Method for intercropping insect-susceptible soybean varieties at different maturity periods to culture hawkmoths and harvest pods

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturities to breed bean hawkmoths and harvest bean pods. The method comprises intercropping soybeans of different maturities and insect-susceptibility in a net room or in a field. When the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties develop to the R1-R5 stage, the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties develop to the V5-R2 stage. The bean hawkmoth eggs are placed in egg protection bags or egg strips. After the bean hawkmoth larvae are hatched for 4-6 days, the bean hawkmoth larvae are released and freely feed, and the young larvae preferentially feed on the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plants at the hatching position. When the leaves of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties have been eaten up when they grow to 4-5 years old, most of the bean hawkmoth larvae will gradually transfer to the plants of the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to continue to feed on the leaves. At this time, the bean pods of the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties are basically fully developed, but the leaves can still photosynthesize and can be fed by the 4-5-year-old bean hawkmoth larvae, and the larvae growth and development are hardly affected by the later food conditions, so it is possible to achieve the harvesting of green bean pods or soybean grains while breeding bean hawkmoths.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for breeding bean hawkmoths and harvesting bean pods by intercropping insect-susceptible soybean varieties at different maturity periods, and belongs to the field of resource insect breeding and soybean planting. Background Art

[0002] Bean moth ( Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell), also known as the soybean hawkmoth, is widely distributed in the Huanghuai and Yangtze River basins, southern China, Japan, India, and the Korean Peninsula. In natural environments, the moth produces one (in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui) to two (in Hubei and Jiangxi) generations per year. Mature larvae overwinter in the 15 cm soil layer in November. Under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, they pupate in the soil in June of the following year. They emerge as adults in July, mate, and lay eggs. July and August, when rainfall is high and temperatures are favorable, can trigger large-scale outbreaks of the moth. Adults are 40 to 46 mm long, with yellowish-brown wings and a dark brown head and thorax. They hide on the undersides of lush leaves during the day and emerge at night to feed on nectar. They are highly active and phototactic.

[0003] The flesh of bean hawkmoth larvae is non-toxic and harmless, rich in protein and various nutrients. Cooking it in a dish is not only delicious but also boosts immunity and has special benefits for treating stomach colds and malnutrition. Therefore, improving bean hawkmoth breeding technology will help meet market demand for bean hawkmoth larvae. Currently, bean hawkmoth breeding primarily relies on field and cage farming. Harvesting bean caterpillars is the primary focus of this breeding process. However, the production process for bean hawkmoths is plagued by the inability to simultaneously harvest both hawkmoth larvae and green bean pods / dry grains. In production, late-maturing soybean varieties susceptible to the insect are primarily cultivated, resulting in high bean hawkmoth larvae yields but preventing the harvesting of green bean pods / dry grains. Therefore, achieving high yields of both hawkmoth larvae and green bean pods / dry grains requires breakthroughs and innovations in both technology and soybean variety resources.

[0004] In the cultivation of bean curd, the breeding bases are often affected by severe natural weather such as typhoons and heavy rains, as well as unexpected aerial spraying, which causes the death of larvae and serious losses, resulting in the farmers losing all their profits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping susceptible soybean varieties at different maturity stages to culture bean hawkmoths and harvest bean pods, so as to solve the technical problem that the traditional bean hawkmoth artificial breeding model cannot achieve a double harvest of bean hawkmoth larvae and green bean pods / dry grains.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to culture hornworms and harvest pods, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Prepare production materials, including a net house or bird-proof net, early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties, late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties, and net bags or perforated egg strips. The net house is made of a steel pipe skeleton structure and covered with gauze. The net bag has an open end and a closed end, and is used to cover the leaves of the soybean plant. The perforated egg strips are hard bag-like structures with a pore size smaller than that of the bean hornworm eggs and larger than that of the newly hatched larvae.

[0008] Step 2: Sow soybeans in a net room or in the field. The sowing ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 1:1. Early-maturing vegetable soybeans and late-maturing insect-susceptible soybeans are planted alternately in an intercropping pattern.

[0009] Step 3: When the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties grow to the R1-R5 stage, and the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties grow to the V5-R2 stage, use mesh bags or perforated egg strips to hang eggs; at this time, put the milky white bean hawkmoth eggs in the mesh bags or perforated egg strips, and put 10 to 40 bean hawkmoth eggs in each mesh bag or perforated egg strip. Put the mesh bags containing bean hawkmoth eggs on the inverted trefoil of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plants, or fold and seal the perforated egg strips containing bean hawkmoth eggs at both ends and fix them on the inverted trefoil of the plant, put 2 inverted trefoil in each mesh bag, and the overall egg hanging density in the mesh room is 10 to 40 eggs / m 2 ;

[0010] Step 4: After 4-6 days of hanging eggs, if perforated egg strips are used, directly count the hatching status; if mesh bags are used, remove the mesh bags and allow the larvae to feed freely within the mesh chamber. When the mesh bags are removed, record the number of larvae in the bags and count the hatching status. If the overall hatching rate of larvae is less than 50%, hang additional bean hawkmoth eggs. When sowing soybeans in the field, after the eggs hatch, cover the soybean seedlings with bird-proof netting to prevent birds from preying on the larvae.

[0011] Step 5: After the bean moth larvae have grown to mature larvae 23 to 35 days after hatching, the bean moth larvae in the net room are harvested in batches. When the larvae are longer than 6 cm or weigh more than 8 grams, the mature larvae that are about to bury themselves are harvested. If the larvae do not meet this requirement, harvesting is postponed for 1 to 3 days.

[0012] Step 6: After all bean moth larvae are harvested, harvest the green pods of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties indoors or harvest the dry grains after they mature 3-10 days later.

[0013] In the step 2, the sowing ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 2:1 under spring and summer sowing conditions, and is 2:1 to 1:1 under autumn sowing conditions.

[0014] In the step 2, the sowing density of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties is 20-40% higher than the sowing density of monocropped soybeans, and the sowing density of monocropped early-maturing vegetable soybeans is 14,000-16,000 plants / mu. The sowing density of late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 5-20% higher than the sowing density of monocropped soybeans, and the sowing density of monocropped late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 12,000-14,000 plants / mu.

[0015] In step 3, under the conditions of spring sowing and summer sowing, the number of eggs in each net bag is 20-40, and the overall egg density in the net room is 20 to 40 eggs / m 2 Under autumn sowing conditions, the number of eggs in each net bag is 10-30, and the overall egg density in the net room is 10 to 30 eggs / m 2 .

[0016] In step 3, the optimal egg hanging density in the net room is: under spring and summer sowing conditions, the egg hanging density is 40 eggs / m 2 Under autumn sowing conditions, the egg density is 30 eggs / m 2 .

[0017] In the step 4, when the overall egg density in the net room is greater than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 50%, the eggs of the bean moth are added; when the overall egg density in the net room is less than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 70%, the eggs of the bean moth are added; when the overall egg density in the net room is greater than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 20,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 70%, the eggs of the bean moth should be added; when the overall egg density in the net room is less than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 20,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 85%, the bean hornworm eggs should be added.

[0018] In the step 5, under spring sowing conditions, the bean hornworm larvae are harvested in batches 30 days after the eggs are laid; under summer sowing conditions, the bean hornworm larvae are harvested in batches 23 days after the eggs are laid; under autumn sowing conditions, the bean hornworm larvae are harvested in batches 28 days after the eggs are laid.

[0019] The specifications of the net house are 6 m×4 m to 70 m×10 m, the mesh number of the gauze covering the net house is 40-60 mesh, and the edge of the gauze covering the net house is buried under a 20 cm deep soil layer; the size of the net bag is 15 cm×20 cm, and the material of the net bag is organza; the mesh size of the bird-proof net is 1×1 cm to 2×2 cm.

[0020] In step 2, soybeans are sown in rows or holes in a net room. When sowing in rows, the row length is 1 m to 10 m, and the row spacing × plant spacing is 0.5 m × 0.1 m; when sowing in holes, the row spacing is 0.4 m to 0.5 m, the hole spacing is 0.2 m to 0.3 m, and 2-3 seedlings are left in each hole.

[0021] Different intercropping variety combinations are used in different sowing seasons. The insect-susceptible late-maturing soybean varieties used under spring sowing conditions are Nannong 1138-2, Nannong 89-29 and Nannong 18-25, and the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety is Taiwan 75; the insect-susceptible late-maturing soybean variety used under summer and autumn sowing conditions is Jianli Niumaohuang, and the early-maturing soybean variety for grain harvesting is Ruidou No. 1; the insect-resistant soybean varieties under summer sowing conditions include Shangrao August White, Green Beans, Niujiao Beans and Erhuangdou-1; the insect-resistant soybean varieties under autumn sowing conditions include Daqingdou, Xiaohuangdou-2, Erhuangdou-1 and Baimodou.

[0022] The invention has the following beneficial effects: soybeans of different maturity groups are intercropped in a net room or in the field, wherein the ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 1:1 according to the sowing season and variety characteristics; when the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties develop to the R1-R5 stage, the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties have just developed to the V5-R2 stage, milky white bean hornworm eggs are placed in a net bag and placed on the upper third of the leaves of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plants for feeding, or the bean hornworm eggs are placed in a perforated egg strip and pinned to the leaves, and after hatching, the larvae drill out of the mesh of the perforated egg strip and feed freely. Because the young larvae of the bean hornworm before the fourth instar have poor mobility and will preferentially feed on the insect-susceptible varieties, when the bean hornworm larvae grow to the fourth to fifth instar, since the leaves of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties have been completely eaten, most of the bean hornworm larvae will gradually move to the plants of the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to continue feeding on the leaves. At the same time, the pods of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties have basically fully developed, but the leaves can still photosynthesize and can be eaten by 4-5 instar bean hawkmoth larvae. Due to the better ventilation and other reasons in the intercropping mode, the weight of single larvae is more concentrated, and there are no larvae with very light weight, while a large number of underdeveloped larvae (single head less than 2g) appear in the monocropping mode. Through the exchange feeding experiment, it was found that the growth and development of 4-5 instar bean hawkmoth larvae feeding on the vegetable soybean leaves that have bulged grains is almost unaffected. Therefore, the present invention increases ventilation and light transmission by intercropping early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties with late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties, and can harvest green bean pods or soybean grains while breeding bean hawkmoths, thereby increasing the income of bean hawkmoth breeding per unit area, improving the risk resistance of bean hawkmoth breeding, and achieving a double harvest of beans.

[0023] The present invention can achieve a double harvest of bean hawkmoth larvae and green bean pods or soybean grains, increasing the yield of green bean pods or soybean grains without reducing the yield of bean pods, and can improve the income per unit area from soybean and bean hawkmoth cultivation. Under the intercropping mode of the present invention, even if the bean hawkmoth is affected by severe natural weather such as typhoons and heavy rains, or by unexpected aerial spraying, even if the larvae suffer serious losses, the ability to resist risks in bean hawkmoth cultivation is improved because green bean pods or soybean grains can be harvested. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Here are photos of the changes in soybean plants under intercropping and monocropping patterns at different maturity groups in the net room;

[0025] Figure 2 These are photos of soybean plants in intercropping and monocropping modes at different maturity groups;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the differences in single larval weight, plot larval weight, and larval survival rate between intercropping and monocropping modes;

[0027] Figure 4 is a table comparing bean hornworm larvae and green bean pod yield under intercropping and monocropping systems (Mean ± SE);

[0028] Figure 5 This is the feeding schedule for each treatment (level combination) in the exchange feeding experiment;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the difference in weight of single larvae at 18 and 25 days old and the survival rate of larvae at 25 days old in the exchange feeding experiment;

[0030] Figure 7 These are comparative photos of 25-day-old larvae of the bean moth under different treatments in the exchange feeding experiment;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a table of descriptive statistics and variance analysis of agronomic traits and larval weight of plants in different sowing seasons;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a scatter plot of the weight of 18-day-old single larvae of the bean moth and the yield of soybean per plant in soybean materials of different sowing seasons;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a selection table for insect-resistant soybean materials suitable for feeding bean hornworm larvae;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a table showing the growth stages and lodging types of different soybean varieties during egg laying and insect harvesting in a spring sowing and isolation feeding experiment in a net house.

[0035] Figure 12This is a diagram showing the differences in growth indices and agronomic traits of soybean larvae at different maturity stages and lodging types in a spring-sown net-house isolation feeding experiment.

[0036] Figure 13 It is a scatter plot of the larval weight in the plots of the spring sowing net room isolated feeding experiment, the number of larvae in the plots, and the weight of a single larva;

[0037] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] A method for intercropping susceptible soybean varieties at different maturity stages to culture hornworms and harvesting bean pods according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Prepare production materials, including net houses or bird-proof nets, early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties, late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties, and net bags or perforated egg strips.

[0041] The net house is made of a steel pipe frame structure and is covered with gauze. The specifications of the net house are 6 m×4 m to 70 m×10 m. The mesh number of the gauze covering the net house is 40-60 mesh. The edge of the gauze covering the net house is buried under a 20 cm deep soil layer.

[0042] The mesh size of the bird-proof net is 1×1 cm to 2×2 cm.

[0043] The mesh bag is a structure with one end open and the other end closed, and is used to be put on the leaves of soybean plants; the size of the mesh bag is 15 cm×20 cm, and the material of the mesh bag is organza.

[0044] The perforated egg strip is a hard bag-shaped structure, and the aperture thereof is smaller than that of the eggs of the bean moth and larger than that of the newly hatched larvae.

[0045] Step 2: Sow soybeans in a net room or in the field. The sowing ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 1:1. Early-maturing vegetable soybeans and late-maturing insect-susceptible soybeans are planted alternately in an intercropping pattern.

[0046] In this step, the sowing ratio can vary according to the sowing season and variety characteristics. The sowing ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 2:1 under spring and summer sowing conditions, and 2:1 to 1:1 under autumn sowing conditions.

[0047] In this step, the sowing density of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties is 20-40% higher than the sowing density of monocropping soybeans, and the sowing density of monocropping early-maturing vegetable soybeans is 14,000-16,000 plants / mu. The sowing density of late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 5-20% higher than the sowing density of monocropping soybeans, and the sowing density of monocropping late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 12,000-14,000 plants / mu.

[0048] Soybeans can be sown in rows or holes in the net room. When sowing in rows, the row length is 1 m to 10 m, and the row spacing × plant spacing is 0.5 m × 0.1 m; when sowing in holes, the row spacing is 0.4 m to 0.5 m, the hole spacing is 0.2 m to 0.3 m, and 2-3 seedlings are left in each hole.

[0049] Step 3: When the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties grow to the R1-R5 stage, and the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties grow to the V5-R2 stage, use mesh bags or perforated egg strips to hang eggs; at this time, put the milky white bean hawkmoth eggs in the mesh bags or perforated egg strips, and put 10 to 40 bean hawkmoth eggs in each mesh bag or perforated egg strip. Put the mesh bags containing bean hawkmoth eggs on the inverted trefoil of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plants, or fold and seal the perforated egg strips containing bean hawkmoth eggs at both ends and fix them on the plants (the perforated egg strips can be pinned to the leaves with toothpicks), put 2 inverted trefoil leaves in each mesh bag, and the overall egg hanging density in the mesh room is 10 to 40 eggs / m 2 .

[0050] The number of eggs and the density of hanging eggs can be flexibly adjusted according to the growth of bean seedlings, weather conditions and the price of eggs at that time. Under the conditions of spring sowing and summer sowing, the number of eggs in each net bag is 20-40, and the overall hanging egg density in the net room is 20 to 40 eggs / m 2 Under autumn sowing conditions, the number of eggs in each net bag is 10-30, and the overall egg density in the net room is 10 to 30 eggs / m 2 .

[0051] The best overall egg density in the net room is: under spring and summer sowing conditions, the egg density is 40 eggs / m 2 Under autumn sowing conditions, the egg density is 30 eggs / m 2 .

[0052] Step 4: After 4-6 days of hanging eggs, if perforated egg strips are used, directly count the hatching status; if mesh bags are used, remove the mesh bags and allow the larvae to feed freely within the mesh chamber. When the mesh bags are removed, record the number of larvae in the bags and count the hatching status. If the overall hatching rate of larvae is less than 50%, hang additional bean hawkmoth eggs. When sowing soybeans in the field, after the eggs hatch, cover the soybean seedlings with bird-proof netting to prevent birds from preying on the larvae.

[0053] In this step, eggs should be added immediately according to the soybean planting density, egg density and hatching rate.2 When the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 50%, the eggs of the bean moth are added; when the overall egg density in the net room is less than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 70%, the eggs of the bean moth are added; when the overall egg density in the net room is greater than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 20,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 70%, the eggs of the bean moth should be added; when the overall egg density in the net room is less than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 20,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 85%, the bean hornworm eggs should be added.

[0054] Step 5: After the bean moth larvae have grown to mature larvae 23 to 35 days after hatching, the bean moth larvae in the net room are harvested in batches. When the larvae are longer than 6 cm or weigh more than 8 grams, the mature larvae that are about to bury themselves are harvested. If the larvae do not meet this requirement, harvesting is postponed for 1 to 3 days.

[0055] In this step, the larvae are harvested based on the specific sowing date and local weather conditions. For spring sowing, the larvae are harvested in batches approximately 30 days after laying eggs; for summer sowing, the larvae are harvested in batches approximately 23 days after laying eggs; and for autumn sowing, the larvae are harvested in batches approximately 28 days after laying eggs.

[0056] Step 6: After all bean moth larvae are harvested, harvest the green pods of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties indoors or harvest the dry grains after they mature 3-10 days later.

[0057] During the bean hornworm rearing process, no pesticides are used. If other leaf-feeding pests are present, they are trapped with appropriate sex attractants. The varieties used are those specifically designed for bean hornworm rearing, screened through the isolated net-house feeding method. They exhibit resistance to lodging, high leaf biomass, and high larval survival rates. Selecting insect-resistant varieties will help increase grain yield. Different intercropping combinations are used for different sowing seasons. For spring sowing, the insect-susceptible late-maturing soybean varieties used are Nannong 1138-2, Nannong 89-29, and Nannong 18-25, while the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety is Taiwan 75. For summer and autumn sowing, the insect-susceptible late-maturing soybean variety used is Jianli Niumaohuang, while the early-maturing, grain-harvesting soybean variety is Ruidou No. 1. Summer-sown insect-resistant soybean varieties include Shangrao Bayuebai, Qingdou, Niujiaodou, and Erhuangdou-1; autumn-sown insect-resistant soybean varieties include Daqingdou, Xiaohuangdou-2, Erhuangdou-1, and Baimodou.

[0058] The invention discloses a method for breeding bean hawkmoths and harvesting bean pods by intercropping susceptible soybean varieties at different maturity periods, which can achieve a double harvest of bean hawkmoth larvae and green bean pods, thereby increasing the bean hawkmoth breeding income per unit area.

[0059] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific experimental procedures. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following experiments can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0060] To verify the effect of rearing hornworms under the intercropping pattern of soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages, two soybean cultivation patterns were set up. One was the intercropping pattern of soybeans at different maturity stages, in which the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety Taiwan 75 and the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety Nannong 1138-2 were intercropped at a ratio of 2:1 in the net room; the other was the monoculture pattern of conventional late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties, in which the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety Nannong 1138-2 was planted exclusively in the net room.

[0061] The operating steps of the intercropping pattern experiment of soybeans with different maturity groups are as follows:

[0062] 1. Prepare a mesh house made of a steel pipe skeleton structure with a size of 6 m × 4 m. Cover it with a 40-mesh gauze, and bury the edge of the gauze 20 cm deep in the soil.

[0063] 2. Sow soybeans in rows in a net room with a row length of 1 m and a row spacing × plant spacing of 0.5 m × 0.1 m. The early-maturing vegetable soybean variety is Taiwan 75, and the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety is Nannong 1138-2. The ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 2:1. For every two rows of early-maturing vegetable soybeans sown, one row of late-maturing insect-susceptible soybeans is sown. Sowing is carried out on May 2, 2023.

[0064] 3. When the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties grow to the R5 stage and the late-maturing susceptible soybean varieties grow to the R2 stage, place milky white bean hornworm eggs in 15 cm × 20 cm mesh bags, with 20 eggs in each mesh bag. Hang the mesh bags with bean hornworm eggs on the inverted trefoil of the late-maturing susceptible soybean plants, with 3 inverted trefoil leaves in each mesh bag, and the overall hanging egg density is 40 eggs / m 2 .

[0065] 4. After 4 days of laying eggs, remove the net bags, investigate the number of larvae in the net bags, and count the hatching status. The larvae are then allowed to feed freely in the net room.

[0066] 5. After 25 days of laying eggs, the larvae of the bean moth in the net room are harvested in batches. First, harvest the larvae larger than 7 cm. The next day, continue to harvest the larvae larger than 7 cm. After 28 days of laying eggs, harvest all the larvae, including the mature larvae that are about to burrow into the soil.

[0067] The experimental steps of the conventional late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety monoculture pattern are exactly the same as the intercropping pattern of soybean varieties with different maturity periods, except for the intercropping planting.

[0068] The changes of soybean plants in the intercropping and monocropping modes at different maturity groups are as follows Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 In the figure, A, B, C, G, H, and I are photos of the intercropping pattern at 15 days, 40 days, 70 days, 72 days, 75 days, and 80 days after sowing, respectively; D, E, F, J, K, and L are photos of the late-maturing soybean monocropping pattern at 15 days, 40 days, 70 days, 72 days, 75 days, and 80 days after sowing, respectively.

[0069] Figure 2 These are photos of soybean intercropping and late-maturing soybean monocropping models at different maturity stages. A and B are photos of intercropping (with pods) and monocropping (without pods), respectively. Figure 3 In the figure, A shows the distribution of individual larval weights in soybean intercropping and late-maturing soybean monoculture at different maturity stages, B shows the larval weight in each plot, i.e., the total larval weight in each net house, and C shows the larval survival rate. In the intercropping model, individual larval weights were more concentrated, with no very light larvae. In the monoculture model, however, a large number of larvae were stunted, with many weighing less than 2g. Figure 3 A). Larvae weight in the plot ( Figure 3 B) and larval survival rate ( Figure 3 C) There was no significant difference between intercropping and monocropping.

[0070] Comparison of results of bean hornworm larvae and green bean pod yield under intercropping and monocropping Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The weight of bean hornworm larvae is the larval yield per square meter calculated after excluding ineffective larvae weighing less than 2 g. The weight of effective bean hornworm larvae in the intercropping pattern of soybean varieties with different maturity groups was significantly higher than that in the conventional single-cropping pattern of late-maturing susceptible soybean varieties. In addition, the green bean pod yield in the intercropping pattern of soybean varieties with different maturity groups reached 433.8 g / m 2 The conventional late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety monoculture pattern cannot produce green pods, but the intercropping pattern of soybean varieties in different maturity groups has significantly less straw weight than the conventional late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety monoculture pattern.

[0071] 1. Prepare a mesh house constructed of a steel pipe frame. The length, width, and height of the mesh house are 6 m × 4 m × 2 m, respectively. Cover the mesh with a 40-mesh screen, with the edges buried 20 cm below the soil. On April 22, 2023, soybeans were sown in rows within the mesh house. Rows were 1 m long, with a row-by-plant spacing of 0.5 m × 0.1 m. Three soybean varieties with different adaptability, Nannong 1138-2 (a late-maturing variety with good adaptability), Taiwan 75 (an early-maturing variety with moderate adaptability), and Lamar (a late-maturing variety with poor adaptability), were sown in 12 rows.

[0072] 2. The bean moth eggs used in the experiment were all produced on the same day. On June 9, 2023, 15 bean moth eggs that were about to hatch were placed in each small mesh bag (15 cm × 20 cm), and two complete soybean inverted trefoil leaves were placed in it. Each soybean material was covered with 9 mesh bags.

[0073] 3. Starting from the 4th day of egg incubation, replace the leaves in the mesh bag every 2 days. On the 9th day of egg incubation, remove the extreme larvae (1-4 of the largest and 1-4 of the smallest) from the mesh bag, leaving 7 larvae of medium size so that each larva has enough space to grow and reduce errors. On the 12th day of egg incubation, replace the small mesh bag (15 cm × 20 cm) with a large mesh bag (30 cm × 40 cm). On the 18th day of age, the bean moth larvae fed on different soybean materials were weighed and the weight was calculated according to the weight of the mesh bag. Figure 5 At the 25th day of age, the larvae of the bean moth in different treatments were weighed.

[0074] The differences in weight of single larvae at 18 and 25 days old and survival rate of larvae at 25 days old in the exchange feeding experiment are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in the figure, there was a significant difference in the weight of 18-day-old larvae feeding on soybean varieties with different maturity / suitability. The weight of larvae feeding on the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety Nannong 1138-2 was significantly higher than that feeding on the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety Taiwan 75 and the late-maturing insect-resistant soybean variety Lamar. Figure 6 As shown in A. After the exchange feeding, the weight of single larvae at 25 days old was significantly different among the different exchange treatments. The weight of single larvae at 25 days old that fed on Nannong 1138-2 throughout the whole process was significantly higher than that fed on Taiwan 75 and Lamar in the first 18 days. However, there was no significant difference between the treatments that fed on Nannong 1138-2 in the first 18 days and fed on other soybean varieties in the last 7 days. Figure 6 As shown in middle B. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of 25-day-old larvae among different exchange treatments. Figure 6 As shown in C.

[0075] The 25-day-old larvae of the bean moth were used for the exchange feeding experiment. Figure 7shown. Figure 7 In the middle, A to I are photographs of 25-day-old larvae from treatments T1 (NANN1138-2-NANN1138-2), T2 (NANN1138-2-Taiwan 75), T3 (NANN1138-2-Lamar), T4 (Taiwan 75-NANN1138-2), T5 (Taiwan 75-Taiwan 75), T6 (Taiwan 75-Lamar), T7 (Lamar-NANN1138-2), T8 (Lamar-Taiwan 75), and T9 (Lamar-Lamar), respectively.

[0076] In summary, feeding on late-maturing susceptible soybean materials in the early stage and on early-maturing vegetable soybean materials in the later stage had no significant effect on the weight of the 25-day-old larvae of the bean moth, which proves that feeding on late-maturing susceptible soybean varieties first and then on early-maturing vegetable soybeans in the grain-filling stage after 4-5 instars has little effect on the growth of the larvae.

[0077] This experiment selected 54 late-maturing, large-leaf soybean materials from 750 domestic and international soybean populations based on soybean leaf area. A randomized block design was used, with one large net house serving as a block. The autumn sowing experiment was sown on August 1, 2022, using hole sowing. Each large net house was divided into 9 rows, 6 holes per row, and 3 seedlings were planted in each hole. The summer sowing was carried out on June 23, 2023, using the same planting method as the autumn sowing experiment. The autumn sowing experiment was repeated twice, and the summer sowing experiment was repeated three times. The bean hornworm eggs used in each experiment were produced on the same day. The autumn sowing was carried out on September 1, 2022. Fifteen soon-to-hatched bean hornworm eggs were placed in each small mesh bag, along with two complete soybean inverted trefoil leaves, with one mesh bag placed in each hole. The summer sowing was carried out on August 2, 2023, using the same egg-laying method as the autumn sowing experiment.

[0078] Starting on the fourth day of egg incubation, the leaves in the mesh bag were replaced every two days. On the 12th day of egg incubation, the small mesh bag was replaced with a large one. On the ninth day of egg incubation, the extreme larvae were removed from the egg bag, leaving five intermediate-sized larvae to allow each larva adequate growth space and reduce error. On the 18th day of egg incubation, the larvae in the mesh bag were weighed and the number of larvae recorded. The number of compound leaves, leaf area, dry weight of the inverted trefoil leaf, and soybean yield per plant were investigated for each soybean variety during egg laying and harvest.

[0079] Descriptive statistics and variance analysis of agronomic traits and larval weight of plants in different sowing seasons Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 LA: leaf area of ​​the upper trefoil; YPP: yield per plant; TCL: number of compound leaves; LDW: dry weight of the upper trefoil; LW: weight of a single larva. The following numbers indicate the number of days after egg hatching. GCV is the genetic variation coefficient, h 2 is heritability. ** indicates P≤ 0.05 and P The differences were significant at the ≤0.01 level.

[0080] Under the autumn sowing conditions in 2022, there were extremely significant differences in the weight of single 18-day-old larvae among varieties; under the summer sowing conditions in 2023, there were significant differences in the weight of single 18-day-old larvae among varieties.

[0081] Under the autumn sowing conditions in 2022, there were extremely significant differences in the leaf area of ​​the inverted trefoil and single-plant yield of soybean varieties among varieties, with genetic variation coefficients of 9.8% and 27.5%, and heritabilities of 87.1% and 85.2%, respectively; under the summer sowing conditions in 2023, there were extremely significant differences in the total number of compound leaves, leaf area of ​​the inverted trefoil, dry weight of the inverted trefoil and single-plant yield of soybean varieties among varieties, with the genetic variation coefficient of agronomic traits of soybean plants ranging from 14.3% to 53.8%, and the heritability ranging from 90.5% to 93.5%.

[0082] The scatter plots of the weight of single larvae of 18-day-old hawkmoth and the yield of soybean grains per plant of soybean varieties in different sowing seasons are shown in the figure. Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 Middle A: Scatter plot of weight of single 18-day-old larvae of hornworm and soybean seed yield per plant under summer sowing conditions in 2023; Figure 9 Middle B: Scatter plot of the weight of single 18-day-old bean moth larvae and soybean grain yield per plant under autumn sowing conditions in 2022.

[0083] Based on the weight of single larvae of 18-day-old bean moth and the yield of single soybean plant, 10 soybean materials with high feeding larvae weight and high yield per plant were selected in summer and autumn sowing respectively. Among them, white bean, small green bean, two yellow bean-1 and two yellow bean-2 were selected in both environments ( Figure 10 ).

[0084] Selection of insect-resistant soybean materials suitable for feeding bean hornworm larvae Figure 10 The table, Figure 10 In the table, bold accessions are soybean accessions selected in both sowing seasons; bold numbers represent the top five indicators in each sowing season. Accessions marked with an asterisk (*) rank in the top five for a particular indicator; the number of asterisks represents the number of top five indicators for that accession. LW18: weight of a single 18-day-old larva of the soybean sex moth; LA: leaf area of ​​the lower trefoil; LDW: dry weight of the lower trefoil; TCL: total number of compound leaves; YPP: soybean yield per plant.

[0085] The selected soybean materials were evaluated and graded based on their comprehensive performance across multiple indicators. Under autumn sowing conditions in 2022, four optimal soybean materials for double harvests in bean hawkmoth breeding were selected based on leaf area and comprehensive evaluation. These were Daqingdou, Xiaohuangdou-2, Erhuangdou-1, and Baimodou, all late-maturing and susceptible soybean varieties. Under summer sowing conditions in 2023, four optimal soybean materials for double harvests in bean hawkmoth breeding were selected based on comprehensive evaluation of the number of compound leaves per plant, leaf area, and dry weight of the upper trefoil. These were Shangrao Bayuebai, Qingdou, Niujiaodou, and Erhuangdou-1, all late-maturing and susceptible soybean varieties.

[0086] In order to select soybean varieties suitable for breeding of hornworms, the adaptability of 14 soybean varieties with different maturity groups was identified using the isolated feeding method in a net house.

[0087] The steps are as follows:

[0088] 1. Prepare a 2 m × 2 m net house constructed from a steel pipe framework, covered with a 40-mesh screen, with the edges buried 20 cm below the soil. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. Soybeans were sown in holes within the net house, with a hole × row spacing of 0.4 m × 0.5 m. Sowing began on April 22, 2023, and seedlings were transplanted at V1, with three plants per hole. Seven early-maturing soybean varieties (Liuyuexian, Taiwan 75, Shengdou No. 10, Tiejiaopi, Andou No. 9, Andou No. 10, and Hedou No. 19) and seven mid- to late-maturing soybean varieties (Qingyuan Xiaoqingdou, Jianli Niumaohuang, Nannong 88-31, Mianyang Baimaodou, Ding'an Xiaoheidou, Nannong 1138-2, and Nannong 18-25) were sown.

[0089] 2. The isolated feeding experiment in the net room was carried out on June 9, 2023. Each small net room was loaded with 100 eggs, that is, the egg density was 25 eggs / m 2 .

[0090] 3. When the larvae are 25 days old, count the number and weight of larvae in each cell.

[0091] 4. On the day of egg laying, agronomic traits and leaf indices of the inverted trefoil of soybean plants were surveyed in the small-net chambers. One plant in each small-net chamber was surveyed. Agronomic traits surveyed included plant height, number of main stem nodes, growth period, and total number of compound leaves. Leaf indices of the inverted trefoil of soybean plants surveyed included leaf area and leaf dry weight. Agronomic traits of soybean plants in the small-net chambers were surveyed again when the larvae were 25 days old. One plant in each small-net chamber was surveyed.

[0092] The growth stages and lodging types of different soybean varieties during egg laying and insect collection. Figure 11 As shown in the table, Figure 11Egg laying occurred on June 9, 2023, and harvesting occurred on July 4, 2023. At the time of egg laying, most early-maturing varieties were at stage V9, while mid- to late-maturing varieties were at stage V8. By the time of harvesting, most early-maturing varieties were at stage R5, while mid- to late-maturing varieties were at stage R2. Therefore, soybean varieties of different maturity periods exhibited significant differences in their growth stages during egg laying and harvesting. At the time of harvesting, the early-maturing soybean variety Liuyuexian had already lodged, while the other early-maturing varieties did not. The mid- to late-maturing soybean varieties Nannong 1138-2 and Nannong 18-25 did not, while the other mid- to late-maturing varieties all lodged.

[0093] Differences in larval growth indicators and agronomic traits of soybean materials with different maturity stages and lodging types Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 Middle: I: Radar chart of various phenotypes of mid-late maturing and lodging-resistant soybean materials; J: Radar chart of various phenotypes of mid-late maturing and lodging-resistant soybean materials; K: Radar chart of various phenotypes of early maturing and lodging-resistant soybean materials; L: Radar chart of various phenotypes of early maturing and lodging-resistant soybean materials. LWP25: 25-day-old larval weight in plots; LSR25: 25-day-old larval survival rate; PH: plant height; NMSN: number of main stem nodes; TCL: total number of compound leaves; LA: trefoil area; LDW: trefoil dry weight; LMA: trefoil specific leaf weight. * * * indicates the number of trefoil in the plots. P ≤0.05 and P The difference was significant at the ≤0.01 level. Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the larval weight and larval survival rate of the plots of the mid-late maturing and lodging-resistant varieties were significantly higher than those of the mid-late maturing and lodging-resistant varieties and the early maturing and lodging-resistant varieties ( Figure 12 AB). The plant height of the mid-late maturing lodging-resistant variety is 91.7 cm, which is significantly lower than that of the mid-late maturing lodging-resistant variety ( Figure 12 C). The number of main stem nodes of the mid-late maturing and lodging-resistant varieties is 19.2, which is significantly higher than that of the early maturing and lodging-resistant varieties ( Figure 12 D). The number of compound leaves of the mid-late maturing lodging-resistant varieties is 30.1, which is significantly lower than that of the mid-late maturing lodging varieties ( Figure 12 E). The leaf area and leaf dry weight of the lodging-resistant early-maturing varieties were significantly higher than those of the lodging-resistant early-maturing varieties ( Figure 12 FG). There was no significant difference in leaf weight among the three material types. Through the visual radar chart of larval indicators and agronomic traits, it was found that the mid-late maturing and lodging-resistant soybean variety performed better in breeding bean moth than the other three varieties, and its various agronomic trait indicators were moderate ( Figure 12 IL).

[0094] The scatter plots of the larval weight in each plot and the number of larvae in each plot and the weight of a single larva are shown in the figure below. Figure 13 As shown in Figure 2, there is a significant linear positive correlation between the larval weight and the number of larvae in the plot ( Figure 13 A), but no significant linear relationship with the weight of single larvae ( Figure 13 B).

[0095] In summary, bean hornworm larvae feeding on mid- to late-maturing, lodging-resistant soybean varieties (Nannong 1138-2 and Nannong 18-25) had the highest yield and survival rates. This is hypothesized to be due to the fact that mid- to late-maturing, lodging-resistant soybean varieties have more abundant leaf biomass than early-maturing varieties. Compared to mid- to late-maturing, lodging-resistant soybean varieties, these varieties offer better canopy ventilation and light transmission, maintain leaf greenness, and allow larvae to move more widely, making them more suitable for the growth and development of bean hornworm larvae. A significant linear positive correlation was observed between the number of larvae per plot and the weight of the larvae per plot, suggesting that soybean varieties with high larval survival rates or cultivation practices that improve survival rates are crucial for bean hornworm farming.

[0096] In Experiment 4, mid- to late-maturing soybean varieties (Nannong 1138-2 and Nannong 18-25) with eggs and inoculation at the V8 stage produced the highest yield and survival rate of hornworm larvae. For double-harvest soybean production, it is important to select late-maturing, lodging-resistant, and susceptible soybean varieties.

[0097] The present invention intercrops soybeans of different maturity stages and insect susceptibility in a net room or in the field. When the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety develops to the R1-R5 stage, the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety has just developed to the V5-R2 stage. Bean hornworm eggs are placed in egg-protecting bags or egg strips and are enclosed or pinned on the upper third of the leaves of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plant for feeding. After the bean hornworm larvae hatch for 4-6 days, the bean hornworm larvae are released from the net bag to feed freely. The younger larvae preferentially feed on the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plant at the hatching location. When the larvae reach 4-5 years of age, since the leaves of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean variety have been completely eaten, most of the bean hornworm larvae will gradually transfer to the plants of the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety to continue feeding on the leaves. At this time, the bean pods of the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety are substantially fully developed, but the leaves are still able to photosynthesize and can be fed by the 4-5 instar bean hornworm larvae. Through the experiment of feeding on susceptible species in the early stage and feeding on resistant and susceptible species in the later stage, it was found that the growth and development of larvae were almost unaffected by the food conditions in the later stage. Figure 14 shown.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to cultivate hornworms and harvest pods, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare production materials, including net houses or bird-proof nets, early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties, late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties, and net bags or perforated egg strips. The net house is made of a steel pipe skeleton structure and covered with a gauze net. The net bag is a structure with an open end and a closed end. The net bag is used to cover the leaves of soybean plants. The perforated egg strips are hard bag-like structures, and the aperture of the perforated egg strips is smaller than that of the eggs of the bean moth and larger than that of the newly hatched larvae. Step 2: Sow soybeans in a net room or in the field. The sowing ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 1:

1. Early-maturing vegetable soybeans and late-maturing insect-susceptible soybeans are planted alternately in an intercropping mode. Step 3: When the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties grow to the R1-R5 stage, and the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties grow to the V5-R2 stage, use mesh bags or perforated egg strips to hang eggs; at this time, put the milky white bean hawkmoth eggs in the mesh bags or perforated egg strips, each mesh bag or perforated egg strip contains 10 to 40 bean hawkmoth eggs, put the mesh bags containing bean hawkmoth eggs on the inverted trefoil of the late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean plants, or fold and seal the perforated egg strips containing bean hawkmoth eggs at both ends and fix them on the inverted trefoil of the plant, put 2 inverted trefoil in each mesh bag, and the overall egg hanging density in the mesh room is 10 to 40 eggs / m 2 ; Step 4: After 4-6 days of hanging eggs, if egg strips with holes are used, directly count the hatching situation; if net bags are used, remove the net bags and allow the larvae to feed freely in the net room; record the number of larvae in the net bags when removing them, and count the hatching situation; if the overall hatching rate of larvae is less than 50%, hang bean hawk moth eggs again; when sowing soybeans in the field, cover the soybean seedlings with bird-proof nets after the eggs hatch to prevent birds from preying on the larvae; Step 5: After the bean moth larvae have grown into mature larvae 23 to 35 days after hatching, the bean moth larvae in the net room are harvested in batches. When the larvae are longer than 6 cm or weigh more than 8 grams, the mature larvae that are about to enter the soil are harvested; if the larvae do not meet this requirement, the harvesting is postponed for 1 to 3 days; Step 6: After the bean moth larvae are completely harvested, harvest the green bean pods of the early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties indoors or harvest the dry grains after they mature, 3-10 days later.

2. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the sowing ratio of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties to late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 4:1 to 2:1 under spring and summer sowing conditions, and is 2:1 to 1:1 under autumn sowing conditions.

3. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the sowing density of early-maturing vegetable soybean varieties is 20-40% higher than the sowing density of monocropping soybeans, and the sowing density of monocropping early-maturing vegetable soybeans is 14,000-16,000 plants / mu. The sowing density of late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 5-20% higher than the sowing density of monocropping soybeans, and the sowing density of monocropping late-maturing insect-susceptible soybean varieties is 12,000-14,000 plants / mu.

4. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, under the conditions of spring sowing and summer sowing, the number of eggs in each net bag is 20-40, and the overall egg density in the net room is 20 to 40 eggs / m 2 Under autumn sowing conditions, the number of eggs in each net bag is 10-30, and the overall egg density in the net room is 10 to 30 eggs / m 2 .

5. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the optimal egg hanging density in the net room is: under spring and summer sowing conditions, the egg hanging density is 40 eggs / m 2 ; Under autumn sowing conditions, the egg density is 30 eggs / m 2 .

6. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, when the overall egg density in the net room is greater than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is less than 50%, the eggs of the bean moth are added; when the overall egg density in the net room is less than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 70%, the eggs of the bean moth are added; when the overall egg density in the net room is greater than 30 eggs / m 2 When the planting density is 20,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 70%, the eggs of the bean moth should be added; when the overall egg density in the net room is less than 30 eggs / m 2 When the cultivation density is 20,000 plants / mu and the average egg hatching rate is lower than 85%, the bean moth eggs should be added.

7. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, under spring sowing conditions, the bean hawkmoth larvae are harvested in batches after 30 days of egg laying; under summer sowing conditions, the bean hawkmoth larvae are harvested in batches after 23 days of egg laying; under autumn sowing conditions, the bean hawkmoth larvae are harvested in batches after 28 days of egg laying.

8. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications of the net house are 6 m×4 m to 70 m×10 m, the mesh number of the gauze covering the net house is 40-60 mesh, and the edge of the gauze covering the net house is buried under a soil layer 20 cm deep; the size of the net bag is 15 cm×20 cm, and the material of the net bag is organza; the mesh size of the bird-proof net is 1×1 cm to 2×2 cm.

9. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, soybeans are sown in rows or holes in a net room. When sowing in rows, the row length is 1 m to 10 m, and the row spacing × plant spacing is 0.5 m × 0.1 m; when sowing in holes, the row spacing is 0.4 m to 0.5 m, the hole spacing is 0.2 m to 0.3 m, and 2-3 seedlings are left in each hole.

10. The method for intercropping soybean varieties susceptible to insects at different maturity stages to breed hornworms and harvest pods according to claim 1, characterized in that: Different intercropping variety combinations are used in different sowing seasons. The insect-susceptible late-maturing soybean varieties used under spring sowing conditions are Nannong 1138-2, Nannong 89-29 and Nannong 18-25, and the early-maturing vegetable soybean variety is Taiwan 75; the insect-susceptible late-maturing soybean variety used under summer and autumn sowing conditions is Jianli Niumaohuang, and the early-maturing soybean variety for grain harvesting is Ruidou No. 1; the insect-resistant soybean varieties under summer sowing conditions include Shangrao Bayuebai, Qingdou, Niujiaodou and Erhuangdou-1; the insect-resistant soybean varieties under autumn sowing conditions include Daqingdou, Xiaohuangdou-2, Erhuangdou-1 and Baimodou.

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