Watermelon seedling grafting method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a watermelon seedling grafting method, which comprises a stock and a scion, the stock comprises a solid knot between the two lowermost leaves of the original seedling, and a plant cavity is arranged below the solid knot; the grafting method is as follows: firstly, the part above the solid knot is cut off, a poking rod is obliquely inserted into the plant cavity through the solid knot, and finally, the poking rod is stuck on the inner wall of the plant cavity, the oblique angle of the poking rod is alpha, and a poking hole is left on the solid knot; the lower end of the scion is cut into an oblique section with the oblique angle equal to alpha, and finally, the scion is inserted into the poking hole. The application further discloses a grafting device, which comprises a first working hole arranged on the top of a first base, a linear driving device arranged on a second base and used for driving the poking rod to move as a plug, and a blade arranged on the poking rod and capable of obliquely passing below the first working hole. In this way, when the poking rod moves as a plug to punch the poking hole on the stock, the lower end of the original seedling of the scion is also cut, and then the grafting can be completed by only inserting the scion into the poking hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant grafting technology, specifically relating to a method and apparatus for grafting watermelon seedlings. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the disease resistance, cold tolerance, fruit quality, and yield of watermelons, grafting is a common method for cultivating watermelon seedlings. Grafted watermelons can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt and anthracnose. This is because Fusarium wilt can occur extensively in continuously planted watermelon fields, while grafting can significantly reduce or prevent its occurrence. Furthermore, grafting can improve the watermelon's cold tolerance, allowing watermelons protected in early spring to be planted earlier and harvested sooner. Grafted watermelons grow more robustly and are more resistant to Fusarium wilt, thus significantly increasing yield.

[0003] The specific method of grafting involves using pumpkin, gourd, or similar rootstocks and watermelon seedlings as scions. These rootstocks have more developed root systems, enhanced absorption and transport capabilities, which improves the watermelon's resistance to foliar diseases. Grafted seedlings, due to their strong root systems, have a greater capacity for nutrient absorption than self-rooted seedlings, and can also save about 30% on fertilizer. The rootstock consists of the solid node located between the two lowest leaves of the original seedling; below the solid node is the plant cavity, and these two leaves are generally false leaves.

[0004] The common grafting method involves manually trimming off the portion above the solid node, retaining the bottom two leaves of the original seedling, then using a wooden stick to poke a hole at an angle, and inserting the trimmed scion into the hole. However, it has the following disadvantages: ① It requires manual operation on a plant-by-plant basis; ② Different thicknesses of wooden sticks are needed depending on the thickness of the scion; ③ Inconsistent sharpening angles of the scion and the angle of the hole made by the wooden stick can lead to poor fit; ④ The lower end of the scion, once inserted into the plant cavity, cannot receive nourishment from the plant sap, making it prone to rooting inside the cavity and affecting the grafting effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a watermelon seedling grafting method and device that is semi-automatic, can ensure that the cross-section of the scion and the grafting hole matches, and makes it difficult for the lower end of the scion to take root.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a watermelon seedling grafting method, comprising a rootstock and a scion, wherein the rootstock includes a solid node located between the two lowest leaves of the original seedling, and below the solid node is a plant cavity, and the grafting method adopted is as follows:

[0007] The preparation of S01 rootstock involves first cutting off the part above the solid node, while retaining the two bottom leaves of the original seedling;

[0008] S02. Use the piercing rod to aim at the top of the solid node and insert it at an angle. The piercing rod passes through the solid node and enters the plant cavity, eventually embedding itself in the inner wall of the plant cavity. The angle of insertion of the piercing rod is α, leaving a piercing hole on the solid node. The purpose of the piercing rod to break through the inner wall of the plant cavity is that after grafting, nutrient solution will flow out from the broken inner wall of the plant cavity to supply the lower end of the scion, preventing the lower end of the scion from hanging in the air and rooting.

[0009] S03 cuts an inclined section at the lower end of the scion, with an inclination angle equal to α;

[0010] S04 Insert the scion into the puncture hole.

[0011] In this method, the inclination angle α of the scion's lower end being cut into an inclined cross-section is based on its own cross-section as the reference plane, while the inclination angle α of the insertion of the piercing rod is based on the horizontal plane as the reference plane.

[0012] This invention also discloses an apparatus for a watermelon grafting method, comprising a first base with a first working hole at the top for inserting a scion seedling. A second base is mounted on the first base, and the second base has a linear drive device for driving a piercing rod to make an insertion hole. The piercing rod also has a blade that can tilt to pass below the first working hole. Thus, when the piercing rod makes an insertion hole in the rootstock, the lower end of the scion seedling is also cut off, and then the scion can simply be inserted into the hole.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a first rotating shaft is provided between the first base and the second base. This arrangement facilitates the rotation of the second base, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the piercing rod.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a stop block is provided in the first working hole, and a spring is provided to press the stop block against the scion, so that the stop block can press down on the scion.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the first working hole includes a first baffle, and the scion is clamped between the first baffle and the stop block. The first baffle is located on one side of the initial position of the blade.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a push block is connected below the abutment block. The push block has a first tooth below it, a gear below the first tooth, and a second tooth on the gear. A disc-shaped component is coaxially fixed to the gear. The piercing rod is a hollow, elastic memory metal tube with a through-slot on its side wall. The disc-shaped component is inserted into the through-slot, with its two ends inclined relative to each other. The diameter of the piercing rod is pre-adjusted to be the same as the diameter of the scion. As the diameter of the scion changes, the position of the push block also changes, and the first tooth drives the gear to rotate, allowing the disc-shaped component to either enlarge the piercing rod or return it to its original position, thus ensuring that the diameter of the piercing hole is approximately the same as that of the scion.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the first rotating shaft and the gear's rotating shaft are coaxial, and the gear is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft of the second base.

[0018] In another design, the blade is a flexible metal sheet that wraps around the outer wall of the piercing rod, bending at different angles to accommodate variations in the rod's size. A second working hole is provided on the blade for inserting the scion seedling. This structure allows the cut surface below the scion to become an arc-shaped cut, rather than a flat one, which better conforms to the inner wall of the piercing hole.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, a third base is provided below the first base and placed on the culture medium. A sliding mechanism is provided between the first base and the third base, allowing the first base to slide up and down relative to the third base. The third base is provided with a first clamping arm and a second clamping arm to clamp the solid section. The third base is provided with a first lever arm connecting the first clamping arm and a second lever arm connecting the second clamping arm. The first base is provided with a first protrusion that presses the first lever arm and a second protrusion that presses the second lever arm.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the first clamping arm and the second clamping arm are respectively connected to a distance sensing device between them and the piercing rod, which is used to stop the piercing rod from penetrating the inner wall of the plant cavity and to retract it in time.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0022] ① It can achieve semi-automatic batch grafting;

[0023] ② It can accept scions of different thicknesses;

[0024] ③ The angle at which the scion is sharpened matches the angle of the hole made by the wooden stick;

[0025] ④ If the lower end of the scion is inserted into the plant cavity and does not receive nourishment from the plant sap, it is easy for it to take root inside the cavity, affecting the grafting effect. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the original rootstock seedling structure;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of step S01 of the grafting method;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in step S02 where the piercing rod is inserted into the solid section;

[0029] Figure 4 It is the puncture hole on the solid section in step S02;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of step S04;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1;

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the decomposition process;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial structure of the first and second rotating shafts in Embodiment 1;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure;

[0036] Figure 11 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the decomposition process;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the piercing rod and blade structure in Embodiment 3. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: rootstock 1, solid node 11, plant cavity 12, puncture hole 13, puncture rod 2, through groove 21, scion 3, first base 4, first working hole 41, first baffle 411, first protrusion 42, second protrusion 43, second base 5, first rotating shaft 51, linear drive device 6, blade 7, second working hole 71, stop block 81, spring 82, push block 83, first gear 831, gear 84, second rotating shaft 841, second gear 842, disc-shaped piece 85, third base 9, first clamping arm 91, second clamping arm 92, first lever arm 911, second lever arm 921, sliding mechanism 10, slider 101, and groove 102.

[0040] A method for grafting watermelon seedlings includes a rootstock 1 and a scion 3. The rootstock 1 includes a solid node 11 located between the two lowest leaves of the original seedling. Below the solid node 11 is a plant cavity 12. The grafting method is as follows:

[0041] The preparation of S01 rootstock 1 involves first cutting off the part above the solid node 11, while retaining the two bottom leaves of the original seedling;

[0042] S02. Use the piercing rod 2 to aim at the top of the solid node 11 and insert it at an angle. The piercing rod 2 passes through the solid node 11 and enters the plant cavity 12, and finally gets stuck on the inner wall of the plant cavity 12. The angle of insertion of the piercing rod 2 is α, and a piercing hole 13 is left on the solid node 11. S03. Cut an inclined cross-section at the lower end of the scion 3, with an inclination angle equal to α.

[0043] S04 Insert the scion 3 into the punch hole 13.

[0044] The use of a wedge-shaped end face for the punch rod 2 can make the gap of the punch hole 13 smaller. The present invention also discloses four embodiments, which fully disclose the present invention.

[0045] Example 1, as Figures 6 to 8 As shown, an apparatus for a watermelon grafting method includes a first base 4, with a first working hole 41 at the top for inserting the scion 3 seedling. A second base 5 is mounted on the first base 4, and a linear drive device 6 (a linear motor) on the second base 5 drives a poking rod 2 to make a hole. The poking rod 2 also has a blade 7 that can be tilted to pass under the first working hole 41. Thus, when the poking rod 2 makes a hole 13 on the rootstock 1, the lower end of the scion 3 seedling is also cut off, and then the scion 3 can simply be inserted into the hole 13.

[0046] In the embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, a first rotating shaft 51 is provided between the first base 4 and the second base 5. This arrangement facilitates the rotation of the second base 5, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the piercing rod 2.

[0047] In the embodiments, such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown, a stop block 81 is provided in the first working hole 41, and a spring 82 is provided to press the stop block 81 against the scion 3. The stop block 81 can press the scion 3.

[0048] In the embodiments, such as Figure 6 Figure 7 As shown, the first working hole 41 includes a first baffle 411, and the scion 3 is sandwiched between the first baffle 411 and the abutment 81. The first baffle 411 is located on one side of the initial position of the blade 7.

[0049] In the embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, a push block 83 is connected below the abutment block 81. The push block 83 has a first tooth 831 below it, and a gear 84 is located below the first tooth 831. The gear 84 has a second tooth 842, and a disc-shaped piece 85 is coaxially fixed to the gear 84. The piercing rod 2 is a hollow elastic memory metal tube with a through groove 21 on its side wall that runs through both ends. The disc-shaped piece 85 is inserted into the through groove 21, and the two ends of the disc-shaped piece 85 are inclined to each other. The diameter of the piercing rod 2 is adjusted in advance to be the same as the diameter of the scion 3. As the diameter of the scion 3 changes, the position of the push block 83 also changes. Then, the first tooth 831 will drive the gear 84 to rotate, so that the disc-shaped piece 85 can expand the piercing rod 2 or allow the piercing rod 2 to return to its original position. In this way, the diameter of the piercing hole 13 can be kept approximately consistent with that of the scion 3.

[0050] In the embodiments, such as Figure 8As shown, the first rotating shaft 51 and the rotating shaft of the gear 84 are coaxial, and the gear 84 is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft 841 of the second base 5.

[0051] Example 1 Usage: Prepare rootstock 1, first cut off the part above the solid node 11, and keep the bottom two leaves of the original seedling; rotate the second base 5, adjust the angle of the piercing rod 2, insert the original seedling of scion 3 into the first working hole 41, align the head of the piercing rod 2 with the top of the solid node 11, start the linear drive device 6, the piercing rod 2 will quickly pierce a piercing hole 13, and at the same time the blade 7 will cut out a corresponding scion 3, then remove the scion 3 and insert it into the piercing hole 13 to complete the grafting.

[0052] Example 2: The structure of Example 2 is similar to that of Example 1, except for the structure of the blade 7, as shown below. Figure 12 As shown, in Embodiment 2, the blade 7 is a flexible metal sheet that wraps around the outer wall of the piercing rod 2. It bends with different curvatures as the size of the piercing rod 2 changes. The blade 7 has a second working hole 71 for inserting the original scion 3 seedling. This structure allows the cut surface below the scion 3 to become an arc-shaped cut surface instead of a flat cut surface, which fits better against the inner wall of the piercing hole 13.

[0053] Example 3 is based on Example 1, with the addition of technical features, such as... Figures 9 to 11 As shown, a third base 9 is provided below the first base 4 and placed on the culture medium. A sliding mechanism 10 is provided between the first base 4 and the third base 9. The sliding mechanism 10 consists of a slider 101 provided on the first base 4 and a groove 102 provided on the third base 9, so that the first base 4 can slide up and down relative to the third base 9. The third base 9 is provided with a first clamping arm 91 and a second clamping arm 92 that clamps the solid section 11. The third base 9 is provided with a first lever arm 911 that connects to the first clamping arm 91 and a second lever arm 921 that connects to the second clamping arm 92. The first base 4 is provided with a first protrusion 42 that presses the first lever arm 911 and a second protrusion 43 that presses the second lever arm 921.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first clamping arm 91 and the second clamping arm 92 are respectively connected to the piercing rod 2 with a distance sensing device, which is used to stop the piercing rod 2 from penetrating and retract it in time when it is about to pierce the inner wall of the plant cavity 12.

[0055] The method of use in Example 3 is similar to stamping: Prepare the rootstock 1, first cut off the part above the solid node 11, and keep the bottom two leaves of the original seedling; rotate the second base 5, adjust the angle of the piercing rod 2, insert the original seedling of scion 3 into the first working hole 41, press down the first base 4, and at the same time the first clamping arm 91 and the second clamping arm 92 can quickly clamp the solid node 11, and the head of the piercing rod 2 is aligned with the top of the solid node 11. Start the linear drive device 6, and the piercing rod 2 will quickly pierce a piercing hole 13. At the same time, the blade 7 will cut out a corresponding scion 3. Then remove the scion 3 and insert it into the piercing hole 13 to complete the grafting.

[0056] Example 4 is based on Example 1, but removes the abutment block 81, spring 82, push block 83, gear 84, disc-shaped piece 85 and second rotating shaft 841, and only retains the basic function of adjusting the tilt of the poking rod 2.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, and various changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art will not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A watermelon seedling grafting device, characterized in that: Includes a first base (4), the top of which is provided with a first working hole (41) for inserting the scion (3) seedling. A second base (5) is provided on the first base (4), and a linear drive device (6) is provided on the second base (5) to drive the piercing rod (2) to move in the insertion hole. The piercing rod (2) is also provided with a blade (7) that can tilt and pass under the first working hole (41). A first rotating shaft (51) is provided between the first base (4) and the second base (5); The first working hole (41) is provided with a stop block (81) and a spring (82) for pressing the stop block (81) against the scion (3); The first working hole (41) includes a first baffle (411), the scion (3) is sandwiched between the first baffle (411) and the abutment (81), and the first baffle (411) is located on one side of the initial position of the blade (7); The abutment block (81) is connected to a push block (83) below it. The push block (83) has a first tooth (831) below it. The first tooth (831) has a gear (84) below it. The gear (84) has a second tooth (842) on it. The gear (84) is coaxially fixed with a disc-shaped piece (85). The piercing rod (2) is a hollow elastic memory metal tube, and a through groove (21) is opened on its side wall to pass through both ends. The disc-shaped piece (85) is inserted into the through groove (21), and the two ends of the disc-shaped piece (85) are inclined to each other. The diameter of the piercing rod (2) and the diameter of the scion (3) are adjusted in advance. The first rotating shaft (51) and the rotating shaft of the gear (84) are coaxial, and the gear (84) is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft (841) of the second base (5).

2. The watermelon seedling grafting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade (7) is a flexible metal sheet that wraps around the outer wall of the piercing rod (2) and bends with different curvatures as the size of the piercing rod (2) changes. A second working hole (71) is provided on the blade (7) for inserting the original seedling of the scion (3).

3. The watermelon seedling grafting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Below the first base (4) is a third base (9) placed on the culture medium. A sliding mechanism (10) is provided between the first base (4) and the third base (9) so that the first base (4) can slide up and down relative to the third base (9). The third base (9) is provided with a first clamping arm (91) and a second clamping arm (92) for clamping the solid section (11). The third base (9) is provided with a first lever arm (911) connecting the first clamping arm (91) and a second lever arm (921) connecting the second clamping arm (92). The first base (4) is provided with a first protrusion (42) for pressing the first lever arm (911) and a second protrusion (43) for pressing the second lever arm (921).

4. The watermelon seedling grafting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first clamping arm (91) and the second clamping arm (92) are respectively connected to the piercing rod (2) with a distance sensing device, which is used to stop the piercing rod (2) from penetrating and retract it in time when it is about to pierce the inner wall of the plant cavity (12).

5. A grafting method using the watermelon seedling grafting device of claim 1, comprising a rootstock (1) and a scion (3), wherein the rootstock (1) comprises a solid node (11) located between the two lowest leaves of the original seedling, and below the solid node (11) is a plant cavity (12), characterized in that: The preparation of S01 rootstock (1) involves first cutting off the part above the solid node (11) and retaining the two bottom leaves of the original seedling; S02 uses the piercing rod (2) to aim at the top of the solid node (11) and inserts it at an angle. The piercing rod (2) passes through the solid node (11) and enters the plant cavity (12), and finally gets stuck on the inner wall of the plant cavity (12). The angle of insertion of the piercing rod (2) is α, and a piercing hole (13) is left on the solid node (11). S03 cuts an inclined section at the lower end of the scion (3), with an inclination angle equal to α; S04 Insert the scion (3) into the puncture hole (13).

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