A fish passage with suitable habitat and its construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a fish-passing channel with a suitable habitat and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the field of river aquatic organism protection. The fish-passing channel comprises a channel and a fish-passing structure. A first deep-water slow-flow area, a dredged river section and a second deep-water slow-flow area are sequentially arranged on the bottom wall of the channel. The dredged river section is formed by excavating the part above the dredging line of the dredged river section. A power generation tail water outlet is arranged on the side wall of the channel at the position of the first deep-water slow-flow area. The fish-passing structure is embedded in the dredged river bed, the upstream end of the fish-passing structure extends into the downstream surface of the first deep-water slow-flow area, and the downstream end extends into the upstream surface of the second deep-water slow-flow area. The fish-passing structure is provided with a plurality of channels, and a pore creating structure for creating fish resting pores and reducing water flow speed in the channels is arranged in the channels. The fish-passing structure is embedded in the dredged river bed, the water head of the hydraulic power generation is increased, the dredged river bed is repaired, and the resting, hiding and upstream channel for fish are created.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of river aquatic organism protection, and particularly relates to a fish passage with suitable habitat and a construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] During flood, fish groups inhabit in the slow flow area behind the obstacles such as riverbed stones, logs, aquatic plants and the like which are not washed away by flood, or choose the low flow speed channel of the river convex bank, depression, flood area, tributary and the like to avoid the main flow area.

[0003] In order to increase the water head of power generation and improve the power generation capacity, a common way is to dredge the riverbed of the river section below the tail water outlet of power generation and harden the bank slope, that is, to increase the riverbed slope by removing the surface sand, pebble, stone and rock layer and the like structure of the riverbed to speed up the water flow to reduce the tail water level of the power station and meet the flood control requirements of the power house. The river channel dredging makes the natural river channel with irregular stones and deep pools-shoals channelized.

[0004] On the other hand, the water power station realizes high flow power generation by reservoir storage to obtain the maximum power generation benefit, which makes the river continuously maintain the high flow discharge state for a period of time. In addition to the river channelization, the increase of riverbed slope and the decrease of riverbed roughness further increase the flow rate of the river. The high flow discharge of the water power station and the river channelization make the conditions suitable for fish upstream migration, habitat and hiding disappear, and also cause the fish to face the risk of being washed away by the water flow.

[0005] How to create a suitable habitat for fish in the channelized and high flow discharged river channel, and how to realize fish migration are the problems to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a fish passage with suitable habitat and a construction method thereof, which aims to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, on the one hand, the present application provides a fish passage with suitable habitat, which comprises a channel and a fish passage structure; from the upstream to the downstream direction, a first deep water slow flow area, a dredged river section and a second deep water slow flow area are sequentially arranged on the bottom wall of the channel; the dredged river section is formed by excavating the part above the dredging line to form a dredged riverbed; the tail water outlet of power generation is arranged on the side wall of the channel at the position of the first deep water slow flow area; the fish passage structure is embedded in the dredged riverbed, the upstream end of the fish passage structure extends into the downstream surface of the first deep water slow flow area, and the downstream end extends into the upstream surface of the second deep water slow flow area; the fish passage structure has a plurality of passages, and a pore creating structure for creating fish resting pores and reducing the water flow speed in the passage is arranged in the passage.

[0008] Preferably, the fish passing structure comprises a plurality of prefabricated components connected end to end; the passageway on the fish passing structure comprises a middle passageway and side passageways on both sides of the middle passageway; each prefabricated component is provided with a trapezoidal through hole and V-shaped grooves on both sides of the trapezoidal through hole; the V-shaped grooves are open at the top; after the plurality of prefabricated components are connected end to end, the trapezoidal through holes of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected to form the middle passageway, and the V-shaped grooves of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected to form the side passageways; the prefabricated component is provided with a partition plate between the trapezoidal through hole and the V-shaped grooves; a plurality of communication seams are provided on the partition plate for the target fish to swim back and forth between the trapezoidal through hole and the V-shaped grooves.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom of the trapezoidal through hole of the prefabricated component is provided with a bottom wall, and a rectangular hole is arranged in the bottom wall; a plurality of sand discharge seams are arranged on the bottom wall in the direction of water flow; the long direction of the sand discharge seam is perpendicular to the direction of water flow; the trapezoidal through hole is connected to the rectangular hole through the sand discharge seam; after the plurality of prefabricated components are connected end to end, the rectangular holes of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected to form a sand discharge passageway.

[0010] Preferably, the two sides of the prefabricated component are provided with inclined side walls; the side walls and the partition plate jointly form the V-shaped grooves; a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the inner surface of the side wall; after the plurality of prefabricated components are connected end to end, the arc-shaped grooves of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected to form a plurality of sand guide grooves.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the trapezoidal through hole of the prefabricated component is provided with a top wall, and the left and right sides of the top wall are connected to the top end of the partition plate; a plurality of communication holes are arranged on the top wall; a shielding shed is arranged at the corresponding position of the communication hole; the water-facing surface and the top surface of the shielding shed are closed, and the backwater surface is open.

[0012] Preferably, the prefabricated component close to the first deep water slow flow area is an upstream prefabricated component; the pore structure arranged in the V-shaped grooves on both sides of the upstream prefabricated component is a multi-layer structure along the direction of water flow, comprising a third vertical layer, a second vertical layer, and a first vertical layer; the first vertical layer is composed of block stones with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 cm and less than 50 cm; the second vertical layer is composed of gravels with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than 20 cm; and the third vertical layer is composed of pebbles with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 5 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the prefabricated component near the second deep-water slow-flow area is a downstream segment prefabricated component; the plurality of prefabricated components between the upstream segment prefabricated component and the downstream segment prefabricated component are intermediate segment prefabricated components; the pores provided in the side passage formed by the V-shaped grooves of the downstream segment prefabricated component and the plurality of intermediate segment prefabricated components are provided with a pore-creating structure, which is a multilayer structure in the height direction, sequentially comprising a first flat layer, a second flat layer, a third flat layer, and a fourth flat layer from bottom to top; the first flat layer is composed of block stones with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 cm and less than 50 cm; the second flat layer is composed of a plurality of structural bodies; the third flat layer is composed of block stones and gravel with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than 20 cm arranged above the block stones; the fourth flat layer is composed of pebbles with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 5 cm; filter cotton is further laid between the third flat layer and the fourth flat layer.

[0014] Preferably, the pore-creating structure inside the intermediate passage is composed of a plurality of structural bodies.

[0015] Preferably, the structural body comprises a prism and a plurality of support columns arranged on the outer surface of the prism; a through central through-hole is arranged in the center of the prism; a plurality of communication holes two are arranged on the hole wall of the central through-hole; the minimum net width of the central through-hole is greater than the hole diameter of the communication hole two, and the hole diameter of the communication hole two is greater than the body height of the target fish.

[0016] Preferably, the prefabricated component near the first deep-water slow-flow area is an upstream segment prefabricated component; the prefabricated component near the second deep-water slow-flow area is a downstream segment prefabricated component; a second stone blocking fence is arranged at the upstream end of the V-shaped groove of the upstream segment prefabricated component; a first stone blocking fence is arranged at the downstream end of the V-shaped groove of the downstream segment prefabricated component.

[0017] In another aspect, the present application further provides a construction method of a fish passage, which is suitable for the construction of the fish passage described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1, excavate a first deep-water slow-flow area at the outlet position of the tail water of the power generation, and excavate a second deep-water slow-flow area on the downstream side; a dredged river section is formed between the first deep-water slow-flow area and the second deep-water slow-flow area, and the part of the dredged river section above the dredging line is excavated to form a shallow rapid flow section, i.e., a dredged river bed;

[0019] S2, excavate the dredged river bed to form a recess for placing the fish passage structure;

[0020] S3, prefabricate the prefabricated components of the fish passage structure, and then sequentially hoist and place the prefabricated components into the recess formed by the dredged river bed in step S2 after placing the pore-creating structure on each prefabricated component; the plurality of prefabricated components are sequentially connected to form the fish passage structure;

[0021] S4, use large block stones to cap the downstream face of the first deep-water slow-flow area and the upstream face of the second deep-water slow-flow area.

[0022] S5: Fill the gap between the precast component and the groove with pebbles; cover the top of the fish structure with a mixture of pebbles and gravel until it is flush with the dredged riverbed.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, when the flow rate is low during the dry season or the discharge flow of the power generation tailwater outlet is reduced through reservoir flow regulation, the first deep-water slow-flow zone, the second deep-water slow-flow zone, and the dredged river section are excavated, and the resulting dredged riverbed has a slope greater than zero. The excavated material is screened, and the screened excavated stones are divided into sections according to the following: diameter ≥ 50cm, 20cm ≤ diameter < 50cm, 5cm ≤ diameter < 20cm, and 1cm ≤ diameter < 5cm, to obtain large stones, boulders, gravel, and pebbles. The large stones are used in step S4 to cover the downstream surface of the first deep-water slow-flow zone and the upstream surface of the second deep-water slow-flow zone. The boulders, gravel, and pebbles are used as materials for creating the pore structure in the V-shaped grooves on both sides of the precast components in step S3, and as filling and covering materials in step S5.

[0024] Preferably, in the prefabricated component prepared in step S3, the bottom wall, top wall, and two partition plates together form a trapezoidal structure, and inclined side walls are provided on both sides of the bottom wall; the side walls and partition plates together form a V-shaped groove; during prefabrication, a first lifting ring is provided on the top surface of the side wall; grooves are prefabricated at both ends of the prefabricated component, and the grooves are distributed on the outer wall surfaces of the top wall and the two partition plates; firstly, baffles are inserted into the grooves at both ends of the prefabricated component, and then a pore-forming structure is placed in the V-shaped groove; then the prefabricated component with the pore-forming structure and baffles is hoisted into the groove obtained by dredging the riverbed; after multiple prefabricated components are spliced ​​end to end to form a fish passage structure, the baffles are then lifted using the second lifting ring on the top of the baffles and pulled out.

[0025] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) In this invention, by embedding the fish passage structure into the dredged riverbed, the fish passage is ensured while the tailwater of the power generation flows rapidly downstream, thus not affecting the hydropower generation.

[0027] (2) In this invention, a porous structure is set in the channel of the fish passage structure, which can effectively reduce the water flow velocity in each channel of the fish passage structure, filter the river sediment, and create a suitable resting space for fish.

[0028] (3) The fish passage provided by the present invention has a complex and interconnected spatial structure, providing an effective habitat for fish to hide, spawn, escape and swim upstream.

[0029] (4) The fish passage structure in this invention has different flow channels inside, that is, the water flow patterns in the middle channel and the side channel are different; and the middle channel and the side channel are interconnected, and the middle channel and the side channel in the fish passage structure are interconnected with the water above the riverbed, providing a complex space for various fish species with different ecological habits to adapt to different environments. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 The diagram shows the longitudinal profile of the channel at different stages of excavation, where (a) is a longitudinal profile of the channel when the first deep-water slow-flow zone, the dredged section, and the second deep-water slow-flow zone are formed by excavation, (b) is a schematic diagram of the location of the dredging line, and (c) is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the fish passage structure when the dredged section above the dredging line is excavated to form the dredged riverbed.

[0032] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fish passage provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of a prefabricated component in a fish-passing structure;

[0034] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the prefabricated components for the downstream section;

[0035] Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the prefabricated components in the middle section;

[0036] Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the prefabricated components in the upstream section;

[0037] Figure 7 Cross section of prefabricated component Figure Three 3D diagram;

[0038] Figure 8 Longitudinal section of precast component Figure Three 3D diagram;

[0039] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the prefabricated components in the downstream section after filling the pores to create the structure;

[0040] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of the prefabricated components in the middle section after filling the pores to create the structure;

[0041] Figure 11 Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section view of the V-shaped groove of the prefabricated member for the upstream section after filling the pores and creating a structure;

[0042] Figure 12 Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the structure;

[0043] Figure 13 Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional view of the baffle structure;

[0044] Figure 14 Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the baffle installed after the prefabricated member

[0045] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 1, power generation tail water outlet; 21, dredged river section; 22, first deep water slow flow area; 23, second deep water slow flow area; 221, downstream face of the first deep water slow flow area; 231, upstream face of the second deep water slow flow area; 3, fish passing structure; 31, prefabricated member for the upstream section; 32, prefabricated member for the middle section; 33, prefabricated member for the downstream section; 341, side wall; 342, partition plate; 345, bottom wall; 346, top wall; 347, shelter shed; 348, first lifting ring; 349, first stone blocking fence; 3410, second stone blocking fence; 301, trapezoidal through hole; 302, V-shaped groove; 304, rectangular hole; 305, arc-shaped groove; 306, communication slit; 307, sand discharging slit; 308, groove; 309, communication hole one; 401, first horizontal layer; 402, second horizontal layer; 403, third horizontal layer; 404, fourth horizontal layer; 409, first vertical layer; 4010, second vertical layer; 4011, third vertical layer; 5, structure; 51, central through hole; 52, support column; 53, communication hole two; 6, baffle; 61, second lifting ring; R1, block stone; R2, gravel; R3, pebble.

[0046] In addition, arrows in the figure represent water flow direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0049] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second" and the like in the present application are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of ordinary skilled in the art, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, nor within the protection scope required by the present application.

[0050] In combination with the drawings, in one aspect, the present embodiment provides a fish passage, comprising a channel and a fish passage structure 3; from upstream to downstream direction, a first deep water slow flow area 22, a dredged river section 21 and a second deep water slow flow area 23 are arranged on the bottom wall of the channel in sequence; the dredged river section 21 is formed by excavating the part above the dredging line of the dredged river bed; the power generation tail water outlet 1 is arranged on the side wall of the channel at the position of the first deep water slow flow area 22; the fish passage structure 3 is embedded in the dredged river bed, the upstream end of the fish passage structure 3 extends into the downstream face 221 of the first deep water slow flow area, and the downstream end extends into the upstream face 231 of the second deep water slow flow area; the fish passage structure 3 has a plurality of passages on it, and a pore creating structure for creating fish resting pores and reducing water flow speed in the passage is arranged in the passage.

[0051] Specifically, the upstream end of the fish passage structure 3 is located within the water elevation range of the first deep water slow flow area 22 and is higher than the pond bottom river bed of the first deep water slow flow area 22, and the downstream end of the fish passage structure 3 is located within the water elevation range of the second deep water slow flow area 23 and is higher than the pond bottom river bed of the second deep water slow flow area 23. In order to avoid the two ends of the fish passage structure 3 being blocked by the silt deposited in the pond bottom.

[0052] In combination with Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the fish passage structure 3 comprises a plurality of prefabricated components spliced together end to end; the passages on the fish passage structure 3 include middle passages and side passages on both sides of the middle passages.

[0053] Specifically, in combination with Figure 3The cross-sectional schematic diagram of the prefabricated component is shown. Each prefabricated component has a trapezoidal through hole 301 and a V-shaped groove 302 on both sides of the trapezoidal through hole 301; the V-shaped groove 302 is in the shape of an open top; the trapezoidal through hole 301 has a bottom wall 345 at the bottom and a top wall 346 at the top; the two sides of the bottom wall 345 are provided with inclined side walls 341; the trapezoidal through hole 301 and the V-shaped groove 302 have a partition plate 342 therebetween, and the side wall 341 and the partition plate 342 together constitute the V-shaped groove 302; the lower ends of the two partition plates 342 are respectively connected to the two sides of the bottom wall 345 and the two sides of the top wall 346. After the multiple prefabricated components are spliced together, the trapezoidal through holes 301 of the multiple prefabricated components are connected to each other to form a middle channel, and the V-shaped grooves 302 of the multiple prefabricated components are connected to each other to form a side channel; a plurality of communication seams 306 are provided on the partition plate 342 for allowing target fish to swim back and forth between the trapezoidal through hole 301 and the V-shaped groove 302. The size of the communication seam 306 meets the free passage of the target fish.

[0054] Further, a rectangular hole 304 is provided in the bottom wall 345; a plurality of sand discharge seams 307 are provided on the bottom wall 345 in the direction of water flow; the long direction of the sand discharge seam 307 is perpendicular to the direction of water flow; the trapezoidal through hole 301 is connected to the rectangular hole 304 through the sand discharge seam 307; after the multiple prefabricated components are spliced together, the rectangular holes 304 of the multiple prefabricated components are connected to each other to form a sand discharge channel. Through this structure, when sediment enters the middle channel of the fish passing structure 3, it will fall into the sand discharge channel and be discharged under the action of water flow.

[0055] In combination Figures 3 to 6 As shown, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 305 are provided on the inner surface of the side wall 341; after the multiple prefabricated components are spliced together, the arc-shaped grooves 305 of the multiple prefabricated components are connected to each other to form a plurality of sand guide grooves. Through this structure, when sediment enters the side channel of the fish passing structure 3, it can enter the sand guide groove and be discharged under the action of water flow.

[0056] In combination Figures 4 to 9As shown, the top of the trapezoidal through hole 301 of the prefabricated component is provided with a top wall 346, the left and right sides of which are connected with the top end of the partition plate 342; a plurality of communication holes I 309 are arranged on the top wall 346; a shelter shed 347 is arranged at the position corresponding to the communication hole I 309; the water-facing surface and the top surface of the shelter shed 347 are closed, and the backwater surface is open. The purpose of arranging the communication hole I 309 is to make the middle channel of the fish passing structure 3 communicate with the water area above the riverbed, and to provide an effective channel for fish to shuttle in and out of the fish passing structure 3. The shelter shed 347 plays a certain shielding role, which can prevent fine sand, pebbles and gravel flowing to the dredged riverbed from falling into the middle channel through the communication hole I 309, and can also play the role of a flow resistance body to provide a slow flow area behind the flow resistance body, providing a resting place for fish that want to pass through the dredged riverbed above the fish passing channel structure. When the water flow velocity above the dredged riverbed is relatively fast or the turbidity is too high, fish can enter the fish passing structure 3 through the communication hole I 309.

[0057] In combination Figure 2 , Figure 11 As shown, the prefabricated component close to the first deep water slow flow area 22 is an upstream segment prefabricated component 31; the pore structure arranged in the V-shaped groove 302 on both sides of the upstream segment prefabricated component 31 is a multilayer structure along the water flow direction, including a third vertical layer 4011, a second vertical layer 4010, and a first vertical layer 409; specifically, the structure of each vertical layer is as follows:

[0058] The first vertical layer 409 is composed of block stones with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 cm and less than 50 cm;

[0059] The second vertical layer 4010 is composed of gravels with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than 20 cm;

[0060] The third vertical layer 4011 is composed of pebbles with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 5 cm.

[0061] The upstream segment prefabricated component 31 serves as the water inlet end of the fish passing structure 3, and the diameters of the filling materials of the first vertical layer 409, the second vertical layer 4010 and the third vertical layer 4011 gradually decrease. The third vertical layer 4011 plays a role of blocking fish and riverbed bed load, can reduce the flow velocity of the V-shaped groove 302 on both sides, and can also filter impurities and reduce water turbidity. When fish swim to the third vertical layer 4011, they can choose to enter the middle channel through the communication seam 306. It should be noted that the diameter of the filling material close to the communication seam 306 should be greater than the seam width.

[0062] In combination Figure 2 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the prefabricated member close to the second deep water slow flow area 23 is a downstream segment prefabricated member 33; the plurality of prefabricated members between the upstream segment prefabricated member 31 and the downstream segment prefabricated member 33 are intermediate segment prefabricated members 32; the porosity structure arranged in the side passage formed by the V-shaped groove 302 of the downstream segment prefabricated member 33 and the plurality of intermediate segment prefabricated members 32 is a multilayer structure in the height direction, sequentially comprising a first flat layer 401, a second flat layer 402, a third flat layer 403, and a fourth flat layer 404 from bottom to top; the structure of each flat layer is as follows:

[0063] The first flat layer 401 is composed of block stones with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 cm and less than 50 cm;

[0064] The second flat layer 402 is composed of a plurality of structure bodies 5;

[0065] The third flat layer 403 is composed of block stones and gravels with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than 20 cm arranged above the block stones;

[0066] The fourth flat layer 404 is composed of pebbles with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 5 cm;

[0067] Filtering cotton is also laid between the third flat layer 403 and the fourth flat layer 404, which plays a filtering role and prevents the top fine sand from falling to avoid the fish passage porosity being filled.

[0068] Further, in the V-shaped groove 302 of the intermediate segment prefabricated member 32, block stones are randomly placed in the porosity between the structure bodies 5 in the second flat layer 402.

[0069] The size of the porosity formed by the filling material between different layers is different, and the diameter of the filling material presents a trend from large to small from the bottom layer to the top layer, which can increase the stability of the filling material. At the same time, the filtering cotton can prevent the sand and gravel flowing from the upstream from falling into the filling material and blocking the holes, and can also prevent the upper layer of filling material from falling to the lower layer. In addition, the structure body 5 plays the role of a hollow skeleton and can provide stable space for fish of different sizes to swim upstream and rest.

[0070] In the fish passage structure 3, the porosity structure in the intermediate passage is composed of a plurality of structure bodies 5.

[0071] In combination with Figure 12As shown, the structure 5 includes a prism, and a plurality of support columns 52 arranged on the outer surface of the prism; a through-type central through-hole 51 is arranged at the center of the prism; a plurality of communication holes two 53 are arranged on the hole wall of the central through-hole 51; the minimum net width of the central through-hole 51 is greater than the hole diameter of the communication hole two 53, and the hole diameter of the communication hole two 53 is greater than the body height of the target fish. The support column 52 functions to support each other, so that a gap is formed between the two adjacent structures 5. Therefore, the adjacent structures 5 support each other and function as a framework, and the structure 5 is supported by the outwardly extending support column 52 and the internal central through-hole 51 to construct a fish activity space, which provides a stable and effective hole space for fish to pass through the high flow rate area. Fish can swim in the structure 5 through the central through-hole 51 and the communication hole two 53.

[0072] In combination Figure 4 And Figure 6 As shown, the second stone blocking fence 3410 is arranged at the upstream end of the V-shaped groove 302 of the upstream section prefabricated member 31; the first stone blocking fence 349 is arranged at the downstream end of the V-shaped groove 302 of the downstream section prefabricated member 33. The net spacing between the bars of the first stone blocking fence 349 is determined according to the size of the different layers of fillers, and the net spacing between the bars of the first stone blocking fence 349 is close to but not greater than the size of the filler close to the stone blocking fence, so as to ensure that the filler is blocked inside the stone blocking fence when the fish can pass through the first stone blocking fence 349; the net spacing between the bars of the second stone blocking fence 3410 is determined according to the size of the filler in the third vertical layer 4011, so as to ensure that the second stone blocking fence 3410 can block the filler in the third vertical layer 4011 from falling.

[0073] In combination with the drawings, in another aspect, the embodiment provides a construction method of a fish passage, which is suitable for the construction of the fish passage described above, and includes the following steps:

[0074] S1, excavate a first deep water slow flow area 22 at the position of the power generation tail water outlet 1, and excavate a second deep water slow flow area 23 on the downstream side; a dredged river section 21 is formed between the first deep water slow flow area 22 and the second deep water slow flow area 23, and the part of the dredged river section 21 above the dredging line is excavated to form a shallow rapid flow section, i.e. a dredged river bed;

[0075] S2, excavate the dredged river bed to form a groove for placing the fish passage structure 3;

[0076] S3, prefabricate the prefabricated members of the fish passage structure 3, and after placing the pore creating structure on each prefabricated member, sequentially hoist and place the prefabricated members into the groove excavated in the dredged river bed in step S2; after the plurality of prefabricated members are spliced end to end, the fish passage structure 3 is formed;

[0077] S4: Use large stones to cap the downstream face 221 of the first deep-water slow-flow area and the upstream face 231 of the second deep-water slow-flow area;

[0078] S5: Fill the gap between the prefabricated component and the groove with pebbles; cover the top of the fish passage structure 3 with a mixture of pebbles and gravel until it is flush with the dredged riverbed.

[0079] In step S2, after the dredged river section 21 is excavated to the designed slope, the dredged riverbed is further excavated by machinery to form a groove with a contour matching the outer contour of the prefabricated component of the fish passage structure 3, and the groove contour size is slightly larger than the outer contour size of the prefabricated component. In order to facilitate the placement of the prefabricated component of the fish passage structure 3.

[0080] Further, in the step S1, under the condition that the flow is low in the dry season or the discharge flow of the power generation tail water outlet is reduced by reservoir flow regulation, the first deep-water slow-flow area 22, the second deep-water slow-flow area 23 and the dredged river section 21 are excavated, and the formed dredged riverbed is a slope with a slope greater than zero; and the excavated material is screened, and the screened excavated stones are stacked according to the following zones: diameter ≥ 50 cm, 20 cm ≤ diameter < 50 cm, 5 cm ≤ diameter < 20 cm, 1 cm ≤ diameter < 5 cm, to obtain large stones, block stones, gravel and pebbles;

[0081] The large stones are used for capping the downstream face 221 of the first deep-water slow-flow area and the upstream face 231 of the second deep-water slow-flow area in step S4;

[0082] The block stones, gravel and pebbles are used as materials for the aperture structure in the V-shaped groove 302 on both sides of the prefabricated component in step S3; and as filling and covering materials in step S5.

[0083] In combination Figure 5 , Figure 13 , Figure 14As shown, the prefabricated component prepared in the step S3, the bottom wall 345, the top wall 346 and the two partition plates 342 in the prefabricated component jointly constitute a trapezoidal structure, and the bottom wall 345 is provided with two inclined side walls 341; the side wall 341 and the partition plate 342 jointly constitute a V-shaped groove 302; a first lifting ring 348 is arranged on the top surface of the side wall 341 during prefabrication; a recess 308 is prefabricated at each end of the prefabricated component, and the recess 308 is distributed on the outer wall surface of the top wall 346 and the two partition plates 342; first, the baffle 6 is inserted into the recess 308 at each end of the prefabricated component, and then the aperture creating structure is placed in the V-shaped groove 302; then the prefabricated component provided with the aperture creating structure and the baffle 6 is hoisted into the recess formed by dredging the riverbed; after the fish passing structure 3 is formed by splicing the plurality of prefabricated components end to end, the baffle 6 is hoisted by using the second lifting ring 61 at the top of the baffle 6, and the baffle 6 is pulled out. The baffle 6 is clamped into the recess 308 to form a material blocking structure, which facilitates the filling of the aperture creating structure; the density of the baffle 6 should be greater than the density of water, so as to ensure that the baffle 6 is stable in the vertical direction by gravity, and the baffle 6 is not constrained in the vertical direction and can be easily pulled out by the hoisting equipment.

[0084] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation, direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, or the like within the inventive concept of the present application and the content of the specification and drawings are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fish passage with suitable habitat, characterized in that, The channel and the fish passing structure (3) are included. From the upstream to the downstream direction, a first deep water slow flow area (22), a dredged river section (21), and a second deep water slow flow area (23) are sequentially arranged on the bottom wall of the channel; the dredged river section (21) is formed by excavating the part above the dredging line; the power generation tail water outlet (1) is arranged on the side wall of the channel at the position of the first deep water slow flow area (22); The fish passing structure (3) is embedded in the dredged river bed, and the upstream end of the fish passing structure (3) extends into the downstream face (221) of the first deep water slow flow area, and the downstream end extends into the upstream face (231) of the second deep water slow flow area; The fish passing structure (3) has a plurality of channels, and a pore creating structure for creating fish resting pores and reducing water flow speed in the channels is arranged in the channels. The fish passing structure (3) includes a plurality of prefabricated components spliced together; the channels on the fish passing structure (3) include a middle channel and side channels on both sides of the middle channel; each prefabricated component has a trapezoidal through hole (301) and a V-shaped groove (302) on both sides of the trapezoidal through hole (301); the V-shaped groove (302) is open at the top; after the plurality of prefabricated components are spliced together, the trapezoidal through holes (301) of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected together to form the middle channel, and the V-shaped grooves (302) of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected together to form the side channels; the trapezoidal through hole (301) and the V-shaped groove (302) on the prefabricated component have a partition plate (342) therebetween; a plurality of communication seams (306) are arranged on the partition plate (342) to allow target fish to swim back and forth between the trapezoidal through hole (301) and the V-shaped groove (302).

2. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The trapezoidal through hole (301) of the prefabricated component has a bottom wall (345), and a rectangular hole (304) is arranged in the bottom wall (345); A plurality of sand discharge seams (307) are arranged on the bottom wall (345) in the water flow direction; the long direction of the sand discharge seam (307) is perpendicular to the water flow direction; the trapezoidal through hole (301) is connected with the rectangular hole (304) through the sand discharge seam (307); after the plurality of prefabricated components are spliced together, the rectangular holes (304) of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected together to form a sand discharge channel.

3. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The two sides of the prefabricated component are provided with inclined side walls (341); the side walls (341) and the partition plate (342) together form the V-shaped groove (302); a plurality of arc-shaped grooves (305) are arranged on the inner surface of the side wall (341); after the plurality of prefabricated components are spliced together, the arc-shaped grooves (305) of the plurality of prefabricated components are connected together to form a plurality of sand guide grooves.

4. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The trapezoidal through hole (301) of the prefabricated component has a top wall (346), and the left and right sides of the top wall (346) are connected with the top end of the partition plate (342); a plurality of communication holes (309) are arranged on the top wall (346); a shielding shed (347) is arranged at the corresponding position of the communication hole (309); the water-facing surface and the top surface of the shielding shed (347) are closed, and the backwater surface is open.

5. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The prefabricated component close to the first deep water slow flow area (22) is an upstream prefabricated component (31). The holes arranged in the V-shaped groove (302) on both sides of the upstream prefabricated member (31) are arranged in a multi-layer structure along the water flow direction, including a third vertical layer (4011), a second vertical layer (4010), and a first vertical layer (409); The first vertical layer (409) is composed of blocks with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 cm and less than 50 cm; The second vertical layer (4010) is composed of gravel with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than 20 cm; The third vertical layer (4011) is composed of pebbles with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 5 cm.

6. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The prefabricated member close to the first deep water slow flow area (22) is the upstream prefabricated member (31); the prefabricated member close to the second deep water slow flow area (23) is the downstream prefabricated member (33); and the plurality of prefabricated members between the upstream prefabricated member (31) and the downstream prefabricated member (33) are the intermediate prefabricated members (32); The holes arranged in the side passage formed by the V-shaped groove (302) of the downstream prefabricated member (33) and the plurality of intermediate prefabricated members (32) are arranged in a multi-layer structure in the height direction, including a first horizontal layer (401), a second horizontal layer (402), a third horizontal layer (403), and a fourth horizontal layer (404) in turn from bottom to top; The first horizontal layer (401) is composed of blocks with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 cm and less than 50 cm; The second horizontal layer (402) is composed of a plurality of structure bodies (5); The third horizontal layer (403) is composed of blocks and gravel with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than 20 cm above the blocks; The fourth horizontal layer (404) is composed of pebbles with a diameter greater than or equal to 1 cm and less than 5 cm; Filter cotton is also laid between the third horizontal layer (403) and the fourth horizontal layer (404).

7. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The hole arrangement structure inside the intermediate passage is composed of a plurality of structure bodies (5).

8. A fish pass according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that: The structure body (5) includes a prism and a plurality of support columns (52) arranged on the outer surface of the prism; a through center through hole (51) is arranged at the center of the prism; a plurality of communication holes two (53) are arranged on the hole wall of the center through hole (51); the minimum net width of the center through hole (51) is greater than the hole diameter of the communication hole two (53), and the hole diameter of the communication hole two (53) is greater than the body height of the target fish.

9. The fishway of claim 1, wherein: The prefabricated member close to the first deep water slow flow area (22) is the upstream prefabricated member (31); the prefabricated member close to the second deep water slow flow area (23) is the downstream prefabricated member (33); A second stone blocking fence (3410) is arranged at the upstream end of the V-shaped groove (302) of the upstream prefabricated member (31); A first stone blocking fence (349) is arranged at the downstream end of the V-shaped groove (302) of the downstream prefabricated member (33).

10. A method of constructing a fish passage, suitable for the construction of a fish passage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1, excavate the first deep water slow flow area (22) at the position of the power generation tail water outlet (1), excavate the second deep water slow flow area (23) on the downstream side; form the dredged river section (21) between the first deep water slow flow area (22) and the second deep water slow flow area (23), and excavate the part of the dredged river section (21) above the dredging line to form a shallow rapid flow section, that is, a dredged river bed; S2, excavating the dredged riverbed to form a groove for placing the fish passage structure (3); S3, prefabricating the prefabricated components of the fish passage structure (3), and after placing the pore creation structure on each prefabricated component, hoisting and placing the prefabricated components into the groove formed by excavating the dredged riverbed in step S2; the prefabricated components are spliced together to form the fish passage structure (3); S4, using large stones to cap the downstream face (221) of the first deep water slow flow area and the upstream face (231) of the second deep water slow flow area; S5, filling the gap between the prefabricated component and the groove with pebbles; covering the top of the fish passage structure (3) with a mixture of pebbles and gravel until it is flush with the dredged riverbed.

11. The construction method of claim 10, wherein In the step S1, during the low flow period or when the discharge of the power plant tailwater outlet is reduced by reservoir flow regulation, the first deep water slow flow area (22), the second deep water slow flow area (23) and the dredged river section (21) are excavated, and the dredged riverbed formed is a slope with a slope greater than zero; the excavated material is screened, and the screened excavated stones are classified and stacked according to the following specifications: diameter ≥ 50 cm, 20 cm ≤ diameter < 50 cm, 5 cm ≤ diameter < 20 cm, 1 cm ≤ diameter < 5 cm, to obtain large stones, block stones, gravel and pebbles; The large stones are used to cap the downstream face (221) of the first deep water slow flow area and the upstream face (231) of the second deep water slow flow area in step S4; The block stones, gravel and pebbles are used as the material for the pore creation structure in the V-shaped groove (302) on both sides of the prefabricated component in step S3; And as the filling and covering material in step S5.

12. The construction method of claim 10, wherein, The prefabricated component prepared in the step S3, the bottom wall (345), the top wall (346) and the two partition plates (342) in the prefabricated component together form a trapezoidal structure, and the two sides of the bottom wall (345) are provided with inclined side walls (341); the side walls (341) and the partition plates (342) together form a V-shaped groove (302); a first lifting ring (348) is provided on the top surface of the side wall (341) during prefabrication; recesses (308) are prefabricated at both ends of the prefabricated component, and the recesses (308) are distributed on the outer wall surface of the top wall (346) and the two partition plates (342); the recesses (308) at both ends of the prefabricated component are inserted with a baffle (6) first, and then the pore creation structure is placed in the V-shaped groove (302); then the prefabricated component with the pore creation structure and the baffle (6) is hoisted into the groove formed by excavating the dredged riverbed; after the prefabricated components are spliced together to form the fish passage structure (3), the baffle (6) is removed by using the second lifting ring (61) on the top of the baffle (6).

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