Deep hole subsequent filling mining method and applied support device for reconstruction of broken ore body environment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a deep hole subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment and a supporting device for application thereof. Through prospecting drilling and rock drilling chamber, long grouting anchor cables are constructed to support the surrounding rock above the first-step mining site as a whole. A flat bottom structure is used for mining at the bottom. The flat bottom structure is formed during the mining process. Through ultra-deep downward deep holes and shallow holes of prospecting drilling at the bottom, blasting is performed in the same row and at the same time, so that bottom pulling and blasting mining are achieved simultaneously. At the same time, in order to ensure the success of the front row deep hole blasting, the cutting groove space is 2 to 3 times the cutting groove space of normal deep hole blasting. While ensuring the safety of mining, the amount of mining and cutting engineering and the mining cost are reduced, and the overall mining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a deep hole subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment and an applied supporting device. Background technology:

[0002] my country's ore resource endowment is poor, and most of the ore bodies are complex and broken. The conventional mining methods used are shallow hole mining methods such as upward layered cementation filling mining method and downward layered / approach cementation filling mining method. In the process of mining steeply inclined, broken and thick ore bodies, there are problems such as high safety risks, high production costs, and low mining efficiency. A large number of working faces need to be accumulated, which leads to an increase in the overall mining risk.

[0003] Patent No. CN117345239A provides a two-step stope pre-reinforced wall protection large diameter deep hole stage empty field subsequent filling mining method, which is through the reserved wall protection, and the use of long anchor cable support structure wall protection and two-step stope, to ensure that the overall depletion rate is guaranteed when the filling strength of the first step is insufficient, but a 2-3m wall protection will be reserved between the stopes, which to a certain extent reduces the overall mining recovery rate. Patent No. CN106121643A discloses a reserved ore wall two-step nested combined filling mining method, which is designed to prevent the loss and depletion of ore due to the relatively broken ore rock, and the reserved ore wall is used to further prevent the broken surrounding rock from mixing into the stope due to the influence of blasting vibration, causing waste rock to cause depletion. Patent No. CN115182728A discloses a downward segmented empty site and subsequent filling mining method, which also divides the ore blocks into mine rooms and pillars, and adopts medium-deep hole or deep hole rock drilling and blasting from top to bottom for mining. At the same time, the mining sites are mined in the form of staggered arrangement of corresponding mining sites in the upper and lower middle sections to avoid the impact of blasting vibration on the filling body. Summary of the invention:

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a deep hole subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment to overcome the problems of the prior art.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The deep hole and subsequent filling mining method for the reconstruction of the broken ore body environment includes:

[0007] The stope is arranged vertically along the ore body and divided into two-step stopes, where the width of the first-step stope is 5 to 8 m, and the width of the second-step stope is 8 to 12 m. The width of the first-step stope is determined according to the degree of ore body fragmentation;

[0008] The middle section transport tunnel is constructed to form a through-vein transport tunnel, which also serves as an exploration and liaison transport tunnel. The spacing between the tunnels matches the width of the two-step stope. A rock drilling chamber perpendicular to the ore body is constructed in the upper middle section. Mine pillars are set according to the degree of ore body fragmentation to ensure the stability of the rock drilling chamber.

[0009] The construction of the vein tunnel exceeds the ore-rock boundary by 4 to 6 meters to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock in the upper wall. The length of the excess is determined according to the inclination of the ore body and the degree of fragmentation of the surrounding rock in the upper wall.

[0010] In the top rock drilling chamber, a down-the-hole drill is used to drill holes for anchor cables downwards. The drilling grid is 1.0 to 2.0 m, and the drilling diameter matches the anchor cables.

[0011] The anchor cable construction adopts the pouring process, that is, after the anchor cable is placed in the hole, the stirred cement slurry is poured in until it is full, and the first step of mining operation is carried out after the cement slurry solidifies;

[0012] The mining operation adopts a flat bottom structure, and adopts the method of detonating the bottom first and then blasting the upper deep hole. The upper deep hole blasthole is constructed downward by a down-the-hole drill, and the fan-shaped medium-deep hole is constructed in the middle section of the vein connecting tunnel. For the location where the medium-deep hole drill cannot be constructed, the shallow hole drill is used to make up the hole;

[0013] After the first step of mining is completed, the second step of upper plate is anchored and supported. No anchor support structure is used inside the ore body. The second step is carried out under the high-strength filling bodies on both sides and the upper support plate.

[0014] Preferably, the width of the first-step stope and the second-step stope in step a is determined by the actual conditions of the ore body, and is specifically adjusted according to factors such as the thickness, stability and inclination of the ore body.

[0015] Preferably, the construction length of the vein-crossing tunnel in step c and the distance beyond the ore-rock boundary are adjusted according to the actual conditions of the ore body to ensure the stability of the upper wall surrounding rock and construction safety.

[0016] Preferably, the mesh size and diameter of the anchor cable drilling holes in step d and the material and length parameters of the anchor cables are selected and adjusted according to the actual conditions of the ore body and the construction requirements.

[0017] Preferably, the order, method and parameters of the mining blasting in step f are selected and adjusted according to the actual conditions of the ore body and construction requirements to ensure mining efficiency and safety.

[0018] A support device for a deep hole subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment, comprising a plurality of boreholes drilled in the lower part of a rock drilling chamber, wherein each borehole is provided with an anchor cable support structure matched therewith, the anchor cable support structure being used for supporting the upper surrounding rock, the anchor cable support structure comprising an anchor cable assembly, a positioning assembly and a guide assembly, the bottom end of the anchor cable assembly being movably connected to a guide assembly, and the top end being movably connected to a positioning assembly, the anchor cable assembly comprising a plurality of anchor cable parts, and the number of the anchor cable parts being determined according to the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock, and the anchor cable parts having flexibility and deformation capability, a grouting pipe being fixed on the positioning assembly, and the grouting pipe pours the stirred cement slurry into the borehole.

[0019] Preferably, the positioning assembly includes a tray, a locking piece and a connecting piece, the tray is arranged at the outer top of the borehole and is arranged close to the surrounding rock surface at the top of the borehole, the tray is detachably connected to the locking piece through the connecting piece, the locking piece is lockingly sleeved on the anchor piece, the locking piece includes a conical barrel, and an annular locking plate is fitly inserted in the conical barrel, and the annular locking plate is threadedly sleeved on the anchor piece, and the wall thickness of the annular locking plate is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the connecting piece includes an annular magnet plate, and the annular magnet plate is fixed on the bottom surface of the conical barrel, and the annular magnet plate is fitly embedded in the annular groove and fixedly connected to the annular iron plate in the annular groove, and the annular groove is fixed on the tray.

[0020] Preferably, the guide assembly includes a positioning plate, an anchor member is positioned and plugged on the positioning plate, and the anchor member passes through the positioning plate and extends into the positioning sleeve, a positioning threaded sleeve is threadedly sleeved on the positioning plate, a sliding positioning ring fits in the bottom of the positioning threaded sleeve, and a sliding guide drill fits in the positioning ring, the top of the guide drill extends into the positioning threaded sleeve and fits with the anchor member, the anchor member includes multiple anchor cables spliced ​​from top to bottom in sequence, and a locking connection assembly is provided at the joints of adjacent anchor cables, the anchor cables are arranged in a spiral shape, each anchor cable passes through the tray and is inserted into the annular locking plate, and each anchor cable passes through the positioning plate and extends into the positioning threaded sleeve.

[0021] Preferably, the locking connection assembly includes a connecting disk, and a plurality of positioning holes on the connecting disk, and anchor cables are respectively inserted into the upper and lower parts of the positioning holes, a rubber ring is attached to the inner side of the positioning hole, an elastic locking ring is fitted on the outer side of the connecting disk, and the connecting disk is arranged in the middle area of ​​the elastic locking ring, and the top and bottom of the elastic locking ring are arranged in a trumpet shape, a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions are annularly fixed on the outer surface of the connecting disk, a plurality of positioning assemblies are fixed on the elastic locking ring in sequence from top to bottom, and the upper positioning assemblies are respectively inserted into the side walls of the drill hole, the positioning assembly includes a plurality of stab nail groups, and the plurality of stab nail groups are annularly and evenly fixed on the elastic locking ring, the stab nail group includes a plurality of stab nails arranged longitudinally, and the stab nails are fixed on the elastic locking ring.

[0022] Preferably, a plurality of ribs are evenly fixed in an annular shape on the outer sides of the upper and lower ends of the anchor cable, and the ribs are inserted into the limiting grooves, and the ribs and the limiting grooves are interference fit, and limiting grooves corresponding to the ribs are fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the tray, the top surface of the positioning plate, and the top and bottom surfaces of the connecting plate.

[0023] Advantages of the present invention

[0024] 1. Through prospecting drilling and rock drilling, long anchor cables are constructed to support the surrounding rock above the first-step stope as a whole. The flat bottom structure is used for mining at the bottom. The flat bottom structure is formed during the mining process. Through the ultra-deep deep holes and shallow holes of prospecting drilling at the bottom, the same row and the same time blasting are carried out to achieve the simultaneous bottom pulling and blasting mining. At the same time, in order to ensure the success of the front row deep hole blasting, the cutting slot space is 2 to 3 times the normal deep hole blasting cutting slot space. While ensuring the safety of mining, the amount of mining and cutting engineering and mining costs are reduced, and the overall mining efficiency is improved;

[0025] 2. By using the grouting long anchor cable in the first step of the ore body and the upper plate of the ore body to pre-support the long anchor cable, after the mining, a high-strength cementing filling body is used for filling, so as to build a safe mining space for the second step, so as to achieve the purpose of the two-step deep hole subsequent cementing filling mining, fundamentally, to achieve the efficient and safe mining of the broken ore body, the application of the invention can improve the mining safety and production capacity of the broken ore body, reduce the mining and cutting links, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and improve the mining efficiency;

[0026] 3. Through the combination of multiple anchors and the careful design of the number, shape and material of anchors, the anchor support structure can be adjusted according to the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock, providing more stable and effective support. This design not only enhances the flexibility and deformation capacity of the anchor, but also makes the support more in line with the actual engineering needs and improves the support effect;

[0027] 4. The anchor cable support structure adopts a combination design of tray, locking parts and connecting parts, making the overall structure of the device stable and reliable. At the same time, the detachable connection method facilitates installation and disassembly during the construction process. In addition, the design of the guide component enables the anchor cable to be accurately inserted into the drill hole, further improving the construction efficiency;

[0028] 5. The combined design of the conical barrel and the annular locking plate enables the anchor to be tightly locked in the conical barrel, preventing the anchor from loosening and falling off. At the same time, the design of the annular locking plate with decreasing wall thickness from top to bottom makes the locking effect more uniform, improving the stability and reliability of the device;

[0029] 6. The positioning plate, positioning thread sleeve and positioning ring in the guide assembly together realize the precise positioning and guidance of the anchor. This design enables the anchor to be accurately inserted into the predetermined position, improving the construction accuracy and efficiency;

[0030] 7. The anchor cable support structure adopts a modular design, so that different components can be combined and replaced as needed. This design not only improves the adaptability of the device, but also allows components to be reused, reducing engineering costs. Description of the drawings:

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 Middle Ⅰ-Ⅰ lateral view;

[0034] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 Middle II-II side view;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 The supporting device of the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the local explosion structure;

[0037] Figure 6 The supporting device of the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the usage structure;

[0038] Figure 7 The supporting device of the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at center A;

[0039] Figure 8 The supporting device of the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at point B in the middle.

[0040] In the figure: ore body 1, transportation tunnel 2, rock drilling chamber 3, ore-rock boundary 4, blasthole 5, upper wall surrounding rock 6, anchor cable support structure 7, transportation connection tunnel 8, cemented filling body 9, cutting groove 10, ore pillar 11, tray 12, conical barrel 13, annular magnet plate 14, positioning plate 15, positioning threaded sleeve 16, positioning ring 17, guide drill 18, anchor cable 19, connecting plate 20, elastic locking ring 21, piercing nail group 22, rib plate 23. Specific implementation method:

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a deep hole and subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment, including.

[0043] Stope layout and division

[0044] Stope layout: First, according to the characteristics of ore body 1, we arranged the stope perpendicular to the strike of ore body 1 and divided it into two steps. The width of the first step stope is between 5 and 8 meters, while the width of the second step stope is between 8 and 12 meters. The width of the first step stope is determined according to the degree of fragmentation of ore body 1 to ensure the stability of the stope.

[0045] Stope zoning: According to the thickness of ore body 1 and the ore grade, the stope is divided into different areas for orderly mining. At the same time, the inclination and tendency of ore body 1 are taken into consideration to ensure the stability of the stope.

[0046] Construction of middle transport tunnel 2 and drilling chamber 3.

[0047] Construction of middle section transport tunnel 2: A tunnel is constructed at the middle section of the vein, which serves as both prospecting and liaison transportation. Its spacing matches the width of the two-step stope to meet the ore transportation needs.

[0048] A drilling chamber 3 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 1: on both sides of the middle section of the vein transport tunnel 2, according to the different degrees of fragmentation of the ore body 1, ore pillars 11 are set, and the ore pillars 11 are strips or spacers to ensure the stability of the drilling chamber 3.

[0049] In the mining process, the construction of the rock drilling chamber 3 is of vital importance. It is not only the place where miners perform drilling operations, but also the starting point of ore mining. In order to ensure the safety and stability of the rock drilling chamber 3, it must be scientifically and reasonably designed and constructed. The following will take the rock drilling chamber 3 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 1 as an example to introduce its design concept and construction method in detail.

[0050] First, we need to understand the characteristics of the rock drilling chamber 3 perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 1. The main advantage of this chamber is that its axis is perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 1, which is conducive to vertical mining of ore. At the same time, this chamber can effectively reduce the degree of crushing of the ore body 1 and improve the ore recovery rate. Therefore, in practical applications, the rock drilling chamber 3 perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 1 has been widely used.

[0051] On both sides of the middle section through-vein transport tunnel 2, according to the different degrees of fragmentation of the ore body 1, we need to set up pillars 11 to ensure the stability of the rock drilling chamber 3. The design of the pillars 11 should fully consider the physical properties and geological conditions of the ore body 1 to ensure that they can fully play a supporting role during the mining process.

[0052] When setting the pillar 11, the following points should be noted:

[0053] 1. Reasonable distribution of column spacing: The determination of column spacing should comprehensively consider factors such as ore body thickness, ore grade, mining equipment, etc., in order to achieve efficient, safe and economical mining goals.

[0054] 2. Selection of column diameter: The column diameter should be determined according to the degree of crushing of the ore body 1 and the requirements of the mining equipment. Too large or too small a column diameter will affect the safety and mining efficiency of the rock drilling chamber 3.

[0055] 3. Stability of the column: The column should be made of strong and durable materials to ensure that it can withstand the pressure of the ore body 1 and the influence of the external environment during the long-term mining process.

[0056] 4. Connection method of the column: The connection between the column and the roof and bottom plates of the chamber should be firm and reliable to prevent the column from shifting or being damaged during the mining process.

[0057] 5. Anti-corrosion treatment of the column: In order to extend the service life of the column, the column should be treated with anti-corrosion to prevent the column from being eroded by mineral fluid or invaded by microorganisms.

[0058] Vein tunnels beyond the ore-rock boundary 4: During the construction of the rock drilling chamber 3, in order to ensure the stability of the upper wall surrounding rock 6 during the ore extraction process, the vein tunnel needs to be constructed 44 to 6 meters beyond the ore-rock boundary to facilitate the upper wall support work. The specific length of the excess depends on the inclination of the ore body 1 and the degree of crushing of the upper wall surrounding rock 6.

[0059] Rock drilling and anchoring construction

[0060] Top rock drilling chamber 3: At the top of the vein tunnel, a down-the-hole drill is used for downward construction, and the drilling grid of the anchor cable drilling holes is 1.0 to 2.0 m.

[0061] In today's mining technology, the top rock drilling chamber 3 has been used more and more widely. The main function of this rock drilling chamber 3 is to carry out downward construction at the top of the vein tunnel to achieve effective mining of the mine. In this process, the down-the-hole drill plays a vital role, which not only improves the construction efficiency, but also greatly reduces the operation risk.

[0062] In order to ensure the smooth construction of rock drilling chamber 3, we have made a detailed plan for it. First, at the top of the vein tunnel, we use a down-the-hole drill to carry out downward construction. This method can effectively avoid the breakage and loosening of the tunnel top, thereby ensuring the safety of construction. Secondly, the drilling grid of the anchor cable drilling is set to 1.0~2.0m, which can meet the needs of mining and will not affect the stability of the tunnel.

[0063] During the construction of the rock drilling chamber 3, we need to pay close attention to the changes in various construction parameters to ensure the quality and efficiency of the construction. These parameters include the depth, speed, angle, etc. of the drilling. Through real-time monitoring of these parameters, we can promptly discover and solve problems that may arise during construction.

[0064] Drilling diameter and anchor cable: The drilling diameter is 76-100mm. The anchor cable is made of round steel or threaded steel with a diameter of 6-10mm. The length of a single cable is 5m and is connected by welding.

[0065] In anchoring projects, the drilling diameter is an important technical parameter. A reasonable drilling diameter can not only ensure the anchoring effect, but also improve the construction efficiency. Generally speaking, the drilling diameter is more suitable between 76 and 100 mm. The drilling diameter within this range can meet the needs of most anchoring projects, and at the same time, it can reduce material waste and environmental damage while ensuring the anchoring effect.

[0066] Pouring technology: The anchor cable construction adopts the pouring technology, that is, after the anchor cable is placed in the hole, the stirred cement slurry is poured into the hole until it is full. After solidification, the first step of mining operation can be carried out.

[0067] In the process of anchor cable construction, the pouring process plays a vital role. It involves the stability and safety of the anchor cable as well as the progress and quality of the entire project. Below we will analyze each link of the pouring process in detail.

[0068] Before anchor cable construction, the anchor cable must be pre-processed, including inspection, cleaning and maintenance. After ensuring that the quality of the anchor cable meets the standards, it is placed in the pre-drilled artificial hole. During this process, attention should be paid to the placement of the anchor cable to ensure that its contact area with the hole wall is maximized, thereby improving the anchoring effect.

[0069] The next step is to prepare cement slurry. The quality of cement slurry directly affects the stability of the anchor cable, so high-quality cement should be selected and mixed with water in a certain proportion. During the preparation process, the actual situation of the construction site should be fully considered to ensure that the viscosity of the cement slurry is moderate for easy pouring.

[0070] Pour the stirred cement slurry into the special pouring equipment and pour the cement slurry into the hole through the pressure pump. During the pouring process, the pressure of the cement slurry must be kept stable to avoid damage to the anchor cable due to pressure fluctuations. At the same time, the pouring speed must be monitored to ensure that the cement slurry can fully fill the space in the hole, thereby improving the anchoring effect.

[0071] After the pouring is completed, it is necessary to wait for the cement slurry to solidify. During the solidification process, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the construction site to ensure the stability of the anchor position. After the cement slurry solidifies, the acceptance link is carried out. Only after the acceptance is qualified can the next step of mining operations be carried out.

[0072] Mining operations

[0073] Flat bottom structure: During the mining process, a flat bottom structure is used to ensure the efficiency of ore recovery.

[0074] Adopt flat-bottom structure mining technology to improve ore recovery rate: Flat-bottom structure mining technology optimizes the layout of the mine room to make full use of the mine room space during ore recovery, thereby reducing the ore loss rate and improving the ore recovery rate; Reduce ore depletion rate: Flat-bottom structure mining technology is beneficial to reduce ore breakage during the mining process, reduce ore depletion rate, and improve ore quality; Improve mine production efficiency: Flat-bottom structure mining technology adopts horizontal or near-horizontal layout, which makes the mine room structure simpler and mining operations more convenient, thereby improving mine production efficiency; Reduce mining costs: Flat-bottom structure mining technology reduces ore loss and mining costs by optimizing the layout of the mine room, thereby improving the economic benefits of mining enterprises.

[0075] Bottom detonation first: In order to avoid premature pulling and causing collapse of the bottom structure, the bottom detonation is carried out first, and the upper drilling and blasting are carried out for recovery blasting.

[0076] Upper deep hole blasting and supplementary holes: The upper deep hole blasting is constructed downwards by a down-the-hole drilling rig, and the bottom is constructed in the middle section through the vein connecting tunnel, using fan-shaped medium-deep holes. For locations where medium-deep hole drilling rigs cannot be constructed, shallow hole drilling rigs are used for supplementary holes.

[0077] Two-step mining and anchor cable support structure 7

[0078] Second step mining: After the first step mining is completed, the second step upper plate is provided with an anchor cable support structure 7. At this time, the inside of the ore body 1 does not need to be provided with an anchor cable support structure 7.

[0079] In the mining process, the anchor cable support structure 7 technology plays a vital role. In order to ensure the safety and smooth progress of the mine operation, a two-step mining process is adopted. This process is divided into two stages, namely the first step mining and the second step mining. After the first step mining is completed, the second step mining will be carried out next. The following is a detailed introduction to the two-step mining process.

[0080] During the first step of mining, the staff will anchor the ore body 1 with a cable support structure 7. This is to form a stable support system inside the ore body 1 to prevent the ore body 1 from collapsing and ensure the safety of the workers. After the first step of mining is completed, the cable support structure 7 has been completed inside the ore body 1, and the next step can be performed.

[0081] During the second step of mining, the staff will install the anchor cable support structure 7 on the upper wall of the second step. Unlike the first step of mining, the anchor cable support structure 7 is not required inside the ore body 1 at this time. This is because in the previous step, the anchor cable support structure 7 has been completed inside the ore body 1 to ensure the safety of mine operations. During the second step of mining, the focus of support is shifted to the upper wall of the second step to ensure the stability of the upper wall and prevent accidents.

[0082] High-strength backfill and support on both sides: The second step is carried out with high-strength backfill on both sides and support on the upper plate to ensure the safety of the entire mining process.

[0083] In summary, this mining method has high safety. Long anchor cables are pre-constructed inside the broken ore body to reinforce the broken ore body and the surrounding rock of the upper plate, thereby ensuring the safety of the first-step ore body during mining. At the same time, high-strength filling in the first step ensures the safety of the second-step mining. The method has high production capacity. By pre-supporting the ore body, the surrounding rock of the upper plate and the surrounding rock of the second step, the ore blocks can be mined by large-diameter deep holes, thus achieving high production capacity. The method has low production cost. By improving production capacity and adjusting structural parameters, deep-hole blasting mining of the broken ore body can be achieved, thereby greatly improving production capacity and reducing the overall mining cost.

[0084] At the same time, for extremely thin and difficult-to-mine mineral bodies, the advantages of wall cutting and filling, shallow hole ore retention and framework pillar mining methods are integrated to improve mining intensity, control the overall depletion loss rate, increase the support strength of the upper and lower plates during the mining process, and ensure safety during the mining process.

[0085] like Figure 4 - Figure 8 As shown, a support device for deep hole subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment comprises a plurality of boreholes drilled in the lower part of a rock drilling chamber 3, wherein each borehole is provided with an anchor support structure matched therewith, the anchor support structure can be used for supporting the upper plate surrounding rock, the anchor support structure comprises an anchor assembly, a positioning assembly and a guide assembly, the bottom end of the anchor assembly is movably connected with a guide assembly, and the top end is movably connected with a positioning assembly, the anchor assembly comprises a plurality of anchor members, and the number of anchor members can be determined according to the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock, and the anchor members have flexibility and deformation ability, a grouting pipe is fixed on the positioning assembly, and the grouting pipe can pour the stirred cement slurry into the borehole.

[0086] Specifically, through the comprehensive use of anchor support structure, effective support for the upper surrounding rock in the rock drilling chamber 3 is achieved. The design of the anchor assembly can not only flexibly adjust the number of anchor parts according to the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock, but also its flexibility and deformation ability enable the support structure to better adapt to the movement and deformation of the surrounding rock, thereby improving the support effect.

[0087] In addition, the coordinated use of the positioning assembly and the guide assembly enables the anchor cable assembly to be accurately positioned and installed at the predetermined position, ensuring the stability and reliability of the support structure. At the same time, pouring cement slurry into the borehole through the grouting pipe can further improve the bonding strength between the anchor cable and the surrounding rock, enhance the overall stability of the support structure, effectively improve the safety of the rock drilling chamber, reduce the possibility of deformation and damage of the surrounding rock, and ensure the safety and stability of mining production.

[0088] The positioning assembly includes a tray 12, a locking piece and a connecting piece. The tray 12 is arranged at the top outside the borehole and is arranged close to the surface of the surrounding rock at the top of the borehole. The tray 12 is detachably connected to the locking piece through the connecting piece, and the locking piece can be locked and sleeved on the anchoring piece. The locking piece includes a conical barrel 13, and an annular locking plate is inserted and fitted in the conical barrel 13, and the annular locking plate is threadedly sleeved on the anchoring piece, and the wall thickness of the annular locking plate is set to decrease from top to bottom. The connecting piece includes an annular magnet plate 14, and the annular magnet plate 14 is fixed on the bottom surface of the conical barrel, and the annular magnet plate 14 can be fitted and embedded in the annular groove, and fixedly connected to the annular iron plate in the annular groove, and the annular groove is fixed on the tray.

[0089] Specifically, the tray 12 is arranged close to the surrounding rock surface at the top of the borehole, ensuring the stability between the positioning assembly and the borehole, and effectively preventing the displacement of the positioning assembly due to vibration or external force. The tray 12 is detachably connected to the locking member through a connecting member. This design is not only convenient for installation and disassembly, but also allows replacement of components when necessary, thereby improving the flexibility and maintainability of the positioning assembly.

[0090] The locking member adopts a conical barrel 13 structure, and an annular locking plate is inserted and fitted inside. This structure can be tightly sleeved on the anchor member to provide effective locking force. The annular locking plate is threadedly sleeved on the anchor member. This design can ensure that the connection between the locking member and the anchor member is firm and reliable to prevent loosening or falling off. The wall thickness of the annular locking plate is gradually reduced from top to bottom. This design can not only increase the flexibility of the locking plate, but also ensure its stability during the locking process, thereby improving the locking effect.

[0091] The connecting piece adopts an annular magnet plate 14, which is fixed on the bottom surface of the conical barrel. This design simplifies the connection process. It is only necessary to fit the annular magnet plate with the annular iron plate in the annular groove on the tray to achieve fixation. It is convenient and quick. The use of the annular magnet plate and the annular iron plate together ensures the firmness of the connection and is easy to quickly disassemble when needed, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0092] The various parts of the positioning assembly are reasonably designed and tightly and stably connected to each other, ensuring the stability and reliability of the entire positioning assembly during operation. Through the coordinated use of the tray, locking parts and connecting parts, the anchor parts can be quickly positioned and firmly locked, thereby improving the construction quality and efficiency of the drilling project.

[0093] The guide assembly includes a positioning plate 15, on which an anchor cable can be positioned and inserted, and the anchor cable can pass through the positioning plate 15 and extend into a positioning threaded sleeve 16. The positioning plate 15 is threadedly sleeved with a positioning threaded sleeve 16, and a sliding positioning ring 17 fits the bottom of the positioning threaded sleeve 16, and a sliding guide drill 18 fits inside the positioning ring 17, and the top end of the guide drill 18 extends into the positioning threaded sleeve 16 and is fitted with the anchor cable.

[0094] Specifically, the design of the positioning plate 15 allows the anchor member to be accurately inserted and positioned, which helps to ensure the stability and reliability of the anchor member in the entire system. The anchor member can pass through the positioning plate 15 and extend into the positioning threaded sleeve 16. This design allows accurate assembly and positioning, improving the stability and accuracy of the overall structure;

[0095] The introduction of the positioning thread sleeve 16 allows some parts of the guide assembly (such as the guide drill 18) to be fine-tuned. By rotating the positioning thread sleeve 16, the relative position between it and the positioning plate 15 can be adjusted, thereby achieving accurate adjustment of the guide drill 18 or the anchor member.

[0096] The fitting sliding design between the positioning ring 17 and the guide drill 18 ensures that the guide drill 18 can maintain a stable and smooth sliding action when guiding or positioning. This sliding mechanism reduces the wear caused by friction and increases the service life of the components.

[0097] The design of the guide drill 18 enables its top end to extend into the positioning threaded sleeve 16 and fit in with the anchor member, which helps to achieve an accurate and efficient guiding function.

[0098] The anchor cable assembly includes multiple anchor cables 19 spliced ​​in sequence from top to bottom, and a locking connection assembly is provided at the joints of adjacent anchor cables. The anchor cables are arranged in a spiral shape, and each anchor cable 19 can pass through the tray 12 and be inserted into the annular locking plate, and each anchor cable 19 can pass through the positioning plate 15 and extend into the positioning threaded sleeve 16.

[0099] Specifically, the design of splicing multiple anchor cables 19 from top to bottom allows the length of the anchor cable to be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and is suitable for engineering requirements of different depths and scales;

[0100] The joints of adjacent anchor cables 19 are covered with locking connection components to ensure the firmness and stability of the anchor cables at the joints. The locking connection components can effectively prevent the anchor cables from loosening or falling off during the stress process, thereby ensuring the overall strength and safety of the anchor cables.

[0101] The anchor cable 19 is arranged in a spiral shape. This design not only increases the contact area between the anchor cable 19 and the surrounding soil, improves the bearing capacity and pull-out resistance of the anchor cable 19, but also helps to evenly disperse the force exerted on the anchor cable 19 to the surrounding soil, thereby reducing the concentration of local stress.

[0102] Each anchor cable 19 can be inserted into the annular locking plate through the tray 12. This design allows the anchor cable to be easily fixed to a predetermined position during installation and ensures a tight connection between the anchor cable and the surrounding structure.

[0103] Each anchor cable 19 can pass through the positioning plate 15 and extend into the positioning thread sleeve 16. This design realizes the precise positioning and fixation of the anchor cable 19. The coordinated use of the positioning plate 15 and the positioning thread sleeve 16 ensures the position accuracy and stability of the anchor cable 19 during the installation process, which helps to improve the installation quality and engineering effect of the entire anchor cable component.

[0104] The locking connection assembly includes a connection plate 20, and a plurality of positioning holes on the connection plate, and anchor cables 19 can be inserted into the upper and lower parts of the positioning holes respectively, a rubber ring is attached to the inner side of the positioning hole, an elastic locking ring 21 is fitted on the outer side of the connection plate 20, and the connection plate 20 is arranged in the middle area of ​​the elastic locking ring 21, and the top and bottom of the elastic locking ring 21 are arranged in a trumpet shape, and a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions are fixed in an annular manner on the outer side of the connection plate 20. A plurality of positioning assemblies are fixedly arranged on the elastic locking ring 21 from top to bottom in sequence, and the upper positioning assemblies can be inserted into the side walls of the drill hole respectively. The positioning assembly includes a plurality of stab nail groups 22, and the plurality of stab nail groups 22 are evenly fixed in an annular manner on the elastic locking ring 21, and the stab nail group 22 includes a plurality of stab nails arranged longitudinally, and the stab nails are fixed on the elastic locking ring 21.

[0105] Specifically,

[0106] The anchor cable 19 can be easily inserted through the positioning hole on the connection plate 20, and the rubber ring inside the positioning hole can enhance the friction between the anchor cable 19 and the positioning hole to prevent the anchor cable 19 from loosening or slipping. This greatly enhances the fixing effect of the anchor cable 19 and improves the stability and safety of the structure;

[0107] The elastic locking ring 21 which fits on the outer side of the connecting plate 20 can be elastically deformed according to the installation environment and requirements to achieve adaptive adjustment;

[0108] The trumpet-shaped design of the elastic locking ring 21 can conveniently fix the connecting plate 20 and the anchor cable 19 in the hole, provide a stronger locking force, and effectively prevent loosening. At the same time, the arrangement of multiple arc-shaped protrusions increases a certain gap between the connecting plate 20 and the elastic locking ring 21. Combined with the trumpet-shaped design of the elastic locking ring 21, during the grouting process, cement slurry is easy to flow between the connecting plate 20 and the elastic locking ring 21, causing the elastic locking ring 21 to deform.

[0109] In combination with the piercing nail group 22 in the positioning assembly, the piercing nail group 22 can be inserted into the side wall of the drill hole, further enhancing the fixing effect of the locking connection assembly;

[0110] Due to the flexibility and adjustability of the elastic locking ring and the piercing nail group, the locking connection assembly can adapt to holes of different shapes and sizes, so that it can play a good fixing role in various environments and application scenarios;

[0111] A plurality of ribs 23 are evenly fixed in a circular shape on the outer sides of the upper and lower ends of the anchor cable 19, and the ribs 23 can be inserted into the limiting grooves, and the ribs 23 and the limiting grooves are interference fit. Limiting grooves corresponding to the ribs 23 are fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the tray 12, the top surface of the positioning plate 15, and the top and bottom surfaces of the connecting plate 20.

[0112] Specifically, multiple ribs 23 are evenly fixed in an annular shape on the outer sides of the upper and lower ends of the anchor cable 19, and the ribs 23 are designed to be inserted into the limiting grooves, and an interference fit is adopted. The interference fit characteristics enable the ribs to be smoothly inserted into the limiting grooves and form a good fixing effect, which greatly enhances the connection stability and reliability between the anchor cable and the tray, the positioning plate and the connecting plate;

[0113] The design of the limiting groove not only forms a good fit with the rib plate 23, but also further enhances the tightness of the connection between the anchor cable and the pallet, positioning plate and connecting plate by limiting the movement range of the rib plate. This tightness is crucial to preventing the structure from deformation or damage during stress, and helps to improve the bearing capacity of the entire structure.

[0114] During use, multiple holes are drilled in the lower part of the rock drilling chamber 3. The depth and diameter of the holes should be determined according to actual needs. The bottom end of the anchor cable assembly is connected to the guide assembly to ensure that the anchor cable can smoothly pass through the positioning plate 15 and extend into the positioning threaded sleeve 16.

[0115] The positioning assembly is installed on the top of the borehole, and the tray 12 is ensured to be close to the surface of the surrounding rock at the top of the borehole. The locking member is connected to the tray 12 using a connector to ensure that the locking member can be locked and sleeved on the anchor cable member;

[0116] Pour the mixed cement slurry into the borehole through the grouting pipe on the positioning assembly; ensure that the cement slurry can fully fill the borehole and closely combine with the surrounding rock to improve the stability of the support structure;

[0117] At the same time, by adjusting the positions of the positioning threaded sleeve 16 and the positioning ring 17 as needed, ensure that the guide drill 18 can accurately guide the anchor cable into the borehole, use the locking connection assembly to splice multiple anchor cables together to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable, and the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock can be monitored in real time. According to the monitoring data, the number of anchor cables can be appropriately increased or decreased to achieve the best support effect.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep hole and subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment, characterized in that: include: a. The stope is arranged vertically along the ore body and divided into two-step stopes, where the width of the first-step stope is 5 to 8 m, and the width of the second-step stope is 8 to 12 m. The width of the first-step stope is determined according to the degree of ore body fragmentation; b. Construction of a through-vein transport tunnel in the middle section, which also serves as a prospecting and liaison transport tunnel, with a spacing that matches the width of the two-step stope. A rock drilling chamber perpendicular to the ore body direction is constructed in the upper middle section, and pillars are set according to the degree of ore body fragmentation to ensure the stability of the rock drilling chamber; c. The construction of the vein tunnel exceeds the ore-rock boundary by 4 to 6 meters to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock in the upper wall. The length of the excess is determined according to the inclination of the ore body and the degree of crushing of the surrounding rock in the upper wall; d. In the top rock drilling chamber, use a down-the-hole drill to drill holes for anchor cables downwards, with a drilling grid of 1.0 to 2.0 m and a hole diameter that matches the anchor cable; e. The anchor cable construction adopts the pouring process, that is, after the anchor cable is placed in the hole, the stirred cement slurry is poured in until it is full, and the first step of mining operation is carried out after the cement slurry solidifies; f. The mining operation adopts a flat bottom structure, and adopts the method of detonating the bottom first and then blasting the upper deep hole. The upper deep hole blasthole is constructed downward by a down-the-hole drill, and the fan-shaped medium-deep hole is constructed in the middle of the vein connecting tunnel at the bottom. For the location where the medium-deep hole drill cannot be constructed, a shallow hole drill is used to make up the hole; g. After the first step of mining is completed, the second step of upper plate is anchored and supported. No anchor is used inside the ore body. The second step is carried out under the high-strength backfill on both sides and the upper support plate.

2. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of the first-step stope and the second-step stope in step a is determined by the actual conditions of the ore body, and is specifically adjusted according to factors such as the thickness, stability and inclination of the ore body.

3. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The construction length of the vein-crossing tunnel in step c and the distance beyond the ore-rock boundary are adjusted according to the actual conditions of the ore body to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock of the upper wall and the safety of construction.

4. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that: In step d, the mesh size, diameter of the anchor cable drilling holes and the material and length parameters of the anchor cables are selected and adjusted according to the actual conditions of the ore body and the construction requirements.

5. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that: The order, method and parameters of the mining blasting in step f are selected and adjusted according to the actual conditions of the ore body and construction requirements to ensure mining efficiency and safety.

6. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The invention comprises a support device for a deep hole subsequent backfill mining method for reconstructing a broken ore body environment, wherein the support device comprises a plurality of boreholes drilled in the lower part of a rock drilling chamber, wherein each borehole is provided with an anchor cable support structure matched therewith, and the anchor cable support structure is used for supporting the upper surrounding rock, and the anchor cable support structure comprises an anchor cable assembly, a positioning assembly and a guide assembly, the bottom end of the anchor cable assembly is movably connected with a guide assembly, and the top end is movably connected with a positioning assembly, the anchor cable assembly comprises a plurality of anchor cable parts, and the number of the anchor cable parts is determined according to the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock, and the anchor cable parts have flexibility and deformation capacity, and a grouting pipe is fixed on the positioning assembly, and the grouting pipe pours the stirred cement slurry into the borehole.

7. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 6 is characterized by: The positioning assembly includes a tray, a locking piece and a connecting piece. The tray is arranged at the outer top of the borehole and is arranged closely to the surrounding rock surface at the top of the borehole. The tray is detachably connected to the locking piece through the connecting piece. The locking piece is lockingly sleeved on the anchor cable piece. The locking piece includes a conical barrel, and an annular locking plate is fitly inserted in the conical barrel, and the annular locking plate is threadedly sleeved on the anchor cable piece, and the wall thickness of the annular locking plate decreases from top to bottom. The connecting piece includes an annular magnet plate, and the annular magnet plate is fixed on the bottom surface of the conical barrel, and the annular magnet plate is fitly embedded in the annular groove and fixedly connected to the annular iron plate in the annular groove, and the annular groove is fixed on the tray.

8. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 7 is characterized by: The guide assembly includes a positioning plate, an anchor cable part is positioned and plugged on the positioning plate, and the anchor cable part passes through the positioning plate and extends into the positioning sleeve, a positioning threaded sleeve is threadedly sleeved on the positioning plate, a sliding positioning ring fits in the bottom of the positioning threaded sleeve, and a sliding guide drill fits in the positioning ring, and the top of the guide drill extends into the positioning threaded sleeve and fits with the anchor cable part, the anchor cable part includes multiple anchor cables spliced ​​from top to bottom in sequence, and a locking connection assembly is sleeved at the joints of adjacent anchor cables, the anchor cable is arranged in a spiral shape, each anchor cable passes through the tray and is inserted into the annular locking plate, and each anchor cable passes through the positioning plate and extends into the positioning threaded sleeve.

9. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 8 is characterized by: The locking connection assembly includes a connecting disk, and a plurality of positioning holes on the connecting disk, and anchor cables are inserted into the upper and lower parts of the positioning holes respectively, a rubber ring is attached to the inner side of the positioning hole, an elastic locking ring is fitted on the outer side of the connecting disk, and the connecting disk is arranged in the middle area of ​​the elastic locking ring, and the top and bottom of the elastic locking ring are arranged in a trumpet shape, a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions are fixed in an annular shape on the outer side surface of the connecting disk, a plurality of positioning assemblies are fixed on the elastic locking ring in sequence from top to bottom, and the upper positioning assemblies are respectively inserted into the side walls of the drill hole, the positioning assembly includes a plurality of stab nail groups, and the plurality of stab nail groups are annularly and evenly fixed on the elastic locking ring, the stab nail group includes a plurality of stab nails arranged longitudinally, and the stab nails are fixed on the elastic locking ring.

10. The deep hole subsequent filling mining method for broken ore body environment reconstruction according to claim 9 is characterized in that: A plurality of ribs are evenly fixed in an annular shape on the outer sides of the upper and lower ends of the anchor cable, and the ribs are inserted into the limiting grooves, and the ribs and the limiting grooves are interference fit. The bottom surface of the tray, the top surface of the positioning plate, and the top and bottom surfaces of the connecting plate are fixed with limiting grooves corresponding to the ribs.

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