dried, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of the pellet feed using a vacuum oil sprayer to obtain large yellow croaker functional feed (Y5).

[0082] (4) After spraying the feed with oil, put it into a feed bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator for later use.

[0083] Example 6

[0084] Prepare the large yellow croaker functional feed (Y6) according to the following formula:

[0085] Chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 18.07 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 23.10 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 5 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 4.5 parts, soybean oil 1.2 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.5 parts, mineral premix 0.5 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3 parts, compound amino acid supplement 2 parts, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 12.21 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.16 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.04 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.08 parts;

[0086] The vitamin premix (mg / kg) consists of: VC ester 600; VE 300; inositol 150; nicotinic acid amine 80; calcium pantothenate 40; VA 20; VK3 20; VB2 15; VB6 15; VD3 10; VB1 10; folic acid 10; VB12 8; biotin 2; wheat middlings 220;

[0087] The composition of the mineral premix (mg / kg) is as follows: FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; NaCl 100; MnSO4·H2O 25; CuSO4·5H2O 30; CoCl2·6H2O 5; Na2SeO3 5; potassium iodate 3; zeolite powder 332;

[0088] The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.30 parts lysine, 0.45 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

[0089] (2) The fish meal is crushed by a grinder, and the feed ingredients are mixed evenly in a step-by-step manner according to the quantitative ratio. Then, the mixture is put into a mixer and thoroughly mixed for 20 minutes.

[0090] (3) The mixed raw materials are put into an extruder for pelleting, the prepared feed is dried, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of the pellet feed using a vacuum oil sprayer to obtain large yellow croaker functional feed (Y6).

[0091] (4) After spraying the feed with oil, put it into a feed bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator for later use.

[0092] Example 7

[0093] Large yellow croaker feeding experiment

[0094] (1) Aquaculture experiment:

[0095] This aquaculture experiment was conducted in the Guoxin No. 1 cabin rearing workshop. Before the formal aquaculture experiment began, the large yellow croakers were temporarily held in small, temporarily divided seawater floating cages (4×4×8) and fed extruded commercial feed to adapt to the environment and feed.

[0096] Two weeks later, after a 24-hour fast, robust and uniformly sized large yellow croakers (initial weight: 216.00±0.09g) were randomly assigned to 7 formal net cages (20×20×14), with 500,000 fish per cage. Y1-Y6 feed and commercial compound feed (SY) were assigned to one cage respectively. The fish were fed twice a day (5:00 and 17:00), and the number of dead fish and the amount of feed used were weighed and recorded.

[0097] During the aquaculture period, the water temperature should be 22.0-25.0℃, the salinity 26-28‰, and the dissolved oxygen greater than 8mg / L. The aquaculture cycle is 80 days.

[0098] (2) Sample collection, weighing, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio calculation

[0099] After the aquaculture experiment was completed, the large yellow croakers were sampled after being starved for 24 hours.

[0100] During sampling, the large yellow croaker was first anesthetized with eugenol, and then weighed and counted to determine the weight gain rate.

[0101] Weight gain rate (WGR, %) = (Final weight - Initial weight) / Initial weight × 100

[0102] Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = Feed intake / Weight gain;

[0103] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1 Initial weight, final weight, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio of large yellow croaker

[0105]

[0106] Data are represented as mean, with different letter labels indicating significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0107] The experimental results above show that, compared with the Y6 and SY treatment groups, the Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 treatment groups can significantly improve the weight gain rate of large yellow croaker (P < 0.05).

[0108] The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher in the SY treatment group compared to the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Except for the SY treatment group, there were no significant differences in FCR among the other treatment groups (P > 0.05).

[0109] The above results demonstrate that the functional feed for large yellow croaker provided by this invention can effectively improve the weight gain rate of large yellow croaker.

[0110] Example 8

[0111] Large yellow croaker quality testing

[0112] (1) Take a muscle sample of about 1.5×1.5×1.0cm above the lateral line on the left side of the fish for muscle texture determination;

[0113] (2) The texture analyzer (TMS-Touch, FTC, USA) was used in TPA mode for analysis. Data on muscle hardness, cohesion, adhesion, elasticity, chewiness, and adhesiveness were obtained.

[0114] The probe used was a spherical probe with a diameter of 8mm. The parameters to be detected were: compression speed set to 30mm / min, two cycles of uniform continuous compression, initial variable set to 60%, and initial force set to 0.1N.

[0115] (3) Replace the single-blade probe to measure the shear force. The speed during measurement and the return speed are both set to 100 mm / min, the initial force is set to 0.1 N, and the return distance is set to 45 mm.

[0116] (4) The pH value of the muscle was measured using a digital display pH meter. 1g of muscle was accurately weighed, 10mL of distilled water was added and homogenized thoroughly, and then the pH value was measured using a pH meter (PB-10, Sartorius, Germany).

[0117] (5) Water holding capacity is measured by drip loss and cooking loss;

[0118] Among them, drip loss: Take a 5.0×3.0×1.0cm muscle from the left back of the fish, weigh it and record it as W1, thread a line through the muscle, suspend the muscle in a plastic bag with small holes, ensuring that the muscle does not touch the plastic bag, suspend it at 2-4℃ for 48 hours, weigh it again and record it as W2, and calculate the drip loss.

[0119] Cooking loss: Weigh the same size muscle samples as described above, record the weight as W3, place them in a cooking bag, incubate in a 100℃ water bath for 15 minutes, remove the muscle samples, wipe off the surface moisture with absorbent paper, weigh them again, and record the weight as W4. Calculate the cooking loss. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0120] Drip loss (%) = 100 × (W1 - W2) / W1

[0121] Cooking loss (%) = 100 × (W3 - W4) / W3.

[0122] The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0123] Table 2. Muscle Texture of Large Yellow Croaker

[0124]

[0125] Data are represented as mean, with different letter labels indicating significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0126] Table 3 pH and water-holding capacity of large yellow croaker

[0127]

[0128] Data are represented as mean, with different letter labels indicating significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0129] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the SY group, the hardness, elasticity, shear force, adhesion, chewiness and adhesiveness of the Y1-Y5 treatment groups are significantly better than the SY group. Except for hardness, the other indicators of Y6 are also significantly better than the SY group.

[0130] It can be seen that, compared with other treatment groups, the hardness, elasticity, shear force, adhesion, chewing ability and adhesive properties of group Y4 are significantly better than those of other treatment groups.

[0131] As can be seen from Table 3, there was no significant difference in pH of the muscle of large yellow croaker among the treatment groups;

[0132] Compared to group SY, treatment groups Y1-Y6 showed significantly better drip loss and cooking loss. Among them, group Y4 showed the most significant effect compared to other treatment groups, far lower than other treatment groups, indicating that the combination of different components in the formula had a synergistic effect on drip loss and cooking loss.

Claims

1. A functional feed for reducing drip loss and cooking loss in the muscle of large yellow croaker, characterized in that, The functional feed formulation comprises the following components by weight: Fish meal 25 parts, chicken meal 15 parts, Clostridium ethanol protein 4.42 parts, cottonseed protein concentrate 11.29 parts, enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken paste 3 parts, tapioca flour 5 parts, wheat flour 10 parts, fish oil 2.7 parts, soybean oil 1.8 parts, soybean lecithin 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.6 parts, mineral premix 0.6 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8 parts, multivitamin supplement 0.12 parts, multiamino acid supplement 3.25 parts, kelp powder containing gum 1 part, ethoxyquinoline 0.05 parts, antifungal agent 0.1 parts, antioxidant TBHQ 0.02 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 11.68 parts, guanidinoacetic acid 0.08 parts, 5-aminoacetic acid propionic acid 0.02 parts, Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract 0.04 parts.

2. The functional feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each 1 kg of the vitamin premix contains: 600 mg VC ester; 300 mg VE; 150 mg inositol; 80 mg niacinamide; 40 mg calcium pantothenate; 20 mg VA; 20 mg VK3; 15 mg VB2; 15 mg VB6; 10 mg VD3; 10 mg VB1; 10 mg folic acid; 28 mg VB1; 2 mg biotin; and 220 mg wheat bran. Each 1kg of the mineral premix contains: FeSO4·H2O 300mg; ZnSO4·H2O 200mg; NaCl 100 mg; MnSO4·H2O 25 mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30mg; CoCl2·6H2O 5 mg; Na2SeO 35 mg; Potassium iodate 3 mg; Zeolite powder 332mg.

3. The functional feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multivitamin supplement consists of: 0.03 parts vitamin C phosphate and 0.09 parts vitamin E; The compound amino acid supplement consists of: 1 part taurine, 0.4 parts hydroxyproline, 0.60 parts lysine, 0.3 parts methionine, 0.6 parts leucine, 0.2 parts threonine, and 0.15 parts tryptophan.

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