A solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station and hydrogen storage control method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy application, and discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station, including a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, a first hydrogen storage tank, a second hydrogen storage tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group, a first-level boosting device, a second-level boosting device, a pressure reducing valve, a chiller, a hydrogenator, and a hydrogen exchanger; the hydrogen of the hydrogen source is stored in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group after passing through the first-level boosting device, the first hydrogen storage tank, and the pressure reducing valve; the hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group after passing through the second-level boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank, and the second-level boosting device; the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group supplies cold hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogenator, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group recovers hot hydrogen from the hydrogenated solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen exchanger. This hydrogenation station uses solid-state hydrogen storage as the main hydrogen energy storage method, has the advantages of high safety and high volume density, and is compatible with the current 35Mpa hydrogenation station storage tank system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid-state hydrogen storage, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station and a hydrogen storage control method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean energy for the 21st century. An important application area of ​​hydrogen energy is the "hydrogen-electricity" direction. Hydrogen energy can be stored in the form of high-pressure gas, low-temperature liquid, organic liquid, metal (non-metal) solid, etc. Various hydrogen storage forms correspond to their respective hydrogen energy application areas.

[0003] Existing hydrogen refueling stations are still mainly high-pressure stations, which are used to refuel various high-pressure tank hydrogen energy vehicles or storage and transportation equipment. Such hydrogen refueling stations are generally located in suburbs, which seriously restricts the popularization of hydrogen energy.

[0004] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is mainly based on the hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics of certain substances and the heat exchange phenomenon accompanying the hydrogen absorption and desorption process. Compared with high-pressure hydrogen storage, it has the advantages of high safety and high volume density. It is one of the most promising hydrogen storage technologies for promoting hydrogen energy in urban built-up areas, and supporting hydrogen refueling stations are urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station, which uses a high-safety, high-volume density solid-state hydrogen storage device in conjunction with a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank as hydrogen storage equipment, and is suitable for building a high-safety and economical hydrogenation station in urban built-up areas.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station, comprising a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, a first hydrogen storage tank, a second hydrogen storage tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group, a first-level boosting device, a second-level boosting device, a second-level boosting device, a pressure reducing valve, a chiller, a hydrogenator and a hydrogen exchanger;

[0008] The first-stage boosting device, the first hydrogen storage tank, the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the hydrogen gas of the hydrogen source is stored in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group after passing through the first-stage boosting device, the first hydrogen storage tank and the pressure reducing valve;

[0009] The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, the second first-stage boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank, the second-stage boosting device and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group through the second first-stage boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank and the second-stage boosting device;

[0010] The hydrogenator is connected to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group; the hydrogen exchanger is connected to the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group; the hydrogenator and the hydrogen exchanger are controlled by a hydrogen charging controller; under the control of the hydrogen charging controller, the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group supplies cold hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogenator, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group recovers hot hydrogen from the hydrogenated solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen exchanger;

[0011] The chiller is used to control the storage temperature of hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, the first hydrogen storage tank, the second hydrogen storage tank and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is also equipped with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller for controlling the hydrogen inlet and outlet valve groups of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is also equipped with a device identifier based on the tank group hydrogen storage material characteristics and device parameters, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller obtains the hydrogen storage material characteristics and device parameters of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group through the device identifier.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen filling machine includes a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve, a flow meter and a hydrogen filling gun connected in sequence; the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the pressure regulating valve, the solenoid valve, the flow meter and the hydrogen filling gun; the hydrogen exchange machine includes a hydrogen exchange gun, a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve and a flow meter connected in sequence, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the flow meter, the solenoid valve, the pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen exchange gun.

[0015] Furthermore, the first-stage boosting device is also connected to the second hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline; the hydrogen from the hydrogen source is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group through the first-stage boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank, and the second-stage boosting device.

[0016] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station is also provided with a hydrogen production device and a purification device for purifying the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device.

[0017] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station is also provided with a gas release column for connecting to a hydrogen tube bundle vehicle.

[0018] The present invention also provides a hydrogen storage control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station, and the technical solution is as follows:

[0019] A hydrogen storage control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station, applied to the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station as described above, comprising:

[0020] The hydrogen source slowly replenishes hydrogen to the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group through the first hydrogen storage tank: the hydrogen of the hydrogen source is pressurized by the first-stage pressurizing device and then enters the first hydrogen storage tank for storage; the first hydrogen storage tank reduces the temperature of the hydrogen in the tank to TempA under the action of the chiller; the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage tank after the temperature is reduced is reduced by the pressure reducing valve and then input into the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group based on solid hydrogen storage; the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group slowly absorbs hydrogen with the participation of the chiller;

[0021] The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group replenishes hydrogen to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank through the second hydrogen storage tank: the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group absorbs heat and releases hydrogen by heat exchange with the recovered hot hydrogen, and the pressure of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group gradually increases until it reaches P(x) during the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage material; a group of pressure regulating valves are arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, and when the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group reaches P(x), the valve is opened to release hydrogen with a temperature of TempB to the second hydrogen storage tank; the hot hydrogen released by the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group enters the second hydrogen storage tank through the first-stage boosting equipment, and the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced to TempA and the pressure is increased to P(y) under the action of the chiller, and then the hydrogen is introduced into the second-stage boosting equipment to increase the pressure to P(z) and sent to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group; after the hydrogen with a pressure of P(z) enters the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group, the hydrogen temperature is reduced to TempX for storage under the action of the chiller.

[0022] Furthermore, TempX is not higher than minus 20°C; the relationship between each temperature level is: TempX<TempA<TempB<the maximum hydrogen absorption temperature value of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group under the pressure of P(x)<80°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the method also includes a step of recovering hot hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, including: the hot hydrogen flowing out of the hydrogen exchanger flows into the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, and the hot hydrogen is heat-exchanged with the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes the step of adding hydrogen to and exchanging hydrogen for the fixed hydrogen storage device, including: connecting the hydrogenation gun of the hydrogenator to the hydrogen inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, connecting the hydrogen exchange gun in the hydrogen exchanger to the hydrogen outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen charging controller starts the hydrogenator to supply excess cold hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage device after receiving the command of the solid-state hydrogen storage device controller; and at the same time, starts the hydrogen exchanger to recover the hot hydrogen output by the solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0025] The present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0026] This solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station uses solid-state hydrogen storage as the main hydrogen energy storage method, and has the advantages of high safety and high volume density.

[0027] The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station adopts a circulation control method of charging cold hydrogen and recovering hot hydrogen to charge and exchange hydrogen. The hydrogenation process does not need to be cooled by heat exchange media such as cooling water. It has high heat exchange efficiency, short hydrogen charging time, simple device structure, and is conducive to commercial use.

[0028] It is compatible with the current 35Mpa hydrogen refueling station tank system, and can be built together with the current 35Mpa hydrogen refueling station to be shared by commercial and passenger cars, and can be used as an alternative to higher pressure hydrogen refueling stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station of the present invention.

[0030] Among them: 1, 2-hydrogen storage tanks; 3-hydrogen exchange buffer tank group; 4-low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group; 31-hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller; 51, 53-first-stage boosting equipment; 52-pressure reduction equipment; 54-second-stage boosting equipment; 61-hydrogen filling machine; 62-hydrogen exchange machine, 63-hydrogen charging controller; 70, 71, 72, 73-chillers; 81-purification device; 82-venting column; 9-solid-state hydrogen storage device; 91-solid-state hydrogen storage device controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To further illustrate various embodiments, the present invention provides drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, ordinary technicians in this field should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention.

[0032] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an embodiment of a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station.

[0034] In this embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station is composed of a hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 (solid medium pressure: 6Mpa), a hydrogen storage tank 1 (gas high pressure: 20Mpa), a hydrogen storage tank 2 (gas high pressure: 20Mpa), a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 (gas high pressure: 45Mpa), a first-level boosting device 51, 53, a pressure reducing valve 52, a second-level boosting device 54, a chiller 70, 71, 72, 73, a hydrogenator 61, a hydrogen exchanger 62, a hydrogen charging controller 63 and other equipment. Among them: the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3, the hydrogen storage tank 1, the hydrogen storage tank 2, the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4, the first-level boosting device 51, 53, the pressure reducing valve 52, the second-level boosting device 54, the chiller 70, 71, 72, 73 and other equipment constitute a hydrogen storage control system; the hydrogenator 61, the hydrogen exchanger 62, the hydrogen charging controller 63, the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3, the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 and the solid-state hydrogen storage device 9 for hydrogen charging and other equipment constitute a hydrogen charging control system.

[0035] The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 are main hydrogen storage devices. The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 adopts solid hydrogen storage, and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 adopts low-temperature gaseous hydrogen storage.

[0036] The primary boosting device 51 , the hydrogen storage tank 1 and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the hydrogen gas of the hydrogen source is stored in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 through the primary boosting device 51 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 .

[0037] The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3, the first-level boosting equipment 53, the hydrogen storage tank 2, the second-level boosting equipment 54 and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 after passing through the first-level boosting equipment 53, the hydrogen storage tank 2 and the second-level boosting equipment 54.

[0038] The first-stage boosting device 51 is also connected to the hydrogen storage tank 2 through a pipeline. The hydrogen from the hydrogen source passes through the first-stage boosting device 51, the hydrogen storage tank 2, and the second-stage boosting device 54 and is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4.

[0039] The hydrogen filling controller 63 is used to control the hydrogen filling machine 61 and the hydrogen exchange machine 62 to fill the solid hydrogen storage device 9 of the external hydrogen filling equipment (such as hydrogen energy passenger cars, etc.). Among them, the hydrogen filling pipeline of the hydrogen filling machine 61 includes equipment such as a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve, a flow meter and a hydrogen filling gun connected in sequence. The low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 is connected to the solid hydrogen storage device 9 through a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve, a flow meter, and a hydrogen filling gun to fill the solid hydrogen storage device 9 with cold hydrogen. The hydrogen exchange pipeline of the hydrogen exchange machine 62 includes equipment such as a hydrogen exchange gun, a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve and a flow meter connected in sequence. The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen storage device through a flow meter, a solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve and a hydrogen exchange gun to recover hot hydrogen from the solid hydrogen storage device 9.

[0040] The specific hydrogen filling process includes: connecting the hydrogenation gun of the hydrogenator 61 to the hydrogen inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 9, connecting the hydrogenation gun in the hydrogen exchanger 62 to the hydrogen outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogenation controller 63 starts the hydrogenator 61 to supply excess cold hydrogen (-40°C) to the solid-state hydrogen storage device after receiving the command of the solid-state hydrogen storage device controller 91; and starts the hydrogen exchanger 62 to recover part of the hot hydrogen (30°C-60°C) from the solid-state hydrogen storage device. In this way, part of the heat generated during the hydrogen filling process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 9 can be taken away, and the hydrogenation process can be cooled without using a heat exchange medium such as cooling water.

[0041] The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3, hydrogen storage tank 1, hydrogen storage tank 2 and low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 are all connected to chillers, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3, hydrogen storage tank 1, hydrogen storage tank 2 and low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 is cooled to a specified temperature by chillers 70, 71, 72, 73 respectively to meet the storage requirements of hydrogen under different conditions.

[0042] The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 can be stored in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 (tank group hydrogen storage temperature ≤ 20°C) at a slower speed after pressure reduction. Since the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 adopts solid hydrogen storage, it has high safety and high hydrogen storage density, which can improve the safety of the hydrogen refueling station, reduce the floor space of the hydrogen refueling station, and reduce the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0043] Based on the characteristics of solid-state hydrogen storage that generates heat during hydrogen charging and absorbs heat during hydrogen release, the hydrogen refueling method of passenger cars can be adjusted to cyclic hydrogen charging. The solid-state hydrogen storage device of the passenger car is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. When hydrogenating, cold hydrogen (-40°C) is added from the hydrogen inlet, and the heat released during the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device is recovered through the hydrogen outlet in the form of hot hydrogen (30°C-60°C) through the heat exchange of excess cold hydrogen. In this way, the heat dissipation speed of the solid-state hydrogen storage device of passenger cars and other equipment during the hydrogen charging process can be accelerated, the demand for water-cooling heat dissipation equipment during the hydrogen charging process can be eliminated, the equipment requirements for the hydrogen charging process are reduced, and the hydrogen charging speed is increased. At the same time, the heat recovered by the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 converts the solid hydrogen stored in the tank group into gaseous hydrogen and increases the temperature of the entire hydrogen exchange buffer tank group (from 20°C to no more than 40°C), thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0044] Regarding the hydrogen source, the hydrogen source of the solid hydrogen storage device hydrogenation station can be a hydrogen tube bundle vehicle, pipeline hydrogen, methanol, ammonia cracking, electrolysis of water and other in-station hydrogen production methods. The hydrogen source must meet the hydrogen standards for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications in the country where it is located. If the quality of the hydrogen source does not meet the standards, an independent purification device 81 must be installed in the station. The solid hydrogen storage device hydrogenation station can be equipped with a gas release column 82 connected to the hydrogen tube bundle vehicle.

[0045] The working process of the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station is as follows:

[0046] After the qualified hydrogen source is connected, the pressure is increased to 20Mpa by the first-level booster equipment 51 and enters the hydrogen storage tank 1 for storage. The hydrogen temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 1 is reduced to 4°C under the action of the chiller 71. The cooled hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 is reduced to 6Mpa by the pressure reducing valve 52 controlled by the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller 31 and then input into the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3. The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 slowly absorbs hydrogen with the participation of the chiller 70 (the temperature is controlled at 20°C).

[0047] The hot hydrogen (hydrogen temperature is about 30°C-60°C) flowing out of the hydrogen exchanger 62 controlled by the hydrogen charging controller 63 is input to the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3. The hot hydrogen exchanges heat with the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3, releasing the hydrogen stored in the solid hydrogen storage material, and the temperature of the buffer tank group 3 rises (the temperature value is related to the characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage material). During the dehydrogenation process of the solid hydrogen storage material, the pressure of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 will gradually rise until it reaches P(x) (the P(x) value can be obtained through the PCT function (hydrogen pressure-hydrogen concentration-temperature function) of the solid hydrogen storage material and the volume of gaseous hydrogen water, etc.), and a set of pressure regulating valves are set at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3. When the pressure reaches P(x), the valve is opened to release hydrogen with a temperature of about 40°C to the first-level boosting device 53. Under the action of the first-stage boosting device 53, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 2, and under the action of the chiller 72, the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced to 4°C, and then the hydrogen is introduced into the second-stage boosting device 54 to complete the second-stage boosting and sent to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4.

[0048] After the hydrogen enters the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4, the hydrogen temperature is reduced to -40°C for storage under the action of the chiller 73. When the hydrogenation gun is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 9, the hydrogen charging controller 63 starts to supply the cold hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 9 after receiving the command of the solid-state hydrogen storage device controller 91; at the same time, in order to control the heat generation of the solid-state hydrogen storage device during hydrogenation, the hydrogen charging controller 8 recovers the hot hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage device and stores it in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3.

[0049] In this embodiment, four sets of chillers are involved. In the actual construction process, one set of high-power chillers can be set up to achieve comprehensive utilization through control.

[0050] In this embodiment, three sets of boosting equipment are involved. During the actual construction process, a set of sequential disks can be set up to achieve comprehensive utilization through control.

[0051] In this embodiment, the temperature of each control point, and the pressure P(x), P(y), and P(z) can be set and optimized as needed, but the maximum temperature value should not exceed 80°C. The temperature relationship of each control point is: TempX<TempA<TempB<The maximum hydrogen absorption temperature value of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group under the pressure of P(x)<80°C. Wherein: TempX is the working temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group, and the preferred value is not higher than -20°C; TempA is the hydrogen storage temperature of hydrogen storage tank 1 and hydrogen storage tank 2, and the preferred value is 4°C; TempB is the temperature of the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, and the preferred value is 40°C.

[0052] The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 is also equipped with a device identifier based on the tank group hydrogen storage material characteristics and device parameters, and is equipped with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller 31 and a corresponding valve group.

[0053] In specific applications, the hydrogen storage tank 1, the hydrogen storage tank 2, the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group 3 and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group 4 are also equipped with temperature sensors, pressure sensors and other sensors to monitor the hydrogen pressure and temperature of each hydrogen storage tank. At the same time, the hydrogen storage control system also includes a hydrogen storage main controller and corresponding valve groups and other equipment to control the flow direction of hydrogen in each hydrogen storage tank group in the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station.

[0054] This embodiment is compatible with the current 35Mpa hydrogen refueling station tank system, and can be co-built and implemented with the current 35Mpa hydrogen refueling station to be shared by commercial and passenger vehicles, and can serve as an alternative to higher pressure hydrogen refueling stations.

[0055] During the implementation of this embodiment, relevant safety requirements of existing hydrogen refueling stations still need to be implemented, which will not be elaborated here.

[0056] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made to the present invention in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station, characterized in that: It includes a hydrogen exchange buffer tank group based on solid hydrogen storage, a first hydrogen storage tank, a second hydrogen storage tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group, a first-stage boosting device, a second-stage boosting device, a pressure reducing valve, a chiller, a hydrogenator and a hydrogen exchanger; The first-stage boosting device, the first hydrogen storage tank, the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the hydrogen gas of the hydrogen source is stored in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group after passing through the first-stage boosting device, the first hydrogen storage tank and the pressure reducing valve; The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, the second first-stage boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank, the second-stage boosting device and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group through the second first-stage boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank and the second-stage boosting device; The hydrogenator is connected to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group; the hydrogen exchanger is connected to the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group; the hydrogenator and the hydrogen exchanger are controlled by a hydrogen charging controller; under the control of the hydrogen charging controller, the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group supplies cold hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogenator, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group recovers hot hydrogen from the hydrogenated solid-state hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen exchanger; The chiller is used to control the storage temperature of hydrogen in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, the first hydrogen storage tank, the second hydrogen storage tank and the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group; The hydrogen storage control method of the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station comprises: The hydrogen source slowly replenishes hydrogen to the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group through the first hydrogen storage tank: the hydrogen of the hydrogen source is pressurized by the first-stage pressurizing device and then enters the first hydrogen storage tank for storage; the first hydrogen storage tank reduces the temperature of the hydrogen in the tank to TempA under the action of the chiller; the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage tank after the temperature is reduced is reduced by the pressure reducing valve and then input into the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group based on solid hydrogen storage; the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group slowly absorbs hydrogen with the participation of the chiller; The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group replenishes hydrogen to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank through the second hydrogen storage tank: the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group absorbs heat and releases hydrogen by heat exchange with the recovered hot hydrogen, and the pressure of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group gradually increases until it reaches P(x) during the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage material; a group of pressure regulating valves are arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, and when the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group reaches P(x), the valve is opened to release hydrogen with a temperature of TempB to the second hydrogen storage tank; the hot hydrogen released by the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group enters the second hydrogen storage tank through the first-stage boosting equipment, and the temperature of the hydrogen is reduced to TempA and the pressure is increased to P(y) under the action of the chiller, and then the hydrogen is introduced into the second-stage boosting equipment to increase the pressure to P(z) and sent to the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group; after the hydrogen with a pressure of P(z) enters the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group, the hydrogen temperature is reduced to TempX for storage under the action of the chiller.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is also equipped with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller for controlling the hydrogen inlet and outlet valve groups of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is also equipped with a device identifier based on the tank group hydrogen storage material characteristics and device parameters, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group controller obtains the hydrogen storage material characteristics and device parameters of the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group through the device identifier.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen filling machine includes a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve, a flow meter and a hydrogen filling gun connected in sequence; the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the pressure regulating valve, the solenoid valve, the flow meter and the hydrogen filling gun; the hydrogen exchange machine includes a hydrogen exchange gun, a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve and a flow meter connected in sequence, and the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device through the flow meter, the solenoid valve, the pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen exchange gun.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage boosting device is also connected to the second hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline; the hydrogen from the hydrogen source is stored in the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank group through the first-stage boosting device, the second hydrogen storage tank, and the second-stage boosting device.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station is also provided with a hydrogen production device and a purification device for purifying the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: TempX is not higher than minus 20°C; the relationship between each temperature level is: TempX<TempA<TempB<the maximum hydrogen absorption temperature value of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group under the pressure of P(x)<80°C.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes a step of recovering hot hydrogen through the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, including: the hot hydrogen flowing out of the hydrogen exchange machine flows into the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group, and the hot hydrogen is heat-exchanged with the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen exchange buffer tank group.

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the steps of adding hydrogen to and exchanging hydrogen for the fixed hydrogen storage device, including: connecting the hydrogenation gun of the hydrogenator to the hydrogen inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, connecting the hydrogen exchange gun in the hydrogen exchanger to the hydrogen outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen filling controller starts the hydrogenator to supply excess cold hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage device after receiving the command of the solid-state hydrogen storage device controller; and at the same time, starts the hydrogen exchanger to recover the hot hydrogen output by the solid-state hydrogen storage device.

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