Electronic devices and antennas

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electronic device and an antenna, wherein the electronic device is embedded inside the roller of a shield machine bearing, the antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit of the electronic device and communicates with an external antenna, and the external window of the electronic device is arranged in the outer ring area of ​​the cage through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes. Through the above low-cost antenna structure design, the roller of the shield machine bearing is placed in an all-metal environment, and the height of the antenna window passing through the cage does not exceed 25 mm, thereby realizing wireless power supply to the roller in an extreme environment, and then realizing the monitoring of important parameters such as temperature, strain, acceleration, etc. of the roller, which greatly ensures the stable operation of the shield machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular to an electronic equipment and an antenna with a wireless communication circuit. Background Art

[0002] As the main component of the shield machine, the bearing bears the main load during the operation of the shield machine. Its working stability seriously affects the service life of the shield machine. Therefore, the roller with the largest loss in the bearing needs to be monitored intensively.

[0003] One solution currently used is to embed electronic devices into the roller to monitor relevant parameters of the roller. Since ordinary batteries can only be charged a limited number of times, their service life cannot cover the life cycle of the roller. Therefore, it is necessary to design a passive electronic device to be embedded in the roller so that the working life of the electronic device exceeds the service life of the roller.

[0004] Among them, passive electronic devices need wireless charging, and the wireless charging window is placed on a holder with limited thickness. Therefore, the charging window space is limited, and it is necessary to design an antenna that can efficiently transmit energy in a very small space. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an electronic device and an antenna with a wireless communication circuit, which realizes wireless power supply for electronic equipment in extreme environments, and further realizes monitoring of important parameters such as temperature, strain, acceleration, etc. of the roller, greatly ensuring the stable operation of the shield machine.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes an antenna, which is applied to an electronic device, and the electronic device is embedded in the cylindrical roller of a shield machine bearing. The antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit of the electronic device and communicates with an external antenna. The external window of the electronic device is arranged in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes.

[0007] The antenna is placed on the top surface or bottom surface of the cylindrical roller, and the axis of the cylindrical roller passes through the geometric center of the antenna; the diameter of the antenna is less than one third of the diameter of the cylindrical roller; the cylindrical roller is in an all-metal environment, and the height of the window does not exceed 25 mm.

[0008] The antenna includes: a reflector, a substrate, a coaxial feeder and four groups of identical structures, each of which is embedded with a tuning component. The four groups of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiating printed circuit board. One end of the coaxial feeder is connected to the feeding point of the radiating printed circuit board, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit. The electronic device also includes: a main printed circuit board, the wireless energy transmission circuit is arranged on the main printed circuit board, and the reflector isolates the radiating printed circuit board from the main printed circuit board.

[0009] Each group of structures includes:

[0010] The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, and the fourth radiator; seven ground through holes, one feed through hole; a microstrip feed line; a group of tuning components; a group of feed points, and the structure layout includes:

[0011] The first layer of the substrate is provided with the first radiator and the second radiator, the second layer is left vacant without copper covering, the third layer is provided with the third radiator, and the fourth layer is provided with the fourth radiator and the microstrip feed line and the patch position of the tuning component;

[0012] The first grounding through hole and the third grounding through hole connect the first radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged on the outer edge of the first radiator;

[0013] The fourth grounding through hole to the sixth grounding through hole connect the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged at the outer edge of the second radiator;

[0014] The seventh grounding through hole connects the second radiator and the fourth radiator, and the seventh grounding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the second radiator;

[0015] A feeding through hole connects the first radiator through the substrate and then connects to a microstrip feeding line on the fourth layer, and the feeding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the first radiator;

[0016] A patch position of a tuning component is embedded on the microstrip feed line, a first feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged at the end of the microstrip feed line, and a second feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged on a fourth radiator adjacent to the first feeding point.

[0017] Wherein, the third radiator has a window where the seventh ground through hole and the feeding through hole pass through, and the vertical distance between the first layer and the third layer of the substrate is more than seven times the vertical distance between the third layer and the fourth layer;

[0018] The third radiator has the same outer edge shape and size as the fourth radiator;

[0019] The first radiator and the second radiator are separated by a slot, and the two are electrically disconnected at the location of the slot;

[0020] The sum of the areas of the first radiator and the second radiator is smaller than that of the third radiator;

[0021] The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, the fourth radiator, seven grounding through holes, one feeding through hole, and one microstrip feeding line are all made of metal;

[0022] The four groups of structures are evenly distributed in four areas of the substrate, and the four areas are electrically disconnected;

[0023] The central conductor of the coaxial feed line is connected to the first feeding point, the outer conductive layer of the coaxial feed line is connected to the second feeding point, and the coaxial feed line passes through the reflection plate through a through hole and is connected to the main printed circuit board.

[0024] The present invention also proposes an electronic device, which is embedded inside the cylindrical roller of a shield machine bearing. The electronic device includes: a window, a wireless energy transmission circuit and an antenna. The window is arranged in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes. The antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit and communicates with an external antenna.

[0025] Among them, the electronic device also includes: a main printed circuit board, a top shell and a bottom shell, the top shell and the bottom shell are respectively placed at the center of the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylindrical roller; the antenna includes: a reflector, a substrate, a coaxial feeder and four groups of identical structures, the four groups of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiating printed circuit board, one end of the coaxial feeder is connected to the feeding point of the radiating printed circuit board, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit, the wireless energy transmission circuit is arranged on the main printed circuit board, and the reflector isolates the radiating printed circuit board from the main printed circuit board.

[0026] The radiation printed circuit board has four layers, the coaxial feed lines are four, and the radiation printed circuit board includes four groups of feed points and four groups of tuning components;

[0027] The main printed circuit board includes a control circuit, an input-output circuit, and a power management circuit; the control circuit includes one or more of a microcontroller, an integrated processor, a memory, a storage, a counter, an A / D converter, and a universal communication interface;

[0028] The input-output circuit includes an input-output device and a wireless circuit; the input-output device includes various sensors; after the electronic device collects data through the various sensors, the electronic device transmits the data to an external host through the wireless circuit;

[0029] The wireless circuit includes: four groups of wireless energy transmission circuits, wherein the first group and the second group are connected in parallel to form a new group, the third group and the fourth group are connected in parallel to form a new group, and the new group and the new group are connected in series to form the topological structure of the entire wireless energy transmission circuit; each group of wireless energy transmission circuits is externally connected to an antenna.

[0030] Wherein, the electronic device further comprises: a ceramic chip capacitor, wherein the electronic device collects electric energy through the infinite energy transmission circuit and stores the electric energy in the ceramic chip capacitor;

[0031] The main printed circuit board also includes a power management circuit;

[0032] The sensors include: a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a temperature sensor;

[0033] The cylindrical roller is a hollow structure. The main printed circuit board is placed in the cavity of the cylindrical roller. The radiation printed circuit board and the reflector are placed on the top of the cylindrical roller. The strain sensor and the temperature sensor are placed on the bottom of the cylindrical roller.

[0034] Wherein, the retaining frame separates a group of cylindrical rollers arranged in a ring in the bearing, and the distance between the retaining frame and the top surface of the cylindrical roller is less than 5 mm; the top center of the cylindrical roller is aligned with the geometric center of the window; the height of the window does not exceed 25 mm, and the length of the window does not exceed 60 mm; the antenna is the antenna as described above.

[0035] The present invention proposes an electronic device and an antenna, wherein the electronic device is embedded in the roller of a shield machine bearing, the antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit of the electronic device, and communicates with an external antenna, and the external window of the electronic device is arranged in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes. Through the above low-cost antenna structure design, wireless power supply to the roller in an extreme environment is realized. Among them, the antenna is on one of the top or bottom surfaces of the cylindrical roller, the axis of the roller passes through the geometric center of the antenna, the diameter of the antenna is less than one-third of the diameter of the roller cylinder, the antenna is evenly distributed into four blocks, each block is provided with a structure of the same structure, each structure is embedded with a tuning component, and the structure and tuning component of the antenna are integrated in a four-layer printed circuit board. The roller of the shield machine bearing is in an all-metal environment, and the height of the antenna window passing through the retaining frame does not exceed 25 mm, thereby realizing the monitoring of important parameters such as temperature, strain, acceleration, etc. of the roller, which greatly ensures the stable operation of the shield machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary appearance structure of an electronic device provided by the present invention and its working environment.

[0037] Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of an exemplary circuit structure of an electronic device provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary internal structure of the antenna provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 An exemplary side perspective view of a structure of an antenna provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary bottom partial structure of the antenna structure provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 The present invention provides an exemplary connection diagram of the antenna and the main printed circuit board of the electronic device.

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a roller working environment for an embedded electronic device provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an exemplary link for communication between an antenna and a main printed circuit board of an electronic device provided by the present invention.

[0044] Fig. 9 An exemplary radiation diagram of the antenna provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also proposes an electronic device 10, which is embedded in the cylindrical roller of the shield machine bearing. The electronic device 10 includes: a window, i.e., an opening 16, a wireless energy transmission circuit 29 and an antenna. The window is set in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame 14 through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes. The antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 and communicates with an external antenna.

[0047] Among them, the electronic device 10 also includes: a main printed circuit board 56, a top shell and a bottom shell, and the top shell and the bottom shell are respectively placed at the center of the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylindrical roller; the antenna includes: a reflector 55, a substrate, a coaxial feeder and four groups of identical structures, and the four groups of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiating printed circuit board 39, one end of the coaxial feeder is connected to the feeding point of the radiating printed circuit board 39, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 of the main printed circuit board 56, and the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 is arranged on the main printed circuit board 56, and the reflector 55 isolates the radiating printed circuit board 39 and the main printed circuit board 56.

[0048] The radiation printed circuit board 39 has four layers, the coaxial feed lines are four, and the radiation printed circuit board 39 includes four groups of feeding points and four groups of tuning components;

[0049] The main printed circuit board 56 includes a control circuit 21, an input-output circuit 22, and a power management circuit 23; the control circuit 21 includes one or more of a microcontroller, an integrated processor, a memory, a storage, a counter, an A / D converter, and a universal communication interface;

[0050] The input-output circuit 22 includes an input-output device 24 and a wireless circuit 25; the input-output device 24 includes various sensors 26; after the electronic device 10 collects data through the various sensors, it transmits the data to an external host through the wireless;

[0051] The wireless circuit 25 includes: four groups of wireless energy transmission circuits 29, wherein the first group and the second group are connected in parallel to form a new group, the third group and the fourth group are connected in parallel to form a new group, and the new group and the new group are connected in series to form the topological structure of the entire wireless energy transmission circuit 29; each group of wireless energy transmission circuits is externally connected to an antenna.

[0052] The electronic device 10 further includes: a ceramic chip capacitor, wherein the electronic device 10 collects electrical energy through the infinite energy transmission circuit and stores the electrical energy in the ceramic chip capacitor;

[0053] The main printed circuit board 56 also includes a power management circuit;

[0054] The sensors include: a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a temperature sensor;

[0055] The cylindrical roller is a hollow structure. The main printed circuit board 56 is placed in the cavity of the cylindrical roller. The radiation printed circuit board 39 and the reflection plate 55 are placed on the top of the cylindrical roller. The strain sensor and the temperature sensor are placed on the bottom of the cylindrical roller.

[0056] Among them, the retaining frame 14 isolates a group of cylindrical rollers arranged in a ring in the bearing, and the distance between the retaining frame 14 and the top surface of the cylindrical roller is less than 5mm; the top center of the cylindrical roller is aligned with the geometric center of the window; the height of the window does not exceed 25mm, and the length of the window does not exceed 60mm; the antenna is the antenna as described above.

[0057] In addition, the present invention proposes an antenna applied to an electronic device 10, which is connected to a wireless energy transmission circuit 29 of the electronic device 10 and communicates with an external antenna. The external window of the electronic device 10 is arranged in an outer ring area of ​​a retaining frame 14 through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes.

[0058] The antenna is placed on the top surface or bottom surface of the cylindrical roller, and the axis of the cylindrical roller passes through the geometric center of the antenna; the diameter of the antenna is less than one third of the diameter of the cylindrical roller; the cylindrical roller is in an all-metal environment, and the height of the window does not exceed 25 mm.

[0059] The antenna includes: a reflector 55, a substrate, a coaxial feeder and four groups of identical structures, each of which is embedded with a tuning component. The four groups of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiating printed circuit board 39. One end of the coaxial feeder is connected to the feeding point of the radiating printed circuit board 39, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 of the main printed circuit board 56. The electronic device 10 also includes: a main printed circuit board 56, and the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 is arranged on the main printed circuit board 56. The reflector 55 isolates the radiating printed circuit board 39 and the main printed circuit board 56.

[0060] Each group of structures includes:

[0061] A first radiator 31, a second radiator 32, a third radiator 37, and a fourth radiator 38; seven grounding through holes, a feeding through hole 34; a microstrip feeding line 40; a group of tuning components; a group of feeding points, and the structure layout includes:

[0062] The first layer of the substrate is provided with the first radiator and the second radiator, the second layer is left vacant without copper covering, the third layer is provided with the third radiator, and the fourth layer is provided with the fourth radiator and the microstrip feed line and the patch position of the tuning component;

[0063] The first grounding through hole and the third grounding through hole connect the first radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged on the outer edge of the first radiator;

[0064] The fourth grounding through hole to the sixth grounding through hole connect the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged at the outer edge of the second radiator;

[0065] The seventh grounding through hole connects the second radiator and the fourth radiator, and the seventh grounding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the second radiator;

[0066] A feeding through hole connects the first radiator through the substrate and then connects to a microstrip feeding line on the fourth layer, and the feeding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the first radiator;

[0067] A patch position of a tuning component is embedded on the microstrip feed line, a first feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged at the end of the microstrip feed line, and a second feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged on a fourth radiator adjacent to the first feeding point.

[0068] Wherein, the third radiator has a window where the seventh ground through hole and the feeding through hole pass through, and the vertical distance between the first layer and the third layer of the substrate is more than seven times the vertical distance between the third layer and the fourth layer;

[0069] The third radiator has the same outer edge shape and size as the fourth radiator;

[0070] The first radiator and the second radiator are separated by a slot, and the two are electrically disconnected at the location of the slot;

[0071] The sum of the areas of the first radiator and the second radiator is smaller than that of the third radiator;

[0072] The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, the fourth radiator, seven grounding through holes, one feeding through hole, and one microstrip feeding line are all made of metal;

[0073] The four groups of structures are evenly distributed in four areas of the substrate, and the four areas are electrically disconnected;

[0074] The center conductor of the coaxial feed line is connected to the first feeding point, the outer conductive layer of the coaxial feed line is connected to the second feeding point, and the coaxial feed line passes through the reflection plate 55 through a through hole and is connected to the main printed circuit board 56.

[0075] Through the above low-cost antenna structure design, wireless power supply for rollers in extreme environments is achieved. Among them, the antenna is on one of the top or bottom surfaces of the cylindrical roller, the axis of the roller passes through the geometric center of the antenna, the diameter of the antenna is less than one-third of the diameter of the roller cylinder, and the antenna is evenly distributed into four blocks, each block is provided with a structure of the same structure, each structure is embedded with a tuning component, and the antenna structure and tuning component are integrated in a four-layer printed circuit board. The roller of the shield machine bearing is in an all-metal environment, and the height of the antenna window passing through the retaining frame 14 does not exceed 25mm, thereby realizing the monitoring of important parameters such as temperature, strain, acceleration, etc. of the roller, which greatly ensures the stable operation of the shield machine.

[0076] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below:

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 10 may be provided with an energy transmission circuit including an antenna. The antenna is used to receive 900 MHz radio waves emitted by the transmitting antenna 15.

[0078] The electronic device 10 includes a housing such as a top shell 13. The top shell 13 is made of a low-loss material with low electrical conductivity and low magnetic permeability, such as plastic materials such as ABS and PC. The low-loss material facilitates energy transmission between the antenna and the outside world. The top shell 13 is fixed to the top surface of the steel cylindrical roller by glue to prevent liquids such as lubricating oil from penetrating into the electronic device. The top shell 13 is circular, and the axis of the cylindrical roller passes through the center of the top shell 13.

[0079] The diameter of the cylindrical roller is between 60 mm and 80 mm, and the height of the cylinder is between 100 mm and 120 mm. The cylindrical roller is used in the bearing of the shield machine. The center of the cylindrical roller is hollowed out, and the hollowed-out shape is like a dumbbell. The middle part 11 of the dumbbell is arranged like Figure 6 The main printed circuit board 56 shown. The top of the cylindrical roller at one end of the dumbbell is arranged as shown in FIG. Figure 6 The radiation printed circuit board 39 and the reflector 55 are shown. The other end, i.e. the bottom of the cylindrical roller, is provided with a strain sensor and a temperature sensor, which is sealed by a bottom shell.

[0080] like Figure 7The thickness of the cage 14 shown is between 30 mm and 40 mm. The cage 14 separates a group of cylindrical rollers arranged in an annular manner in the bearing to ensure that the distances and running trajectories of the rollers are consistent. The cage 14 and all rollers run in the track groove. All parts of the track groove are made of steel. A window 16 is opened in the outer ring area of ​​the cage 14 through which the axis of the roller embedded in the electronic device passes. The width of the window 16 is up to 25 mm and the length of the window is up to 60 mm. The distance between the cage 14 and the top shell 13 on the top surface of the cylinder is less than 5 mm. The cage 14 and all rollers are placed in an annular steel sealed track groove and rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0081] The top center of the cylinder on which the radiation printed circuit board 39 is placed is aligned with the geometric center of the window 16, ensuring that the roller can communicate with the external transmitting antenna 15 when running through the area where the window 16 is located in the track groove.

[0082] The transmitting antenna 15 is a 900 MHz circularly polarized antenna with a relatively low axis. When the cylindrical roller rolls, the efficiency of the electronic device 10 receiving energy at various angles is close.

[0083] The electronic device 10 also has a built-in main printed circuit board 56, which includes a control circuit 21, an input and output circuit 22, and a power management circuit 23. The control circuit 21 includes a microcontroller, an integrated processor, a memory, a storage, a counter, an A / D converter, and a general communication interface. General communication interfaces include UART, LPUART, SPI, I2C, DMA, GPIO, etc. The electronic device uses wireless power supply, and the power resources are limited, so a low-power platform is selected. The processor is a low-power technology platform, and the typical operating power consumption is 120uA / 48MHz. Since the electronic device processes limited data, the typical value of the memory is 256KB, and the RAM size is 24KB.

[0084] The input-output circuit 22 includes an input-output device 24 and a wireless circuit 25. The input-output device 24 includes various sensors 26, including strain sensors, acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, etc. There is currently no good method for continuously monitoring the temperature inside the roller of the shield machine. This embodiment solves this problem by embedding an electronic device 10. The acceleration sensor monitors the real-time acceleration of the roller. The health status of the roller can be diagnosed by systematically analyzing a large amount of acceleration data of the roller. The strain sensor monitors the strain of the roller during operation, and the strain data is also important data for diagnosing the health status of the roller. The input-output circuit 22 can also include other devices 27 as needed.

[0085] After the electronic device 10 collects data through various sensors, it needs to transmit the data to the external host through the wireless transceiver circuit 28 in this embodiment in the wireless circuit 25. In this embodiment, the wireless transceiver circuit uses a 2.4 GHz private protocol. After the data is collected, the data is wirelessly transmitted to the receiving antenna of the external host through the window 16 in the outer ring area of ​​the holder through the 2.4 GHz antenna.

[0086] The wireless circuit 25 also includes four groups of 900MHz wireless energy transmission circuits 29. The first group and the second group are connected in parallel to form a new group, the third group and the fourth group are connected in parallel to form a new group 2, and the new group 1 and the new group 2 are connected in series to form the topological structure of the entire wireless energy transmission circuit. Each group of infinite energy transmission circuits 29 needs to be connected to an external energy receiving antenna. The center frequency of the energy collection chip used in this embodiment is 900MHz, so the center frequency of the receiving antenna is also 900MHz. Since the minimum width of the window size of the retaining frame is 25mm, the maximum size of the receiving antenna placed in the roller cannot exceed 25mm. If the receiving antenna exceeds 25mm, the front of the edge of the antenna will be covered by metal, which seriously affects the efficiency of the antenna and the maximum support direction of the antenna. The space given to the antenna is very limited, far less than one-quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency, so the receiving antenna 30 of the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 needs to be specially designed. In the limited space, the maximum radiation direction of the receiving antenna 30 needs to face the window 16, the impedance of the antenna needs to meet the standard, and the efficiency of the antenna needs to be as high as possible. The structure of the receiving antenna 30 will be described in detail later.

[0087] The electronic device 10 collects electrical energy through the infinite energy transmission circuit 29 and stores it in a ceramic chip capacitor. The service life of the ceramic chip capacitor is much longer than the working life of the roller, covering the entire life cycle of the roller. This solves the problem of power supply for the electronic device during the life cycle of the roller. In comparison, lithium batteries are far from covering the life cycle of the roller.

[0088] The main printed circuit board 56 of the electronic device 10 also includes a power management circuit 23. The power management circuit 23 ensures that the electronic device operates under a stable power supply to avoid performance problems or damage caused by voltage fluctuations or current instability. The power management circuit 23 provides protection functions such as overload, short circuit, and overheating, and releases electrical energy after the chip capacitor is overcharged to avoid overvoltage operation of the entire electronic device 10 system.

[0089] Next, the antenna details are described, including: a reflector 55, a substrate, a coaxial feed line, and four sets of identical structures. The four sets of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiation printed circuit board 39. After the detailed shapes of each part are designed in the layout, the board factory can mass-produce the radiation printed circuit board 39 in this embodiment.

[0090] The radiation printed circuit board 39 also includes four groups of feeding points and four groups of tuning components. The reflector separates the radiation printed circuit board from the main printed circuit board. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, one end of the coaxial feed line (51, 52, 53, 54) is connected to the feeding point of the radiation printed circuit board 39, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit 29 of the main printed circuit board 56. The connection method of the four central axes is the same. For example, the method in which one of the coaxial lines is connected to the radiation printed circuit board 39 is: the center conductor 49A of the coaxial line is connected to the first feeding point 44, and the outer conductive layer 49B of the coaxial line is connected to the second feeding point 46. The coaxial line passes through the reflector 55 through a through hole and is connected to the main printed circuit board 56. The reflector 55 is metal, and a layer of insulating material is attached to the upper surface. The upper surface of the reflector 55 is tightly fitted with the radiation printed circuit board 39, and the lower surface of the reflector 55 is fitted with the lower surface of the hollow area at the top of the roller. The main printed circuit board 56 is vertically fixed below the reflector 55.

[0091] The four structures of the antenna are evenly and compactly distributed in four areas of the substrate. The four areas are electrically disconnected. The four structures have the same structure.

[0092] A single structure is now described in detail. The structure includes: a first radiator 31, a second radiator 32, a third radiator 37, a fourth radiator 38; seven grounding vias (two groups of three external grounding vias 35 and internal grounding vias 33), a feeding via 34; a microstrip feeding line 40; a group of tuning components (41, 42, 43); and a group of feeding points (45, 46).

[0093] The antenna substrate 39 has a thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 30 mm, and is made of FR4. The first radiator 31 and the second radiator 32 are located in a quarter of a circle with a diameter of 25 mm.

[0094] The first layer of the substrate 39 is arranged with the first radiator 31 and the second radiator 32; the second layer is left empty without copper coating; the third layer is arranged with the third radiator 37, and the fourth layer is arranged with the fourth radiator 38 and the microstrip feed line 40 and the patch positions (41, 42, 43) of the tuning component. That is, the antenna adopts the stacking structure of the ordinary printed circuit board, and the second layer is left empty.

[0095] The first to third grounding vias 35 connect the first radiator 31, the third radiator 37 and the fourth radiator 38, and the grounding vias 35 are arranged at the outer edge of the first radiator 31. The fourth to sixth grounding vias 35 connect the second radiator 32, the third radiator 37 and the fourth radiator 38, and the grounding vias 35 are arranged at the outer edge of the second radiator 32. The outer edges of the third radiator 37 and the fourth radiator 38 have the same shape and are located in a quarter area of ​​a circle with a diameter of 30 mm.

[0096] The seventh grounding via 33 connects the second radiator 32 and the fourth radiator 38 , and the grounding via 33 is arranged at the inner edge of the second radiator 32 .

[0097] The feeding through hole 34 connects the first radiator 31 through the substrate and then connects to the microstrip feeding line 40 on the fourth layer. The feeding through hole 34 is arranged at the inner edge of the first radiator 31 .

[0098] The patch position of the tuning component (41, 42, 43) is embedded on the microstrip feed line 40, the first feeding point 45 is arranged at the end 44 of the microstrip feed line 40, and the second feeding point 46 is arranged on the fourth radiator 38 adjacent to the first feeding point 45. The radiation printed circuit board 39 is not covered with oil only on the first feeding point 45, the second feeding point 46 and the patch position of the tuning component (41, 42, 43), and the other areas of the radiation printed circuit board 39 are covered with paint insulation treatment. The tuning component (41, 42, 43) can be a patch capacitor or a patch inductor. After the antenna is connected to the network analyzer, the value of the inductor or capacitor is changed so that the impedance of the antenna is around 50 ohms.

[0099] The third radiator 37 has a window where the seventh ground via 33 and the feeding via 34 pass through, and the window is capsule-shaped, that is, the third radiator 37 has no electrical connection with the seventh ground via 34 and the feeding via 34 .

[0100] The vertical distance between the first layer and the third layer of the substrate is more than seven times the vertical distance between the third layer and the fourth layer. In this embodiment, the vertical distance between the first layer and the third layer of the substrate is 1.7 mm, and the vertical distance between the third layer and the fourth layer is 0.2 mm.

[0101] The first radiator 31 and the second radiator 32 are separated by a groove, and the two are electrically disconnected at the position of the groove. The total area of ​​the first radiator and the second radiator is smaller than that of the third radiator.

[0102] The first radiator 31, the second radiator 32, the third radiator 37, the fourth radiator 38, and the microstrip feed line 40 are all copper-clad printed circuit boards. The seven grounding through holes (35, 33) and the one feeding through hole 34 are all metal through holes.

[0103] The measured direction diagram after the antenna design is completed is as follows Fig. 9 As shown, the maximum radiation direction is outward along the axis of the roller. During the energy transmission process, the plane of the transmitting antenna 15 is parallel to the plane of the antenna 30 of the electronic device 10. The cylindrical roller rotates from 0° to 360° in 10° increments with the axis as the center. The continuous transmission time at each angle is tested to be within 10 minutes, and there is no power shortage at any angle.

[0104] The present invention proposes an electronic device and an antenna, wherein the electronic device is embedded in the roller of a shield machine bearing, the antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit of the electronic device, and communicates with an external antenna, and the external window of the electronic device is arranged in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes. Through the above low-cost antenna structure design, wireless power supply to the roller in an extreme environment is realized. Among them, the antenna is on one of the top or bottom surfaces of the cylindrical roller, the axis of the roller passes through the geometric center of the antenna, the diameter of the antenna is less than one-third of the diameter of the roller cylinder, the antenna is evenly distributed into four blocks, each block is provided with a structure of the same structure, each structure is embedded with a tuning component, and the structure and tuning component of the antenna are integrated in a four-layer printed circuit board. The roller of the shield machine bearing is in an all-metal environment, and the height of the antenna window passing through the retaining frame does not exceed 25 mm, thereby realizing the monitoring of important parameters such as temperature, strain, acceleration, etc. of the roller, which greatly ensures the stable operation of the shield machine.

[0105] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Equivalent structures or equivalent process changes made by the scheme using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The antenna is applied to an electronic device, the electronic device is embedded inside the cylindrical roller of a shield machine bearing, the antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit of the electronic device and communicates with an external antenna, and the external window of the electronic device is arranged in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes; the antenna comprises: a reflector, a substrate, a coaxial feeder and four groups of identical structures, each of which is embedded with a tuning component, and the four groups of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiation printed circuit board, one end of the coaxial feeder is connected to the feeding point of the radiation printed circuit board, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit; Each set of structures includes: The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, and the fourth radiator; seven ground through holes, one feed through hole; a microstrip feed line; a group of tuning components; a group of feed points, and the structure layout includes: The first layer of the substrate is provided with the first radiator and the second radiator, the second layer is left vacant without copper covering, the third layer is provided with the third radiator, and the fourth layer is provided with the fourth radiator and the microstrip feed line and the patch position of the tuning component; The first grounding through hole and the third grounding through hole connect the first radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged on the outer edge of the first radiator; The fourth grounding through hole to the sixth grounding through hole connect the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged at the outer edge of the second radiator; The seventh grounding through hole connects the second radiator and the fourth radiator, and the seventh grounding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the second radiator; A feeding through hole connects the first radiator through the substrate and then connects to a microstrip feeding line on the fourth layer, and the feeding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the first radiator; A patch position of a tuning component is embedded on the microstrip feed line, a first feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged at the end of the microstrip feed line, and a second feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged on a fourth radiator adjacent to the first feeding point.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna is placed on the top surface or bottom surface of the cylindrical roller, and the axis of the cylindrical roller passes through the geometric center of the antenna; the diameter of the antenna is less than one-third of the diameter of the cylindrical roller; the cylindrical roller is in an all-metal environment, and the height of the window does not exceed 25 mm.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The electronic device further comprises: a main printed circuit board, the wireless energy transmission circuit is arranged on the main printed circuit board, and the reflector isolates the radiation printed circuit board from the main printed circuit board.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that The third radiator has a window where the seventh ground through hole and the feeding through hole pass through, and the vertical distance between the first layer and the third layer of the substrate is more than seven times the vertical distance between the third layer and the fourth layer; The third radiator and the fourth radiator have the same outer edge shape and size; The first radiator and the second radiator are separated by a slot, and the two are electrically disconnected at the location of the slot; The sum of the areas of the first radiator and the second radiator is smaller than that of the third radiator; The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, the fourth radiator, seven grounding through holes, one feeding through hole, and one microstrip feeding line are all made of metal; The four groups of structures are evenly distributed in four areas of the substrate, and the four areas are electrically disconnected; The central conductor of the coaxial feed line is connected to the first feeding point, the outer conductive layer of the coaxial feed line is connected to the second feeding point, and the coaxial feed line passes through the reflection plate through a through hole and is connected to the main printed circuit board.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device is embedded in the cylindrical roller of the shield machine bearing, and the electronic device includes: a window, a wireless energy transmission circuit and an antenna. The window is set in the outer ring area of ​​the retaining frame through which the axis of the cylindrical roller passes. The antenna is connected to the wireless energy transmission circuit and communicates with an external antenna; the antenna includes: a reflector, a substrate, a coaxial feeder and four groups of identical structures. The four groups of identical structures are embedded in the substrate to form a radiation printed circuit board. One end of the coaxial feeder is connected to the feeding point of the radiation printed circuit board, and the other end is connected to the feeding point of the wireless energy transmission circuit. Each set of structures includes: The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, and the fourth radiator; seven ground through holes, one feed through hole; a microstrip feed line; a group of tuning components; a group of feed points, and the structure layout includes: The first layer of the substrate is provided with the first radiator and the second radiator, the second layer is left vacant without copper covering, the third layer is provided with the third radiator, and the fourth layer is provided with the fourth radiator and the microstrip feed line and the patch position of the tuning component; The first grounding through hole and the third grounding through hole connect the first radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged on the outer edge of the first radiator; The fourth grounding through hole to the sixth grounding through hole connect the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and each grounding through hole is arranged at the outer edge of the second radiator; The seventh grounding through hole connects the second radiator and the fourth radiator, and the seventh grounding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the second radiator; A feeding through hole connects the first radiator through the substrate and then connects to a microstrip feeding line on the fourth layer, and the feeding through hole is arranged on the inner edge of the first radiator; A patch position of a tuning component is embedded on the microstrip feed line, a first feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged at the end of the microstrip feed line, and a second feeding point in a group of feeding points is arranged on a fourth radiator adjacent to the first feeding point.

6. The electronic device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electronic device also includes: a main printed circuit board, a top shell and a bottom shell, wherein the top shell and the bottom shell are respectively placed at the center of the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylindrical roller; the wireless energy transmission circuit is arranged on the main printed circuit board, and the reflector isolates the radiation printed circuit board from the main printed circuit board.

7. The electronic device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The radiation printed circuit board has four layers, the coaxial feed lines have four wires, and the radiation printed circuit board includes four groups of feed points and four groups of tuning components; The main printed circuit board includes: a control circuit, an input-output circuit, and a power management circuit; the control circuit includes one or more of a microcontroller, an integrated processor, a memory, a storage, a counter, an A / D converter, and a universal communication interface; The input-output circuit includes an input-output device and a wireless circuit; the input-output device includes various sensors; after the electronic device collects data through the various sensors, the electronic device transmits the data to an external host through the wireless circuit; The wireless circuit includes: four groups of wireless energy transmission circuits, wherein the first group and the second group are connected in parallel to form a new group, the third group and the fourth group are connected in parallel to form a new group, and the new group and the new group are connected in series to form the topological structure of the entire wireless energy transmission circuit; each group of wireless energy transmission circuits is externally connected to an antenna.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electronic device further comprises: a ceramic chip capacitor, wherein the electronic device collects electric energy through the wireless energy transmission circuit and stores the electric energy in the ceramic chip capacitor; The main printed circuit board also includes a power management circuit; The sensors include: a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a temperature sensor; The cylindrical roller is a hollow structure. The main printed circuit board is placed in the cavity of the cylindrical roller. The radiation printed circuit board and the reflector are placed on the top of the cylindrical roller. The strain sensor and the temperature sensor are placed on the bottom of the cylindrical roller.

9. The electronic device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The retaining frame separates a group of cylindrical rollers arranged in a ring in the bearing, and the distance between the retaining frame and the top surface of the cylindrical roller is less than 5 mm; the top center of the cylindrical roller is aligned with the geometric center of the window; the height of the window does not exceed 25 mm, and the length of the window does not exceed 60 mm; the antenna is the antenna described in any one of claims 1-5.

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