A tilting plate horizontal machining center

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically disclosing a flip-type horizontal machining center. The positioning and clamping mechanism is fixed to the rear end of the base, the spindle system is fixed to the front end of the base, and the flipping and exchanging mechanism is fixed to the rear of the base. The worktable has a square structure. The support frame of the positioning and clamping mechanism is fixed to the rear end of the base, and a lower V-shaped positioning block is provided on the top surface of the lower crossbeam. An upper V-shaped positioning block, matching the lower V-shaped positioning block, is fixed on the bottom surface of the worktable. The base positioning block of the clamping unit and the linear clamping module are paired and arranged on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam and the inner sides of the two side columns. Clamping positioning blocks are fixed on the top surface and both sides of the worktable. One side of the clamping positioning block can abut against the base positioning block, and the other side can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod. The flipping and exchanging mechanism includes vertically arranged left and right trusses, horizontally arranged pallet stations I and II between the two trusses, and vertical and horizontal servo units. This invention features convenient operation, high efficiency and positioning accuracy, reliable clamping, and good rigidity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically to a flip-plate horizontal machining center that is easy to operate, has high processing efficiency and positioning accuracy, reliable clamping, and good rigidity. Background Technology

[0002] A horizontal machining center with a flip-tablet is a composite CNC machine tool that combines a horizontal five-axis machining center with a flip-tablet mechanism. Because it allows for workpiece clamping in a horizontal position and machining in a vertical position, it combines the advantages of vertical machine tools (easy clamping) and horizontal machine tools (easy chip removal). Therefore, it is widely used in large-scale metal processing fields such as aerospace, marine engineering, wind power, and automotive sheet metal molds.

[0003] Existing horizontal machining centers with flip-type worktables mostly use locating pins for positioning and hydraulic cylinder clamping. The locating pins are arranged perpendicularly to the locating surfaces, and the positioning mechanism is separate from the vertical clamping mechanism. This design is prone to gaps between the locating surfaces due to distance errors of the locating pins, resulting in false positioning and unstable clamping. Ultimately, this not only leads to insufficient clamping reliability and certain safety hazards, but also makes it difficult to guarantee precise positioning during the exchange of multiple worktables, making it difficult to effectively improve the workpiece processing quality.

[0004] Furthermore, existing table tilting mechanisms generally employ a rotating structure driven by hydraulic cylinders, screws, and nuts. The opening angle of the support arm is changed by the extension and compression of the hydraulic cylinder and the rotation of the screw and nut, thereby tilting the table and enabling the conversion between horizontal clamping and vertical machining. Because these tilting mechanisms can only perform vertical machining or horizontal clamping at a time, the machine tool needs to be idle during workpiece removal and clamping, resulting in low machining efficiency. Moreover, the machining head and bed can easily obstruct the rotation of the tilting mechanism and the removal and clamping of workpieces. Furthermore, since the tilting mechanism is supported only by a rotating shaft, the cutting force during vertical machining can easily cause vibration in the table and the workpiece, affecting the machining quality. Additionally, the overall mass and center of gravity of the same workpiece change continuously during machining, which is detrimental to the inertia ratio of the tilting drive motor, affecting the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and further reducing the machining accuracy of the workpiece. To address this, one approach involves adding a slide rail and its drive mechanism to the bottom of the aforementioned tilting mechanism. This allows the tilting mechanism to clamp and unload workpieces at a horizontal position away from the headstock. The drive mechanism then moves the rotated tilting mechanism along the slide rail to the vicinity of the headstock for machining, thus resolving the headstock and bed obstruction problem. However, other issues remain unresolved. Another approach involves installing a frame-shaped fixing bracket on one side of the headstock, with a rotating shaft at the bottom to rotate and fix the worktable and workpiece within the bracket. The fixing bracket then positions and secures the worktable for machining. This solves both the headstock and bed obstruction problem and the machining vibration caused by cutting forces. However, the fundamental problem of low machining efficiency remains unresolved. Some machine tools have a slide, a rotary double-table exchange device, and a Z-axis bed on one side. The rotary double-table exchange device rotates the two back-to-back worktables, allowing the exchange device to dock with the slide and move the worktables onto the slide. The slide then moves the worktables horizontally along the Z-axis bed to the machining position. This allows the rotary double-table to clamp the next workpiece while the current workpiece is being machined. The slide and Z-axis bed keep the workpiece clamping and unclamping away from the working surface to avoid obstruction. The fact that the worktable and workpiece are fixed on the slide during machining reduces machining vibration. However, since the slide needs to move along the Z-axis bed, the positioning accuracy is difficult to improve effectively, and the cutting force pointing in the direction of movement during machining can still easily cause vibration in the slide and the workpiece on it. In addition, the aforementioned flipping mechanism mostly uses hydraulic cylinders to achieve the conversion between horizontal and vertical postures, and then a set of horizontal moving mechanisms is used to achieve the flipping and exchange of the worktable. This type of mechanism is prone to deflection of the flipping mechanism and inaccurate positioning of the exchange due to the asynchrony of the hydraulic cylinders. Moreover, the two independent sets of worktable translation and table flipping mechanisms require more signal detection and interconnection control, thus resulting in a high failure rate.

[0005] Secondly, existing horizontal machining centers with tilting mechanisms often employ a structure where the spindle system is supported by the lower or side walls of the guide rails and slides, combined with rack and pinion or lead screw transmission. The large weight of the spindle system presses against the lower support formed by the slides and guide rails, or side support is achieved through the sliding contact between the slides and guide rails. Furthermore, the arrangement of the A / C milling head and feed mechanism results in a long overhang for both the A / C milling head and the spindle. Due to the high cutting force and high torque characteristics of horizontal machining centers with tilting mechanisms, and because the spindle system is only guided in one direction, the A / C milling head exhibits vibration during high-speed feeds and large cutting volumes. This affects the shape and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece, severely impacts tool life, and causes abnormal wear of the machining center. To address the aforementioned vibration issue during spindle system machining, one approach is to limit the spindle system to movement only in the XZ directions, allowing the worktable to move in the Y direction. This shortens the spindle system length and avoids the vibration problem caused by excessive spindle overhang. While the aforementioned solutions can largely resolve the vibration problem, the separation of the Y-axis feed from the XZ-axis feed of the spindle system leads to the superposition of positioning errors between the spindle system and the worktable during machining. This increases the difficulty of improving workpiece machining accuracy and the assembly and debugging of the machining center. To address this, some solutions place the spindle system inside the spindle box, using sliding guides and inserts located on the top, bottom, and even sides of the spindle system to achieve Y-axis movement. This multi-directional guiding and limiting of the spindle system improves overall rigidity and suppresses machining vibration. However, since the sliding guides or inserts are fixed within the spindle box channels, not only does the spindle system require precise alignment and hoisting during installation, making installation extremely difficult, but adjusting the fit clearance between the sliding guides and inserts requires multiple disassemblies and reassemblies of the spindle system and subsequent adjustments to meet requirements, making the adjustment of fit accuracy quite cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a flip-plate horizontal machining center that is easy to operate, has high processing efficiency and positioning accuracy, reliable clamping, and good rigidity.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: it includes a base, a worktable, a positioning and clamping mechanism, a flipping and exchanging mechanism, a spindle system, and a control system. The positioning and clamping mechanism is horizontally fixed at the rear end of the base, the spindle system is fixedly installed at the front end of the base, and the flipping and exchanging mechanism is fixedly installed at the rear of the base away from the spindle system. The worktable has a square structure, and the positioning and clamping mechanism, the flipping and exchanging mechanism, and the spindle system are electrically connected to the control system.

[0008] The positioning and clamping mechanism includes a support frame, a positioning unit, and a clamping unit. The support frame is horizontally and vertically fixed to the rear end of the base and has a square cavity in the middle. The positioning unit includes a lower V-shaped positioning block. At least two lower V-shaped positioning blocks are spaced apart on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity. Upper V-shaped positioning blocks that match the lower V-shaped positioning blocks on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity are fixedly spaced apart on the bottom surface of the worktable. The clamping unit includes a base positioning block and a linear clamping module. The base positioning block and the linear clamping module are paired and are at least located on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam of the cavity and the inner sides of the two side columns. The base positioning block is fixedly located at the rear end of the cavity. The linear clamping module is fixedly located at the front end of the cavity and is connected to a clamping rod that can move linearly. The top of the clamping rod is provided with an inclined surface I. The worktable is fixedly provided with clamping positioning blocks corresponding to the base positioning blocks on the cavity on at least the top surface and the two sides. One side of the clamping positioning block can abut against the base positioning block and the other side can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod.

[0009] The flipping and exchanging mechanism includes a symmetrically vertically arranged left and right trusses, and pallet stations I and II horizontally spaced between the two trusses. The bottom ends of the left and right trusses are fixed to the ground, and the top ends are respectively horizontally fixed with left and right crossbeams along the length direction. It also includes a vertical servo unit and a horizontal servo unit. Lifting lugs are fixedly installed on both sides of the workbench near the front and rear ends, respectively. Positioning flipping plates that can rotatably support the lifting lugs are fixedly installed at the front ends of the left and right sides of pallet stations I and II. The horizontal servo unit includes a guide rail I, a sliding plate III, and a Y-axis servo assembly. The guide rail I is horizontally fixed to the inner side of the left and right crossbeams, respectively, and the sliding plate III is vertically installed on the left truss. The right truss is slidably connected to the guide rail I via slider I. The Y-axis servo component drives the slide plate III to move horizontally back and forth along the guide rail I. The vertical servo unit is mounted on the slide plate III. The vertical servo unit includes a lead screw I, a Z-axis servo component, a lifting box, a guide rail II, and a positioning hook. The lead screw I is vertically mounted on the front side of the slide plate III and its upper and lower ends are rotatably connected to the slide plate III. The Z-axis servo component is mounted on the top of the slide plate III and its drive shaft is connected to the lead screw I. The guide rail II is vertically fixed on the slide plate III on both sides of the lead screw I. The lifting box is fixedly connected to the lead screw I and slidably connected to the guide rail II via slider II. One end of the positioning hook is fixed to the lifting box and the other end extends forward and can rotatably support the lifting lug.

[0010] Furthermore, the opening of the V-groove of the lower V-shaped positioning block faces upward, and the V-shaped platform of the upper V-shaped positioning block abuts against the positioning surface of the V-groove of the lower V-shaped positioning block.

[0011] The base positioning block has a positioning surface I corresponding to the mating surface of the worktable on the side facing the worktable. The clamping rod extends into the cavity at the end away from the linear clamping module and has an inclined surface I facing the positioning surface I at the top. The clamping positioning block has a positioning surface II on one side that can abut against the positioning surface I of the base positioning block. The clamping positioning block has an inclined surface II on the other side away from the positioning surface II that can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod. The angle between the inclined surface I and the inclined surface II and the vertical direction is 15-30°.

[0012] The working surface of the V-groove and the positioning surface I of the base positioning block are respectively provided with a number of air blowing holes connected to the air supply system. The contact area between the V-groove and the working surface of the V-shaped table is not less than 60%. The contact area between the positioning surface I and the positioning surface II of the base positioning block, which is equipped with a pressure sensor on the air supply pipeline, is not less than 60%. The air blowing holes on the V-groove are equipped with pressure sensors on the pipelines connected to the air supply system. At least two air blowing holes of the base positioning blocks on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam and / or the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity are equipped with pressure sensors on the pipelines connected to the air supply system.

[0013] Furthermore, the linear clamping module also includes a clamping cylinder, a guide sleeve, a guide key, a clamping seat, and a pressing end cap. The clamping seat is fixedly installed inside the support frame beam on the cavity side. The clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to the clamping seat. The guide sleeve is slidably installed in the inner hole of the stepped hole of the clamping cylinder. The pressing end cap is detachably fixedly installed in the outer hole of the stepped hole of the clamping cylinder and abuts against the guide sleeve. The clamping rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder. The guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the support frame. The clamping rod passes through the through hole of the pressing end cap and slides through the guide sleeve. The inner wall of the guide sleeve is provided with a guide groove extending axially. The guide key is detachably fixedly installed on the clamping rod and slides in cooperation with the guide groove of the guide sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning and clamping mechanism also includes a guide unit and position detection switches respectively disposed on the columns on both sides of the cavity. The guide unit includes guide slide plate I and guide slide plate II. Guide slide plate I is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the columns on both sides of the cavity and its sliding surface is perpendicular to the working surface of the worktable. Guide slide plate II is fixedly disposed on the two side walls of the worktable and corresponds to guide slide plate I. The lateral spacing between the sliding surfaces of guide slide plate I on the inner side of the columns on both sides of the cavity is not less than the lateral spacing between the mating surfaces of guide slide plate II on the two side walls of the worktable. The position detection switch includes a probe mounting base and a probe. The probe mounting base is fixedly disposed on the upper part and / or lower part of the columns on both sides of the cavity. The probe is disposed on the probe mounting base and extends perpendicularly toward the working surface of the worktable. Probe limiting plates corresponding to the probe are fixedly disposed on both sides of the worktable.

[0015] Furthermore, the vertical servo unit and the horizontal servo unit are electrically connected to the control system. The two sides of the worktable facing the left and right trusses are respectively vertically fixed with outwardly extending lifting lugs near the front and rear ends. The lifting lugs are cylindrical or conical with their axes perpendicular to the two sides of the worktable. The middle of the lifting lug is coaxially provided with a conical annular groove that is larger on the outside and smaller on the inside. The positioning flip plate and the positioning hook are respectively provided with grooves with open tops. The grooves are semi-circular grooves with a diameter 3-10 mm larger than the bottom diameter of the conical annular groove. The width of the grooves is 0-5 mm larger than the width of the conical annular groove. The grooves at the top of the positioning flip plate and the positioning hook can rotatably support the conical annular grooves of the lifting lugs.

[0016] Furthermore, the Y-axis servo component includes a rack, a gear, a servo motor I, and a reducer I. The rack is horizontally fixed to the inner sides of the left and right crossbeams and parallel to the guide rail I. The servo motor I and the reducer I are fixedly mounted on the slide plate III. The motor shaft of the servo motor I is connected to the input shaft of the reducer I. The gear is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the reducer I and meshes with the rack. Step grooves are horizontally provided above and below the inner sides of the left and right crossbeams. The step grooves are two-stage grooves, with the depth of the lower groove being less than that of the upper groove. The bottom of the guide rail I is embedded in the lower groove of the step groove. The lower end face of the guide rail I abuts against the lower step surface of the lower groove of the step groove. A pressure block is fixed with screws in the upper groove of the step groove. The lower end face of the pressure block abuts against the upper end face of the guide rail I. Slider I, which are slidably connected to the two guide rails I, are fixedly provided at intervals on the upper part of the slide plate III.

[0017] Furthermore, the Z-axis servo component includes a servo motor II and a reducer II. The reducer II is fixedly mounted on the top of the slide plate III and its output shaft is connected to the top of the lead screw I. The servo motor II is fixedly mounted on the top or side of the reducer II, and the motor shaft of the servo motor II is connected to the input shaft of the reducer II.

[0018] The inner side of the slide plate III is also provided with an anti-sway support unit, which includes a support arm and a support wheel. The proximal end of the support arm is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slide plate III and the distal end extends in the direction of the positioning hook. The support wheel is rotatably disposed at the distal end of the support arm and the wheel rim protrudes from the support arm. The support wheel can roll and abut against the rear end face of the worktable.

[0019] Furthermore, the spindle system includes a spindle box, a slide assembly, an A / C oscillating head, a linear drive unit, a spindle support, an X-axis feed mechanism, and a Z-axis feed mechanism. The spindle support is vertically mounted on the base, and the spindle box is slidably mounted in a slot extending through the front and rear ends of the spindle support. The X-axis feed mechanism is fixed to the bottom and / or top of the spindle support to control the movement of the spindle support along the X-axis, and the Z-axis feed mechanism is located on one side of the spindle support to control the movement of the spindle box along the Z-axis.

[0020] A horizontal square channel is provided through the middle of the spindle box along the length direction. A Y-shaped downward slider is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the square channel near the four corners. Support channels penetrating the top wall are provided on both sides of the top surface of the square channel. A Y-shaped upward slider is provided on both sides of the upper part of the square channel. The upper part of the Y-shaped upward slider passes through the support channel. The top of the Y-shaped upward slider is detachably fixedly connected to the top of the spindle box.

[0021] The slide assembly includes a slide, which is a cuboid structure and slides through a square channel. The A / C swing head is fixedly installed at the front end of the slide. Two Y-shaped downward guide rails are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the slide along the length direction, and two Y-shaped upward guide rails are fixedly installed on the top surface of the slide along the length direction. The two Y-shaped downward guide rails on the bottom surface of the slide slide slide in cooperation with the Y-shaped downward sliders at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square channel, and the two Y-shaped upward guide rails on the top surface of the slide slide slide in cooperation with the Y-shaped upward sliders on both sides of the top surface of the square channel.

[0022] The linear drive unit is located at the rear of the spindle box. The drive body of the linear drive unit is fixedly connected to the slide block, and the drive end of the linear drive unit is fixedly connected to the spindle box.

[0023] Furthermore, the Y-axis upward slider includes an upper slider and a support body. The support body is a cuboid or cylindrical structure and moves through the support channel. The upper slider is located at the top of the square channel. A flange is provided at the top of the support body. The top of the spindle box has screw holes I around the support channel. The support body is fixedly connected to the spindle box by screws I that pass through the through holes I on the flange and engage with the screw holes I. The top of the upper slider has multiple screw holes II spaced apart. The support body has multiple through holes III spaced apart, passing through both the upper and lower ends. The support body is fixedly connected to the upper slider by screws II that pass through the through holes III and engage with the screw holes II.

[0024] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the square channel is provided with stepped grooves I and II extending along its length at the front and rear ends near the two side walls, respectively. Both stepped grooves I and II are two-stage grooves, and the groove depth on the side near the side wall is less than the groove depth on the side near the center. The Y-shaped downward sliders on both sides of the square channel are detachably fixed in the grooves on the side walls of stepped grooves I and II, respectively. The side of the Y-shaped downward slider in stepped groove I extends to the inner groove on the side near the center. The groove on the side near the center of stepped groove I is provided with mutually cooperating wedge blocks I and wedges II. Two rows of screw holes III are spaced apart in the groove on the side near the center of stepped groove I. The wedge blocks I and wedges II are provided with at least two through holes II along their length. The wedge blocks I and wedges II are fixedly connected to stepped groove I by screws III that pass through the through holes II and engage with screw holes III, respectively. The side surface of the wedge block I abuts against the side surface of the Y-shaped downward slider on the side near the center.

[0025] The bottom surface of the square channel is provided with a middle groove that runs through both the front and rear ends between the stepped groove I and the stepped groove II. The linear drive unit is located at the bottom of the slide behind the spindle box. The drive body is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide, and the drive end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the middle groove.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] 1. The positioning and clamping mechanism of the present invention has lower V-shaped positioning blocks spaced apart on the lower crossbeam of the cavity of the support frame, and upper V-shaped positioning blocks that match the lower V-shaped positioning blocks are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the worktable, thereby forming a positioning unit with double V-shaped positioning surfaces, which effectively ensures the left and right position of the worktable and the torsion of the worktable; moreover, the lower V-shaped positioning blocks installed on the lower crossbeam of the cavity of the support frame are single positioning bases. By adjusting the positioning blocks on the bottom surface of multiple worktables based on this, the positioning accuracy of a single worktable can be guaranteed, and the consistency of positioning accuracy after multiple worktables are exchanged can also be guaranteed.

[0028] 2. The positioning and clamping mechanism of the present invention has a clamping unit driven by a linear clamping module in the cavity of the support frame. This not only reserves a degree of freedom for the worktable in the Z direction, so that there is no obstruction to the movement of the worktable in the Z direction in the cavity during the clamping process, but also the clamping force of multiple clamping units in the cavity of the support frame in the Z direction can make the worktable move slightly in the Z direction, thereby ensuring that the positioning surface is in place to avoid problems such as false positioning and insecure clamping, thus improving the positioning accuracy and clamping reliability.

[0029] 3. In the positioning and clamping mechanism of the present invention, the clamping unit is provided with a base positioning block and a linear clamping module in pairs on the crossbeam and the two side columns of the cavity, and a clamping positioning block is provided on the worktable accordingly. An inclined surface I is provided on the top of the clamping rod of the linear clamping module, and an inclined surface II is provided on the clamping positioning block to abut against the inclined surface I. This not only forms a stable and reliable clamping of the worktable, but the inclined surface clamping can also overcome the axial resistance and the opposing component force between the clamping units during the processing by the component force of the clamping force, further improving the reliability of the clamping.

[0030] 4. The positioning and clamping mechanism of the present invention has air blowing holes connected to the air supply system on the V-groove working surface of the lower V-shaped positioning block and the positioning surface I of the base positioning block. Compressed air can blow away foreign objects between the contact surfaces, which can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of clamping. Moreover, by limiting the contact area between the positioning surface and the clamping surface to not less than 60%, and by installing a pressure sensor on the pipeline connected to the air supply system, the airtightness detection of the positioning surface and the clamping surface can be used to determine the contact gap, which can ensure that the clamping and positioning of each positioning surface and each clamping surface is accurate for the next operation, thus improving the reliability of operation.

[0031] 5. The flipping and exchange mechanism of the present invention is independent of the machine tool processing area. Therefore, the flipping, lifting, and transportation of workpieces in the flipping area and the processing area can be carried out simultaneously without affecting each other. It can also reduce the non-processing waiting time of the machine tool, effectively improve the processing efficiency of the machining center. Furthermore, the flipping and exchange mechanism, which is separate from the processing area, will not obstruct the head and bed when the workpiece is clamped and disassembled, making it easier to operate.

[0032] 6. The flipping and exchanging mechanism of this invention uses dual servo components (vertical and horizontal) to achieve the conversion between the horizontal and vertical postures of the worktable, making the movement of the worktable safer, smoother, and more precise in positioning. Moreover, the same mechanism, in conjunction with two pallet stations, can realize flipping, lifting, transporting, and exchanging multiple worktables, which not only improves work efficiency but also eliminates the need for excessive signal detection and interconnection control, simplifying the overall structure and significantly reducing the failure rate, thus improving the reliability of the equipment.

[0033] 7. The flipping and exchange mechanism of the present invention only realizes the flipping, lifting and transporting of the workpiece to the vertical processing position. The workpiece is not processed and finally positioned on the moving flipping and exchange mechanism. Therefore, the problems of workpiece vibration and low positioning accuracy during processing can be avoided. Moreover, although different workpieces and different processing operations can affect the overall quality and center of gravity of the flipping mechanism, they do not affect the dynamic processing characteristics of the machine tool. This can improve the processing quality of the workpiece and reduce the matching accuracy requirements of the flipping and exchange mechanism.

[0034] 8. The spindle system of the present invention has Y-down sliders fixedly installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square channel in the middle of the spindle box. At the same time, support channels penetrating the top wall are provided on both sides of the top surface of the square channel, and Y-up sliders are respectively provided on both sides of the upper part of the square channel. The upper part of the Y-up slider passes through the support channel and the top end is detachably fixedly connected to the spindle box. Moreover, the bottom surface of the slide assembly is provided with two Y-down guide rails that cooperate with the Y-down sliders, and the top surface of the slide assembly is provided with two Y-up guide rails that cooperate with the Y-up sliders. This not only provides the slide with upper and lower guiding support and enhances the rigidity of the slide, but also effectively suppresses the spindle vibration phenomenon during machining. Furthermore, since the Y-up sliders can be installed and the cooperation clearance with the Y-up guide rails can be adjusted through the support channels, the positioning accuracy of the slide can be improved and the assembly and disassembly operations can be simplified.

[0035] In summary, the present invention features convenient operation, high processing efficiency and positioning accuracy, reliable clamping, and good rigidity. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top right view;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning and clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The front view;

[0041] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B;

[0042] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the partial cross-section in the CC direction;

[0043] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Workbench separation diagram;

[0044] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point D;

[0045] Figure 10 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point E;

[0046] Figure 11 for Figure 4A schematic diagram of the supporting frame and its connecting components;

[0047] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view at point F;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the flip-and-switch mechanism of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of point G;

[0050] Figure 15 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of point H;

[0051] Figure 16 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of point J;

[0052] Figure 17 for Figure 13 Top right view;

[0053] Figure 18 for Figure 17 Enlarged view of point K;

[0054] Figure 19 for Figure 17 Enlarged view of point L;

[0055] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis feed mechanism of the spindle system of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 21 for Figure 20 The bottom right view;

[0057] Figure 22 for Figure 20 A / C head tilt direction view;

[0058] Figure 23 for Figure 20 Enlarged view at point M;

[0059] Figure 24 for Figure 21 Enlarged view of point N;

[0060] Figure 25 for Figure 22 Enlarged view of point P;

[0061] Figure 26 for Figure 20 Partial exploded view;

[0062] In the diagram: 1-base, 2-worktable, 21-lifting lug, 22-conical annular groove;

[0063] 3-Positioning and clamping mechanism, 31-Support frame, 311-Cavity, 32-Lower V-shaped positioning block, 321-V-groove, 34-Upper V-shaped positioning block, 35-Base positioning block, 36-Clamping positioning block, 37-Linear clamping module, 371-Clamping cylinder, 372-Guide sleeve, 373-Guide key, 374-Clamping seat, 375-Pressure end cap, 38-Clamping rod, 39-Air blowing hole, 3A-Guide slide plate I, 3B-Guide slide plate II, 3C-Probe mounting base, 3D-Probe, 3E-Probe limiting plate;

[0064] 4-Flipping and exchanging mechanism, 41-Pallet station I, 42-Pallet station II, 43-Left truss, 44-Right truss, 45-Left crossbeam, 46-Right crossbeam, 47-Positioning flipping plate, 48-Step groove, 49-Pressure block, 4A-Guide rail I, 4B-Slide plate III, 4C-Rack and pinion, 4D-Servo motor I, 4E-Servo motor II, 4F-Reducer II, 4H-Screw rod I, 4J-Lifting box, 4K-Guide rail II, 4L-Positioning hook, 4N-Anti-sway support unit, 4N1-Support arm, 4N2-Support wheel;

[0065] 5-Spindle system, 51-Spindle box, 511-Square channel, 512-Support channel, 513-Step groove I, 514-Step groove II, 515-Intermediate groove, 52-Slide assembly, 521-Slide, 522-Y downward guide rail, 523-Y upward guide rail, 53-A / C swing head, 54-Linear drive unit, 541-Drive body, 5411-Servo motor III, 5412-Lead screw II, 5413-Lead screw seat, 542-Drive end, 55-Y downward slider, 56-Y upward slider, 561-Upper slider, 562-Support body, 5621-Flange, 5622-Through hole I, 5623-Through hole III, 57-Wedge block I, 58-Wedge II, 5A-Spindle support, 5B-X-axis feed mechanism, 5C-Z-axis feed mechanism;

[0066] 6-Tool magazine, 7-Two-stage chip conveyor, 8-Wall-mounted protection. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 26As shown, the present invention includes a base 1, a worktable 2, a positioning and clamping mechanism 3, a flipping and exchanging mechanism 4, a spindle system 5, and a control system. The positioning and clamping mechanism 3 is horizontally fixed at the rear end of the base 1, the spindle system 5 is fixedly disposed at the front end of the base 1, and the flipping and exchanging mechanism 4 is fixedly disposed at the rear of the base 1 away from the spindle system 5. The worktable 2 has a square structure. The positioning and clamping mechanism 3, the flipping and exchanging mechanism 4, and the spindle system 5 are electrically connected to the control system (not shown in the figure).

[0069] The positioning and clamping mechanism 3 includes a support frame 31, a positioning unit, and a clamping unit. The support frame 31 is horizontally and vertically fixed to the rear end of the base 1 and has a square cavity 311 in the middle. The positioning unit includes a lower V-shaped positioning block 32. At least two lower V-shaped positioning blocks 32 are spaced apart on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity 311. Upper V-shaped positioning blocks 34, which are paired with the lower V-shaped positioning blocks 32 on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity 311, are fixedly spaced apart on the bottom surface of the workbench 2. The clamping unit includes a base positioning block 35 and a linear clamping module 37. The base positioning block 35 and the linear clamping module 37 are connected in series. The clamping modules 37 are arranged in pairs and are at least located on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam and the inner side of the two side columns of the cavity 311. The base positioning block 35 is fixedly located at the rear end of the cavity 311. The linear clamping module 37 is fixedly located at the front end of the cavity 311 and is connected to a clamping rod 38 that can move linearly. The top of the clamping rod 38 is provided with an inclined surface I. The worktable 2 is fixedly provided with clamping positioning blocks 36 corresponding to the base positioning blocks 35 on the cavity 311 at least on its top surface and two side surfaces. One side of the clamping positioning block 36 can abut against the base positioning block 35 and the other side can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod 38.

[0070] The flipping and exchanging mechanism 4 includes a symmetrically vertically arranged left truss 43 and right truss 44, and a pallet station I 41 and pallet station II 42 horizontally spaced between the two trusses. The bottom ends of the left truss 43 and right truss 44 are fixed to the ground, and the top ends are respectively horizontally fixed with a left crossbeam 45 and a right crossbeam 46 along the length direction. It also includes a vertical servo unit and a horizontal servo unit. The two sides of the workbench 2 are respectively fixed with lifting lugs 21 near the front and rear ends. The front ends of the left and right sides of the pallet station I 41 and pallet station II 42 are respectively fixed with positioning flipping plates 47 that can rotatably support the lifting lugs 21. The horizontal servo unit includes a guide rail I 4A, a sliding plate III 4B, and a Y-axis servo assembly. The guide rail I 4A is respectively horizontally fixed to the inner side of the left crossbeam 45 and right crossbeam 46. The sliding plate III 4B is respectively vertically arranged on the left truss 43 and right truss 46. The inner side of the truss 44 is slidably connected to the guide rail 4A via slider I. The Y-axis servo component drives the slide plate 34B to move horizontally back and forth along the guide rail 4A. The vertical servo unit is mounted on the slide plate 34B. The vertical servo unit includes a lead screw I 4H, a Z-axis servo component, a lifting box 4J, a guide rail 4K, and a positioning hook 4L. The lead screw I 4H is vertically mounted on the front side of the slide plate 34B and its upper and lower ends are rotatably connected to the slide plate 34B. The Z-axis servo component is mounted on the top of the slide plate 34B and its drive shaft is connected to the lead screw I 4H. The guide rail 4K is vertically fixed on the slide plate 34B on both sides of the lead screw I 4H. The lifting box 4J is fixedly connected to the lead screw nut of the lead screw I 4H and slidably connected to the guide rail 4K via slider II. One end of the positioning hook 4L is fixed to the lifting box 4J and the other end extends forward and can rotatably support the lifting lug 21.

[0071] The opening of the V-groove 321 of the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 faces upward, and the V-shaped platform of the upper V-shaped positioning block 34 abuts against the positioning surface of the V-groove 321 of the lower V-shaped positioning block 32.

[0072] The base positioning block 35 has a positioning surface I corresponding to the mating surface of the worktable 2 on the side facing the worktable 2. The clamping rod 38 extends into the cavity 311 at one end away from the linear clamping module 37 and has an inclined surface I facing the positioning surface I at the top. The clamping positioning block 36 has a positioning surface II on one side that can abut against the positioning surface I of the base positioning block 35. The clamping positioning block 36 has an inclined surface II on the other side away from the positioning surface II that can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod 38. The angle between the inclined surface I and the inclined surface II and the vertical direction is 15-30°.

[0073] The working surface of the V-groove 321 and the positioning surface I of the base positioning block 35 are respectively provided with a plurality of air blowing holes 39 connected to the air supply system. The contact area between the V-groove 321 and the working surface of the V-shaped table is not less than 60%. The contact area between the positioning surface I and the positioning surface II of the base positioning block 35, which is equipped with a pressure sensor on the air supply pipeline, is not less than 60%. The air blowing holes 39 on the V-groove 321 are equipped with pressure sensors on the pipeline connected to the air supply system. At least two air blowing holes 39 of the base positioning blocks 35 on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam and / or the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity 311 are equipped with pressure sensors on the pipeline connected to the air supply system.

[0074] The linear clamping module 37 further includes a clamping cylinder 371, a guide sleeve 372, a guide key 373, a clamping seat 374, and a pressing end cap 375. The clamping seat 374 is fixedly installed in the beam of the support frame 31 on the side of the cavity 311. The clamping cylinder 371 is fixedly connected to the clamping seat 374. The guide sleeve 372 is slidably installed in the inner hole of the stepped hole of the clamping cylinder 371. The pressing end cap 375 is detachably fixedly installed in the outer hole of the stepped hole of the clamping cylinder 371 and abuts against the guide sleeve 372. The clamping rod 38 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 371. The guide sleeve 372 is fixedly connected to the support frame 31. The clamping rod 38 passes through the through hole of the pressing end cap 375 and slides through the guide sleeve 372. The inner wall of the guide sleeve 372 is provided with a guide groove extending axially. The guide key 373 is detachably fixedly installed on the clamping rod 38 and slides in cooperation with the guide groove of the guide sleeve 372.

[0075] The positioning and clamping mechanism 3 further includes a guide unit and position detection switches respectively disposed on the columns on both sides of the cavity 311. The guide unit includes guide slide plate I 3A and guide slide plate II 3B. Guide slide plate I 3A is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the columns on both sides of the cavity 311 and the sliding surface is perpendicular to the working surface of the worktable 2. Guide slide plate II 3B is fixedly disposed on the two side walls of the worktable 2 and corresponds to guide slide plate I 3A. The lateral spacing between the sliding surfaces of guide slide plate I 3A on the inner side of the columns on both sides of the cavity 311 is not less than the lateral spacing between the mating surfaces of guide slide plate II 3B on the two side walls of the worktable 2. The position detection switch includes a probe mounting base 3C and a probe 3D. The probe mounting base 3C is fixedly disposed on the upper part and / or lower part of the columns on both sides of the cavity 311. The probe 3D is disposed on the probe mounting base 3C and extends perpendicularly toward the working surface of the worktable 2. Probe limiting plates 3E corresponding to probe 3D are fixedly disposed on both sides of the worktable 2.

[0076] The position detection switches are respectively located on the upper part of one side column and the lower part of the other side column of cavity 311. The probe 3D is located behind the sliding surface of guide slide plate I 3A. The probe limiting plate 3E is vertically located at the front end of guide slide plate II 3B facing the working surface of worktable 2, and its top surface is higher than the sliding mating surface of guide slide plate II 3B.

[0077] The vertical servo unit and the horizontal servo unit are electrically connected to the control system. The two sides of the worktable 2 facing the left truss 43 and the right truss 44 are respectively vertically fixed with outwardly extending lifting lugs 21 near the front and rear ends. The lifting lugs 21 are cylindrical or conical and their axes are perpendicular to the two sides of the worktable 2. The middle of the lifting lug 21 is coaxially provided with a conical annular groove 22 that is larger on the outside and smaller on the inside. The positioning flip plate 47 and the positioning hook 4L are respectively provided with grooves with open tops. The grooves are semi-circular grooves with a diameter 3 to 10 mm larger than the bottom diameter of the conical annular groove 22. The width of the grooves is 0 to 5 mm larger than the width of the conical annular groove 22. The grooves at the top of the positioning flip plate 47 and the positioning hook 4L can rotate to support the conical annular groove 22 of the lifting lug 21.

[0078] The Y-axis servo assembly includes a rack 4C, a gear, a servo motor I 4D, and a reducer I. The rack 4C is horizontally fixed to the inner sides of the left crossbeam 45 and the right crossbeam 46, and parallel to the guide rail I 4A. The servo motor I 4D and the reducer I are fixedly mounted on the slide plate III 4B. The motor shaft of the servo motor I 4D is connected to the input shaft of the reducer I. The gear is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the reducer I and meshes with the rack 4C. The inner sides of the left crossbeam 45 and the right crossbeam 46 are located above and below the rack 4C. A stepped groove 48 is horizontally provided, the stepped groove 48 is a two-level groove and the depth of the lower groove is less than that of the upper groove. The bottom of the guide rail I 4A is embedded in the lower groove of the stepped groove 48, and the lower end face of the guide rail I 4A abuts against the lower step surface of the lower groove of the stepped groove 48. A pressure block 49 is fixed in the upper groove of the stepped groove 48 with screws, and the lower end face of the pressure block 49 abuts against the upper end face of the guide rail I 4A. A slider I is fixedly provided at intervals on the upper part of the slide plate III 4B and is slidably connected to the two guide rails I 4A.

[0079] The Z-axis servo component includes a servo motor II4E and a reducer II4F. The reducer II4F is fixedly mounted on the top of the slide plate III4B and its output shaft is connected to the top of the lead screw I4H. The servo motor II4E is fixedly mounted on the top or side of the reducer II4F, and the motor shaft of the servo motor II4E is connected to the input shaft of the reducer II4F.

[0080] On the inner side of the skateboard III 4B, an anti-sway support unit 4N is further provided. The anti-sway support unit 4N includes a support arm 4N1 and a support wheel 4N2. The proximal end of the support arm 4N1 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the skateboard III 4B, and the distal end extends in the extending direction of the positioning hook 4L. The support wheel 4N2 is rotatably provided at the distal end of the support arm 4N1, and the wheel rim protrudes from the support arm 4N1. The support wheel 4N2 can be in rolling contact with the rear end face of the workbench 2.

[0081] The pallet stations I 41 and pallet stations II 42 are in the shape of a "day", "eye", or "return" shaped frame structure. Signal detection switches for the workbench 2 being placed in place are provided on both sides inside the pallet stations I 41 and pallet stations II 42.

[0082] At least two anti-sway support units 4N that are parallel to each other are arranged at intervals along the height direction on the inner side of the skateboard III 4B.

[0083] The main spindle system 5 includes a main spindle box 51, a ram assembly 52, an A / C swivel head 53, a linear drive unit 54, a main spindle support 5A, an X-axis feed mechanism 5B, and a Z-axis feed mechanism 5C. The main spindle support 5A is vertically arranged on the base 1. The main spindle box 51 is slidably arranged in an empty slot that penetrates through the front and rear ends in the middle of the main spindle support 5A. The X-axis feed mechanism 5B is fixed at the bottom end and / or the top end of the main spindle support 5A to control the main spindle support 5A to move along the X-axis. The Z-axis feed mechanism 5C is arranged on one side of the main spindle support 5A to control the main spindle box 51 to move along the Z-axis;

[0084] A horizontal square channel 511 is arranged through the main spindle box 51 along the length direction. Y-axis lower sliders 55 are respectively fixedly arranged near the four corners of the bottom surface of the square channel 511. Support channels 512 penetrating the top wall are respectively arranged on both sides of the top surface of the square channel 511. Y-axis upper sliders 56 are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper part of the square channel 511. The upper part of the Y-axis upper slider 56 passes through the support channel 512, and the top end of the Y-axis upper slider 56 is detachably fixedly connected to the top end of the main spindle box 51;

[0085] The ram assembly 52 includes a ram 521. The ram 521 is in a cuboid structure and slides through the square channel 511. The A / C swivel head 53 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the ram 521. Two Y-axis lower guide rails 522 are fixedly arranged along the length direction on the bottom surface of the ram 521. Two Y-axis upper guide rails 523 are fixedly arranged along the length direction on the top surface of the ram 521. The two Y-axis lower guide rails 522 on the bottom surface of the ram 521 are in sliding fit with the Y-axis lower sliders 55 at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square channel 511. The two Y-axis upper guide rails 523 on the top surface of the ram 521 are in sliding fit with the Y-axis upper sliders 56 on both sides of the top surface of the square channel 511;

[0086] The linear drive unit 54 is located behind the spindle box 51. The drive body 541 of the linear drive unit 54 is fixedly connected to the slide 521, and the drive end 542 of the linear drive unit 54 is fixedly connected to the spindle box 51.

[0087] The Y-axis upward slider 56 includes an upper slider 561 and a support body 562. The support body 562 is a cuboid or cylindrical structure and moves through the support channel 512. The upper slider 561 is located on the upper part of the square channel 511. A flange 5621 is provided on the upper part of the support body 562. The top of the spindle box 51 has screw holes I around the support channel 512. The support body 562 is fixedly connected to the spindle box 51 by screws I that pass through through holes I 5622 on the flange 5621 and engage with screw holes I. The top of the upper slider 561 has multiple screw holes II spaced apart. The support body 562 has multiple through holes III 5623 spaced apart, passing through both the upper and lower ends. The support body 562 is fixedly connected to the upper slider 561 by screws II that pass through through holes III 5623 and engage with screw holes II.

[0088] The bottom surface of the square channel 511 is provided with stepped grooves I 513 and II 514 extending along its length at the front and rear ends near the two side walls, respectively. Both stepped grooves I 513 and II 514 are two-stage grooves, with the groove depth on the side wall side being less than the groove depth on the center side. The Y-shaped downward sliders 55 on both sides of the square channel 511 are detachably fixed in the grooves on the side wall side of stepped grooves I 513 and II 514, respectively. The side of the Y-shaped downward slider 55 in stepped groove I 513 extends from the center side to the inner groove. Inside, the stepped groove I 513 is provided with mutually cooperating wedge blocks I 57 and wedge II 58 in the groove on the center side. The stepped groove I 513 is provided with two rows of screw holes III at intervals in the groove on the center side. The wedge blocks I 57 and wedge II 58 are provided with at least two through holes II along the length direction. The wedge blocks I 57 and wedge II 58 are fixedly connected to the stepped groove I 513 by screws III that pass through the through holes II and engage with the screw holes III. The side surface of the wedge block I 57 abuts against the side of the Y downward slider 55 on the center side.

[0089] The bottom surface of the square channel 511 is provided with an intermediate groove 515 that runs through both the front and rear ends between the stepped groove I 513 and the stepped groove II 514. The linear drive unit 54 is located at the bottom of the slide 521 behind the spindle box 51. The drive body 541 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide 521, and the drive end 542 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the intermediate groove 515.

[0090] The drive body 541 includes a servo motor III 5411, a lead screw II 5412, and a lead screw seat 5413. The servo motor III 5411 is fixedly disposed at the rear of the bottom of the slide block 521, and the lead screw seat 5413 is fixedly disposed at the front of the bottom of the slide block 521. One end of the lead screw II 5412 is connected to the drive shaft of the servo motor III 5411, and the other end is rotatably connected to the lead screw seat 5413. The drive end 542 is a lead screw nut, which is adapted to be installed on the lead screw 5412.

[0091] The control system is an existing five-axis machining center CNC system.

[0092] The working principle and process of this invention:

[0093] like Figures 1 to 26 As shown, taking the five-axis flip-type horizontal machining center worktable 2 with a size of 2000×4000mm as an example, the worktable 2 is converted between the machining area and the clamping area of ​​the machining center through the flip-exchange mechanism 4, which requires high single-machine exchange positioning accuracy and multi-machine exchange consistency.

[0094] The flipping process of worktable 2 is as follows Figures 13 to 19As shown, in the initial state where workpieces need to be clamped, the worktable 2 is placed horizontally on pallet station I 41 or pallet station II 42. When the workpiece clamping is completed and the worktable 2 needs to be flipped, the control system controls the servo motor I 4D to drive the slide plate III 4B to move along the guide rail I 4A, so that the slide plate III 4B drives the lifting box 4J to move the positioning hook 4L to the rear of the corresponding lifting lug 21 of the worktable 2; then the control system controls the servo motor II 4E to work, and through the reducer II 4F, the torque is amplified to drive the lead screw I 4H to rotate, thereby driving the lifting box 4J and the positioning hook 4L on it to move downwards to below the lifting lug 21; then the control system controls the servo motor I 4D to drive the slide plate III 4B to move the positioning hook 4L to the rear of the worktable 21. Move the device to directly below the lifting lug 21, then control the servo motor II 4E to cause the lifting box 4J to move the positioning hook 4L upward under the drive of the lead screw I 4H, so that the positioning hook 4L supports the lifting lug 21 and lifts one end of the worktable 2 upward; during the lifting of the worktable 2, simultaneously control the servo motor I 4D to drive the sliding plate III 4B to move forward, thereby, through the servo control of vertical lifting and horizontal movement, causing the worktable 2 to rotate around the central axis of the groove of the positioning flip plate 47 until the worktable 2 flips to the vertical position, at which point the vertical worktable... The rear end of the worktable 2 abuts against the rim of the support wheel 4N2 of the anti-sway support unit 4N; then, the servo motor II 4E is controlled again to lift the worktable 2 and the workpiece clamped on it upwards and away from the positioning flip plate 47 through the positioning hook 4L. During the lifting process, the rear end face of the worktable 2 is supported by the support wheel 4N2 to prevent it from swaying; after the worktable 2 is lifted to the predetermined height, the servo motor I 4D works again to drive the slide plate III 4B to move the worktable 2 forward to a position slightly above the positioning surface of the positioning clamping mechanism 3, and then the servo motor... When servo motor II 4E operates, the worktable 2 slowly descends to the positioning surface of the positioning and clamping mechanism 3. After the worktable 2 is positioned and clamped, servo motor II 4E operates to lower the positioning hook 4L again to disengage from the lifting lug 21. Then, servo motor I 4D drives the sliding plate III 4B away from the positioning and clamping mechanism 3, completing the flipping, lifting, and transport of the worktable 2 and the workpiece on it. At this time, the workpiece on the positioning and clamping mechanism 3 can be machined, and the workpiece on another worktable 2 on pallet station I 41 or pallet station II 42 can be disassembled or clamped. After the workpiece is machined, the above process is reversed to flip the worktable 2 and the workpiece on it and place it on an empty pallet station I 41 or pallet station II 42. Finally, the workpiece can be disassembled.

[0095] The positioning and clamping process of the worktable 2 in the support frame 31 is as follows Figures 4 to 12As shown, during the replacement of workbench 2, the guide unit consisting of two guide slides I 3A on each of the inner sides of the left and right columns of cavity 311 and guide slide II 3B of workbench 2 provides initial alignment of workbench 2. After workbench 2 is transported to its position, the position detection switches arranged diagonally provide feedback on the position signal. At the same time, during this process, the two positioning units form a double V positioning, and the positioning surfaces of the 12 clamping units distributed on the inner side of cavity 311 are always kept in a clean air supply state to ensure that there are no foreign objects on the contact surfaces (the contact surfaces of the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 and the base positioning block 35 of the clamping unit are provided with multiple φ1.5mm air holes 39. During the replacement of workbench 2, compressed air blows away the foreign objects between the aforementioned contact surfaces to ensure contact). (Surface cleaning); After the control system of the flip-type horizontal machining center receives the position detection switch and the pressure sensor (not shown in the figure) arrival signal, the worktable 2 falls vertically and is positioned in both left and right and up and down directions by double V positioning (during the manufacturing process and installation, the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 and the upper V-shaped positioning block 34 are paired and machined and installed at the bottom of different worktables 2 with the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity 311 as the reference, so as to ensure the contact area of ​​the contact surface and the consistency of the thickness direction of the set of V-shaped blocks. During the exchange of worktables 2, the worktable 2 falls on the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 by its own gravity, and the upper V-shaped positioning block 34 moves downward and closely abuts the working surface of the lower V-shaped positioning block 32, thereby realizing the up and down positioning of the worktable 2). Simultaneously, an airtightness test is set on the working surface of the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 of the positioning unit (the surface roughness of the contact surface of the lower V-shaped positioning block 32 and the upper V-shaped positioning block 34 is required to be 0.8, and the contact area is guaranteed to be above 75% through grinding. The contact gap of the positioning surface is judged by the gas pressure signal of the pressure sensor during contact). When the detection signal is normal, the clamping cylinders (i.e., clamping cylinders 371) of the 12 clamping units arranged in the four directions of the cavity 311 are controlled to extend, and the inclined surface I of the clamping rod 38 is pressed against the inclined surface II of the clamping positioning block 36. Two sets of clamping units are arranged on the top and bottom (a total of four sets) for airtightness testing. After clamping, if the airtightness test signals of the four clamping units are normal (the roughness of the positioning surface I of the base positioning block 35 and the positioning surface II of the clamping positioning block 36 is required to be 0.8, and the contact area is guaranteed to be above 75% through grinding, and the contact gap of the positioning surface is judged by the gas pressure signal of the pressure sensor when in contact), it indicates that the clamping and positioning is accurate, and the hook of the exchange mechanism of the worktable 2 can be disengaged, thereby completing the clamping and positioning of the worktable 2 and allowing the workpiece to be processed. The disassembly of the worktable 2 after the workpiece is processed can be performed in reverse.The inclined surface I of the clamping rod 38 connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder is a 20° angle surface. The thrust of the piston is decomposed into two components, one perpendicular to the working surface of the worktable 2 and the other parallel to the working surface of the worktable 2. The component perpendicular to the working surface of the worktable 2 is used to clamp the worktable 2 and overcome the axial resistance during the machining process, while the other component is used to overcome the opposing component between the clamping units on the cavity 311.

[0096] The working process of spindle system 5 is as follows: Figures 20 to 26 As shown, during workpiece machining, the control system controls the X-axis feed mechanism 5B to drive the spindle support 5A and its components to move left and right along the X-axis. Subsequently, the control system controls the Z-axis feed mechanism 5C to drive the spindle box 51 and its slide assembly 52 to move up and down along the Z-axis. Then, the control system controls the servo motor Ⅲ 5411 to start, driving the lead screw Ⅱ 5412 to rotate. Under the drive of the lead screw nut (i.e., the drive end 542), the slide 521 moves forward and backward along the Y-axis to achieve the Y-axis feed of the A / C oscillating head 53. After working for a certain period of time, the friction between the guide rail and the slider on the slide 521 causes the clearance to increase. This clearance can be adjusted by adjusting the connecting screw Ⅰ between the support body 562 and the spindle box 51, thereby quickly restoring the movement guidance accuracy of the slide 521.

[0097] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A flip-type horizontal machining center, comprising a base (1), a worktable (2), a positioning and clamping mechanism (3), a flipping and exchanging mechanism (4), a spindle system (5), and a control system, wherein the positioning and clamping mechanism (3) is horizontally fixed at the rear end of the base (1), the spindle system (5) is fixedly disposed at the front end of the base (1), and the flipping and exchanging mechanism (4) is fixedly disposed at the rear of the base (1) away from the spindle system (5), the worktable (2) is of a square structure, and the positioning and clamping mechanism (3), the flipping and exchanging mechanism (4), and the spindle system (5) are electrically connected to the control system respectively; characterized in that, The positioning and clamping mechanism (3) includes a support frame (31), a positioning unit, and a clamping unit. The support frame (31) is horizontally and vertically fixed to the rear end of the base (1) and has a square cavity (311) in the middle. The positioning unit includes a lower V-shaped positioning block (32). At least two lower V-shaped positioning blocks (32) are spaced apart on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity (311). Upper V-shaped positioning blocks (34) that match the lower V-shaped positioning blocks (32) on the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity (311) are fixedly spaced apart on the bottom surface of the worktable (2). The clamping unit includes a base positioning block (35) and a linear clamping module (37). The base positioning block (35) and the linear clamping module (37) are fixed together. The clamping modules (37) are arranged in pairs and at least on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam and the inner side of the two side columns of the cavity (311). The base positioning block (35) is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the cavity (311). The linear clamping module (37) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the cavity (311) and connected to a clamping rod (38) that can move linearly. The top of the clamping rod (38) is provided with an inclined surface I. The worktable (2) is fixedly provided with clamping positioning blocks (36) corresponding to the base positioning block (35) on the cavity (311) at least on the top surface and on both sides. One side of the clamping positioning block (36) can abut against the base positioning block (35) and the other side can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod (38). The flipping and exchanging mechanism (4) includes a symmetrically vertically arranged left truss (43) and right truss (44), and a pallet station I (41) and pallet station II (42) horizontally spaced between the two trusses. The bottom ends of the left truss (43) and right truss (44) are fixed to the ground, and the top ends are respectively horizontally fixed with a left crossbeam (45) and a right crossbeam (46) along the length direction. It also includes a vertical servo unit and a horizontal servo unit. The two sides of the workbench (2) are respectively fixed with lifting lugs (21) near the front and rear ends. The front ends of the left and right sides of the pallet station I (41) and pallet station II (42) are respectively fixed with positioning flip plates (47) that can rotatably support the lifting lugs (21). The horizontal servo unit includes a guide rail I (4A), a sliding plate III (4B), and a Y-axis servo component. The guide rail I (4A) is respectively horizontally fixed to the inner side of the left crossbeam (45) and right crossbeam (46), and the sliding plate III (4B) is respectively vertically arranged on the left truss (43) and right truss. The inner side of the frame (44) is slidably connected to the guide rail (4A) via the slider I. The Y-axis servo component drives the slide plate III (4B) to move horizontally back and forth along the guide rail I (4A). The vertical servo unit is set on the slide plate III (4B). The vertical servo unit includes a lead screw I (4H), a Z-axis servo component, a hanging box (4J), a guide rail II (4K), and a positioning hook (4L). The lead screw I (4H) is vertically set on the front side of the slide plate III (4B), and its upper and lower ends are connected to the slide plate III (4B). 4B) Rotary connection, the Z-axis servo component is set at the top of the slide plate Ⅲ (4B) and the drive shaft is connected to the lead screw Ⅰ (4H), the guide rail Ⅱ (4K) is vertically fixed on the slide plate Ⅲ (4B) on both sides of the lead screw Ⅰ (4H), the hanging box (4J) is fixedly connected to the lead screw Ⅰ (4H) and slidably connected to the guide rail Ⅱ (4K) through the slider Ⅱ, one end of the positioning hook (4L) is fixed to the hanging box (4J) and the other end extends forward and can rotatably support the lifting lug (21). The opening of the V-groove (321) of the lower V-shaped positioning block (32) faces upward, and the V-shaped platform of the upper V-shaped positioning block (34) abuts against the positioning surface of the V-groove (321) of the lower V-shaped positioning block (32). The base positioning block (35) has a positioning surface I corresponding to the mating surface of the worktable (2) on the side facing the worktable (2). The clamping rod (38) extends into the cavity (311) at one end away from the linear clamping module (37) and has an inclined surface I facing the positioning surface I at the top. The clamping positioning block (36) has a positioning surface II on one side that can abut against the positioning surface I of the base positioning block (35). The clamping positioning block (36) has an inclined surface II on the other side away from the positioning surface II that can abut against the inclined surface I of the clamping rod (38). The angle between the inclined surface I and the inclined surface II and the vertical direction is 15 to 30°. The working surface of the V-groove (321) and the positioning surface I of the base positioning block (35) are respectively provided with a number of air blowing holes (39) connected to the air supply system. The contact area between the V-groove (321) and the working surface of the V-shaped table is not less than 60%. The contact area between the positioning surface I and the positioning surface II of the base positioning block (35) with the pressure sensor on the air supply pipeline is not less than 60%. The air blowing holes (39) on the V-groove (321) are connected to the air supply system and the pipeline is provided with pressure sensors. At least two air blowing holes (39) of the base positioning blocks (35) on the bottom surface of the upper crossbeam and / or the top surface of the lower crossbeam of the cavity (311) are connected to the air supply system and the pipeline is provided with pressure sensors.

2. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that... The linear clamping module (37) further includes a clamping cylinder (371), a guide sleeve (372), a guide key (373), a clamping seat (374), and a pressing end cap (375). The clamping seat (374) is fixedly installed in the beam of the support frame (31) on the side of the cavity (311). The clamping cylinder (371) is fixedly connected to the clamping seat (374). The guide sleeve (372) is slidably installed in the inner hole of the stepped hole of the clamping cylinder (371). The pressing end cap (375) is detachably fixedly installed in the clamping cylinder (371). The outer hole of the stepped hole abuts against the guide sleeve (372). The clamping rod (38) is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the clamping cylinder (371). The guide sleeve (372) is fixedly connected to the support frame (31). The clamping rod (38) passes through the through hole of the pressing end cover (375) and slides through the guide sleeve (372). The inner wall of the guide sleeve (372) is provided with a guide groove extending along the axial direction. The guide key (373) is detachably fixed on the clamping rod (38) and slides in cooperation with the guide groove of the guide sleeve (372).

3. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that... The positioning and clamping mechanism (3) further includes a guide unit and position detection switches respectively disposed on the columns on both sides of the cavity (311). The guide unit includes guide slide plate I (3A) and guide slide plate II (3B). The guide slide plate I (3A) is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the columns on both sides of the cavity (311) and the sliding surface is perpendicular to the working surface of the worktable (2). The guide slide plate II (3B) is fixedly disposed on the two side walls of the worktable (2) and corresponds to the guide slide plate I (3A). The guide slide plate II (3B) is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the columns on both sides of the cavity (311) and the sliding surface is perpendicular to the working surface of the worktable (2). The lateral spacing of the sliding surface of plate I (3A) is not less than the lateral spacing of the mating surfaces of the guide slide plate II (3B) on both sides of the workbench (2); the position detection switch includes a probe mounting base (3C) and a probe (3D). The probe mounting base (3C) is fixedly installed on the upper and / or lower parts of the columns on both sides of the cavity (311). The probe (3D) is installed on the probe mounting base (3C) and extends vertically toward the working surface of the workbench (2). The two sides of the workbench (2) are fixedly provided with probe limiting plates (3E) corresponding to the probe (3D).

4. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that... The vertical servo unit and the horizontal servo unit are electrically connected to the control system. The two sides of the worktable (2) facing the left truss (43) and the right truss (44) are respectively vertically fixed with outwardly extending lugs (21) near the front and rear ends. The lugs (21) are cylindrical or conical and their axes are perpendicular to the two sides of the worktable (2). The middle of the lugs (21) is coaxially provided with a conical annular groove (22) that is larger on the outside and smaller on the inside. The positioning flip plate (47) and the positioning hook (4L) are respectively provided with grooves with open tops. The grooves are semi-circular grooves and their diameters are 3 to 10 mm larger than the bottom diameter of the conical annular groove (22). The width of the grooves is 0 to 5 mm larger than the width of the conical annular groove (22). The grooves at the top of the positioning flip plate (47) and the positioning hook (4L) can rotate to support the conical annular groove (22) of the lugs (21).

5. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that... The Y-axis servo assembly includes a rack (4C), a gear, a servo motor I (4D), and a reducer I. The rack (4C) is horizontally fixed to the inner sides of the left crossbeam (45) and the right crossbeam (46) and parallel to the guide rail I (4A). The servo motor I (4D) and the reducer I are fixedly mounted on the slide plate III (4B). The motor shaft of the servo motor I (4D) is connected to the input shaft of the reducer I. The gear is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the reducer I and meshes with the rack (4C). The upper and lower sides of the inner sides of the left crossbeam (45) and the right crossbeam (46) are... A stepped groove (48) is horizontally provided. The stepped groove (48) is a two-level groove, and the depth of the lower groove is less than that of the upper groove. The bottom of the guide rail I (4A) is embedded in the lower groove of the stepped groove (48). The lower end face of the guide rail I (4A) abuts against the lower step surface of the lower groove of the stepped groove (48). A pressure block (49) is fixed in the upper groove of the stepped groove (48) with screws. The lower end face of the pressure block (49) abuts against the upper end face of the guide rail I (4A). The upper part of the slide plate III (4B) is fixedly provided with slider I that is slidably connected to the two guide rails I (4A).

6. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that... The Z-axis servo component includes a servo motor II (4E) and a reducer II (4F). The reducer II (4F) is fixedly mounted on the top of the slide plate III (4B) and its output shaft is connected to the top of the lead screw I (4H). The servo motor II (4E) is fixedly mounted on the top or side of the reducer II (4F). The motor shaft of the servo motor II (4E) is connected to the input shaft of the reducer II (4F). The inner side of the slide plate Ⅲ (4B) is also provided with an anti-sway support unit (4N). The anti-sway support unit (4N) includes a support arm (4N1) and a support wheel (4N2). The proximal end of the support arm (4N1) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slide plate Ⅲ (4B) and the distal end extends in the direction of the positioning hook (4L). The support wheel (4N2) is rotatably disposed at the distal end of the support arm (4N1) and the wheel rim protrudes from the support arm (4N1). The support wheel (4N2) can roll against the rear end face of the worktable (2).

7. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that... The spindle system (5) includes a spindle box (51), a slide assembly (52), an A / C oscillating head (53), a linear drive unit (54), a spindle support (5A), an X-axis feed mechanism (5B), and a Z-axis feed mechanism (5C). The spindle support (5A) is vertically mounted on the base (1). The spindle box (51) is slidably mounted in a slot extending through the front and rear ends of the spindle support (5A). The X-axis feed mechanism (5B) is fixed to the bottom and / or top of the spindle support (5A) to control the spindle support (5A) to move along the X-axis. The Z-axis feed mechanism (5C) is located on one side of the spindle support (5A) to control the spindle box (51) to move along the Z-axis. A horizontal square channel (511) is provided through the middle of the spindle box (51) along the length direction. A Y-down slider (55) is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the square channel (511) near the four corners. A support channel (512) is provided on both sides of the top surface of the square channel (511) through the top wall. A Y-up slider (56) is provided on both sides of the upper part of the square channel (511). The upper part of the Y-up slider (56) passes through the support channel (512). The top of the Y-up slider (56) is detachably fixedly connected to the top of the spindle box (51). The slide assembly (52) includes a slide (521), which is a cuboid structure and slides through a square channel (511). The A / C swing head (53) is fixedly installed at the front end of the slide (521). Two Y-down guide rails (522) are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the slide (521) along the length direction. Two Y-up guide rails (523) are fixedly installed on the top surface of the slide (521) along the length direction. The two Y-down guide rails (522) on the bottom surface of the slide (521) are slidably engaged with the Y-down sliders (55) at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square channel (511). The two Y-up guide rails (523) on the top surface of the slide (521) are slidably engaged with the Y-up sliders (56) on both sides of the top surface of the square channel (511). The linear drive unit (54) is located behind the spindle box (51). The drive body (541) of the linear drive unit (54) is fixedly connected to the slide (521), and the drive end (542) of the linear drive unit (54) is fixedly connected to the spindle box (51).

8. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that... The Y-axis upward slider (56) includes an upper slider (561) and a support body (562). The support body (562) is a cuboid or cylindrical structure and moves through the support channel (512). The upper slider (561) is located at the upper part of the square channel (511). A flange (5621) is provided at the upper part of the support body (562). The top of the spindle box (51) is provided with screw holes I around the support channel (512). The support body (562) is fixedly connected to the spindle box (51) by screws I that pass through through holes I (5622) on the flange (5621) and engage with screw holes I. The top of the upper slider (561) is provided with multiple screw holes II at intervals. The support body (562) is provided with multiple through holes III (5623) that pass through both the upper and lower ends at intervals. The support body (562) is fixedly connected to the upper slider (561) by screws II that pass through through holes III (5623) and engage with screw holes II.

9. The flip-plate horizontal machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that... The bottom surface of the square channel (511) near the front and rear ends of the two side walls is provided with stepped grooves I (513) and II (514) extending along the length, respectively. Both stepped grooves I (513) and II (514) are two-level grooves, and the groove depth on the side wall side is less than the groove depth on the center side. The Y-shaped downward sliders (55) on both sides of the square channel (511) are detachably fixed in the grooves on the side wall side of stepped grooves I (513) and II (514), respectively. The side of the Y-shaped downward slider (55) in stepped groove I (513) extends to the inner groove on the center side. Inside, the stepped groove I (513) is provided with mutually cooperating wedges I (57) and wedges II (58) in the groove on the center side. The stepped groove I (513) is provided with two rows of screw holes III at intervals in the groove on the center side. The wedges I (57) and wedges II (58) are provided with at least two through holes II along the length direction. The wedges I (57) and wedges II (58) are fixedly connected to the stepped groove I (513) by screws III that pass through the through holes II and mesh with the screw holes III. The side surface of the wedges I (57) abuts against the side of the Y downward slider (55) on the center side. The bottom surface of the square channel (511) is provided with an intermediate groove (515) that runs through both the front and rear ends between the stepped groove I (513) and the stepped groove II (514). The linear drive unit (54) is located at the bottom of the slide (521) behind the spindle box (51). The drive body (541) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide (521), and the drive end (542) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the intermediate groove (515).

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