A Monitoring Method for Optical Fiber Communication Devices Based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of equipment monitoring, and specifically discloses an optical fiber communication equipment monitoring method based on the Internet of Things, including the following steps: Step S1: Divide the laid optical fiber into several optical fiber segments; monitor the optical power at both ends of the optical fiber segments; Step S2: Generate a curve of the change in the optical power difference between the two ends of the optical fiber segment over time, select the tangent slopes at the latest n points on the curve, and obtain the average slope; set a change threshold, and real-time judge whether the latest point on the curve is an analysis point; if so, judge whether the analysis point is an abnormal point; Step S3: Obtain predicted abnormal points according to the abnormal point curve and the latest segment; predict the failure time according to the optical power at the end of the optical fiber segment at the predicted abnormal point and the optical power threshold of the optical fiber segment, and prompt relevant personnel to detect the failure condition of the optical fiber segment before the time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of equipment monitoring, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Optical fiber communication equipment is a key component for constructing an optical fiber communication system. They are responsible for converting electrical signals into optical signals and transmitting them in optical fibers, as well as restoring the received optical signals into electrical signals; common optical fiber communication equipment includes: optical terminal machines, optical fiber transceivers, optical fibers, optical switches, etc.

[0003] Monitoring of optical fiber equipment is a comprehensive process involving multiple aspects. It includes monitoring the optical power, mainly detecting the intensity of the optical signal to ensure that there is no excessive attenuation during transmission; it also includes checking the physical state of the optical cable, such as checking for damage or aging.

[0004] In the prior art, the laying distance of optical fibers is often long, and the scenarios where different parts of the entire optical fiber are located are different. For example, the bending radii of different parts are different, and there are often various losses in the optical fiber, such as intrinsic loss, material absorption, Rayleigh scattering, etc., resulting in difficult fault location of the optical fiber; in addition, when detecting faults in the optical fiber, due to the long distance, the detection cost is large, which is not suitable for frequent detection and cannot detect faults in the optical fiber in time; at the same time, during the use of the optical fiber, it is often subject to unpredictable external interferences such as extrusion, affecting the service life of the optical fiber. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things includes the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Divide the laid optical fiber into several segments, and record the optical fiber within the segment as an optical fiber segment; set monitoring points at both ends of the optical fiber segment, and the monitoring points are used to monitor the optical power at both ends of the optical fiber segment.

[0009] Step S2: Real-time obtain the optical power difference between both ends of the optical fiber segment, and generate a curve of the optical power difference between both ends of the optical fiber segment changing with time; set a preset number n, select the latest n points on the curve, obtain the tangent slope of the curve at the n points, and obtain the average slope K ave ;

[0010] Set a change threshold C, and real-time obtain the tangent slope K' at the latest point on the curve. When K' > K appearsave At +C, mark this point as the analysis point; real-time intercept the curve segment composed of the previous n points before the analysis point, and the curve segment composed of the n points after the analysis point, and record them as the previous segment and the subsequent segment respectively;

[0011] When there always exists mark the analysis point as an abnormal point; where x is the abscissa of the analysis point, x' is the abscissa of the current latest point, and f(m) and g(m) are the expressions after fitting of the previous segment and the subsequent segment respectively;

[0012] Step S3: Connect all the abnormal points to form an abnormal point curve, and obtain the curve segment composed of all the points after the last abnormal point, and record it as the latest segment; obtain the intersection point of the abnormal point curve and the latest segment, and record it as the predicted abnormal point;

[0013] Obtain the optical power difference corresponding to the predicted abnormal point to obtain the optical power P at the end of the optical fiber segment end ; Set the optical power threshold PI of the optical fiber segment. When P end ≤PI, obtain the time corresponding to the predicted abnormal point, and prompt relevant personnel to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber segment before this time.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: In step S1, the process of dividing the segments includes:

[0015] Select several nodes on the optical fiber. The selection of the nodes includes both ends of the optical fiber, the connection points of the optical fiber, and the starting point and the ending point of the optical fiber bending area;

[0016] Form a segment from two adjacent nodes to obtain several segments.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: In step S2, the process of obtaining the optical power difference includes:

[0018] Obtain the transmitting end and the receiving end of the optical fiber, and obtain the propagation direction of the optical signal in the optical fiber segment from the transmitting end and the receiving end; according to the propagation direction, obtain the optical power P1 at the node near the transmitting end in the optical fiber segment, and obtain the optical power P2 at the node near the receiving end in the optical fiber segment. Then the optical power difference △P = P1 - P2.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: In step S2, the process of setting the preset number includes:

[0020] Set a standard number threshold n0, where n0≥5, and obtain the total number N of the optical power differences that have been obtained currently; then the preset number where λ is a preset coefficient and λ>1.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, the process of obtaining the average slope includes:

[0022] Obtain the tangent slopes of the curve at the latest n points to obtain a set of tangent slopes {K1, K2,..., K n}, where K1 represents the tangent slope at the 1st point; then obtain the average slope where i ∈ [1, n].

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, after obtaining the first abnormal point, obtain the tangent slopes of the previous n points of the abnormal point, obtain a new average slope according to the tangent slopes of the previous n points of the abnormal point, and determine whether the latest point is an analysis point according to the new average slope.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S3, the process of setting the optical power threshold includes:

[0025] Obtain the lowest optical power P0 that can be detected by the receiving end of the optical fiber, and obtain the optical power difference of all the optical fiber segments behind the optical fiber segment at the moment corresponding to the predicted abnormal point along the propagation direction to obtain a set of optical power differences {△P1, △P2,..., △P k}, where △P1 represents the 1st optical fiber segment behind the optical fiber segment, and k is the number of optical fiber segments behind the optical fiber segment;

[0026] Then obtain the optical power threshold of the optical fiber segment where s ∈ [1, k].

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S3, when P end > PI, connect all the abnormal points and the predicted abnormal point to form an abnormal prediction curve, and obtain the optical power difference △P' of the optical fiber segment when P end = PI; according to the abnormal prediction curve, obtain the corresponding time when the optical power difference is equal to △P', and prompt the relevant personnel to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber segment before the time.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] In the prior art, the laying distance of optical fibers is often long, and the scenarios where different parts of the entire optical fiber are located are different. For example, the bending radii of different parts are different, and there are often various losses in the optical fiber, such as intrinsic loss, material absorption, Rayleigh scattering, etc., resulting in difficult fault location of the optical fiber. In addition, when detecting faults in the optical fiber, due to the long distance, the detection cost is relatively high, making it not suitable for frequent detection and unable to detect fiber faults in a timely manner. At the same time, during the use of the optical fiber, it is often subject to unpredictable external interferences such as extrusion, which affects the service life of the optical fiber. Compared with the prior art, in the present invention, the laid optical fiber is divided into several optical fiber segments according to the different scenarios in each area during laying, and the propagation of optical signals in each optical fiber segment is analyzed one by one. This method is conducive to quickly confirming the location of the fault. Under normal circumstances, the optical power of the optical signal in each optical fiber segment will gradually decrease with the service time, so the change in the optical power difference between both ends of the optical fiber segment under normal circumstances increases gently. Due to the occurrence of abnormal situations such as extrusion and sudden high temperature during actual use, which affect the service life of the optical fiber and cause a sudden increase in the optical power difference between both ends of the optical fiber segment. Therefore, the present invention monitors the change in the optical power difference in the optical fiber segment in real time. When an abnormal increase in the optical power difference occurs, it is recorded that the optical fiber segment has experienced an abnormal interference. Based on multiple abnormal interferences, the time of the next abnormal interference is predicted, and the time when the optical fiber cannot normally complete the transmission of optical signals is predicted, prompting relevant personnel to detect the fault situation of the optical fiber segment before the said time. This method is conducive to quickly locating the fault location of the optical fiber and can more accurately predict the maintenance time of the optical fiber according to the actual situation of the optical fiber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for monitoring an optical fiber communication device based on the Internet of Things according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown, the present invention is a method for monitoring an optical fiber communication device based on the Internet of Things, including the following steps:

[0034] Step S1: Divide the laid optical fiber into several segments, and denote the optical fiber within the segment as an optical fiber segment; set monitoring points at both ends of the optical fiber segment, and the monitoring points are used to monitor the optical power at both ends of the optical fiber segment.

[0035] The process of segmenting includes:

[0036] Select several nodes on the optical fiber. The selection of the nodes includes both ends of the optical fiber, connection points of the optical fiber, starting points and ending points of the bent areas of the optical fiber.

[0037] Form a segment from two adjacent nodes to obtain several segments.

[0038] It can be understood that the laid optical fiber is divided into several optical fiber segments according to different scenarios in each area during laying, and the propagation of optical signals within each optical fiber segment is analyzed one by one. This method is conducive to quickly confirming the location of faults; when detecting the optical fiber in segments, it can be segmented according to the bending position and connection position of the optical fiber; such a method not only helps to accurately identify and locate possible problem areas, but also improves the maintenance efficiency and reliability of the entire optical fiber network; when the optical fiber is bent, optical wave loss will occur, which is called micro-bending loss; when the optical fiber undergoes frequent or excessive bending, the signal quality will be affected, resulting in a decrease in transmission efficiency; the connection point of the optical fiber is another key area where signals may suffer losses; poor connection may cause optical wave leakage and reduce transmission efficiency; common connection methods include fusion splicing and mechanical joints, and each method has its specific advantages and limitations; detecting in segments at the connection point can help technicians evaluate the connection quality, ensure that each connection meets the standards required by the system, discover and repair problems in a timely manner, and avoid data loss or service interruption; by detecting each bending point of the optical fiber separately, the specific impact on signal attenuation can be evaluated, so as to determine whether it is necessary to optimize the wiring or replace the damaged part; therefore, segmenting and detecting the optical fiber according to its bending position and connection point is an efficient and scientific management and maintenance strategy; this not only helps to discover potential risks and problems in advance;

[0039] Step S2: Real-time obtain the optical power difference between both ends of the optical fiber segment, and generate a curve of the optical power difference between both ends of the optical fiber segment changing with time; set a preset number n, select the latest n points on the curve, obtain the tangent slopes at the n points of the curve, and get the average slope K ave ;

[0040] Set a change threshold C, and real-time obtain the tangent slope K' at the latest point on the curve. When K' > K ave + C, mark this point as the analysis point; real-time intercept the curve segment composed of the n points before the analysis point and the curve segment composed of the n points after the analysis point, and denote them as the front segment and the back segment respectively.

[0041] When it always exists , the analysis point is recorded as an abnormal point; where x is the abscissa of the analysis point, x' is the abscissa of the current latest point, and f(m) and g(m) are the expressions after fitting of the front segment and the rear segment respectively;

[0042] It should be noted that the change threshold is obtained according to experimental data; a simulation experiment is established, and the change of the optical power difference at both ends of the optical fiber under different scenarios is collected. The different scenarios include different temperatures, different bending radii, etc.; observe the change amount of the optical power difference at both ends of the optical fiber under different scenarios, obtain the average value of the change amounts according to all the change amounts, and obtain the standard deviation of all the change amounts, obtain the change range of the optical power difference at both ends of the optical fiber under normal conditions, and set the change threshold according to the change range;

[0043] The process of obtaining the optical power difference includes:

[0044] Obtain the transmitting end and the receiving end of the optical fiber, and obtain the propagation direction of the optical signal in the optical fiber segment from the transmitting end and the receiving end; according to the propagation direction, obtain the optical power P1 at the node near the transmitting end in the optical fiber segment, and obtain the optical power P2 at the node near the receiving end in the optical fiber segment, then the optical power difference △P = P1 - P2;

[0045] It can be understood that under normal conditions, the optical power of the optical signal in the optical fiber segment will gradually decrease with the service time. Therefore, the change of the optical power difference at both ends of the optical fiber segment under normal conditions increases gently; the attenuation of the optical signal in the optical fiber communication system is a complex but important phenomenon, which is directly related to the efficiency and quality of data transmission; the attenuation of the optical signal in the optical fiber is usually caused by various factors, including the absorption and scattering of the optical fiber material itself, and the physical conditions of the optical fiber such as bending and connection; this attenuation causes the power of the optical signal to gradually weaken when it is transmitted through the optical fiber; when the optical fiber is affected by external factors during actual use, the optical power difference at both ends may increase sharply;

[0046] The process of setting the preset number includes:

[0047] Set a standard number threshold n0, where n0 ≥ 5, and obtain the total number N of the optical power differences that have been obtained currently; then the preset number where λ is a preset coefficient and λ > 1;

[0048] It can be understood that the setting of the preset number changes with the total number N of the collected optical power differences. When N is larger, the setting of the preset number is larger; however, the preset number has a minimum value, which is n0. Such a method can more accurately reflect the real-time change of the optical power difference at both ends of the optical fiber, thereby providing more comprehensive data support for maintenance and optimization.

[0049] The process of obtaining the average slope includes:

[0050] Obtain the tangent slopes of the curve at the latest n points to obtain a set of tangent slopes {K1, K2,..., K n}, where K1 represents the tangent slope at the first point; then obtain the average slope where i ∈ [1, n];

[0051] After obtaining the first abnormal point, obtain the tangent slopes of the previous n points of the abnormal point, obtain a new average slope according to the tangent slopes of the previous n points of the abnormal point, and determine whether the latest point is an analysis point according to the new average slope.

[0052] It can be understood that the average slope is calculated based on historical data, and it reflects the general trend of the optical power difference changing with time in the optical fiber communication system; this trend usually represents the performance of the optical fiber under normal operating conditions, including normal optical signal attenuation and the natural aging process of the system; by continuously monitoring the optical power difference, any possible abnormal conditions in the optical fiber communication system can be detected in time; a sudden change in the optical power often indicates a problem in the optical fiber link, such as physical damage to the optical fiber, poor connection, or external environment change, etc.; when the latest collected optical power difference is significantly different from the previous long-term trend, this is usually an obvious signal of external abnormal interference; such an abnormality may be caused by various factors, including temperature change, mechanical stress, excessive bending of the optical fiber, or connector contamination, etc.; through the comparative analysis of the average slope and individual data points, technicians can more accurately judge the state of the optical fiber and distinguish whether it is normal aging or a sudden problem caused by external factors; the average slope represents the change of the optical power difference at both ends of the optical fiber section in the case of no latest abnormal interference; when the change of the optical power difference at the latest point is large, the optical fiber section may be abnormally interfered by external factors.

[0053] Step S3: Connect all the abnormal points to form an abnormal point curve, and obtain the curve segment formed by all the points after the last abnormal point, denoted as the latest segment; obtain the intersection point of the abnormal point curve and the latest segment, denoted as the predicted abnormal point.

[0054] Obtain the optical power difference corresponding to the predicted abnormal point to obtain the optical power P at the end of the optical fiber section end; Set the optical power threshold PI of the optical fiber section. When P end ≤PI, obtain the time corresponding to the predicted abnormal point, and prompt relevant personnel to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber section before the time;

[0055] It can be understood that according to multiple abnormal interferences, predict the time of the next abnormal interference and the time when the optical fiber cannot normally complete the optical signal transmission, and prompt relevant personnel to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber section before the time;

[0056] The setting process of the optical power threshold includes:

[0057] Obtain the lowest optical power P0 that can be detected by the receiving end of the optical fiber, and along the propagation direction, obtain the optical power difference of all the optical fiber sections behind the optical fiber section at the moment corresponding to the predicted abnormal point, and obtain the optical power difference set {△P1, △P2,..., △P k}, where △P1 represents the first optical fiber section behind the optical fiber section, and k is the number of optical fiber sections behind the optical fiber section;

[0058] Then obtain the optical power threshold of the optical fiber section where s ∈ [1, k];

[0059] When P end > PI, connect all the abnormal points and the predicted abnormal points to form an abnormal prediction curve, and obtain the optical power difference △P' of the optical fiber section when P end = PI; According to the abnormal prediction curve, obtain the time corresponding to when the optical power difference is equal to △P', and prompt relevant personnel to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber section before the time;

[0060] It should be noted that the light source at the transmitting end of the optical fiber remains unchanged, and the lowest optical power that can be received by the receiving end of the optical fiber remains unchanged. According to the optical power difference of each optical fiber section at each moment, judge the fault condition of each optical fiber section; each optical fiber section has its own optical power threshold, and the optical power threshold of an optical fiber section at a certain moment is obtained according to the optical power difference between both ends of all the optical fiber sections behind the optical fiber section at that moment and P0.

[0061] The above has described a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered as being used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equal changes and improvements made according to the scope of the application of the present invention should still fall within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Divide the laid optical fiber into several segments, and record the optical fiber in the segment as an optical fiber segment; set monitoring points at both ends of the optical fiber segment, and the monitoring points are used to monitor the optical power at both ends of the optical fiber segment; Step S2: acquiring the optical power difference between the two ends of the optical fiber segment in real time, and generating a curve showing the optical power difference between the two ends of the optical fiber segment changing with time; Set a preset number n, select the latest n points on the curve, obtain the tangent slope of the curve at the n points, and obtain the slope average value K ave ; Set the change threshold C, and obtain the tangent slope K' at the latest point on the curve in real time. When K'>K ave +C, record the point as the analysis point; intercept in real time the curve segment composed of the n points before the analysis point and the curve segment composed of the n points after the analysis point, and record them as the front segment and the back segment respectively; When the constant existence When , the analysis point is recorded as an abnormal point; wherein x is the horizontal coordinate of the analysis point, x' is the horizontal coordinate of the latest point, and f(m) and g(m) are the expressions after fitting the previous segment and the next segment respectively; Step S3: connect all the abnormal points to form an abnormal point curve, and obtain the curve segment formed by all the analysis points after the last abnormal point, which is recorded as the latest segment; obtain the intersection of the extension line of the abnormal point curve and the latest segment, which is recorded as the predicted abnormal point; Obtain the optical power difference corresponding to the predicted abnormal point and obtain the optical power P at the end of the optical fiber segment. end ; Set the optical power threshold PI of the fiber segment. end ≤PI, the time corresponding to the predicted abnormal point is obtained, and relevant personnel are prompted to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber segment before the time.

2. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the segmentation process includes: Selecting a plurality of nodes on the optical fiber, wherein the selected nodes include the two ends of the optical fiber, the connection of the optical fiber, and the starting point and the end point of the optical fiber bending area; A segment is formed by two adjacent nodes, and several segments are obtained.

3. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the process of obtaining the optical power difference includes: Obtain the transmitting end and receiving end of the optical fiber, and obtain the propagation direction of the optical signal in the optical fiber segment from the transmitting end and the receiving end; according to the propagation direction, obtain the optical power P1 at the node close to the transmitting end in the optical fiber segment, and obtain the optical power P2 at the node close to the receiving end in the optical fiber segment, then the optical power difference △P=P1-P2.

4. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the process of setting the preset number includes: Set a standard number threshold n0, where n0 ≥ 5, and obtain the total number N of optical power difference values ​​currently obtained; then the preset number , where λ is a preset coefficient and λ>

1.

5. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the process of obtaining the slope average value includes: Get the tangent slopes of the curve at the latest n points and get the tangent slope set {K1, K2, ..., K n }, where K1 represents the slope of the tangent line at the first point; then the average slope is obtained , where i∈[1,n].

6. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, after obtaining the first abnormal point, the tangent slopes of the first n points of the abnormal point are obtained, a new slope average is obtained based on the tangent slopes of the first n points of the abnormal point, and whether the latest point is an analysis point is determined based on the new slope average.

7. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the optical power threshold setting process includes: The lowest optical power that can be detected by the receiving end of the optical fiber is obtained as P0, and the optical power difference of all optical fiber segments behind the optical fiber segment at the time corresponding to the predicted abnormal point is obtained along the propagation direction to obtain the optical power difference set {△P1, △P2, ..., △P k }, where ΔP1 represents the first fiber segment behind the fiber segment, and k is the number of fiber segments behind the fiber segment; Then the optical power threshold of the optical fiber segment is obtained , where s∈[1,k].

8. The method for monitoring optical fiber communication equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when P end >PI, connect all abnormal points and predicted abnormal points to form an abnormal prediction curve, and obtain the abnormal prediction curve when P end =PI, the optical power difference △P' of the optical fiber segment; according to the abnormal prediction curve, the time corresponding to when the optical power difference is equal to △P' is obtained, and the relevant personnel are prompted to detect the fault condition of the optical fiber segment before the time.

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