Apple green rootstock high-standard orchard building production management method

Abstract

The invention discloses an apple green stock high-standard orchard building production management method, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree smart cultivation, and the method comprises the following steps: micro-ridging and shallow planting: collecting key parameters of an orchard building area, and generating a GPS lofting graph based on the parameters; wide-row and narrow-plant dynamic setting: determining row spacing by adopting a dynamic row spacing calculation formula, and matching the row spacing and plant spacing; single-side alternate ditching and fertilization: according to the monitoring value, single-side alternate ditching and fertilization of the fruit tree are switched; performing flower and fruit management time sequence control: accumulating orchard growth days in real time and monitoring the branch tip growth stopping rate; and orchard building data block chain tracing: generating an identifier for the whole-process orchard building data. By means of the arrangement mode that micro-ridging shallow planting and wide-row narrow-plant dynamic arrangement are matched, it is guaranteed that orchard building conditions are accurate and controllable, real-time data monitoring and automatic control of the whole process of ridging, planting, fertilization and irrigation are achieved, a dynamic row spacing calculation formula based on latitude is introduced, and the reasonable proportion of crown breadth and row spacing of adult fruit trees is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent fruit tree cultivation technology, and in particular to a high-standard orchard establishment and production management method for apple green rootstock. Background Technology

[0002] The efficient and sustainable development of the apple industry depends on scientific orchard establishment models and precise production management techniques. However, when adopting high-standard orchard establishment methods such as H1358 green rootstock, the current common practice of using traditional rootstocks such as M9-T337 seriously restricts the achievement of early high yields, efficient fertilizer utilization, and cost control goals in the orchard.

[0003] Current technology fails to fully consider the unique characteristics of the H1358 rootstock. In the seedling planting stage, the M9-T337 model is simply copied, resulting in excessively deep planting. This leads to the rootstock-scion interface being buried more than 5 cm deep. Since H1358 has a highly water-conducting root system, excessively deep planting places its roots in a hypoxic environment deep within the soil, severely hindering root respiration and normal physiological activities. This inhibits early tree growth and poses a risk to future high and stable yields. Furthermore, the current technology uses a fixed row and plant spacing configuration, lacking a crown width prediction and growth model that matches the latitude of the planting site. This one-size-fits-all planting method ignores the dynamic impact of light and heat resources on crown development at different latitudes. As the fruit trees enter the early fruiting stage, the crown expands rapidly, and the crown width-to-row spacing ratio easily exceeds the critical point of 0.7. This leads to premature canopy closure in the orchard, drastically deteriorating ventilation and light penetration. This not only affects flower bud differentiation and fruit quality but also increases the risk of pests and diseases, making it difficult to achieve the expected high yield target. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-standard orchard management method for apple green rootstocks to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of green apple rootstocks, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, shallow planting with small ridges: Collect key parameters such as root bark ratio, soil bulk density and groundwater level in the orchard area, and generate a GPS layout map based on the parameters;

[0007] Step 2, Dynamic Setting of Wide Rows and Narrow Plants: Use the dynamic row spacing calculation formula to determine the row spacing and match the row spacing with the plant spacing;

[0008] Step 3: Alternating trenching and fertilization on one side: EC sensors are installed in the orchard soil to monitor the EC value of the soil layer in real time. Based on the monitoring value, trenching and fertilization are carried out on one side of the fruit trees in rotation.

[0009] Step 4: Timing control of flower and fruit management: Construct a timing engine for flower and fruit management to accumulate orchard growth days in real time and monitor the rate of branch stunting.

[0010] Step 5: Blockchain traceability of orchard establishment data: Generate identifiers for the entire orchard establishment process data, including micro-ridge planting, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management.

[0011] Preferably, the parameters collected in step one are within the following ranges: root bark rate ≥72%, soil bulk density 1.3-1.4 g / cm³, groundwater level 1.5-2.0 m, the GPS stakeout map limits the ridge height to 8-12 cm, the height of the interface of apple green rootstock H1358 seedlings above the ground is 2-3 cm, and the generation of the GPS stakeout map is also related to the soil pH parameter. When the soil pH is 6.0-7.5, the ridge height is 8-10 cm; when the soil pH is 5.5-6.0 or 7.5-8.0, the ridge height is 10-12 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the ridging machine used in the micro-ridge shallow planting in step one is equipped with an RTK-GPS receiver. The ridging machine is also equipped with a soil compaction sensor to detect the soil compaction of the ridge in real time after ridging. When the compaction is 1.1-1.2 g / cm³, it is considered qualified. If the compaction is >1.2 g / cm³, the machine's soil loosening device is activated to loosen the surface soil of the ridge to a depth of 3-5 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the dynamic line spacing calculation formula in step two is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] The row spacing is in meters, and the plant spacing is fixed at 1.5 meters.

[0016] Preferably, in the dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants in step two, the latitude range is 35°N-42°N. When the latitude is >38°N, a correction value of +0.2m is used in the row spacing calculation formula; when the latitude is <38°N, a correction value of -0.2m is used in the row spacing calculation formula; when the latitude is 38°N, the row spacing is 3.5+0.1×(38-35)=3.8m.

[0017] Preferably, in step three, the EC sensor monitors the EC value of the 0-20cm soil layer in real time. The EC sensor is deployed at a density of one sensor for every five fruit trees. The sensor probe is inserted into the soil to a depth of 10cm. The data acquisition frequency is once every two hours. The acquired data is synchronized to the fertilization control terminal in real time via a wireless transmission module. When the EC value of the soil layer is detected to be >1.6mS / cm, the system automatically switches to the other side of the fruit tree for trenching and fertilization.

[0018] Preferably, in step three, the unilateral alternating trenching and fertilization is carried out with a trench depth of 15-18cm, a trench width of 12cm, a single fertilization amount of 8-10kg / tree, and the N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the fertilizer used being 18:10:17. Furthermore, the trenching direction of the unilateral alternating trenching and fertilization is at a 45° angle to the row direction of the fruit trees.

[0019] Preferably, in step four, when the growth day reaches 450℃・d and the shoot cessation rate is ≥80%, an automatic prompt is triggered, indicating a ±2-day window for branching agent application. The flower and fruit management time sequence engine also includes a flowering period temperature warning function. When the growth day (GDD) reaches 300℃・d to 450℃・d, if the average daily temperature is >28℃ and lasts for more than 3 days, the application window for branching agent is automatically extended to ±3 days, and a prompt is made to supplement foliar calcium fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, in step five, the identifier is written into the blockchain to generate a unique identifier (UID). This UID serves as the 0th node for subsequent product traceability. The blockchain UID contains garden construction data including GPS survey coordinate data, soil physicochemical parameter test reports, ridging construction records, seedling variety purity test results, fertilization time and dosage records, EC value monitoring logs, GDD cumulative data, and branch growth status image data.

[0021] Preferably, the data blockchain traceability process in step five is as follows:

[0022] Data collection and uploading: Data on micro-ridge planting, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management are collected through IoT devices, sensors, and manual labor. After the data is generated, it will be packaged into a data block.

[0023] Blockchain Network and Consensus: The collected data blocks will be broadcast to a consortium blockchain network composed of multiple nodes authorized by orchard management, agricultural input suppliers, certification bodies and regulatory authorities. The nodes in the network verify and confirm the validity of the data through a predefined consensus mechanism. Once a consensus is reached, the data block will be permanently added to the blockchain.

[0024] Generation and application of unique identifiers (UIDs): The system generates a unique, blockchain-based identifier (UID) for each orchard or batch of seedlings. This UID serves as the "root" key for the orchard's digital identity and is the zeroth node for all subsequent data. The extended list of orchard construction data specifically written into the blockchain also includes geographic information data, soil baseline data, construction and plant protection records, precision farming records, environmental monitoring logs, growth model data, and multimedia evidence. Geographic information data includes GPS survey coordinate data and ridge 3D model data, while soil baseline data includes all soil physicochemical parameters. The testing report, construction and plant protection records include ridging construction records, seedling variety purity DNA test results, quarantine certificates, precision farming records including the time of each fertilization, GPS location, trenching depth and angle, fertilizer formula and precise dosage records, environmental monitoring logs including the entire historical data monitored by EC sensors and groundwater level fluctuation records, growth model data including the cumulative process data of growth days, monitoring records and analysis reports of shoot cessation rate, triggered agricultural operation reminders and execution records, and multimedia evidence including image data of shoot growth status during key growth stages of seedlings and high-definition pictures of flowering and fruiting periods.

[0025] Traceability and Value Realization: Consumers or regulatory agencies can access the blockchain system by scanning the QR code on the fruit packaging and, after entering the product or orchard UID, can transparently query all key data from the beginning of the orchard's establishment.

[0026] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0027] (1) This invention uses a combination of micro-ridge shallow planting and wide row narrow plant dynamic setting to collect key parameters at the beginning of orchard establishment and generate GPS layout map based on these parameters to ensure that the orchard establishment conditions are accurate and controllable. By deploying RTK-GPS, EC sensor, soil temperature and humidity sensor, GDD recorder and blockchain terminal, real-time data monitoring and automated control of the entire process of ridge making, planting, fertilization and irrigation are realized. A dynamic row spacing calculation formula based on latitude is introduced to scientifically optimize light energy utilization and ventilation conditions to ensure a reasonable ratio between the crown width and row spacing of mature fruit trees.

[0028] (2) This invention uses organic fertilizer, quicklime / sulfur powder and microbial agents to adjust the soil pH and bulk density to the optimal range, creating an excellent environment for the roots. By precisely controlling the ridge height, ridge width and planting depth, and combining root watering and mulch covering, the rhizosphere environment is improved, promoting seedling survival and growth. By unilaterally alternating trenching and fertilization, fertilizer utilization is effectively improved and soil compaction is prevented.

[0029] (3) This invention controls the automatic start and stop of the drip irrigation system based on soil moisture data through the timing of flower and fruit management and the drip irrigation system, so as to achieve water saving and high efficiency. It accurately matches the types and amounts of fertilizers according to the phenological period to meet the nutritional needs of fruit trees at different growth stages. Furthermore, it uses growth days and branch cessation rate as indicators to accurately determine the optimal application window of agents such as branching agent.

[0030] (4) This invention puts key data from the establishment of the garden to the production process on the blockchain, generates a unique identifier, realizes the transparency of the production process, enhances consumer trust, reduces environmental pollution and ensures product safety through green pest control and limits the number of times chemical pesticides are used. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 This illustrates a high-standard orchard establishment and production management method for apple green rootstocks.

[0035] Includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1, shallow planting with small ridges: Before shallow planting with small ridges, prepare for the establishment of the orchard. After preparation, collect key parameters such as root bark ratio, soil bulk density and groundwater level of the orchard area, and generate a GPS layout map based on the parameters.

[0037] The preliminary preparations for establishing the orchard include soil pretreatment, seedling selection, and equipment deployment. Soil pretreatment involves deep tilling of the soil to a depth of 30-40cm three months prior to establishment, applying 3000-4000kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per acre, and adding 50-80kg of quicklime when the soil pH is <5.5, or 30-50kg of sulfur powder per acre when the soil pH is >8.0. Quicklime and sulfur powder are used to adjust the soil pH to maintain it within the range of 6.0-7.5. At the same time, 50kg / acre of microbial inoculant is applied to the soil, with an effective live bacteria count ≥200 million / g. The microbial inoculant is used to improve the soil aggregate structure and reduce the soil bulk density to maintain it within the range of 1.3-1.4g / cm³.

[0038] For seedling selection, apple green rootstock H1358 grafted seedlings are selected. The seedlings should be ≥120cm in height, ≥1.2cm in diameter at the ground, ≥25cm in taproot length, ≥5 lateral roots, and have a root bark ratio of ≥72%. The root bark ratio is calculated as root bark weight / total root weight × 100%. The grafted seedlings should be free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, and the graft union should be well healed.

[0039] The equipment deployment involves installing an RTK-GPS receiver, EC sensor, soil temperature and humidity sensor, GDD cumulative recorder, and blockchain data acquisition terminal on the ridging machine. All devices are connected to the network via wireless communication modules to achieve real-time data transmission and sharing.

[0040] The collected parameters were as follows: root bark rate of seedlings ≥72%, soil bulk density 1.3-1.4 g / cm³, groundwater level 1.5-2.0 m, ridge height limited by GPS layout map to 8-12 cm, and the height of the graft union of apple green rootstock H1358 seedlings above ground 2-3 cm. The generation of the GPS layout map was also associated with soil pH value.

[0041] When the soil pH is 6.0-7.5, the ridge height should be 8-10cm, the ridge width should be 60-70cm, and the ridge spacing should be calculated according to the dynamic row spacing.

[0042] When the soil pH is 5.5-6.0 or 7.5-8.0, the ridge height should be 10-12cm, the ridge width should be 70-80cm, and the ridge slope should be 15° to facilitate soil drainage.

[0043] The ridging machine used in micro-ridge shallow planting is equipped with an RTK-GPS receiver. The RTK-GPS receiver has a horizontal positioning error of ≤2cm and an elevation positioning error of ≤1cm. The ridging machine is also equipped with a soil compaction sensor to detect the soil compaction of the ridge in real time after ridging. When the compaction is 1.1-1.2g / cm³, it is considered qualified. If the compaction is >1.2g / cm³, the machine's soil loosening device is activated to loosen the surface soil of the ridge to a depth of 3-5cm.

[0044] When planting, plant according to the points marked by GPS, with the joint exposed 2-3cm above the ground. The planting depth of the seedling should be such that the original soil mark of the seedling is level with the ridge surface. After planting, water thoroughly with a solution of 0.2% humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 20-30L per plant. After the water has seeped in, cover with black mulch film. Use 80cm wide black mulch film and compact the soil around the edges of the film.

[0045] Step 2, Dynamic Setting of Wide Rows and Narrow Plants: Use the dynamic row spacing calculation formula to determine the row spacing and match the row spacing with the plant spacing;

[0046] The formula for calculating dynamic line spacing is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] The row spacing is in meters, the latitude range is 35°N-42°N, the plant spacing is fixed at 1.5m, the planting density per mu is 666.7 ÷ (row spacing × 1.5), the range is 105-130 trees / mu, so that the crown width / row spacing ratio of mature fruit trees is ≤0.65;

[0049] When the latitude is greater than 38°N, a correction value of +0.2m is used in the row spacing calculation formula, that is... m, ranging from 3.8 to 4.2 m;

[0050] When the latitude is <38°N, a correction value of -0.2m is used in the row spacing calculation formula, that is... m, ranging from 3.3 to 3.6 m;

[0051] When the latitude is 38°N, the row spacing is 3.5 + 0.1 × (38 - 35) = 3.8 m.

[0052] When planting, the seedlings are planted in a north-south direction and arranged in a triangular pattern on the ridge. The lateral offset distance between two adjacent rows of seedlings is 0.75m to ensure that the crown width / row spacing is ≤0.65 after the crown width is expanded, thus ensuring ventilation and light penetration in the field.

[0053] Step 3: Alternating trenching and fertilization on one side: EC sensors are installed in the orchard soil to monitor the EC value of the soil layer in real time. Based on the monitoring value, trenching and fertilization are carried out on one side of the fruit trees in rotation. The fertilization is carried out four times a year: bud break fertilizer, post-flowering fertilizer, fruit expansion fertilizer, and base fertilizer. The bud break fertilizer is applied in early March, the post-flowering fertilizer in mid-May, the fruit expansion fertilizer in late July, and the base fertilizer in late October. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the other three fertilizers are mainly compound fertilizer.

[0054] EC sensors monitor the EC value of the 0-20cm soil layer in real time. The EC sensor deployment density is one sensor for every five fruit trees. The sensor probe is inserted into the soil to a depth of 10cm, and the data acquisition frequency is once every 2 hours. The acquired data is synchronized to the fertilization control terminal in real time via a wireless transmission module. When the EC value of the soil layer is detected to be >1.6mS / cm, the system automatically switches to the other side of the fruit tree for trenching and fertilization. The single application rate of compound fertilizer is 8-10kg / tree, with N:P2O5:K2O=18:10:17; the application rate of base fertilizer is 20-25kg / tree, combined with 1kg / tree of superphosphate and 0.5kg / tree of potassium sulfate. This single-sided alternating trenching method improves fertilizer utilization rate by more than 12%.

[0055] Apply fertilizer by alternating trenches on one side, with a trench depth of 15-18cm and a trench width of 12cm. Apply 8-10kg of fertilizer per tree per application. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the fertilizer should be 18:10:17. The direction of trenching for alternating trenching on one side should be at a 45° angle to the direction of the fruit tree row. The trenching positions of two adjacent applications should be offset by 5-8cm along both sides of the fruit tree to avoid repeated trenching in the same location, which could lead to soil compaction.

[0056] Step 4: Timing control of flower and fruit management: Construct a timing engine for flower and fruit management, accumulate orchard growth days (GDD) (base temperature 10℃) in real time, and monitor the rate of shoot cessation.

[0057] When the growth temperature reaches 450℃・d and the shoot cessation rate is ≥80%, an automatic prompt will be triggered, indicating a ±2-day window for applying branching agent. The applied branching agent concentration is 500mg / L, focusing on spraying the tips of branches and lateral buds. The spraying amount should be such that the branches are moist but not dripping. The flower and fruit management timeline engine also includes a flowering period temperature warning function. The shoot cessation rate is calculated by randomly sampling 30 branches, and the shoot cessation rate = number of cessation branches / total number of branches × 100%.

[0058] When the GDD reaches 300℃・d to 450℃・d, if the average daily temperature is >28℃ and lasts for more than 3 days, the "branching agent application window" will be automatically extended to ±3 days, and a suggestion to supplement foliar calcium fertilizer will be made, i.e., spray with 0.3% calcium nitrate solution + 0.2% borax solution, and spray again after an interval of 7 days; during the flowering period, bees should be released for pollination, with 2-3 beehives per acre, or artificial pollination should be carried out to ensure that the pollen germination rate is ≥85%;

[0059] Thin the flowers 10 days after flowering, retaining 2-3 central flowers in each inflorescence; thin the fruit 30 days after flowering, retaining fruit at a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 30:1, removing deformed, diseased, insect-infested, and weak fruit, and ensuring that the distance between fruits is ≥15cm.

[0060] Step 5: Blockchain Traceability of Orchard Establishment Data: Generate an identifier from the entire orchard establishment data process, including micro-ridge planting, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management. Write the identifier into the blockchain to generate a unique identifier (UID). This UID will serve as the 0th node for subsequent product traceability.

[0061] The blockchain UID contains specific orchard establishment data including: GPS survey coordinate data, soil physicochemical parameter test reports, ridging construction records, seedling variety purity test results, fertilization time and amount records, EC value monitoring logs, GDD cumulative data, and branch growth status image data. In other words, all the data in the entire process, such as soil pretreatment records, seedling test reports, GPS survey data, ridging construction parameters, fertilization and irrigation logs, EC value monitoring data, GDD cumulative data, flower and fruit management records, and pest and disease control records, are written into the blockchain to generate a unique UID, which serves as the "0th node" for product traceability. Consumers can scan the QR code to query information on the entire orchard establishment and production process.

[0062] Specifically, the data blockchain traceability process is as follows:

[0063] Data collection and on-chain processing: Data on micro-ridge planting, dynamic settings for wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management are collected through IoT devices, sensors, and manual labor. After generation, the data is packaged into data blocks, each containing:

[0064] Timestamp: Precisely records the moment when data was generated;

[0065] Data hash value: A unique, fixed-length digital fingerprint generated for a data block using an encryption algorithm (such as SHA-256). Any minor alteration to the original data will result in a complete change to the hash value.

[0066] The hash value of the previous data block: Store this hash value in the current data block to form a chain structure, ensuring strict order and association between blocks;

[0067] Blockchain Network and Consensus: The collected data blocks will be broadcast to a consortium blockchain network composed of multiple nodes authorized by orchard management, agricultural input suppliers, certification bodies and regulatory authorities. The nodes in the network verify and confirm the validity of the data through a predefined consensus mechanism, such as the Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm. Once a consensus is reached, the data block will be permanently added to the blockchain.

[0068] Generation and application of unique identifier UID: The system generates a unique blockchain-based identifier UID for each orchard or each batch of seedlings. This UID serves as the "root" key for the orchard's digital identity and is the 0th node for all subsequent data.

[0069] The expanded list of garden construction data specifically written into the blockchain also includes geographic information data, soil baseline data, construction and plant protection records, precision farming records, environmental monitoring logs, growth model data, and multimedia evidence. The geographic information data includes GPS stakeout coordinate data and 3D model data of the ridges; the soil baseline data consists of a comprehensive test report of soil physicochemical parameters, including but not limited to root bark rate, bulk density, pH value, organic matter content, and trace element spectrum; the construction and plant protection records include ridge-making construction records (including equipment parameters and compaction test logs), seedling variety purity DNA test results, and quarantine certificates; the precision farming records include the time of each fertilization, GPS location (specifically down to the row and plant), trenching depth and angle, fertilizer formula, and precise dosage records; the environmental monitoring logs include historical data from EC sensor monitoring and groundwater level fluctuation records; the growth model data includes cumulative process data of growth days, monitoring records and analysis reports of shoot cessation rate, triggered agricultural operation reminders (such as branching hormone window period), and execution records; and the multimedia evidence includes image data of shoot growth status during key growth stages of seedlings and high-definition images of the flowering and fruiting period.

[0070] Traceability and Value Realization: Consumers or regulatory agencies can access the blockchain system by scanning the QR code on the fruit packaging. After entering the product or orchard UID, they can transparently query all key data from the orchard's inception, achieving end-to-end reliable traceability. This enhances brand reputation and consumer trust, provides irrefutable data support for applying for high-standard certifications such as organic and green, and offers a precise data feedback loop for optimizing the production process.

[0071] The orchard uses a drip irrigation system with a dripper flow rate of 2-3 L / h. The irrigation amount is adjusted according to the data from the soil temperature and humidity sensor. No irrigation is needed when the soil moisture content around the seedlings is 60-80% of the field capacity. Drip irrigation is started when it is below 60%. Each irrigation is 15-20 m³ / mu. Irrigation time is chosen in the early morning or evening.

[0072] When establishing the orchard, green pest control measures should be implemented, including installing frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps and pheromone traps. Frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps should be installed at a rate of 30 mu / lamp, and pheromone traps should be installed at a rate of 20 seedlings / seedling. The frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps and pheromone traps are used to monitor the occurrence of pests such as aphids and spider mites. Before the seedlings sprout, spray lime sulfur solution at 3-5 Baume degrees, and spray biological pesticides during the growing season. Biological pesticides such as matrine and Bacillus subtilis should be applied ≤6 times per year.

[0073] During the management of orchards grafted with H1358 apple rootstock, shaping and pruning are required to form a spindle shape. The trunk height should be 80-90cm in the year of planting. When the new shoots grow to 25-30cm in summer, the new shoots need to be pinched off. In winter, pruning should be carried out to remove overly dense branches and vigorous branches, retaining strong fruiting branches, and cultivating a well-ventilated and light-permeable canopy structure.

[0074] During the management period, the orchard needs to be protected against winter. In late November, the tree trunks should be whitewashed with a mixture of quicklime, sulfur powder and water in a ratio of 10:1:40. In winter, the roots should be mounded with soil to a depth of 15-20cm. Young trees should be covered with a frost-proof film, and mature trees should be protected with windbreaks to ensure safe overwintering.

[0075] Example 1: The environment is the production area at latitude 36°N;

[0076] Step 1: Shallow Planting on Small Ridges: Preparatory work for orchard establishment includes soil pretreatment, seedling selection, and equipment deployment. The soil type is sandy loam. Seedlings from the orchard establishment area have a root bark rate ≥72%, soil bulk density 1.35g / cm³, groundwater level 1.8m, and soil pH 6.8. The ridge height is 8-10cm, the ridge width is 60-70cm, and the ridge spacing is calculated based on dynamic row spacing. The selected small ridges on the GPS layout map have a ridge height of 9cm and a ridge width of 65cm. The graft union of the apple rootstock H1358 seedlings should be 2-3cm above the ground. A GPS layout map is then generated.

[0077] When planting, plant according to the points marked by GPS. The planting depth of the seedlings should be such that the original soil mark of the seedling is level with the ridge surface. After planting, water to settle the roots. After the water has seeped in, cover with black mulch. The black mulch should be 80cm wide and the edges of the mulch should be compacted with soil.

[0078] Step 2, Dynamic Setting of Wide Rows and Narrow Plants: Use the dynamic row spacing calculation formula to determine the row spacing and match the row spacing with the plant spacing;

[0079] Row spacing = 3.5 + 0.1 × (36 - 35) - 0.2 = 3.4 m;

[0080] The plant spacing is fixed at 1.5m, and the planting density per mu is approximately 130 plants = 666.7 ÷ (3.4 × 1.5) ≈ 130 plants.

[0081] When planting, the seedlings are planted in a north-south direction and arranged in a triangular pattern on the ridge. The lateral offset distance between two adjacent rows of seedlings is 0.75m to ensure that the crown width / row spacing is ≤0.65 after the crown width is expanded, thus ensuring ventilation and light penetration in the field.

[0082] Step 3: Alternating trenching and fertilization on one side: EC sensors are installed in the orchard soil to monitor the EC value of the 0-20cm soil layer in real time. When the EC value of this soil layer is >1.6mS / cm, the system automatically switches to the other side of the fruit tree for trenching and fertilization. This alternating trenching method on one side improves fertilizer utilization, which is 12.3% higher than the traditional method.

[0083] Step 4: Timing control of flower and fruit management: Construct a timing engine for flower and fruit management, accumulate orchard growth days (GDD) in real time and monitor the rate of shoot cessation, monitor the annual average temperature of 12.5℃, and automatically trigger the "branching agent application ±2-day window period" prompt when the growth days reach 450℃・d and the rate of shoot cessation is ≥80%.

[0084] Step 5: Blockchain Traceability of Orchard Establishment Data: Write the entire process of orchard establishment data, including micro-ridge planting, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management, into the blockchain to generate a unique identifier (UID). The UID serves as the "0th node" for subsequent product traceability.

[0085] The orchard uses a drip irrigation system, which controls irrigation based on the annual rainfall of 650mm, saving 25% of irrigation water. The blockchain traceability system enables full transparency of the process and includes green pest and disease control, pruning, and winter protection.

[0086] The results were as follows: the plants flowered and bore fruit in the second year after planting, the yield reached 1,500 kg per mu in the third year, and entered the peak production period in the fifth year, with the yield remaining stable at over 3,000 kg per mu.

[0087] The fruit has a soluble solids content of 14.5-16.0%, a coloring rate of ≥90%, and a pest and disease incidence rate of ≤5%. Example 2: Production area at latitude 40°N.

[0088] Step 1: Shallow Planting with Micro-ridges: Preparatory work for orchard establishment includes soil pretreatment, seedling selection, and equipment deployment. The soil type is Loess Plateau brown soil. Seedlings from the orchard establishment area have a root bark rate ≥72%, soil bulk density 1.32g / cm³, groundwater level 1.6m, and soil pH=7.6. The ridge height is 10-12cm, the ridge width is 70-80cm, and the ridge spacing is calculated based on dynamic row spacing. The selected micro-ridge height on the GPS layout map is 11cm, and the ridge width is 75cm. The graft union of the apple rootstock H1358 seedling is 2-3cm above the ground. A GPS layout map is generated.

[0089] When planting, plant according to the points marked by GPS. The planting depth of the seedlings should be such that the original soil mark of the seedling is level with the ridge surface. After planting, water to settle the roots. After the water has seeped in, cover with black mulch. The black mulch should be 80cm wide and the edges of the mulch should be compacted with soil.

[0090] Step 2, Dynamic Setting of Wide Rows and Narrow Plants: Use the dynamic row spacing calculation formula to determine the row spacing and match the row spacing with the plant spacing;

[0091] Row spacing = 3.5 + 0.1 × (40 - 35) + 0.2 = 4.2 m;

[0092] The plant spacing is fixed at 1.5m, and the planting density per mu is approximately 105 plants = 666.7 ÷ (4.2 × 1.5) ≈ 105 plants.

[0093] When planting, the seedlings should be planted in a north-south direction, arranged in a triangular pattern on the ridges. After the crown spreads, the crown width / row spacing should be ≤0.65 to ensure ventilation and light penetration in the field.

[0094] Step 3: Alternating ditching and fertilization on one side: EC sensors are installed in the orchard soil to monitor the EC value of the 0-20cm soil layer in real time. When the EC value of this soil layer is >1.6mS / cm, the system automatically switches to the other side of the fruit tree for ditching and fertilization. This alternating ditching method improves fertilizer utilization and effectively avoids soil salinization, keeping the EC value of the 0-20cm soil layer stable at 1.2-1.5mS / cm.

[0095] Step 4: Timing Control of Flower and Fruit Management: Construct a timing engine for flower and fruit management, accumulate orchard growth days (GDD) in real time and monitor the rate of shoot cessation. Monitor the average annual temperature of 10.8℃. When the growth days reach 450℃・d and the rate of shoot cessation is ≥80%, automatically trigger the "branching agent application ±2-day window period" prompt. Due to the high latitude, the timing engine can precisely control the application window period of branching agent to match the growth rhythm of shoots, increasing the flower bud differentiation rate by 18%.

[0096] Step 5: Blockchain Traceability of Orchard Establishment Data: The entire process of orchard establishment data, including shallow planting with micro-ridges, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management, is written into the blockchain to generate a unique identifier (UID). The UID serves as the "0th node" for subsequent product traceability. The blockchain UID enables full data traceability from orchard establishment to harvest.

[0097] The orchard uses a drip irrigation system for irrigation, which is controlled according to the annual rainfall of 580mm. The blockchain traceability system enables full transparency of the process and carries out green prevention and control of diseases and pests, pruning and overwintering protection.

[0098] The results were as follows: flowering was observed in the second year after planting, the yield was 1200 kg per mu in the third year, and the yield reached 2800 kg per mu in the fifth year.

[0099] The fruit firmness is 7.5-8.0 kg / cm², the titratable acid content is 0.25-0.30%, and the rate of high-quality fruit is ≥85%.

[0100] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-standard orchard management method for apple green rootstock, characterized by: Includes the following steps: Step 1, shallow planting with small ridges: Collect key parameters such as root bark ratio, soil bulk density and groundwater level in the orchard area, and generate a GPS layout map based on the parameters; Step 2, Dynamic Setting of Wide Rows and Narrow Plants: Use the dynamic row spacing calculation formula to determine the row spacing and match the row spacing with the plant spacing; Step 3: Alternating trenching and fertilization on one side: EC sensors are installed in the orchard soil to monitor the EC value of the soil layer in real time. Based on the monitoring value, trenching and fertilization are carried out on one side of the fruit trees in rotation. Step 4: Timing control of flower and fruit management: Construct a timing engine for flower and fruit management to accumulate orchard growth days in real time and monitor the rate of branch stunting. Step 5: Blockchain traceability of orchard establishment data: Generate identifiers for the entire orchard establishment process data, including micro-ridge planting, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management.

2. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters collected in step one are within the following ranges: root bark rate ≥72%, soil bulk density 1.3-1.4 g / cm³, groundwater level 1.5-2.0 m. The GPS stakeout map limits the ridge height to 8-12 cm, and the height of the interface of the apple green rootstock H1358 seedling above the ground is 2-3 cm. The generation of the GPS stakeout map is also related to the soil pH parameter. When the soil pH is 6.0-7.5, the ridge height is 8-10 cm; when the soil pH is 5.5-6.0 or 7.5-8.0, the ridge height is 10-12 cm.

3. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apples using green rootstock as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the ridging machine used for shallow planting is equipped with an RTK-GPS receiver and a soil compaction sensor. After ridging, the soil compaction of the ridge is detected in real time. When the compaction is 1.1-1.2 g / cm³, it is considered qualified. If the compaction is >1.2 g / cm³, the machine's loosening device is activated to loosen the surface soil of the ridge to a depth of 3-5 cm.

4. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating dynamic line spacing in step two is as follows: The row spacing is in meters, and the plant spacing is fixed at 1.5 meters.

5. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants in step two, the latitude range is 35°N-42°N. When the latitude is >38°N, the row spacing calculation formula takes a correction value of +0.2m; when the latitude is <38°N, the row spacing calculation formula takes a correction value of -0.2m; when the latitude is 38°N, the row spacing is 3.5+0.1×(38-35)=3.8m.

6. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the EC sensor monitors the EC value of the 0-20cm soil layer in real time. The EC sensor is deployed at a density of one sensor for every five fruit trees. The sensor probe is inserted into the soil to a depth of 10cm. The data collection frequency is once every two hours. The collected data is synchronized to the fertilization control terminal in real time through a wireless transmission module. When the EC value of the soil layer is detected to be >1.6mS / cm, the system automatically switches to the other side of the fruit tree for trenching and fertilization.

7. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the fertilizer is applied by alternating trenching on one side. The trench depth is 15-18cm, the trench width is 12cm, and the amount of fertilizer applied at one time is 8-10kg / tree. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the fertilizer used is 18:10:17, and the trenching direction of alternating trenching and fertilization on one side is at a 45° angle to the row direction of the fruit trees.

8. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, when the growth day reaches 450℃・d and the shoot cessation rate is ≥80%, an automatic prompt is triggered, indicating a ±2-day window for applying branching agent. The flower and fruit management time sequence engine also includes a flowering period temperature warning function. When the growth day (GDD) reaches 300℃・d to 450℃・d, if the average daily temperature is >28℃ and lasts for more than 3 days, the application window for branching agent is automatically extended to ±3 days, and a prompt is made to supplement foliar calcium fertilizer.

9. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apple green rootstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the identifier is written into the blockchain to generate a unique identifier (UID). This UID serves as the 0th node for subsequent product traceability. The blockchain UID contains garden construction data including GPS survey coordinate data, soil physicochemical parameter test reports, ridging construction records, seedling variety purity test results, fertilization time and dosage records, EC value monitoring logs, GDD cumulative data, and branch growth status image data.

10. The method for high-standard orchard establishment and production management of apples using green rootstock as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The data blockchain traceability process in step five is as follows: Data collection and uploading: Data on micro-ridge planting, dynamic setting of wide rows and narrow plants, alternating ditching and fertilization on one side, and flower and fruit management are collected through IoT devices, sensors, and manual labor. After the data is generated, it will be packaged into a data block. Blockchain Network and Consensus: The collected data blocks will be broadcast to a consortium blockchain network composed of multiple nodes authorized by orchard management, agricultural input suppliers, certification bodies and regulatory authorities. The nodes in the network verify and confirm the validity of the data through a predefined consensus mechanism. Once a consensus is reached, the data block will be permanently added to the blockchain. Generation and application of unique identifiers (UIDs): The system generates a unique, blockchain-based identifier (UID) for each orchard or batch of seedlings. This UID serves as the root key for the orchard's digital identity and is the zeroth node for all subsequent data. The extended list of orchard construction data written into the blockchain also includes geographic information data, soil baseline data, construction and plant protection records, precision farming records, environmental monitoring logs, growth model data, and multimedia evidence. Geographic information data includes GPS survey coordinate data and ridge 3D model data, while soil baseline data includes comprehensive analysis of soil physicochemical parameters. The test report, construction and plant protection records include ridging construction records, seedling variety purity DNA test results, quarantine certificates, precision farming records including the time of each fertilization, GPS location, trenching depth and angle, fertilizer formula and precise dosage records, environmental monitoring logs including the entire historical data monitored by EC sensors and groundwater level fluctuation records, growth model data including the cumulative process data of growth days, monitoring records and analysis reports of shoot cessation rate, triggered agricultural operation reminders and execution records, and multimedia evidence including image data of shoot growth status during key growth stages of seedlings and high-definition pictures of flowering and fruiting periods. Traceability and Value Realization: Consumers or regulatory agencies can access the blockchain system by scanning the QR code on the fruit packaging and, after entering the product or orchard UID, can transparently query all key data from the beginning of the orchard's establishment.

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