A process for multi-color inline printing of touch screen cover

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of touch screen cover plate multicolor connection printing processes, comprising the following steps: using design software design the pattern of touch screen cover plate, prepare suitable substrate, prepare nanoparticle deposition ink, print the conductive pattern of bottom layer on substrate surface, accurate alignment is carried out to the conductive pattern of bottom layer of inkjet printing, the printed conductive pattern of bottom layer is heat treated, color pattern is printed on the conductive pattern of bottom layer, thin layer of conductive is deposited on the color pattern of jet printing, heat treatment and solidification.The application adopts nanoparticle deposition technology and inkjet printing technology, can realize higher resolution, richer color selection and more delicate pattern performance, the conductive coating prepared by nanoparticle deposition technology has good adhesion and durability, because nanoparticle can form uniform, dense coating structure on substrate surface, and is closely combined with substrate surface, so as to improve the adhesion and durability of coating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic manufacturing, specifically to a process for multi-color line printing on a touch screen cover. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization and diversification of electronic products, touch screen technology has become one of the core functions of many devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and car navigation systems. As the outer protective layer of the touch screen, the touch screen cover not only needs to have good visual effects and touch sensing functions, but also needs to be durable and stable. Therefore, manufacturing high-quality touch screen covers has become one of the important tasks of the electronics manufacturing industry.

[0003] Traditional touchscreen cover manufacturing processes involve printing techniques using monochrome or limited colors, which restricts the complexity of patterns and the richness of colors. In order to meet the market's demand for richer and more personalized touchscreen products, new processes are constantly emerging, including multi-color inline printing technology for touchscreen covers.

[0004] Traditional multi-color inline printing processes suffer from problems such as misalignment and inaccurate pattern overlap during printing, which can easily lead to a decline in printing quality and affect printing quality and consistency, especially in the case of complex patterns and multi-color overprinting. Therefore, it is necessary to design a multi-color inline printing process for touch screen cover plates. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a process for multi-color line printing of touch screen cover plates to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A process for multi-color inline printing on a touchscreen cover includes the following steps:

[0008] Step S1, Design Pattern: Use computer-aided design software to design the pattern of the touch screen cover, including various touch areas, icons, and text;

[0009] Step S2, Prepare substrate: Prepare a suitable substrate and clean the substrate.

[0010] Step S3, Preparation of nanoparticle deposition ink: Preparation of nanoparticle deposition ink containing the desired metal or conductive material;

[0011] Step S4, Inkjet printing of the underlying conductive pattern: Using inkjet printing technology, the underlying conductive pattern is printed on the surface of the substrate.

[0012] Step S5, visual alignment: Using a visual alignment system, a camera and image processing software are used to accurately align the underlying conductive pattern of the inkjet print to ensure the accurate superposition of subsequent patterns.

[0013] Step S6, heat treatment of the underlying pattern: heat treatment is performed on the printed underlying conductive pattern to cure the ink and improve its conductivity.

[0014] Step S7, Inkjet printing of the upper color pattern: Using inkjet printing technology, a color pattern is printed on top of the bottom conductive pattern;

[0015] Step S8, Nanoparticle Deposition of Conductive Coating: Using nanoparticle deposition technology, a thin conductive layer is deposited on the printed color pattern.

[0016] Step S9, heat treatment and curing: The printed color pattern and conductive coating are heat treated and cured to enhance their adhesion and durability.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, during the pattern design stage, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, or Adobe Illustrator software is used to create a pattern for the touchscreen cover, including determining the position of each touch area and drawing icons and text.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, preparing the substrate is a key step to ensure the smooth progress of the printing process. At this stage, an appropriate substrate material is selected, such as glass, plastic or flexible substrate, and its surface is cleaned to facilitate the adhesion of printing ink.

[0019] Use a vacuum cleaner or ultrasonic cleaner to thoroughly remove dust and debris from the substrate surface, and use appropriate cleaning agents and solvents, including isopropanol, acetone or ethanol, to wipe the substrate surface to remove oil, fingerprints and other contaminants.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the nanoparticle deposition ink is a special ink containing tiny metal or conductive material particles. These particles are prepared by suspending them in a solvent and adding specific additives to ensure that they can be uniformly distributed on the substrate surface.

[0021] The steps for preparing nanoparticle deposition ink are as follows:

[0022] Select conductive coating nanoparticles, including silver, copper and gold, and select ethanol, acetone or isopropanol solvent.

[0023] Polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to stabilize the dispersion of nanoparticles and improve the adhesion and optical properties of the coating. The mixture was treated with an ultrasonic device to ensure that the nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the solvent and to prevent particle agglomeration.

[0024] Depending on the required conductivity and printing conditions, the concentration of nanoparticles is adjusted, typically between 0.1% and 5%. The particle size of the nanoparticles is controlled to ensure uniform particle size, typically between 10 and 100 nm. Depending on the requirements of the inkjet printing equipment, the viscosity of the ink is adjusted by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, or polyacrylate. The pH value of the ink is then adjusted to ensure compatibility between the ink and the inkjet printhead material and to improve printing stability.

[0025] The ink is filtered using a microporous membrane to remove impurities and particle agglomerates, ensuring the purity and stability of the ink. The prepared nanoparticle deposited ink is then subjected to performance tests, including conductivity, viscosity, and stability, to ensure that it meets printing requirements.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S4, during the inkjet printing of the underlying conductive pattern stage, the inkjet printhead sprays conductive ink onto the substrate surface to form the desired conductive pattern. The pattern can be a circuit line, a sensor, or any other structure with a required conductive function.

[0027] Formula for printing speed of conductive patterns on the inkjet printing substrate:

[0028] (v=\frac{d}{t});

[0029] Where (v) represents the printing speed, (d) represents the distance the printhead moves, and (t) represents the time required for the movement. During the inkjet printing of the underlying conductive pattern, the printhead's moving speed and position need to be determined according to the shape and size of the desired pattern to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the pattern.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S5, the visual alignment system uses a camera and image processing software to monitor and analyze the underlying conductive pattern of the inkjet print in real time. By comparing the preset ideal pattern with the actual pattern, the system can adjust the printhead position to ensure accurate alignment.

[0031] The Euclidean distance formula used for visual alignment:

[0032] (d=\sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2});

[0033] Where (d) represents the distance between two points, (x_1,y_1) represents the coordinates of one point, and (x_2,y_2) represents the coordinates of the other point. During visual alignment, the position of the nozzle can be adjusted by comparing the Euclidean distance between the expected position and the actual position to achieve alignment accuracy.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S6, during the heat treatment of the underlying pattern stage, the printed conductive pattern is placed in a heat treatment device to cure the ink and improve its conductivity through high-temperature treatment, which helps to enhance the adhesion and durability of the pattern.

[0035] The heat conduction equation used for the heat treatment substrate pattern:

[0036] (q=-k\frac{\Delta T}{\Delta x});

[0037] Where (q) represents the heat transfer per unit time, (k) represents the thermal conductivity of the material, (\Delta T) represents the temperature difference, and (\Deltax) represents the distance of heat conduction. During the heat treatment of the underlying pattern, the heat conduction rate is calculated according to the heat conduction equation, and the required heating time and temperature can be determined to ensure ink curing and improve conductivity.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S7, the process of printing the upper colored pattern by inkjet printing is similar to that of printing the lower conductive pattern, except that the ink used by the printhead is colored ink. By controlling the movement of the inkjet printhead and the ink jetting, the desired colored pattern can be printed on top of the lower conductive pattern.

[0039] Furthermore, in step S8, at this stage, a conductive thin layer is deposited on the printed color pattern using nanoparticle deposition technology. This layer will serve as a conductive medium, enabling the color pattern to have touch functionality.

[0040] Formula for coating thickness when depositing conductive coatings with nanoparticles:

[0041] (t = \frac{V}{A});

[0042] Where (t) represents the thickness of the coating, (V) represents the volume of the coating, and (A) represents the surface area of ​​the coating. During the deposition of conductive coatings by nanoparticles, the thickness of the coating can be calculated based on the volume and surface area of ​​the coating, which can ensure that the required conductivity is achieved.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S9, the final step, in the heat treatment and curing stage, involves heat treatment and curing of the printed color pattern and conductive coating, which helps to enhance the adhesion and durability of the pattern, while improving the overall quality and stability of the product.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] 1. This invention employs nanoparticle deposition technology and inkjet printing technology, which can achieve higher resolution, richer color selection and more refined pattern representation. The conductive coating prepared by nanoparticle deposition technology has good adhesion and durability because nanoparticles can form a uniform and dense coating structure on the substrate surface and are tightly bonded to the substrate surface, thereby improving the adhesion and durability of the coating.

[0046] 2. This invention uses a visual alignment system, which can monitor and adjust the position of the inkjet printed pattern in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of the pattern. The visual alignment system can detect and correct any deviations, ensuring accurate alignment between different layers, thus producing more refined and accurate printed materials. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow for multi-color line printing of a touch screen cover plate according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0050] A process for multi-color inline printing on a touchscreen cover includes the following steps:

[0051] Step S1, Design Pattern: Use computer-aided design software to design the pattern of the touch screen cover, including various touch areas, icons, and text;

[0052] Preferably, during the pattern design phase, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, or Adobe Illustrator software is used to create a pattern for the touchscreen cover, including determining the location of each touch area and drawing icons and text.

[0053] Step S2, Prepare substrate: Prepare a suitable substrate and clean the substrate.

[0054] Preferably, preparing the substrate is a key step to ensure the smooth progress of the printing process. At this stage, an appropriate substrate material, such as glass, plastic or flexible substrate, is selected and its surface is cleaned to facilitate the adhesion of printing ink.

[0055] Specifically, use a vacuum cleaner or ultrasonic cleaner to thoroughly remove dust and debris from the substrate surface, and use appropriate cleaning agents and solvents, including isopropanol, acetone or ethanol, to wipe the substrate surface to remove oil, fingerprints and other contaminants.

[0056] Step S3, Preparation of nanoparticle deposition ink: Preparation of nanoparticle deposition ink containing the desired metal or conductive material;

[0057] Preferably, the nanoparticle deposition ink is a special ink containing tiny metal or conductive material particles, which are prepared by suspending them in a solvent and adding specific additives to ensure that they can be uniformly distributed on the substrate surface.

[0058] Specifically, the steps for preparing nanoparticle-deposited ink are as follows:

[0059] Select conductive coating nanoparticles, including silver, copper and gold, and select ethanol, acetone or isopropanol solvent.

[0060] Polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to stabilize the dispersion of nanoparticles and improve the adhesion and optical properties of the coating. The mixture was treated with an ultrasonic device to ensure that the nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the solvent and to prevent particle agglomeration.

[0061] Depending on the required conductivity and printing conditions, the concentration of nanoparticles is adjusted, typically between 0.1% and 5%. The particle size of the nanoparticles is controlled to ensure uniform particle size, typically between 10 and 100 nm. Depending on the requirements of the inkjet printing equipment, the viscosity of the ink is adjusted by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, or polyacrylate. The pH value of the ink is then adjusted to ensure compatibility between the ink and the inkjet printhead material and to improve printing stability.

[0062] The ink is filtered using a microporous membrane to remove impurities and particle agglomerates, ensuring the purity and stability of the ink. The prepared nanoparticle deposited ink is then subjected to performance tests, including conductivity, viscosity, and stability, to ensure that it meets printing requirements.

[0063] Using the aforementioned nanoparticle deposition ink, when printing conductive patterns or conductive coatings, the nanoparticles provide excellent conductivity, ensuring that the printed circuit lines or sensors have stable and reliable conductivity. Due to the extremely small size of the nanoparticles, the use of nanoparticle deposition ink can achieve very fine pattern resolution, meaning that when printing colored patterns or conductive coatings, higher resolution and detail can be achieved, thereby improving the visual quality and touch sensing accuracy of the product. After being prepared by a special process, the nanoparticle deposition ink ensures that the particles are uniformly dispersed in the solvent, and specific additives are added to prevent particle agglomeration or precipitation, so that the ink can be uniformly distributed on the substrate surface during the printing or coating process, ensuring the uniformity and consistency of the printed pattern. The conductive coating prepared by nanoparticle deposition technology has good adhesion and durability because the nanoparticles can form a uniform and dense coating structure on the substrate surface, tightly bonding with the substrate surface, thereby improving the adhesion and durability of the coating.

[0064] Step S4, Inkjet printing of the underlying conductive pattern: Using inkjet printing technology, the underlying conductive pattern is printed on the surface of the substrate.

[0065] Preferably, in the inkjet printing stage of the underlying conductive pattern, the inkjet printhead sprays conductive ink onto the substrate surface to form the desired conductive pattern. The pattern can be a circuit, sensor, or any other structure that requires conductive function.

[0066] Specifically, the formula for the printing speed of the conductive pattern on the inkjet printing substrate is as follows:

[0067] (v=\frac{d}{t});

[0068] Where (v) represents the printing speed, (d) represents the distance the printhead moves, and (t) represents the time required for the movement. During the inkjet printing of the underlying conductive pattern, the printhead's moving speed and position need to be determined according to the shape and size of the desired pattern to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the pattern.

[0069] Step S5, visual alignment: Using a visual alignment system, a camera and image processing software are used to accurately align the underlying conductive pattern of the inkjet print to ensure the accurate superposition of subsequent patterns.

[0070] Preferably, the vision alignment system uses a camera and image processing software to monitor and analyze the underlying conductive pattern of the inkjet print in real time. By comparing the pre-set ideal pattern with the actual pattern, the system can adjust the printhead position to ensure accurate alignment.

[0071] Specifically, the Euclidean distance formula used for visual alignment is:

[0072] (d=\sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2});

[0073] Where (d) represents the distance between two points, (x_1,y_1) represents the coordinates of one point, and (x_2,y_2) represents the coordinates of the other point. During visual alignment, the position of the nozzle can be adjusted by comparing the Euclidean distance between the expected position and the actual position to achieve alignment accuracy.

[0074] In this embodiment, the visual alignment system consists of several cameras, an image processing module, a calibration board, and a motion control system. The visual alignment system uses cameras to capture visual information of a target object or image. The cameras can be ordinary digital cameras, industrial cameras, or dedicated vision sensors. The image processing software is responsible for processing and analyzing the images captured by the cameras. The image processing software includes various image processing algorithms, such as edge detection, feature extraction, and pattern matching, to extract the required features and information from the images. Before performing visual alignment, the system needs to be calibrated to ensure that the image processing software can accurately understand the images captured by the cameras. This can be achieved by using a calibration board or adding markers with known positions on the target object. In some applications, the visual alignment system may need to work in conjunction with a motion control system to adjust and calibrate the position of the object being detected. The motion control system can be a robotic arm, a conveyor belt, or other types of automated equipment.

[0075] Specifically, firstly, the system captures visual information of the target object or image using a camera and converts it into a digital image. The acquired image undergoes preprocessing, including denoising, grayscale conversion, and edge enhancement, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of subsequent image processing. After preprocessing, the image processing software uses various algorithms to extract features from the image. These features can be edges, corners, lines, or other recognizable image patterns. Next, the extracted features are compared with templates pre-entered into the system, or machine learning algorithms are used for pattern recognition. Based on the pattern matching results, the system calibrates and adjusts the target object to ensure its position and posture match the expected values. Finally, the system provides feedback based on the actual situation and controls the system to achieve the required alignment accuracy and stability, including adjusting the camera's focal length and exposure parameters, or adjusting the motion trajectory of the motion control system based on the detection results.

[0076] Step S6, heat treatment of the underlying pattern: heat treatment is performed on the printed underlying conductive pattern to cure the ink and improve its conductivity.

[0077] Preferably, in the heat treatment of the underlying pattern stage, the printed conductive pattern is placed in a heat treatment device to cure the ink and improve its conductivity through high-temperature treatment, which helps to enhance the adhesion and durability of the pattern.

[0078] Specifically, the heat conduction equation used for the heat treatment of the underlying pattern is as follows:

[0079] (q=-kfracDelta TDeltax});

[0080] Where (q) represents the heat transfer per unit time, (k) represents the thermal conductivity of the material, (\Delta T) represents the temperature difference, and (\Deltax) represents the distance of heat conduction. During the heat treatment of the underlying pattern, the heat conduction rate is calculated according to the heat conduction equation, and the required heating time and temperature can be determined to ensure ink curing and improve conductivity.

[0081] Step S7, Inkjet printing of the upper color pattern: Using inkjet printing technology, a color pattern is printed on top of the bottom conductive pattern;

[0082] Preferably, the process of printing the upper colored pattern with inkjet is similar to that of printing the lower conductive pattern, except that the ink used by the printhead is colored ink. By controlling the movement of the inkjet printhead and the ink jetting, the desired colored pattern can be printed on top of the lower conductive pattern.

[0083] Step S8, Nanoparticle Deposition of Conductive Coating: Using nanoparticle deposition technology, a thin conductive layer is deposited on the printed color pattern.

[0084] Preferably, at this stage, nanoparticle deposition technology is used to deposit a conductive thin layer on the printed color pattern. This layer will act as a conductive medium, enabling the color pattern to have touch functionality.

[0085] Specifically, the formula for the coating thickness used in nanoparticle deposition of conductive coatings is as follows:

[0086] (t = \frac{V}{A});

[0087] Where (t) represents the thickness of the coating, (V) represents the volume of the coating, and (A) represents the surface area of ​​the coating. During the deposition of conductive coatings by nanoparticles, the thickness of the coating can be calculated based on the volume and surface area of ​​the coating, which can ensure that the required conductivity is achieved.

[0088] Step S9, heat treatment and curing: The printed color pattern and conductive coating are heat treated and cured to enhance their adhesion and durability.

[0089] Preferably, in the final heat treatment and curing stage, heat treatment and curing of the printed color pattern and conductive coating helps to enhance the adhesion and durability of the pattern, while improving the overall quality and stability of the product.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A process for multi-color continuous line printing of a touch screen cover plate, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, designing the pattern: using computer-aided design software to design the pattern of the touch screen cover plate, including various touch areas, icons and text; Step S2, preparing the substrate: preparing a suitable substrate and cleaning the substrate; Step S3, preparing the nanoparticle deposition ink: preparing a nanoparticle deposition ink containing the required metal or conductive material; Step S4, inkjet printing the bottom conductive pattern: using inkjet printing technology to print the bottom conductive pattern on the surface of the substrate; Step S5, visual alignment: using a visual alignment system, through a camera and image processing software, to achieve accurate alignment of the inkjet-printed bottom conductive pattern, to ensure accurate superposition of the subsequent pattern; Step S6, heat treating the bottom pattern: heat treating the printed bottom conductive pattern to solidify the ink and improve the conductive performance; Step S7, inkjet printing the upper color pattern: using inkjet printing technology to print a color pattern on top of the bottom conductive pattern; Step S8, nanoparticle deposition of the conductive coating: using nanoparticle deposition technology to deposit a thin layer of conductive coating on the inkjet-printed color pattern; Step S9, heat treatment and curing: heat treating and curing the printed color pattern and conductive coating to enhance their adhesion and durability; In step S1, during the pattern design stage, AutoCAD, SolidWorks or Adobe Illustrator software is used to create the pattern of the touch screen cover plate, including determining the positions of various touch areas, drawing icons and text; In step S2, preparing the substrate is a key step to ensure the smooth progress of the printing process. In this stage, appropriate substrate materials are selected, such as glass, plastic or flexible substrate, and the surface is cleaned to facilitate the adhesion of the printing ink; A vacuum cleaner or ultrasonic cleaning machine is used to thoroughly remove dust and debris from the surface of the substrate, and appropriate cleaning agents and solvents, including isopropyl alcohol, acetone or ethanol, are used to wipe the surface of the substrate to remove oil, fingerprints and other contaminants; In step S3, the nanoparticle deposition ink is a special ink containing tiny metal or conductive material particles, which are prepared by suspending in a solvent and adding specific additives to ensure uniform distribution on the surface of the substrate; The steps for preparing the nanoparticle deposition ink are as follows: Selecting conductive coating nanoparticles, including silver, copper and gold, and selecting ethanol, acetone or isopropyl alcohol solvent; Adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to stabilize the dispersion state of the nanoparticles and improve the adhesion and optical properties of the coating, and using ultrasonic equipment to treat the mixture to ensure uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the solvent and prevent particle agglomeration; According to the required conductive properties and printing conditions, adjust the concentration of nanoparticles between 0.1% and 5%, control the particle size of nanoparticles to ensure uniform particle size between 10 and 100 nm, adjust the viscosity of the ink by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylate according to the requirements of the inkjet printing equipment, and adjust the pH value of the ink to ensure compatibility of the ink with the inkjet printhead material and improve the printing stability; Use a microporous filter to filter the ink to remove impurities and particle agglomeration, ensure the purity and stability of the ink, and test the performance of the prepared nanoparticle deposition ink, including conductivity, viscosity and stability, to ensure that it meets the printing requirements; In step S4, during the inkjet printing of the bottom conductive pattern, the inkjet printhead sprays conductive ink onto the surface of the substrate to form the required conductive pattern, which can be a circuit, a sensor or any other required conductive functional structure; The printing speed formula for inkjet printing of the bottom conductive pattern is: ； where (v) represents the printing speed, (d) represents the distance moved by the printhead, and (t) represents the time required for movement. During the process of inkjet printing of the bottom conductive pattern, the movement speed of the printhead and the position of the printhead need to be determined according to the shape and size of the required pattern to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the pattern; In step S5, the visual alignment system uses a camera and image processing software to monitor and analyze the inkjet-printed bottom conductive pattern in real time, and by comparing the pre-set ideal pattern with the actual pattern, the system can adjust the position of the printhead to ensure accurate alignment; The Euclidean distance formula for visual alignment is: ； where (d) represents the distance between two points, (x_1, y_1) represents the coordinates of one point, and (x_2, y_2) represents the coordinates of another point. During the visual alignment process, the Euclidean distance between the expected position and the actual position can be used to adjust the position of the printhead to achieve alignment accuracy; In step S6, during the heat treatment of the bottom pattern, the printed conductive pattern is placed in a heat treatment device to solidify the ink and improve its conductivity through high temperature treatment, which helps to enhance the adhesion and durability of the pattern; The heat conduction equation for heat treatment of the bottom pattern is: ； where (q) represents the heat transfer per unit time, (k) represents the thermal conductivity of the material, (\Delta T) represents the temperature difference, and (\Delta x) represents the distance of heat conduction. During the heat treatment of the bottom pattern, the heat conduction rate can be calculated according to the heat conduction equation to determine the required heating time and temperature to ensure the solidification of the ink and improve the conductivity; In step S7, the process of inkjet printing of the upper color pattern is similar to that of printing the bottom conductive pattern, except that the ink used by the printhead is color ink. By controlling the movement of the inkjet printhead and the spraying of the ink, the required color pattern can be printed on top of the bottom conductive pattern. In the step S8, at this stage, a thin layer of conductive material is deposited on the printed color pattern using the nanoparticle deposition technique, which will serve as a conductive medium to make the color pattern touch-enabled; Coating thickness formula for nanoparticle deposition of conductive coating: ； Where (t) represents the thickness of the coating, (V) represents the volume of the coating, and (A) represents the surface area of the coating. During the process of nanoparticle deposition of conductive coating, the thickness of the coating can be calculated based on the volume and surface area of the coating to ensure the desired conductive performance. In the step S9, finally, the printed color pattern and conductive coating are subjected to heat treatment and curing during the heat treatment and curing stage, which helps to enhance the adhesion and durability of the pattern, as well as improve the overall product quality and stability.

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