Hydrogen Nozzle and Combustion Chamber

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of aeroengines, and discloses a hydrogen nozzle and a combustion chamber. By arranging the inner wall surface of the converging flow channel to intersect with the hydrogen reflux direction of the hydrogen flowing out of the corresponding hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen flowing out of each hydrogen outlet is blocked by the converging flow channel during reflux, reducing the amount of hydrogen inside the reflux nozzle, improving the degree of flashback or even ablation of the nozzle during hydrogen reflux, and increasing the service life of the hydrogen nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aeroengines, and particularly relates to a hydrogen nozzle and a combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel is a promising clean and renewable energy source, and the advantages and potential of applying hydrogen fuel in the fields of aviation and gas turbine power are emerging. Due to the extremely high reaction rate and extremely fast flame propagation speed of hydrogen, and the wide ignition range and extremely low minimum ignition energy of hydrogen, when hydrogen burns, a recirculation zone is formed at the nozzle outlet, and the phenomenon of flashback or even ablation of the nozzle inevitably occurs in the central region of the nozzle outlet, which is likely to cause safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a hydrogen nozzle and a combustion chamber to solve the problem of flashback occurring at the nozzle during hydrogen combustion.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen nozzle, including a swirler group. Wherein, the swirler group is provided with multiple groups of hydrogen outlets, and each group of hydrogen outlets is correspondingly provided with a converging flow channel. The inner wall surface of any converging flow channel is arranged to intersect with the recirculation direction of the hydrogen flowing out from the corresponding hydrogen outlet to restrict the hydrogen recirculation.

[0005] Beneficial Effect: By arranging the inner wall surface of the converging flow channel to intersect with the recirculation direction of the hydrogen flowing out from the corresponding hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen flowing out from each group of hydrogen outlets is blocked by the converging flow channel during recirculation, reducing the amount of hydrogen flowing back into the nozzle, improving the degree of flashback or even ablation of the nozzle during hydrogen recirculation, and increasing the service life of the hydrogen nozzle.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the swirler group includes multiple stages of swirlers, which are stacked. Each stage of swirler is correspondingly provided with a group of hydrogen outlets.

[0007] Beneficial Effect: By adding multiple stages of swirlers to achieve staged combustion, during use, different combinations and collocations of multiple groups of hydrogen outlets can be made as needed to meet the requirements of different working conditions, thereby broadening the scope of application.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the hydrogen nozzle further includes a central body, which is located at the center of the hydrogen nozzle. The central body at least includes an installation main body, and the central axis of the installation main body coincides with the central axis of the hydrogen nozzle; the swirler group includes a first-stage swirl vane group and a first-stage gas collector, and the first-stage swirl vane group and the first-stage gas collector are sequentially arranged outside the installation main body along the radial direction of the installation main body. The first-stage swirl vane group and the first-stage gas collector constitute a first-stage swirler, and the outlet angle of the first-stage swirler is α1 where 30°≥α 1 ≥15°.

[0009] Beneficial effects: By installing a first-stage swirl vane group outside the installation body of the central body, the first-stage cyclone formed can generate swirling air. Also, by installing a first-stage gas collecting member outside the installation body of the central body, when hydrogen flows out at the first-stage gas collecting member, it can be directly mixed with the swirling air, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, achieving uniform combustion of hydrogen, reducing the local combustion reaction temperature, and reducing NO x emissions.

[0010] In an alternative embodiment, the central body further includes a tapered section. The tapered section is connected to the installation body along the axial direction of the central axis of the installation body. And in the direction where the tapered section is axially away from the installation body along the central axis of the installation body, the cross-sectional area of the tapered section gradually decreases; the hydrogen nozzle further includes a venturi tube. The venturi tube has a first inner wall surface. The first inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the tapered section enclose a first converging flow passage. There are a plurality of first-stage hydrogen spray holes opened between the two end faces of the venturi tube arranged along the axial direction of the central axis of the installation body. The plurality of first-stage hydrogen spray holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the venturi tube. One end of any one of the first-stage hydrogen spray holes is communicated with the first-stage gas collecting member, and the other end of any one of the first-stage hydrogen spray holes is communicated with the combustion chamber.

[0011] Beneficial effects: By enclosing the first inner wall surface of the venturi tube and the outer wall surface of the tapered section to form a first converging flow passage, and opening a first-stage hydrogen spray hole between the two end faces of the venturi tube arranged along the axial direction of the central axis of the installation body, the hydrogen in the first-stage gas collecting member can flow toward the combustion chamber side. Also, by arranging the plurality of first-stage hydrogen spray holes at intervals along the circumferential direction of the venturi tube, when hydrogen flows out in the first-stage gas collecting member in the form of multi-point direct injection, it can improve the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, achieve uniform combustion of hydrogen, reduce the local combustion reaction temperature, and reduce NO x emissions.

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the cyclone group further includes a second-stage swirl vane group and a second-stage gas collecting member. The second-stage swirl vane group and the second-stage gas collecting member are sequentially arranged outside the first-stage gas collecting member along the radial direction of the installation body. The second-stage swirl vane group and the second-stage gas collecting member form a second-stage cyclone. The outlet angle of the second-stage cyclone is α 2 where 30°≥α 2 ≥10°.

[0013] Beneficial effects: By installing a second-stage swirl vane group outside the first-stage gas collector, the second-stage cyclone formed can generate swirling air. Also, by installing a second-stage gas collector outside the first-stage gas collector, when hydrogen flows out at the second-stage gas collector, it can be directly mixed with the swirling air generated by the second-stage cyclone, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, achieving uniform combustion of hydrogen, reducing the local combustion reaction temperature, and reducing NOx emissions.

[0014] In an alternative embodiment, the second-stage gas collector is provided with an inner shell and an outer shell, and the inner shell and the outer shell enclose to form an annular tapered chamber. In the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the annular tapered chamber, the inner diameter of the annular tapered chamber gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of the annular tapered chamber gradually decreases.

[0015] Beneficial effects: By providing an annular tapered chamber inside the second-stage gas collector, specifically, in the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the annular tapered chamber, the cross-sectional area of the annular tapered chamber gradually decreases, making the flow rate of hydrogen uniform when flowing inside the annular tapered chamber, reducing the turbulence intensity of hydrogen, and reducing the risk of thermoacoustic oscillation during hydrogen fuel combustion.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the outer wall surface of the venturi tube is parallel to the inner wall surface of the inner shell; the inner shell is provided with second-stage hydrogen spray holes with one end communicating with the annular tapered chamber, the central axis of the second-stage hydrogen spray holes intersects with the outer wall surface of the venturi tube, there are multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes, and the multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner shell. The inner wall surface of the inner shell and the outer wall surface of the venturi tube enclose to form a second converging flow channel, and the other end of the second-stage hydrogen spray holes communicates with the second converging flow channel.

[0017] Beneficial effects: By providing multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes in the inner shell and arranging the multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner shell, when hydrogen flows out at the annular tapered chamber, it can be fully mixed and burned with the swirling air generated by the second-stage cyclone. Since the porous and direct mixing method is adopted, the uniformity of the mixture of hydrogen and air can be improved, enabling uniform combustion of hydrogen, reducing the local combustion reaction temperature, and thus reducing NO x emissions.

[0018] In an alternative embodiment, the cyclone vane group further includes a third-stage swirl vane group, and the third-stage swirl vane group is arranged outside the second-stage gas collector along the radial direction of the installation main body; the hydrogen nozzle further includes a cap, and the cap is sleeved outside the third-stage swirl vane group. The cap and the third-stage swirl vane group form a third-stage cyclone, and the outlet angle of the third-stage cyclone is α 3, 45° ≥ α 3 ≥ 20°, and the cap has a second inner wall surface which is parallel to the outer wall surface of the housing, and a third convergent flow channel is formed by enclosing the second inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the housing; the housing is provided with a third-stage hydrogen injection hole whose one end is communicated with the annular tapered chamber, the central axis of the third-stage hydrogen injection hole is arranged to intersect with the inner wall surface of the cap, there are a plurality of the third-stage hydrogen injection holes, and the plurality of third-stage hydrogen injection holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the housing, and the other end of the third-stage hydrogen injection hole is communicated with the third convergent flow channel.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the venturi tube is provided with a third inner wall surface which is close to the outlet, and in the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the venturi tube, the distance between the third inner wall surface and the central axis of the venturi tube gradually increases to form a diverging outlet, and the divergence angle is γ 1 , 20° ≥ γ 1 ≥ 10°.

[0020] Advantageous effects: By adding a diverging outlet at the venturi tube, the hydrogen gas escaping from the venturi tube is in a diffused form when flowing back to the combustion chamber side under the action of the convergent flow channel, and is fully mixed with the air generated by the first-stage swirler and the second-stage swirler before combustion, that is, full premixing is carried out, the mixing effect with the air is improved, the combustion effect is improved, and thus the NO x emission is effectively reduced.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a combustion chamber including the above hydrogen nozzle.

[0022] Advantageous effects: Since the combustion chamber includes a hydrogen nozzle, it has the same effects as the hydrogen nozzle and will not be elaborated here. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen nozzle provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the hydrogen nozzle provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the hydrogen nozzle provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Rear three - dimensional view of the hydrogen nozzle provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Front three - dimensional view of the hydrogen nozzle provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Cross - sectional view of the combustion chamber provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Hydrogen nozzle; 101. Central body; 1011. Mounting main body; 1012. Tapered section; 102. First - stage swirl vane group; 103. First - stage gas - collecting part; 104. Venturi tube; 1041. First inner wall surface; 1042. First - stage hydrogen injection holes; 1043. Third inner wall surface; 105. Second - stage swirl vane group; 106. Second - stage gas - collecting part; 1061. Inner shell; 1062. Outer shell; 1063. Annular tapered chamber; 1064. Second - stage hydrogen injection holes; 1065. Third - stage hydrogen injection holes; 107. Third - stage swirl vane group; 108. Cap; 1081. Second inner wall surface; 109. First converging flow channel; 111. Second converging flow channel; 112. Third converging flow channel; 113. First hydrogen flow channel; 114. Second hydrogen flow channel;

[0032] 2. Outer casing of the combustion chamber;

[0033] 3. Inner casing of the combustion chamber;

[0034] 4. Outer wall of the flame tube;

[0035] 5. Inner wall of the flame tube;

[0036] 6. Head ring;

[0037] 7. Deflector;

[0038] 8. Large elbow;

[0039] 9. Small elbow. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Due to the extremely high reaction rate and extremely fast flame propagation speed of hydrogen, and the wide ignition range and extremely low minimum ignition energy of hydrogen, when hydrogen burns, a recirculation zone is formed at the nozzle outlet, and backfire, spontaneous combustion, and even ablation inevitably occur in the central region of the nozzle outlet, which is likely to cause safety accidents.

[0042] To this end, in this application, multiple hydrogen outlets are provided in the swirler group, and a converging flow channel is correspondingly provided for each hydrogen outlet. The inner wall surface of any converging flow channel is arranged to intersect with the recirculation direction of the hydrogen flowing out of the corresponding hydrogen outlet to limit the hydrogen recirculation.

[0043] That is, by using the technical solution of this embodiment, by arranging the inner wall surface of the converging flow channel to intersect with the recirculation direction of the hydrogen flowing out of the corresponding hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen flowing out of each hydrogen outlet is blocked by the converging flow channel during recirculation, reducing the amount of hydrogen flowing back into the nozzle, improving the degree of backfire and even nozzle ablation during hydrogen recirculation, and increasing the service life of the hydrogen nozzle.

[0044] The following Figures 1 to 6 describes the embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] In the first aspect, this embodiment provides a hydrogen nozzle. Among them, the swirler group includes multiple-stage swirlers, the multiple-stage swirlers are stacked, and a set of hydrogen outlets is correspondingly provided for each stage of the swirler. And at least two sets of hydrogen outlets are connected to different hydrogen flow channels.

[0046] By using the technical solution of this embodiment, by adding multiple-stage swirlers, staged combustion is realized. During use, different combinations and collocations of multiple sets of hydrogen outlets are made as needed to meet the requirements of different working conditions, thereby broadening the applicable range.

[0047] It should be noted that the number of swirlers is not specifically limited. It can be two, three or more.

[0048] Preferably, as Figures 1 to 5 shown, this embodiment is provided with three-stage swirlers.

[0049] The following introduces the hydrogen nozzle 1 in this embodiment in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0050] In this embodiment, as Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, the hydrogen nozzle 1 includes a central body 101, which is located at the center of the hydrogen nozzle 1. The central body 101 at least includes a mounting body 1011, and the central axis of the mounting body 1011 coincides with the central axis of the hydrogen nozzle 1. The swirl vane group includes a first-stage swirl vane group 102 and a first-stage gas collector 103. The first-stage swirl vane group 102 and the first-stage gas collector 103 are sequentially arranged outside the mounting body 1011 along the radial direction of the mounting body 1011. The first-stage swirl vane group 102 and the first-stage gas collector 103 form a first-stage swirl device, and the outlet angle of the first-stage swirl device is α 1 , 30° ≥ α 1 ≥ 15°.

[0051] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, by installing the first-stage swirl vane group 102 outside the mounting body 1011 of the central body 101, the formed first-stage swirl device can generate swirling air. Also, by installing the first-stage gas collector 103 outside the mounting body 1011 of the central body 101, when hydrogen flows out at the first-stage gas collector 103, it can be directly mixed with the swirling air, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, achieving uniform combustion of hydrogen, reducing the local combustion reaction temperature, and reducing the emission of NO x .

[0052] Among them, the central body 101 further includes a tapered section 1012. The tapered section 1012 is axially connected to the mounting body 1011 along the central axis of the mounting body 1011. And in the direction away from the mounting body 1011 along the central axis of the mounting body 1011 of the tapered section 1012, the cross-sectional area of the tapered section 1012 gradually decreases. The hydrogen nozzle 1 further includes a venturi tube 104. The venturi tube 104 is provided with a first inner wall surface 1041. The first inner wall surface 1041 and the outer wall surface of the tapered section 1012 enclose a first converging flow channel 109. Between the two end faces of the venturi tube 104 arranged along the central axis of the mounting body 1011, a first-stage hydrogen spray hole 1042 is opened. There are multiple first-stage hydrogen spray holes 1042, and the multiple first-stage hydrogen spray holes 1042 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the venturi tube 104. One end of any first-stage hydrogen spray hole 1042 is communicated with the first-stage gas collector 103, and the other end of any first-stage hydrogen spray hole 1042 is communicated with the combustion chamber.

[0053] By using the technical solution of this embodiment, a first converging flow channel 109 is formed by enclosing the first inner wall surface 1041 of the venturi tube 104 and the outer wall surface of the tapered section 1012. A first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042 is provided between the two end faces axially arranged along the central axis of the mounting body 1011 of the venturi tube 104, so that the hydrogen in the first-stage gas collecting member 103 can flow toward the combustion chamber side. Also, by arranging a plurality of first-stage hydrogen injection holes 1042 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the venturi tube 104, the hydrogen takes the form of multi-point direct injection when flowing out of the first-stage gas collecting member 103, which can improve the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, achieve uniform combustion of hydrogen, reduce the local combustion reaction temperature, and reduce the emission of NO x emissions. By adopting the combustion mode of multi-point swirling true injection of hydrogen, the hydrogen flows into the combustion chamber under the guidance of the swirling air when ejected, further improving the degree of hydrogen flashback and ablation.

[0054] It can be explained that, in this embodiment, the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042 is an obliquely arranged cylindrical through hole. Specifically, the central axis of the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042 intersects with the central axis of the central body 101 Figure 1 inside.

[0055] It can be explained that, in this embodiment, the hydrogen nozzle 1 further includes a hydrogen transmission member. At this time, a first hydrogen flow channel 113 is provided inside the first hydrogen transmission member, a first-stage annular transmission chamber is provided inside the first-stage gas collecting member 103, one axial end of the first hydrogen flow channel 113 is communicated with the first annular transmission chamber, and the other axial end of the first annular transmission chamber is communicated with the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042.

[0056] It can be explained that no specific limitation is imposed on the aperture of the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042. For example, the aperture of the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042 is 0.2 - 0.5 mm. Preferably, the aperture of the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042 is 0.35 mm.

[0057] Similarly, it can be explained that no specific limitation is imposed on the number of the first-stage hydrogen injection holes 1042. For example, the number of the first-stage hydrogen injection holes 1042 is 20 - 100. Preferably, the number of the first-stage hydrogen injection holes 1042 is 30.

[0058] In this embodiment, as Figures 1 to 5 shown, the swirler group further includes a second-stage swirler vane group 105 and a second-stage gas collecting member 106. The second-stage swirler vane group 105 and the second-stage gas collecting member 106 are sequentially arranged outside the first-stage gas collecting member 103 along the radial direction of the mounting body 1011. The second-stage swirler vane group 105 and the second-stage gas collecting member 106 form a second-stage swirler, and the outlet angle of the second-stage swirler is α 2 , 30° ≥ α 2≥10°.

[0059] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, by installing a second-stage swirl vane group 105 outside the first-stage air collecting member 103, the formed second-stage cyclone can generate swirling air. Also, by installing a second-stage air collecting member 106 outside the first-stage air collecting member 103, when hydrogen flows out at the second-stage air collecting member 106, it can be directly mixed with the swirling air generated by the second-stage cyclone, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, realizing uniform combustion of hydrogen, reducing the local combustion reaction temperature, and reducing the emission of NOx.

[0060] Among them, the second-stage air collecting member 106 is provided with an inner shell 1061 and an outer shell 1062. The inner shell 1061 and the outer shell 1062 enclose an annular tapered chamber 1063. In the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the annular tapered chamber 1063, the inner diameter of the annular tapered chamber 1063 gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of the annular tapered chamber 1063 gradually decreases.

[0061] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, by providing an annular tapered chamber 1063 inside the second-stage air collecting member 106. Specifically, in the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the annular tapered chamber 1063, the cross-sectional area of the annular tapered chamber 1063 gradually decreases, making the flow velocity of hydrogen uniform when flowing inside the annular tapered chamber 1063, reducing the turbulence intensity of hydrogen, and reducing the risk of thermoacoustic oscillation during the combustion of hydrogen fuel.

[0062] Furthermore, the outer wall surface of the venturi tube 104 is parallel to the inner wall surface of the inner shell 1061; the inner shell 1061 is provided with second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064 with one end communicating with the annular tapered chamber 1063. The central axis of the second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064 intersects with the outer wall surface of the venturi tube 104. There are multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064, and the multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner shell 1061. The inner wall surface of the inner shell 1061 and the outer wall surface of the venturi tube 104 enclose a second converging flow channel 111, and the other end of the second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064 communicates with the second converging flow channel 111.

[0063] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, by providing multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064 on the inner shell 1061 and arranging the multiple second-stage hydrogen spray holes 1064 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner shell 1061, when hydrogen flows out at the annular tapered chamber 1063, it can be fully mixed and burned with the swirling air generated by the second-stage cyclone. Since the porous and direct mixing method is adopted, the uniformity degree after mixing hydrogen and air can be improved, enabling uniform combustion of hydrogen, reducing the local combustion reaction temperature, and thus reducing the emission of NO x emissions.

[0064] It should be noted that the aperture diameter of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is not specifically limited. For example, the aperture diameter of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is 0.2 - 0.5 mm. Preferably, the aperture diameter of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is 0.35 mm.

[0065] Similarly, the number of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is not specifically limited. For example, the number of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is 40 - 100. Preferably, the number of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is 60.

[0066] Similarly, the specific opening position of the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 is not specifically limited. For example, the distance L between the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 and the swirl outlet of the second-stage swirler 1 is 1 - 3 mm. Preferably, L 1 is 2 mm.

[0067] Similarly, the angle between the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 and the inner wall surface of the inner shell 1061 is 90° - 150°. Preferably, the angle β between the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 and the outer wall surface of the inner shell 1061 1 = 90°, that is, the second-stage hydrogen injection holes 1064 are opened perpendicular to the inner shell 1061.

[0068] It should be noted that in this embodiment, a second hydrogen flow channel 114 sleeved outside the first hydrogen flow channel 113 is further provided inside the hydrogen transmission member, a second annular transmission chamber is provided inside the second-stage gas collecting member 106, one axial end of the second hydrogen flow channel 114 communicates with the second annular transmission chamber, and the other axial end of the second annular transmission chamber communicates with the annular tapered chamber 1063.

[0069] In this embodiment, as Figures 1 to 5 shown, the swirler group further includes a third-stage swirler vane group 107, and the third-stage swirler vane group 107 is arranged outside the second-stage gas collecting member 106 along the radial direction of the installation main body 1011; the hydrogen nozzle 1 further includes a cap 108, the cap 108 is sleeved outside the third-stage swirler vane group 107, and the cap 108 and the third-stage swirler vane group 107 form a third-stage swirler, and the outlet angle of the third-stage swirler is α 3 , 45° ≥ α 3≥20°, and the cap 108 has a second inner wall surface 1081. The second inner wall surface 1081 is parallel to the outer wall surface of the outer shell 1062, and the second inner wall surface 1081 and the outer wall surface of the outer shell 1062 enclose a third converging flow channel 112; the outer shell 1062 is provided with third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065. The central axis of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 intersects with the inner wall surface of the cap 108. There are multiple third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065, and the multiple third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer shell 1062. The other end of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is communicated with the third converging flow channel 112.

[0070] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, by installing a third-stage swirl vane group 107 outside the second-stage gas collecting member 106, and sleeving the cap 108 on the third-stage swirl vane group 107, and at the same time making one end of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 communicate with the annular tapered chamber 1063, the hydrogen in the annular tapered chamber 1063 flows to the combustion chamber side through the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 and mixes with the swirling air generated by the third-stage swirler. At the same time, since the other end of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is communicated with the third converging flow channel 112, the hydrogen flowing back to the inside of the nozzle at the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is blocked by the third converging flow channel 112, that is, the hydrogen flowing back to the inside of the nozzle at the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is reduced, thereby improving the degree of flashback or even ablation of the nozzle when hydrogen flows back, and increasing the service life of the hydrogen nozzle 1; also, by arranging the multiple third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the second-stage gas collecting member 106, the hydrogen can be fully mixed and burned with the swirling air generated by the third-stage swirler when flowing out of the annular tapered chamber 1063. Since the porous and direct mixing method with air is adopted, the uniformity of the mixture of hydrogen and air can be improved, the hydrogen can be burned evenly, and the local combustion reaction temperature can be reduced, thereby reducing the x emission of NO.

[0071] It should be noted that the aperture of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is not specifically limited. For example, the aperture of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is 0.2 - 0.5 mm. Preferably, the aperture of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is 0.35 mm.

[0072] Similarly, the number of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is not specifically limited. For example, the number of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is 60 - 120. Preferably, the number of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is 90.

[0073] Similarly, the specific opening position of the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 is not specifically limited. For example, the distance L between the third-stage hydrogen spray holes 1065 and the swirl outlet of the third-stage swirler 2is 1 to 3 mm. Preferably, L 2 is 2 mm.

[0074] Similarly, the angle between the third-stage hydrogen injection hole 1065 and the outer wall surface of the housing 1062 is 60° to 90°. Preferably, the included angle β 2 between the third-stage hydrogen injection hole 1065 and the outer wall surface of the housing 1062 is 90°, that is, the third-stage hydrogen injection hole 1065 is provided perpendicular to the housing 1062.

[0075] Furthermore, the venturi tube 104 is provided with a third inner wall surface 1043, the third inner wall surface 1043 is close to the outlet, and in the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the venturi tube 104, the distance between the third inner wall surface 1043 and the central axis of the venturi tube 104 gradually increases to form an expanded outlet, and the expansion angle is γ 1 , 20° ≥ γ 1 ≥ 10°.

[0076] By using the technical solution of this embodiment, by adding an expanded outlet at the venturi tube 104, the hydrogen gas escaping from the venturi tube 104 returns to the combustion chamber side in a diffused form under the action of the converging flow channel, and is fully mixed with the air generated by the first-stage swirler and the second-stage swirler before combustion, that is, full premixing is carried out, the mixing effect with air is improved, the combustion effect is improved, and thus NO x emissions are effectively reduced.

[0077] When the above hydrogen nozzle 1 is in use, when operating under small working conditions such as ground start and idle speed, the engine only supplies hydrogen gas to the first hydrogen gas flow channel 113. The hydrogen gas in the first hydrogen gas flow channel 113 flows to the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042 after passing through the first annular transmission chamber, and is ejected from the first-stage hydrogen injection hole 1042, and is directly mixed and burned with the swirling air generated by the first-stage swirler and the second-stage swirler while being ejected. When operating under high working conditions such as cruising and takeoff, hydrogen gas is supplied to both the first hydrogen gas flow channel 113 and the second hydrogen gas flow channel 114 at the same time. The flow path of the hydrogen gas in the first hydrogen gas flow channel 113 remains unchanged. The hydrogen gas in the second hydrogen gas flow channel 114 flows to the annular tapered chamber 1063 after passing through the second annular transmission chamber, and is divided into two paths. One path is ejected from the second-stage hydrogen injection hole 1064, and the other path is ejected from the third-stage hydrogen injection hole 1065, and is directly mixed and burned with the swirling air generated by the second-stage swirler and the third-stage swirler. That is, staged combustion is realized. When in use, different combinations and collocations of multiple groups of hydrogen gas outlets are used as required to meet the requirements of different working conditions, and thus the applicable range is broadened.

[0078] The above hydrogen nozzle, when in use, by adopting the combustion mode of multi-point swirling true spraying of hydrogen, makes the hydrogen flow into the combustion chamber under the guidance of the swirling air when it is ejected, improving the degree of hydrogen backfire and ablation; and by arranging a plurality of converging channels, the hydrogen that escapes and flows back into the inside of the spray group is blocked, further improving the degree of hydrogen backfire and ablation. Thereby making the hydrogen fuel combustion meet the requirements of suppressing backfire and ablation. At the same time, by arranging a plurality of hydrogen flow channels, staged combustion is realized, so that only the hydrogen in the first hydrogen flow channel 113 participates in combustion under small working conditions of the aeroengine, and the hydrogen in the first hydrogen flow channel 113 and the second hydrogen flow channel 114 participates in combustion together under high working conditions, which can broaden the working range of the combustion chamber. In addition, by adopting the setting form of multiple groups of hydrogen spray holes, the hydrogen is directly mixed with the swirling air generated by each swirler when it is ejected, which can improve the mixing uniformity of hydrogen and air, realize uniform combustion of hydrogen, reduce the local combustion reaction temperature, and reduce NO x emissions.

[0079] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a combustion chamber, including the hydrogen nozzle 1 mentioned in the first aspect.

[0080] Specifically, this combustion chamber is applied to an aeroengine. As Figure 6 shown, the combustion chamber includes an outer casing 2 of the combustion chamber, an inner casing 3 of the combustion chamber, an outer wall 4 of the flame tube, an inner wall 5 of the flame tube, a head ring 6, a deflector 7, a large elbow 8, a small elbow 9 and a hydrogen nozzle 1. Among them, the combustion chamber adopts a single-ring cavity structure. The inner casing 3 of the combustion chamber and the outer casing 2 of the combustion chamber form the outer contour of the combustion chamber, and are connected to a compressor and a turbine respectively located on the front and rear sides of the outer contour of the combustion chamber. The outer casing 2 of the combustion chamber and the outer wall 4 of the flame tube form an outer ring secondary air passage. The outer casing 2 of the combustion chamber, the inner wall 5 of the flame tube and the small elbow 9 together form an inner ring secondary air passage. The inner casing 3 of the combustion chamber and the large elbow 8 form a cooling air flow path of the large elbow 8. The high-pressure air of the compressor enters the recirculation combustion chamber after being decelerated and pressurized by the diffuser, and completes combustion with hydrogen in the space surrounded by the outer wall 4 of the flame tube, the inner wall 5 of the flame tube, the head ring 6, the large elbow 8 and the small elbow 9. Hydrogen is ejected from the hydrogen nozzle 1 and mixed with the swirling air in the hydrogen nozzle 1.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen nozzle, characterized in that: include: A cyclone group, wherein the cyclone group is provided with a plurality of groups of hydrogen outlets, each group of hydrogen outlets is provided with a corresponding convergent flow channel, and the inner wall surface of each of the convergent flow channels is arranged to intersect with the reflux direction of the hydrogen flowing out of the corresponding hydrogen outlet to limit the reflux of hydrogen; A central body (101), the central body (101) being located at the center of the hydrogen nozzle (1), the central body (101) comprising at least a mounting body (1011), the central axis of the mounting body (1011) being coincident with the central axis of the hydrogen nozzle (1); A venturi tube (104), wherein a first-stage hydrogen spray hole (1042) is provided between two end surfaces of the venturi tube (104) arranged axially along the central axis of the installation body (1011), the central axis of the first-stage hydrogen spray hole (1042) is arranged to intersect with the central axis of the central body (101), and the distance between the central axis of the first-stage hydrogen spray hole (1042) and the central axis of the hydrogen nozzle (1) gradually decreases in the direction in which the outlet end of the first-stage hydrogen spray hole (1042) is away from the inlet end thereof; The cyclone group includes a second-stage gas collecting member (106), the second-stage gas collecting member (106) is provided with an inner shell (1061) and an outer shell (1062), the inner shell (1061) and the outer shell (1062) enclose an annular tapered chamber (1063), the inner shell (1061) is provided with a second-stage hydrogen spray hole (1064) having one end connected to the annular tapered chamber (1063), and the central axis of the second-stage hydrogen spray hole (1064) is arranged to intersect with the outer wall surface of the venturi tube (104).

2. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone group comprises a plurality of cyclones, and the plurality of cyclones are stacked and arranged, and each cyclone at each stage is provided with a group of hydrogen outlets.

3. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cyclone group comprises a first-stage cyclone blade group (102) and a first-stage air collecting member (103); the first-stage cyclone blade group (102) and the first-stage air collecting member (103) are arranged in sequence outside the installation body (1011) along the radial direction of the installation body (1011); the first-stage cyclone blade group (102) and the first-stage air collecting member (103) constitute a first-stage cyclone; the outlet angle of the first-stage cyclone is α1, 30°≥α1≥15°.

4. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central body (101) further comprises a tapered section (1012), wherein the tapered section (1012) is connected to the installation body (1011) along the axial direction of the central axis of the installation body (1011), and the cross-sectional area of ​​the tapered section (1012) gradually decreases in a direction in which the tapered section (1012) moves away from the installation body (1011) along the axial direction of the central axis of the installation body (1011); The venturi tube (104) is provided with a first inner wall surface (1041), and the first inner wall surface (1041) and the outer wall surface of the tapered section (1012) are combined to form a first convergent flow channel (109). A plurality of first-stage hydrogen spray holes (1042) are provided, and the plurality of first-stage hydrogen spray holes (1042) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the venturi tube (104). One end of any of the first-stage hydrogen spray holes (1042) is connected to the first-stage gas collecting member (103), and the other end of any of the first-stage hydrogen spray holes (1042) is connected to the combustion chamber.

5. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cyclone group further comprises a second-stage cyclone blade group (105), wherein the second-stage cyclone blade group (105) and the second-stage air collecting member (106) are sequentially arranged outside the first-stage air collecting member (103) along the radial direction of the installation body (1011), and the second-stage cyclone blade group (105) and the second-stage air collecting member (106) constitute a second-stage cyclone, and the outlet angle of the second-stage cyclone is α2, 30° ≥ α2≥10°。 6. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the direction extending from the inlet end to the outlet end of the annular tapered chamber (1063), the inner diameter of the annular tapered chamber (1063) gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular tapered chamber (1063) gradually decreases.

7. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall surface of the venturi tube (104) is parallel to the inner wall surface of the inner shell (1061); A plurality of the second-stage hydrogen spray holes (1064) are provided, and the plurality of the second-stage hydrogen spray holes (1064) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the inner shell (1061); the inner wall surface of the inner shell (1061) and the outer wall surface of the venturi tube (104) are combined to form a second convergent flow channel (111); and the other end of the second-stage hydrogen spray hole (1064) is in communication with the second convergent flow channel (111).

8. The hydrogen nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cyclone group further comprises a third-stage cyclone blade group (107), wherein the third-stage cyclone blade group (107) is arranged outside the second-stage air collecting member (106) along the radial direction of the mounting body (1011); The hydrogen nozzle (1) further comprises a cap (108), the cap (108) being sleeved outside the third-stage swirl blade group (107), the cap (108) and the third-stage swirl blade group (107) forming a third-stage swirler, the outlet angle of the third-stage swirler being α3, 45°≥α3≥20°, and the cap (108) having a second inner wall surface (1081), the second inner wall surface (1081) being parallel to the outer wall surface of the outer shell (1062), and the second inner wall surface (1081) and the outer wall surface of the outer shell (1062) enclosing a third convergent flow channel (112); The outer shell (1062) is provided with a third-stage hydrogen spray hole (1065) whose end is connected to the annular tapered chamber (1063). The central axis of the third-stage hydrogen spray hole (1065) is arranged to intersect with the inner wall surface of the cap (108). There are multiple third-stage hydrogen spray holes (1065), and the multiple third-stage hydrogen spray holes (1065) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer shell. The other end of the third-stage hydrogen spray hole (1065) is connected to the third convergent flow channel (112).

9. The hydrogen nozzle according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The venturi tube (104) is provided with a third inner wall surface (1043), the third inner wall surface (1043) is arranged close to the outlet, and in the direction extending from the inlet end to the outlet end of the venturi tube (104), the distance between the third inner wall surface (1043) and the central axis of the venturi tube (104) gradually increases to form an expansion outlet, and the expansion angle is γ1, 20°≥γ1≥10°.

10. A combustion chamber, characterized in that: The hydrogen nozzle comprises the hydrogen nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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