A method for improving the stress resistance of marbled shrimp in culture

Abstract

This invention provides a method for improving the stress resistance of Penaeus monodon in aquaculture, comprising the following steps: ① disinfection and water filling of the culture pond; ② water quality adjustment and cultivation; ③ introduction of anti-stress supplementary pellets; ④ feed cultivation; ⑤ release of shrimp larvae; ⑥ feeding management; and ⑦ post-cultivation management. This invention improves the stress resistance of Penaeus monodon by introducing anti-stress supplementary pellets and adding anti-stress components to the feed, thereby achieving a shrimp larvae survival rate of 40.9%, a body length of 30.6 mm, and a weight of 1.35 g, resulting in higher aquaculture yields and greater economic benefits for farmers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shrimp farming technology, specifically to a farming method for improving the stress resistance of Penaeus monodon. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing demand for aquatic products, aquaculture has gradually become an important part of the fishery industry. Shrimp, as a highly regarded premium seafood, is favored by both domestic and international markets. With the continued growth in demand for high-quality shrimp products, shrimp farming has become a pillar industry of the fishery sector. Among them, the tiger prawn (Litopenaeus monodon) has become one of the main shrimp farming species due to its advantages such as large size, rapid growth rate, ability to reach market size quickly, omnivorous diet, high yield, and low feed conversion ratio. However, due to the excessive pursuit of farming efficiency, farming density is becoming increasingly high, and the shrimp are also greatly affected by sudden weather changes such as rain, cold waves, and temperature rises, often putting tiger prawn larvae in a state of stress. Stress response has multiple effects on tiger prawn larvae. First, physiologically, stress can lead to increased respiration, increased heart rate, and even metabolic disorders in tiger prawn larvae, causing their bodies to turn blue. Second, under stress, the growth rate of tiger prawn larvae will significantly slow down or even stop. Furthermore, stress will affect the appetite of tiger prawn larvae, leading to reduced food intake. Meanwhile, stress can also impair the digestive function of tiger prawn larvae, preventing them from effectively absorbing and utilizing nutrients from food. Over time, this can lead to malnutrition and prolonged rearing periods. Most importantly, stress reduces the immune function of tiger prawn larvae, making them more susceptible to pathogens and consequently lowering their survival rate. Since stress is prevalent in aquaculture, improving the stress resistance of tiger prawn larvae to adapt to the changing environmental requirements is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed in tiger prawn larvae farming. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a farming method to improve the stress resistance of tiger prawns in order to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is achieved as follows: A method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns, comprising the following steps:

[0005] ① Disinfection and water filling of aquaculture ponds: Dry the aquaculture ponds and expose them to the sun. Spray quicklime on the entire pond for disinfection. Disinfection treatment lasts for 24-36 hours. After disinfection, remove the quicklime, rinse with clean water, and introduce seawater to fill the pond to a depth of 80-100cm.

[0006] ② Water quality conditioning and cultivation: Adjust the pH of the aquaculture pond water to 7.5-8.5, the salinity to 1.5-3.0%, and the dissolved oxygen to 5.0-6.0 mg / L. Apply organic fermented fertilizer and microbial preparation I to cultivate the water quality.

[0007] ③ Add stress-resistant auxiliary particles: Add stress-resistant auxiliary particles to the aquaculture pond. The stress-resistant auxiliary particles include alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan in a mass ratio of (2.0-4.0):(1.0-3.0):(1.0-3.0):(0.5-1.5). The stress-resistant auxiliary particles should be added to cover 40-50% of the bottom surface of the aquaculture pond.

[0008] ④ Feed cultivation: Inoculate diatoms and spirulina into the aquaculture pond water and cultivate them under natural light;

[0009] ⑤ Shrimp larvae release: Release the nauplius larvae into the culture pond on a sunny morning; set up a shade net above the culture pond and carry out shaded cultivation under a light intensity of 600-800 Lx, and adjust the water temperature to 28-30℃.

[0010] ⑥ Feeding Management: During the zoea larval stage, Penaeus monodon larvae are fed diatoms and spirulina to maintain an algae density of 30,000-50,000 algae / mL in the culture pond. Rotifers are also fed at a rate of 5-10g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 4-6 times per day. During the mysid stage, diatoms and spirulina are fed to maintain an algae density of 30,000-50,000 algae / mL in the culture pond. Artemia nauplii and compound feed are also fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 3-5g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 3-4 times per day. Compound feed is fed at a rate of 5-10g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 2-3 times per day. During the larval stage... The animals were fed Artemia nauplii and a compound feed. The Artemia nauplii were fed 8-10g per 10,000 nauplii at a time, 3-4 times a day. The compound feed was fed 20-30g per 10,000 nauplii at a time, 2-3 times a day. The compound feed consisted of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30-50 parts protein, 20-40 parts carbohydrate, 10-20 parts fat, 5-15 parts vitamin, 5-10 parts mineral, and 5-10 parts anti-stress components. The anti-stress components included uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine, and laminarin.

[0011] ⑦ Post-construction management: Change the water every 8-10 days, with each change replacing 10-20% of the total water volume; every 10-15 days, apply quicklime to the entire pond, with each application using 15-25 kg / mu; every 7-10 days, use microbial preparation II to adjust the water quality.

[0012] Furthermore, in step ①, the amount of quicklime sprayed is 40-60 kg / mu; the seawater in step ① needs to undergo the following treatment before being injected into the aquaculture pond: first, it is filtered through coarse sand, then through fine sand, then through activated carbon, and finally through a 100-150 mesh screen. The filtered seawater is pumped into a storage pond and allowed to settle for 24-48 hours. It is then disinfected with potassium permanganate at a dosage of 4-7 mg / L for 3-5 hours. The disinfected seawater is then pumped into the aquaculture pond.

[0013] Furthermore, in step ②, the organic fermented fertilizer is prepared by fermentation of animal manure, rice bran, urea, and yeast in a mass ratio of (200-300):(30-40):(1-2):(0.3-0.5). The animal manure is one of chicken, duck, goose, bird, cow, sheep, or pig manure. The application rate of the organic fermented fertilizer is 100-200 kg / mu. Microbial preparation I is composed of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of (1.0-2.0):(1.0-2.0):(0.8-1.5):(1.0-1.5). The viability of microbial preparation I is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation I is 1-2 kg / mu.

[0014] Furthermore, the stress-resistant auxiliary particles in step ③ are prepared by the following method: alunite, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan are weighed according to the mass ratio, and the above raw materials are placed in a pulverizer and pulverized to 80-120 mesh. Then, they are placed in a mixer and stirred for 10-20 minutes at 200-300 r / min. After stirring, they are placed in a granulator to make spherical particles with a radius of 0.4-0.6 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step ④, the density of diatoms and spirulina in the culture pond is maintained at 50,000-80,000 cells / mL.

[0016] Furthermore, in step ⑤, the stocking density is 100,000-150,000 fish per acre.

[0017] Furthermore, in step ⑥, the mass ratio of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine, and laminarin in the anti-stress component is (1.0-2.0):(0.8-1.6):(0.5-1.0).

[0018] Furthermore, in step ⑥, the protein component is one of fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, or rapeseed meal; the vitamin component is composed of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a mass ratio of (1-2):(2-3):(4-5); the fat component is one of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, tea seed oil, or rapeseed oil; the carbohydrate component is one of corn flour, wheat flour, or rice flour; and the mineral component is composed of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc methionine in a mass ratio of (4.0-6.0):(1.0-3.0):(0.5-1.5).

[0019] Furthermore, in step ⑦, microbial preparation II is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacilli, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of (1.0-2.0):(1.2-1.6):(1.0-1.5), and the viability of microbial preparation II is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation II is 1.5-3.0 kg / mu.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention involves placing an anti-stress auxiliary granule, made from a mixture of alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan charcoal, at the bottom of the rearing pond. The alum stone component improves the water quality of the rearing pond, causing colloidal particles in the water to aggregate and precipitate, thereby reducing water turbidity, increasing water transparency, and reducing stress responses caused by visual limitations. Simultaneously, the alum stone component has bactericidal and disinfecting functions, effectively reducing the concentration of harmful substances such as pathogens, bacteria, and viruses in the water, helping to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of diseases. Furthermore, by creating a cleaner water environment, it indirectly improves the stress resistance of tiger prawn larvae. The perlite component has excellent heat retention and insulation properties, effectively regulating and stabilizing water temperature, providing a suitable and constant thermal environment for tiger prawn larvae, reducing stress responses caused by water temperature fluctuations, and thus improving the stress resistance of tiger prawn larvae. The fluorite component promotes the metabolism of Penaeus monodon larvae, enabling them to recover and adapt more quickly to stress factors, thus enhancing their stress resistance. The binchotan component emits far-infrared rays, which, when absorbed by the larvae, cause resonance of atoms and molecules in the larvae's cells, promoting blood and microcirculation. This allows more immune cells and antibodies to quickly reach all parts of the body, further enhancing their stress resistance.

[0021] Meanwhile, this invention comprehensively enhances the stress resistance of tiger prawn larvae by setting reasonable stocking density, controlling water quality and light conditions, and feeding them a compound feed rich in protein, fat, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals and anti-stress components. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns includes the following steps:

[0027] ① Disinfection and water filling of aquaculture ponds: Dry the aquaculture ponds and expose them to the sun. Spray quicklime at a rate of 40 kg / mu onto the entire pond for disinfection. Disinfect for 24 hours. After disinfection, remove the quicklime, rinse with clean water, and introduce seawater to a depth of 80 cm. Before being injected into the aquaculture ponds, the seawater must undergo the following treatment: first, it must be filtered through coarse sand, then through fine sand, then through activated carbon, and finally through a 100-mesh sieve. The filtered seawater is pumped to a storage tank and allowed to settle for 24 hours. Then, it is disinfected with potassium permanganate at a concentration of 4 mg / L for 3 hours. The disinfected seawater is then pumped into the aquaculture ponds.

[0028] ② Water quality conditioning and cultivation: Adjust the pH of the aquaculture pond water to 7.5, salinity to 1.5%, and dissolved oxygen to 5.0 mg / L. Apply organic fermented fertilizer and microbial preparation I to cultivate water quality. The organic fermented fertilizer is made by fermenting chicken manure, rice bran, urea, and yeast in a mass ratio of 200:30:1:0.3, and the application rate is 100 kg / mu. Microbial preparation I consists of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 1.0:1.0:0.8:1.0, and the bacterial count of microbial preparation I is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation I is 1 kg / mu.

[0029] ③ Adding anti-stress granules: Add anti-stress granules to the aquaculture pond. The anti-stress granules are composed of alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan in a mass ratio of 2.0:1.0:1.0:0.5. The anti-stress granules are added to cover 40% of the bottom surface of the aquaculture pond. The anti-stress granules are prepared by the following method: Weigh alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan according to the mass ratio, put the above raw materials into a pulverizer and pulverize them to 80 mesh, then put them into a mixer and stir at 200 r / min for 20 min. After stirring, put them into a pelletizer to make spherical particles with a radius of 0.4 cm.

[0030] ④ Feed cultivation: Inoculate diatoms and spirulina into the aquaculture pond water and cultivate them under natural light. The algae density in the aquaculture pond should be maintained at 50,000 algae / mL.

[0031] ⑤ Shrimp larvae stocking: Stock the nauplius larvae into the culture pond at a density of 100,000 larvae / acre on a sunny morning; set up a shade net above the culture pond and carry out shaded cultivation under a light intensity of 600 Lx, while adjusting the water temperature to 28℃.

[0032] ⑥ Feeding Management: During the zoea larval stage, Penaeus monodon larvae are fed diatoms and spirulina to maintain an algae density of 30,000 algae / mL in the culture pond. Rotifers are also fed at a rate of 5g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, four times a day. During the mysid stage, diatoms and spirulina are fed to maintain an algae density of 30,000 algae / mL in the culture pond. Artemia nauplii and compound feed are also fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 3g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, three times a day. Compound feed is fed at a rate of 5g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, twice a day. During the juvenile stage, Artemia nauplii and compound feed are fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 100g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, twice a day. Feed 8g / 10,000 fish three times a day. The compound feed is fed 20g / 10,000 fish twice a day. The compound feed consists of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30 parts fishmeal, 20 parts cornmeal, 10 parts soybean oil, 5 parts vitamin components consisting of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 1:2:4, 5 parts mineral components consisting of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and zinc methionine in a mass ratio of 4.0:1.0:0.5, and 5 parts anti-stress components consisting of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine and laminarin in a mass ratio of 1.0:0.8:0.5.

[0033] ⑦ Post-treatment management: Change the water every 8 days, replacing 10% of the total water volume each time; apply quicklime to the entire pond every 10 days, using 15 kg / mu of quicklime per application; adjust the water quality every 7 days with microbial preparation II, which consists of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacilli, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 1.0:1.2:1.0, with a bacterial count of 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation II is 1.5 kg / mu.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns includes the following steps:

[0036] ① Disinfection and water filling of aquaculture ponds: Dry the aquaculture ponds and expose them to the sun. Spray quicklime at a rate of 50 kg / mu onto the entire pond for disinfection. Disinfection treatment lasts for 30 hours. After disinfection, remove the quicklime, rinse with clean water, and introduce seawater to a depth of 90 cm. Before being injected into the aquaculture ponds, the seawater must undergo the following treatments: first, it must be filtered through coarse sand, then through fine sand, then through activated carbon, and finally through a 125-mesh sieve. The filtered seawater is then pumped into a storage tank and allowed to settle for 36 hours. Disinfection is then carried out using potassium permanganate at a concentration of 5.5 mg / L for 4 hours. The disinfected seawater is then pumped into the aquaculture ponds.

[0037] ② Water quality conditioning and cultivation: Adjust the pH of the aquaculture pond water to 8.0, salinity to 2.5%, and dissolved oxygen to 5.5 mg / L. Apply organic fermented fertilizer and microbial preparation I to cultivate water quality. The organic fermented fertilizer is made by fermenting bird droppings, rice bran, urea, and yeast in a mass ratio of 250:35:1.5:0.4, and the application rate is 150 kg / mu. Microbial preparation I is composed of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:1.2:1.2, and the bacterial count of microbial preparation I is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation I is 1.5 kg / mu.

[0038] ③ Adding anti-stress granules: Add anti-stress granules to the aquaculture pond. The anti-stress granules are composed of alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan in a mass ratio of 3.0:2.0:2.0:1.0. The anti-stress granules are added to cover 40%-50% of the bottom surface of the aquaculture pond. The anti-stress granules are prepared by the following method: Weigh alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan according to the mass ratio, put the above raw materials into a pulverizer and pulverize them to 100 mesh, then put them into a mixer and stir for 15 minutes at 250 r / min. After stirring, put them into a pelletizer to make spherical particles with a radius of 0.5 cm.

[0039] ④ Feed cultivation: Inoculate diatoms and spirulina into the aquaculture pond water and cultivate them under natural light. The algae density in the aquaculture pond should be maintained at 65,000 algae / mL.

[0040] ⑤ Shrimp larvae stocking: Stock the nauplius larvae into the culture pond at a density of 125,000 larvae / acre on a sunny morning; set up a shade net above the culture pond and carry out shaded cultivation under a light intensity of 700 Lx, with the water temperature adjusted to 29℃.

[0041] ⑥ Feeding Management: During the zoea larval stage, Penaeus monodon larvae are fed diatoms and spirulina to maintain an algae density of 40,000 cells / mL in the culture pond. Rotifers are also fed at a rate of 7.5g / 10,000 larvae, 5 times / day. During the mysid stage, diatoms and spirulina are fed to maintain an algae density of 40,000 cells / mL in the culture pond. Artemia nauplii and compound feed are also fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 4g / 10,000 larvae, 4 times / day, while compound feed is fed at a rate of 7.5g / 10,000 larvae, 3 times / day. During the juvenile stage, Artemia nauplii and compound feed are fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 9g / 10,000 larvae, 1 time / day. Tens of thousands of shrimp were fed four times a day. The compound feed was given at a rate of 25g per ten thousand shrimp three times a day. The compound feed consisted of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 40 parts shrimp meal, 30 parts wheat flour, 15 parts tea seed oil, 10 parts vitamin components consisting of vitamins A, C, and E in a mass ratio of (1-2):(2-3):(4-5), 8 parts mineral components consisting of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc methionine in a mass ratio of 5.0:2.0:1.0, and 7 parts anti-stress components consisting of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine, and laminarin in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.2:0.8.

[0042] ⑦ Post-treatment management: Change the water every 9 days, replacing 15% of the total water volume each time; apply quicklime solution to the entire pond every 12 days, using 20g / mu per application; adjust the water quality every 8 days with microbial preparation II, which consists of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacilli, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.4:1.2, with a bacterial count of 5×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation II is 2.2 kg / mu.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns includes the following steps:

[0045] ① Disinfection and water filling of aquaculture ponds: Dry the aquaculture ponds and expose them to the sun. Spray quicklime at a rate of 60 kg / mu onto the entire pond for disinfection. The disinfection treatment lasts for 36 hours. After disinfection, remove the quicklime, rinse with clean water, and then introduce seawater to a depth of 100 cm. Before being injected into the aquaculture ponds, the seawater must undergo the following treatment: first, it must be filtered through coarse sand, then through fine sand, then through activated carbon, and finally through a 150-mesh sieve. The filtered seawater is then pumped into a storage tank and allowed to settle for 48 hours. It is then disinfected with potassium permanganate at a concentration of 7 mg / L for 5 hours. The disinfected seawater is then pumped into the aquaculture ponds.

[0046] ② Water quality conditioning and cultivation: Adjust the pH of the aquaculture pond water to 8.5, salinity to 3.0%, and dissolved oxygen to 6.0 mg / L. Apply organic fermented fertilizer and microbial preparation I to cultivate water quality. The organic fermented fertilizer is made by fermenting cow manure, rice bran, urea, and yeast in a mass ratio of 300:40:2:0.5, and the application rate is 200 kg / mu. Microbial preparation I is composed of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 2.0:2.0:1.5:1.5, and the bacterial count of microbial preparation I is 9 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation I is 2 kg / mu.

[0047] ③ Adding anti-stress auxiliary particles: Add anti-stress auxiliary particles to the aquaculture pond. The anti-stress auxiliary particles include alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan in a mass ratio of 4.0:3.0:3.0:1.5. The anti-stress auxiliary particles are added to cover 50% of the bottom surface of the aquaculture pond. The anti-stress auxiliary particles are prepared by the following method: Weigh alum stone, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan according to the mass ratio, put the above raw materials into a pulverizer, pulverize them to 120 mesh, then put them into a mixer and stir for 10 minutes at 300 r / min. After stirring, put them into a pelletizer to make spherical particles with a radius of 0.6 cm.

[0048] ④ Feed cultivation: Inoculate diatoms and spirulina into the aquaculture pond water and cultivate them under natural light, maintaining an algal density of 80,000 algae / mL in the aquaculture pond.

[0049] ⑤ Stocking of shrimp larvae: Stock the nauplius larvae of Penaeus monodon into the culture pond at a density of 150,000 larvae per mu (approximately 667 square meters) on a sunny morning. Set up a shade net above the culture pond and carry out shaded cultivation under a light intensity of 800 Lx, while adjusting the water temperature to 30℃.

[0050] ⑥ Feeding Management: During the zoea larval stage, Penaeus monodon larvae are fed diatoms and spirulina to maintain an algae density of 50,000 algae / mL in the culture pond. Rotifers are also fed at a rate of 10g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 6 times a day. During the mysid stage, diatoms and spirulina are fed to maintain an algae density of 50,000 algae / mL in the culture pond. Artemia nauplii and compound feed are also fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 5g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 4 times a day. Compound feed is fed at a rate of 10g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 3 times a day. During the juvenile stage, Artemia nauplii and compound feed are fed. Artemia nauplii are fed at a rate of 10g / 10,000 larvae per feeding, 3 times a day. Feed 10g / 10,000 fish, 4 times / day. The compound feed is fed 30g / 10,000 fish per feeding, 3 times / day. The compound feed includes the following ingredients in parts by weight: 50 parts soybean meal, 40 parts rice flour, 20 parts peanut oil, 15 parts vitamin components consisting of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 2:3:5, 10 parts mineral components consisting of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and zinc methionine in a mass ratio of 6.0:3.0:1.5, and 10 parts anti-stress components consisting of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine and laminarin in a mass ratio of 2.0:1.6:1.0.

[0051] ⑦ Post-treatment management: Change the water every 10 days, replacing 20% ​​of the total water volume each time; apply quicklime solution to the entire pond every 15 days, using 25g / mu per application; adjust the water quality every 10 days with microbial preparation II, which consists of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacilli, and Bacillus in a mass ratio of 2.0:1.6:1.5, with a bacterial count of 9×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the application rate of microbial preparation II is 3.0 kg / mu.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that no anti-stress auxiliary particles were added to the aquaculture pond.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] Compared with Example 2, the difference in this comparative example is that the stress-resistant auxiliary particles are composed of alunite, perlite, fluorite and binchotan in a mass ratio of 1.0:4.0:4.0:0.3.

[0056] Comparative Example 3

[0057] Compared with Example 2, the difference in this comparative example is that the compound feed does not contain anti-stress components. That is, the compound feed includes the following ingredients in parts by weight: 40 parts shrimp powder, 30 parts wheat flour, 15 parts tea seed oil, 10 parts vitamin components composed of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of (1-2):(2-3):(4-5), and 8 parts mineral components composed of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and zinc methionine in a mass ratio of 5.0:2.0:1.0.

[0058] Comparative Example 4

[0059] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the anti-stress component is only taurine.

[0060] I. Stress Resistance Testing

[0061] Experiments were conducted at the Penaeus monodon larvae breeding base in Wengtian Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province. The larvae were cultured for 22 days according to the methods described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (APP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the hepatopancreas of the larvae from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were measured. Each indicator was tested three times for each sample, and the average value was taken. The results are recorded in Table 1. SOD activity reflects the larvae's antioxidant stress resistance; higher SOD activity indicates higher stress resistance. Acid phosphatase and ALP activities reflect the larvae's energy supply and metabolic state, indicating their stress resistance; higher ALP and ALP activities also indicate higher stress resistance.

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] As can be seen from Table 1, the superoxide dismutase activity, acid phosphatase activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity of the shrimp larvae cultured by the methods in Examples 1-3 were significantly higher than those of the shrimp larvae cultured by Comparative Examples 1-4, with Example 2 showing better results.

[0066] Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 2, prepared from a mixture of alunite, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan charcoal, exhibits superior stress-resistant granules. The alunite component improves water quality in the nursery pond, causing colloidal particles to aggregate and precipitate, thereby reducing turbidity, increasing transparency, and minimizing stress responses due to visual limitations. Furthermore, by creating a clean aquatic environment, it helps increase the activity of superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in shrimp larvae, thus enhancing their stress resistance. The perlite component possesses excellent thermal insulation properties, effectively regulating and stabilizing water temperature, providing a suitable and constant thermal environment for the shrimp larvae, reducing stress responses caused by temperature fluctuations, and further enhancing their stress resistance. The fluorite component promotes metabolism in the shrimp larvae, helping to activate and enhance their physiological functions. In particular, fluorite's promoting effect can significantly increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), helping shrimp larvae more effectively eliminate free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. Simultaneously, fluorite can also enhance the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Therefore, when shrimp larvae face stress factors, due to the activating effect of fluorite, they can recover and adapt more quickly, with increased activities of SOD, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, thus enhancing their stress resistance. The binchotan component emits far-infrared rays, which, when absorbed by the shrimp larvae, induce resonance of atoms and molecules in the larvae's cells. This resonance effect not only promotes blood and microcirculation, allowing more immune cells and antibodies to quickly reach all parts of the body, but also further stimulates the shrimp larvae's biological activity, significantly increasing SOD activity and helping them more effectively eliminate free radicals and maintain cellular health. Simultaneously, the activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase are also enhanced. Therefore, binchotan, by emitting far-infrared rays, not only promotes blood circulation in shrimp larvae, but also significantly enhances their stress resistance by increasing the activity of these key enzymes.

[0067] Compared with Comparative Example 2, the superoxide dismutase activity, acid phosphatase activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity of Comparative Example 2 were lower than those of Example 2. This shows that alum, perlite, fluorite, and binchotan can only exert their best functions and have a better effect on improving the stress resistance of tiger prawn larvae when they are in specific proportions.

[0068] Compared with Comparative Example 3, in Example 2, the uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid in the anti-stress component underwent hydrolysis, reduction, and dehydration to form L-gulonolactone, which was then oxidized to vitamin C by L-gulonolactone oxidase, thereby increasing the superoxide dismutase activity of Penaeus monodon larvae. Taurine, by regulating the physiological environment within the larvae, provides more suitable working conditions for acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, thus increasing the activity of these two enzymes. Laminaria polysaccharides, by activating the immune system of the larvae, increase the superoxide dismutase activity, thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the larvae. Simultaneously, laminarin polysaccharides also increase the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase by activating them. Therefore, under the combined action of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine, and laminarin polysaccharides, the activities of superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in the larvae are enhanced, and their anti-stress capacity is correspondingly improved.

[0069] Compared with Comparative Example 4, Example 2 lacked uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid and laminarin in its anti-stress component, resulting in a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in shrimp larvae, thus greatly weakening their stress resistance. This demonstrates that uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid and laminarin play an irreplaceable role in enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in shrimp larvae, thereby improving their stress resistance.

[0070] II. Seedling Emergence Monitoring

[0071] Experiments were conducted at the Penaeus monodon larvae breeding base in Wengtian Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province. The larvae were cultured for 22 days according to the methods described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. The survival rate, body length, and weight of the Penaeus monodon larvae cultured in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were measured. These measurements were taken three times, and the average values ​​were recorded in Table 2. The larvae survival rate was calculated using the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Table 2

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 2, the shrimp larvae cultured using the methods described in Examples 1-3 exhibited excellent performance in terms of survival rate, body length, and weight. This demonstrates that the culture method of the present invention can effectively improve the stress resistance of tiger prawns, thereby increasing the survival rate of shrimp larvae. Because the stress resistance of the shrimp larvae is enhanced, their growth performance is also improved, resulting in harvested shrimp larvae that are longer and heavier.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the stress tolerance of Penaeus monodon in aquaculture, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: ① Sterilization and water injection of the culture pond: the culture pond is exposed to the sun, and quicklime is sprayed to sterilize the whole pond. The sterilization is performed for 24-36 hours, and then the quicklime is removed and the pond is flushed with clean water. The pond is filled with seawater to a depth of 80-100 cm; ② Water quality adjustment and cultivation: the pH of the water in the culture pond is adjusted to 7.5-8.5, the salinity is adjusted to 1.5-3.0%, and the dissolved oxygen content is adjusted to 5.0-6.0 mg / L. Organic fermented fertilizer and microbial agent I are applied to cultivate the water quality; ③ Anti-stress auxiliary granules are added to the culture pond, wherein the anti-stress auxiliary granules comprise alum stone, perlite, fluorite and prepared carbon in a mass ratio of (2.0-4.0):(1.0-3.0):(1.0-3.0):(0.5-1.5). The anti-stress auxiliary granules are added to cover 40-50% of the bottom surface of the culture pond; ④ Feed cultivation: diatoms and spirulina are inoculated into the water in the culture pond, and cultivation is performed under natural light; ⑤ Larvae are added to the culture pond in the morning on a sunny day. A shading net is arranged above the culture pond, and the larvae are cultivated under a light intensity of 600-800 Lx, with the water temperature being adjusted to 28-30℃; ⑥ Feeding management: during the protozoea stage, the larvae are fed with diatoms and spirulina to maintain an algal density of 30-50 thousand / mL in the culture pond. At the same time, rotifers are fed, with a feeding amount of 5-10 g / ten thousand tails per time, and 4-6 times per day. During the mysis stage, the larvae are fed with diatoms and spirulina to maintain an algal density of 30-50 thousand / mL in the culture pond. At the same time, brine shrimp nauplii and compound feed are fed, with a feeding amount of 3-5 g / ten thousand tails per time for the brine shrimp nauplii, 3-4 times per day, and a feeding amount of 5-10 g / ten thousand tails per time for the compound feed, 2-3 times per day. During the post-larva stage, the larvae are fed with brine shrimp nauplii and compound feed, with a feeding amount of 8-10 g / ten thousand tails per time for the brine shrimp nauplii, 3-4 times per day, and a feeding amount of 20-30 g / ten thousand tails per time for the compound feed, 2-3 times per day. The compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of a protein component, 20-40 parts of a carbohydrate component, 10-20 parts of a fat component, 5-15 parts of a vitamin component, 5-10 parts of a mineral component, and 5-10 parts of an anti-stress component. The anti-stress component comprises uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine and laminarin; ⑦ Late-stage management: water is changed once every 8-10 days, with a single water change amount of 10-20% of the total amount of pond water. Quicklime is used to spray the whole pond once every 10-15 days, with a single quicklime usage amount of 15-25 kg / acre. Water quality is adjusted with microbial agent II every 7-10 days; The mass ratio of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, taurine and laminarin in the anti-stress component in step ⑥ is (1.0-2.0):(0.8-1.6):(0.5-1.0).

2. The method for improving the stress resistance of Marsupenaeus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein, The quantity of quicklime sprayed in step 1 is 40-60 kg per mu; the seawater in step 1 is treated as follows before being injected into the culture pond: firstly, it is filtered through coarse sand, then through fine sand, then through activated carbon, and finally through a 100-150 mesh screen; the filtered seawater is pumped into a storage pond, and is allowed to settle for 24-48 hours; the seawater is disinfected with potassium permanganate, which is used in an amount of 4-7 mg / L, and the disinfection is carried out for 3-5 hours; and the disinfected seawater is pumped into the culture pond.

3. The method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fermentation fertilizer in the step ② is prepared from animal manure, rice chaff, urea and yeast fermentation with a mass ratio of (200-300):(30-40):(1-2):(0.3-0.5), and the application amount of the organic fermentation fertilizer is 100-200 kg / mu; the microbial agent I is composed of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus with a mass ratio of (1.0-2.0):(1.0-2.0):(0.8-1.5):(1.0-1.5), and the viable quantity of the microbial agent I is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, and the application amount of the microbial agent I is 1-2 kg / mu.

4. The method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-stress auxiliary particles in step 3 are prepared as follows: alum stone, perlite, fluorite and heizong charcoal are weighed out in a mass ratio, and are then put into a pulverizer to be pulverized to 80-120 mesh; then they are put into a stirrer and stirred at 200-300 r / min for 10-20 minutes; and then they are put into a granulator to be made into spherical particles with a radius of 0.4-0.6 cm.

5. The method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The density of diatoms and spirulina in the culture pond in step 4 is 50-80 thousand per mL.

6. The method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The density of the fish in step 5 is 100-150 thousand per mu.

7. The method for improving the stress resistance of Penaeus monodon as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protein component in step 6 is one of fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal; the vitamin component is composed of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of (1-2):(2-3):(4-5); the fat component is one of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, tea seed oil and rapeseed oil; the carbohydrate component is one of corn flour, wheat flour and rice flour; and the mineral component is composed of calcium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and methionine zinc in a mass ratio of (4.0-6.0):(1.0-3.0):(0.5-1.5).

8. A method for improving the stress resistance of tiger prawns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial preparation II in the step ⑦ is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus and bacillus with a mass ratio of (1.0-2.0):(1.2-1.6):(1.0-1.5), the microbial preparation II has a bacterial activity of ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, and the application amount of the microbial preparation II is 1.5-3.0 kg per mu.

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