Visual model test system for studying the slope reinforcement of deposits with prestressed anchor cables

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of slope support technology, specifically to a visualization model test system for studying the reinforcement of a pile slope with prestressed anchor cables, comprising a combined model box, an optical platform installed at the lower end of the combined model box, and a slope model provided on the combined model box. The present invention simulates the reinforcement effect of prestressed anchor cables on a loose pile slope; the test device can observe the influence of anchor cables on the internal displacement change of the slope; a one-way locking device is used to apply prestress from the back of the slope to prevent internal cracking; after applying the prestress, the components used for separation between the anchoring section and the pulling system can be disconnected, and the situation where the anchoring section is not anchored in the bedrock but in the pile is truly simulated; by disconnecting the cut-off device between the outer anchor head of the prestressed anchor cable and the anchoring section, the situation of anchor cable failure is simulated, and the influence of the prestressed anchor cable on the position of the sliding surface of the loose pile slope is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of slope support, in particular to a visual model test system for studying a prestressed anchor cable reinforced accumulation body slope. Background Art

[0002] The material composition of the slope cover of the accumulation body is mainly a mixture of soil and stone, such as soil mixed with crushed stone or broken stone, crushed stone or broken stone mixed with soil, etc. Its structure is relatively loose and is generally in a critical state. However, once it is affected by external loads, this state will change, affecting the original state of the slope, and then the slope stress will be readjusted, which is very likely to cause geological disasters such as cracking, disintegration and landslides, posing a great threat to the surrounding engineering construction and people's lives and property safety. When designing the road line, a detour is usually adopted to avoid the area where loose accumulation bodies are distributed, but this also leads to the continuous increase in the length of the highway and the continuous increase in engineering investment. It is obviously not a desirable solution for today's emphasis on economic timeliness. In addition, loose accumulation bodies are widely distributed in some mountainous areas, and we will face an unavoidable situation. Therefore, taking targeted and effective treatment measures is the guarantee to prevent geological disasters when carrying out engineering construction in this area.

[0003] Prestressed anchor cables have been used in the field of rock and soil slope reinforcement for a long time and have achieved good results. Based on this, many scholars have conducted research on the reinforcement effect of prestressed anchor cables on accumulation slopes. Indoor scale model tests have the advantages of strong controllability of test parameters, no influence from the surrounding environment, and good economy. They are widely used in the research of accumulation slope support structures.

[0004] At present, the existing slope model test systems mainly include the following limitations: combined model box (1) Most model test devices use natural rock and soil as similar materials for testing. Even if a transparent model box is used for testing, these tests can only observe the deformation and failure process of the slope surface or one side, but cannot observe the deformation and failure process inside the slope, which limits researchers' understanding of the reinforcement effect of the support structure; pressurization system (2) The use of transparent soil to carry out research on the mechanism and effect of slope reinforcement can realize the observation of the inside of the slope, but there is no supporting system for studying the mechanism and effect of anchor cable reinforcement slope in the transparent soil model test for slopes; pulling system (3) At present, the model test for anchor cable reinforcement slope mainly applies prestress to the anchor cable in three ways: ① The external force provided by equipment such as jacks is used to tension the steel strands toward the free surface of the slope, and then fix them. When this method is applied to the accumulation slope model, it is very likely that due to the loose structure of the slope, the slope will be subjected to excessive tension and cracks will be generated, affecting the position of the sliding surface; ② By screwing in the bolts, the displacement of the bolts is controlled to achieve the application of prestress to the anchor cable. This method is difficult to simulate the sudden failure of the anchor cable, and has certain limitations in studying the reinforcement mechanism of the anchor cable on the slope; ③ The anchor cable is passed through the slope model and fixed to the reaction plate on the back of the slope, and the reaction force applied by the reaction plate provides prestress. This method fixes the anchor section of the anchor cable and cannot simulate the situation where the anchor section of the anchor cable is not anchored in the bedrock but in the accumulation body.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a visual model test system suitable for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforced accumulation slope, which has the following functions: the internal deformation of the slope can be clearly developed; a supporting system for studying the mechanism and effect of anchor cable reinforced slope and a new pulling system. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art and to propose a visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A visualization model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of an accumulation body slope comprises a combined model box, an optical platform is installed at the lower end of the combined model box, a slope model is arranged on the combined model box, a slope forming device and a pressurizing system are installed on the combined model box, a drawing system is arranged on one side of the combined model box, a cut-off anchor cable device is arranged in the slope model, and the cut-off anchor cable device is connected to the drawing system;

[0009] The cuttable anchor device is provided with three cuttable anchor parts, and the cuttable anchor parts are provided with two micro-cutting devices, and the micro-cutting devices include a cutting frame, and the cuttable anchor part is composed of three steel wire cable parts, and the two micro-cutting devices and the three steel wire cable parts are arranged alternately in sequence, and the lower end of the cutting frame is provided with connecting grooves on both sides, and the micro-cutting device is located between two adjacent steel wire cable parts, and the opposite ends of the two adjacent steel wire cable parts extend to between the two connecting grooves respectively, and the cutting frame is provided with There is an installation cavity, a power mechanism is provided on the installation cavity, two spur racks are provided on the power mechanism, two installation slots are provided in the truncation frame, the installation cavity is arranged between the two installation slots, the two installation slots are respectively penetrated and arranged at the upper ends of the two connecting slots, a lifting mechanism is provided in the installation slot, the lifting mechanism is connected to the spur rack, a screw member is provided on the lifting mechanism, the lower end of the screw member extends into the connecting slot, a conflict block is fixed to the lower end of the screw member, and the conflict block conflicts with the truncation type anchor cable member;

[0010] The pressurizing system is installed at the upper end of the combined model box. The angle of the slope model can be shaped by the slope forming device, and the top of the slope model can be pressurized by the pressurizing system.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention takes into account the actual reinforcement process of the loose accumulation body slope, and can simulate the reinforcement effect of the prestressed anchor cable on the loose accumulation body slope more realistically; the test device uses the transparent soil test technology to observe the influence of the anchor cable on the internal displacement change of the slope; a one-way locking device is used to apply prestress from the back of the slope to prevent the slope from being torn from the inside during the process of applying prestress to the anchor cable model; after the prestress is applied, the components used for separation between the anchor section and the pulling system can be disconnected to realistically simulate the situation that the anchor section is not anchored in the bedrock but in the accumulation body; it simulates the situation of sudden failure of the anchor cable by disconnecting the cut-off device between the outer anchor head of the prestressed anchor cable and the anchor section, and obtains the influence of the prestressed anchor cable on the position of the sliding surface of the loose accumulation body slope;

[0012] It can control the operation of the lifting mechanism when the power mechanism comes, so that the screw part can be raised and lowered, and can control the connection between the cuttable anchor cable and the micro-cutoff device as needed to achieve automatic adjustment. At the same time, it can adjust the pressure of the pressurization system on the slope model to realize a visual model test. It can accurately simulate the situation of loose accumulation slope reinforced by prestressed anchor cables, analyze the change law of the displacement field of the loose accumulation body after reinforcement by prestressed anchor cables and the slope sliding mode after the anchor cable fails, and propose a mechanism for improving the overall stability of the slope by prestressed anchor cables, which provides a theoretical basis for the mechanical mechanism of loose accumulation slope reinforced by prestressed anchor cables in actual engineering.

[0013] Preferably, the power mechanism includes a thumb cylinder arranged in the installation cavity, the end of the piston rod of the thumb cylinder is rotatably connected to two oblique rods, two spur racks are slidably installed on opposite side walls in the installation cavity, the two oblique rods are slidably installed on the lower ends of the two spur racks, and the two ends of the two spur racks extend into two installation grooves respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the thumb cylinder can be easily connected to an external control component to operate it. At the same time, during actual production and preparation, the thumb cylinder has a small structure, which can effectively reduce the structural size of the micro-cutting device so that it can be buried in the slope model for easy use.

[0015] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a threaded pipe fitting rotatably sleeved in the mounting groove, the screw member is threaded on the lower end of the threaded pipe fitting, a gear is fixed on the threaded pipe fitting, the spur rack is meshed with the gear, the screw member is slidably installed at the bottom of the mounting groove, one end of the screw member located in the threaded pipe fitting is rotatably connected to a turntable, a spring member is fixed on the upper end of the turntable, and the upper end of the spring member is fixed to the top of the mounting groove.

[0016] Furthermore, when the spur rack moves, it can drive the gear to rotate and control the rotation direction of the threaded pipe fitting. At the same time, when the gear rotates, it can control the lifting and lowering of the screw member, which can facilitate the control of the positional relationship between the screw member and the cuttable anchor member. In normal use, the screw member and the corresponding cuttable anchor member can be tightly in contact with each other, fully limiting the positional relationship between the cuttable anchor member and the cut-off frame.

[0017] Preferably, the pressurizing system consists of a PVC plate, a compressible rubber bag, a pressure gauge and two valves, both valves are arranged through the upper end of the compressible rubber bag, the pressure gauge is installed on the upper end of one of the valves, and the PVC plate is fixed to the lower end of the compressible rubber bag.

[0018] Furthermore, during actual production and preparation, the staff can inflate the compressible rubber bag so that the compressible rubber bag applies pressure to the PVC board, and the PVC board applies pressure to the upper end of the slope model, so as to cause landslides, collapses, etc. in the slope model.

[0019] Preferably, a laser and a data acquisition and control system are provided on one side of the slope model, and the data acquisition and control system and the laser are both arranged on the upper end of the optical platform. The laser includes a sheet light source laser, an electric translation stage and a laser controller, and the laser controller is connected to the sheet light source laser, and the sheet light source laser is installed on the upper end of the electric translation stage. The data acquisition and control system includes a computer, a CCD camera and a controller, and the CCD camera is located on one side of the optical platform, and the computer and the controller are both connected to the CCD camera.

[0020] Furthermore, during actual production and preparation, the data acquisition and control system can be connected to the automated components within the system to facilitate operation by staff.

[0021] Preferably, three hydraulic drawing machines are provided in the drawing system, the three hydraulic drawing machines are respectively connected to the three cuttable anchor cable members, and the three hydraulic drawing machines are all connected to the combined model box.

[0022] Furthermore, the cuttable anchor cable can be tensioned by a hydraulic pulling machine to provide sufficient prestress, which helps to better improve the overall firmness of the slope model.

[0023] Preferably, an anchoring section is provided in the cuttable anchor device, a steel wire cable member located in the middle is penetrated through the anchoring section, a micro one-way lock is penetrated through the steel wire cable member located in the middle, the micro one-way lock is connected to the anchoring section, an anchor head is fixed at one end of the cuttable anchor member, and the anchor head is in conflict with the inclined end of the slope model.

[0024] Furthermore, the contact between the anchor head and the inclined end of the slope model helps to better ensure the stability of the inclined end of the slope model, while the firmness of the slope model can be better ensured through the action of the anchoring section and the micro one-way lock.

[0025] Preferably, a steel pipe fitting is provided in the miniature one-way lock, a disc fitting is slidably installed in the steel pipe fitting, a reset spring fitting is fixed on one side of the disc fitting and one end side wall in the steel pipe fitting, two inclined rod fittings are rotatably connected to the other end side wall in the steel pipe fitting and the other side of the disc fitting, a splint fitting is rotatably connected between the two inclined rod fittings located in the same horizontal plane, the cuttable anchor cable fitting passes through the reset spring fitting, the disc fitting and the two splint fittings, and is slidably installed up and down between the two splint fittings.

[0026] Furthermore, when the hydraulic drawing machine tensions the cuttable anchor cable component, disconnecting the cutting device close to the drawing machine side will tighten the cuttable anchor cable component.

[0027] Preferably, a slope forming device is installed at the upper end of the combined model box, and a rotating rod is provided in the slope forming device. A baffle is fixed to the lower end of the rotating rod, and the baffle is located in the combined model box. The baffle and the inclined end of the slope model are in conflict with each other. Both ends of the rotating rod are rotatably sleeved with clamps, and two support plates are fixed on the opposite sides of the clamps, and the support plates are in conflict with the upper end of the combined model box. A nut is threaded on one end of the rotating rod, and two end toothed discs are installed on the other end of the rotating rod, and a clamp is installed in the support plate.

[0028] Furthermore, by adjusting the angle of the baffle and controlling and fixing the angle of the baffle through the end gear plate, it is helpful to set the inclination setting of the slope model. During actual production and preparation, the support plate adopts a U-shaped plate structure, in which bolt and nut components are installed. The clip is mounted on the bolt and can be controlled and adjusted as needed. The clip on the same side can be moved toward the direction of the clamping plate. At the same time, anti-slip structures are provided on the opposite sides of the clip and the clamping plate on the same side so that the combined model box can be clamped.

[0029] Preferably, a fixing tube is fixed to one end of the steel wire cable extending into the connecting groove, and the diameter of the fixing tube is larger than the diameter of the steel wire cable.

[0030] Furthermore, the fixing tube can prevent the screw rod from being removed after it contacts the connection groove, thereby fully ensuring the firmness of the connection between the cuttable anchor cable and the cut-off frame.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. When in use, the staff can supply high-pressure gas into the compressible rubber bag, which can make the compressible rubber bag press the PVC board, so that the PVC board presses the upper end of the slope model, so as to cause the slope of the slope model to slide, collapse, etc.;

[0033] 2. The slope of the slope model can be reinforced by the action of the truncation anchor device through the pulling system. At the same time, the truncation anchor device can be quickly controlled to disconnect through the data acquisition and control system. When the truncation anchor device is disconnected, the slope model will slide. At the same time, the sliding of the slope model can be quickly collected through the action of the laser and CCD camera to obtain accurate data;

[0034] 3. The four sides of the combined model box are all transparent, so that the laser can illuminate the slope model to generate a speckle field and the CCD camera can collect the speckle field of the slope model sliding; in actual production and preparation, the four sides of the combined model box are all transparent, so that the CCD camera can collect the displacement speckle field of the slope model;

[0035] 4. The thumb cylinder can be easily connected to an external control component to operate it. At the same time, in actual production and preparation, the thumb cylinder has a small structure, which can effectively reduce the size of the micro-cutoff device so that it can be buried in the slope model for easy use;

[0036] 5. When the spur rack moves, it can drive the gear to rotate and control the rotation direction of the threaded pipe fitting. At the same time, when the gear rotates, it can control the lifting and lowering of the screw member, which can facilitate the control of the positional relationship between the screw member and the cuttable anchor member. In normal use, the screw member and the corresponding cuttable anchor member can be closely in contact, fully limiting the positional relationship between the cuttable anchor member and the cut-off frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is one of the connection structure diagrams of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the micro one-way lock structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the slope forming device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is the internal structure diagram of the truncation frame of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is the internal structure diagram of the threaded pipe fitting of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is the second connection structure diagram of the present invention;

[0043] In the figure: 1. combined model box; 2. pressurizing system; 21. PVC board; 22. valve; 23. pressure gauge; 24. compressible rubber bag; 3. drawing system; 31. hydraulic drawing machine; 4. data acquisition and control system; 41. computer; 42. controller; 5. cut-off anchor cable device; 51. anchor head; 52. micro cut-off device; 521. installation cavity; 522. thumb cylinder; 523. inclined rod; 524. spring member; 525. installation groove; 526. gear; 527. threaded pipe fitting; 528. screw member; 529. abutment block; 5210. cut-off frame; 5211, connecting groove; 5212, straight rack; 53, micro one-way lock; 531, steel pipe fittings; 532, reset spring parts; 533, disc parts; 534, inclined rod parts; 535, clamping plate parts; 54, cuttable anchor rope parts; 55, anchoring section; 6, slope model; 7, laser; 71, sheet light source laser; 72, electric translation stage; 73, CCD camera; 74, laser controller; 8, slope forming device; 81, end gear disc; 82, rotating rod; 83, nut parts; 84, support plate; 85, clamping plate; 86, baffle; 87, clip; 9 optical platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0045] Reference Figure 1-5 , a visualization model test system for prestressed anchor cable reinforced accumulation slope is studied, including a combined model box 1, an optical platform 9 is installed at the lower end of the combined model box 1, the combined model box 1 is made of an outer steel frame and transparent organic glass, and the deformation of the internal model can be observed at any time; a bolt hole is arranged on the top of the outer steel frame for fixing the pressurization system 2; a slope model 6 is arranged on the combined model box 1, and the slope model 6 is composed of transparent sand, and the transparent sand material is configured by baked quartz sand and mixed oil, the baked quartz sand has a specific gravity of 2.14, a particle size of 0.5-1.0mm, and D60 and D10 values ​​of 0.40 and 0.16 respectively; the mixed oil is prepared by mixing No. 15 white oil and n-12-oxane in a mass ratio of 4:1, and its refractive index is consistent with that of molten quartz sand; so as to detect the collapse of the slope model 6.

[0046] Reference Figure 1-5 A slope forming device 8 and a pressurizing system 2 are installed on the combined model box 1. The slope forming device 8 can shape the angle of the slope model 6, and the pressurizing system 2 can apply pressure to the top of the slope model 6. A pulling system 3 is provided on one side of the combined model box 1. A cuttable anchor device 5 is provided in the slope model 6. The cuttable anchor device 5 is connected to the pulling system 3. The cutting anchor device 5 can be pulled by the pulling system 3 to effectively apply pressure to the inclined section of the slope model 6 to ensure its stability. At the same time, the cuttable anchor device 5 can be broken, so that the cuttable anchor device 5 cannot reinforce the inclined section of the slope model 6, so that the slope model 6 collapses under the action of the pressurizing system 2, and the collapse of the slope model 6 can be detected.

[0047] Reference Figure 1-5The cuttable anchor cable device 5 is provided with three cuttable anchor cable members 54, and two micro-cutting devices 52 are provided on the cuttable anchor cable members 54. The micro-cutting devices 52 include a cutting frame 5210. The cuttable anchor cable member 54 is composed of three steel wire cable members. The two micro-cutting devices 52 and the three steel wire cable members are arranged alternately in sequence, and can be quickly broken as needed to achieve that the cuttable anchor cable device 5 does not reinforce the slope model 6. The lower end of the cutting frame 5210 is provided with connecting grooves 5211 on both sides. The micro-cutting device 52 is located between two adjacent steel wire cable members, and the opposite ends of the two adjacent steel wire cable members extend between the two connecting grooves 5211 respectively. The cutting frame 5210 is provided with an installation cavity 521, and a power mechanism is provided on the installation cavity 521, and two straight teeth are provided on the power mechanism The strip 5212 and the truncation frame 5210 are provided with two mounting grooves 525, and the mounting cavity 521 is arranged between the two mounting grooves 525. The two mounting grooves 525 are respectively penetrated through the upper ends of the two connecting grooves 5211. A lifting mechanism is arranged in the mounting groove 525, and the lifting mechanism is connected with the spur rack 5212. A screw member 528 is arranged on the lifting mechanism, and the lower end of the screw member 528 extends into the connecting groove 5211. A resistance block 529 is fixed to the lower end of the screw member 528, and the resistance block 529 is in resistance with the cuttable anchor cable member 54. In actual production and preparation, the power mechanism and the lifting mechanism can control the screw member 528 to drive the resistance block 529 to be lifted and lowered, and can be connected or disconnected with the cuttable anchor cable member 54, so as to control whether the inclined end of the slope model 6 is reinforced.

[0048] Reference Figure 4-5 The power mechanism includes a thumb cylinder 522 arranged in the installation cavity 521, and the piston rod end of the thumb cylinder 522 is rotatably connected to two inclined rods 523. The two spur racks 5212 are respectively slidably installed on the opposite side walls in the installation cavity 521. The two inclined rods 523 are respectively slidably installed at the lower ends of the two spur racks 5212. The two ends of the two spur racks 5212 extend into the two installation grooves 525 respectively. The thumb cylinder 522 can be easily connected to an external control component to operate it. At the same time, in actual production and preparation, the thumb cylinder 522 has a small structure, which can effectively reduce the structural size of the micro-truncation device 52 so that it can be buried in the slope model 6 for easy use.

[0049] Reference Figure 4-5The lifting mechanism includes a threaded pipe 527 rotatably sleeved in the mounting groove 525, a screw member 528 is screwed on the lower end of the threaded pipe 527, a gear 526 is fixed on the threaded pipe 527, a spur rack 5212 is meshed with the gear 526, the screw member 528 is slidably installed at the bottom of the mounting groove 525, one end of the screw member 528 located in the threaded pipe 527 is rotatably connected to a turntable, a spring member 524 is fixed on the upper end of the turntable, and the upper end of the spring member 524 is fixed on the mounting groove 525 At the top of the inner part, when the spur rack 5212 moves, it can drive the gear 526 to rotate and control the rotation direction of the threaded pipe fitting 527. At the same time, when the gear 526 rotates, it can control the lifting and lowering of the screw member 528, which can facilitate the control of the positional relationship between the screw member 528 and the cuttable anchor member 54, and in normal use, the screw member 528 and the corresponding cuttable anchor member 54 can be tightly in contact with each other, fully limiting the positional relationship between the cuttable anchor member 54 and the cut-off frame 5210.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 The pressurizing system 2 is installed at the upper end of the combined model box 1. The pressurizing system 2 is composed of a PVC board 21, a compressible rubber bag 24, a pressure gauge 23 and two valves 22. The two valves 22 are both set at the upper end of the compressible rubber bag 24. The pressure gauge 23 is installed at the upper end of one of the valves 22. The PVC board 21 is fixed at the lower end of the compressible rubber bag 24. During actual production and preparation, the staff can inflate the compressible rubber bag 24 so that the compressible rubber bag 24 can pressurize the PVC board 21, so that the PVC board 21 can pressurize the upper end of the slope model 6, so that the slope model 6 will have landslides, collapses, etc., and input air into the compressible rubber bag 24 for normal graded loading, and determine the air pressure according to the barometer reading. The loading rate is 10Kpa / min, and the air pressure is kept constant and stable for 5min after each loading of 10Kpa until the air pressure rises to 100Kpa.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6, a laser 7 and a data acquisition and control system 4 are provided on one side of the slope model 6. The data acquisition and control system 4 and the laser 7 are both arranged on the upper end of the optical platform 9. The laser 7 includes a sheet light source laser 71, an electric translation stage 72 and a laser controller 74. The laser controller 74 is connected to the sheet light source laser 71. The sheet light source laser 71 is installed on the upper end of the electric translation stage 72, and can automatically control the position of the sheet light source laser 71 to accurately correspond to the corresponding position of the combined model box 1. The data acquisition and control system 4 includes a computer 41, a CCD camera 73 and a controller 42. The CCD camera 73 is located on one side of the optical platform 9. The computer 41 and the controller 42 are both connected to the CCD camera 73. The sheet light source laser 71 is arranged on the left side of the combined model box 1 to generate a stable laser speckle field inside the slope; the CCD camera 73 is arranged in front of the combined model box 1 to capture the speckle field image inside the slope; the computer 41 is arranged on the side of the combined model box 1 to analyze the changes in the speckle field image and obtain the velocity vector of the particles inside the slope. The function of the sheet light source laser 71 is to form speckles, the CCD camera 73 is to collect speckles, and the computer 41 can analyze the displacement changes based on the speckle image.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 , 4 Three hydraulic drawing machines 31 are provided in the drawing system 3. The three hydraulic drawing machines 31 are respectively connected to three cuttable anchor cable members 54. The three hydraulic drawing machines 31 are all connected to the combined model box 1. The cuttable anchor cable members 54 can be moved by the action of the hydraulic drawing machines 31, so as to enhance the clamping ability of the cuttable anchor cable device 5 on the slope model 6.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 , 2 4. An anchoring section 55 is provided in the cuttable anchor cable device 5. A steel wire cable member located in the middle is penetrated by the anchoring section 55. A micro one-way lock buckle 53 is penetrated by the steel wire cable member located in the middle. The micro one-way lock buckle 53 is connected to the anchoring section 55. An anchor head 51 is fixed to one end of the cuttable anchor cable member 54. The anchor head 51 and the inclined end of the slope model 6 are in conflict with each other. The inclined end of the slope model 6 can be reinforced by the anchor head 51 to avoid landslide or collapse.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 , 2The miniature one-way lock buckle 53 is provided with a steel pipe 531, a disc 533 is slidably installed in the steel pipe 531, a reset spring 532 is fixed on one side of the disc 533 and one end side wall of the steel pipe 531, two oblique rods 534 are rotatably connected to the other end side wall of the steel pipe 531 and the other side of the disc 533, a clamping plate 535 is rotatably connected between the two oblique rods 534 located in the same horizontal plane, and the cut-off anchor cable 54 penetrates the reset spring 532. The spring member 532, the disc member 533 and the two clamping members 535 are installed to slide up and down. When the slope model 6 experiences landslide or collapse, the cut-off anchor member 54 will be pulled, and the cut-off anchor member 54 will move from the disc member 533 toward the clamping member 535, so that the two clamping members 535 can move relative to each other, so as to effectively clamp the cut-off anchor member 54 between the two clamping members 535, thereby limiting the movement of the cut-off anchor member 54.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 , 3 , a slope forming device 8 is installed at the upper end of the combined model box 1, and a rotating rod 82 is arranged in the slope forming device 8, and a baffle 86 is fixed at the lower end of the rotating rod 82, and the baffle 86 is located in the combined model box 1, and the baffle 86 conflicts with the inclined end of the slope model 6. Both ends of the rotating rod 82 are rotatably sleeved with a clamping plate 85, and two supporting plates 84 are fixed on the opposite side of the clamping plate 85, and the supporting plate 84 conflicts with the upper end of the combined model box 1. A nut 83 is screwed on one end of the rotating rod 82, and two end toothed discs 81 are installed on the other end of the rotating rod 82, which can accurately control the inclination angle of the baffle 86, that is, one end toothed disc 81 is fixed on the clamping plate 85, and the other end toothed disc 81 is fixed on the rotating rod 82. The movement of the rotating rod 82 can be controlled by the nut 83, and the distance between the two end toothed discs 81 can be controlled. When the two end toothed discs 81 are relative, After the collision, the angle of the rotating rod 82 can be fixed. At the same time, when the angle of the baffle 86 is fixed, the inclination angle of the slope model 6 can be shaped. A clamp 87 is installed in the support plate 84, and an anti-slip structure is set on the opposite side of the clamp 87 and the clamp 85 on the same side. The rotation direction of the nut member 83 can be controlled to control the moving direction of the rotating rod 82, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the distance between the clamp 87 and the clamp 85 on the same side, so as to control the clamping of the combined model box 1 by the clamp 87 and the clamp 85. In actual production and preparation, the rotating rod 82 can be made to collide with the upper end of the combined model box 1, and the baffle 86 can be rotated. The rotation angle of the baffle 86 can be accurately controlled by the end toothed disc 81. In actual production, the corresponding components can be operated through the action of the nut member 83 so as to be fixed to the combined model box 1, and then the baffle 86 can be controlled to rotate.

[0056] Reference Figure 4A fixing tube is fixed to one end of the steel wire cable extending into the connecting groove 5211. The diameter of the fixing tube is larger than the diameter of the steel wire cable, which can effectively play a blocking role. That is, after the interference block 529 and the cuttable anchor cable 54 collide with each other, the fixing tube can prevent the cuttable anchor cable 54 from loosening.

[0057] In the present invention, the required amount of transparent sand is determined according to the size of the combined model box 1, and the transparent sand slope is filled by the slope forming device 8 through the layered compaction method. When filling in layers, a glass rod is used to continuously stir to remove the bubbles inside the soil. The cut-off anchor cable 54 and the pulling system 3 are buried at the pre-buried position until the predetermined height is reached, and the slope model is completed to form a pile slope model;

[0058] Assemble the drawing system 3, place the drawing system 3 on the side of the combined model box 1, tension the cut-off anchor cable 54 through the drawing hole to provide prestress, and disconnect the micro-cut-off device 52 between the anchor cable anchoring section 55 and the drawing system 3 through the data acquisition and control system 4 after the cut-off anchor cable 54 reaches the designed prestress;

[0059] Assemble the pressurizing system 2, place the PVC board 21 between the compressible rubber bag 24 and the top of the slope model 6, and fix the PVC board 21;

[0060] Turn on the sheet light source laser 7 and the CCD camera 73, set the shooting frequency of the CCD camera 73, and start shooting after a stable speckle field is formed inside the soil;

[0061] Start the pressurization system 2, set the loading parameters according to the actual pressure level, load in stages, and simulate the soil stress at different depths;

[0062] After the pressure reaches the designed value, the separation component between the anchor head 51 and the anchoring section 55 is disconnected;

[0063] The soil slope of the accumulation area and the length of the truncation anchor cable 54 are adjusted, and the overall stability model test of the accumulation body under various working conditions is continued; by observing the laser speckle field change image of the slope model collected by the CCD camera 73, the improvement mechanism of the prestressed anchor cable on the overall stability of the slope is analyzed.

[0064] Computer image analysis specific operations:

[0065] The specific operation process of GEO-PIV is as follows:

[0066] 1. Create an analysis folder PIV and two subfolders. One is to copy the GEO-PIV program into the folder subroutines, and the other is the data image folder DATE for storing speckle images.

[0067] 2. Set the file path and select the path to create the folder to save;

[0068] 3. Direct MATLAB to the executable folder: enter geoPIV_RG_locate; a window pops up, select the geopiv_RG program in the subroutines folder;

[0069] 4. How to view the help file: Select IMAGE in the data file DATE, and the input format of the help file is helpgeo _RG_help;

[0070] 5. Mark control points: load('cp_xy.mat') to open the CP file on the right, enter geoCENTROID_RG(CP,'Example',50,25); select picture 1, then select the control point operation from top to bottom, from left to right, and select two points in the middle of the two calibration lines to represent the maximum threshold and minimum threshold;

[0071] 6. Input geoMESH_RG('Example', 50, 50); input 0, then 0, select picture 1, select points on the picture with the mouse to connect them into lines and finally generate the restricted area;

[0072] 7. Remove control points from the area: Enter geoMESH_RG('Example', 50, 50); enter 0, then 1, then 50, then 1, select CENTROID_CP_Example.txt to open Image 1, select an area of ​​similar size, select points on the image with the mouse to form a line and finally generate a restricted area;

[0073] 8 Input geoLAUNCH_RG(101,116,1,4,'CP_Example','CP_Example','IMG_','jpg',1,1e-5,10,0.7,0.1); Select the file IMages and then input geoLAUNCH_RG(101,116,1,4,'Example','Ex-ample','IMG_','jpg',2,1e-5,50,0.7,0.1); Select the file Images twice;

[0074] 9. Input geoPIV_RG_run('CP_Example_analysis_launcher'); the analysis will take a while and generate an M1_dat.mat file;

[0075] 10. Enter geoPIV_RG_run('Example_analysis_launcher'); the picture frame pops up, zoom to the place with small deformation, there will be high contrast texture, click enter in the window, return to the frame and click the yellow dot on the picture, then press "Enter" in the control window, wait for a while to generate an M2_dat.mat file;

[0076] 11. Open the analysis file Example_analysis_launcher.txt, change the 0 to 1 after the correlation coefficient plot (check the quality of the calculation) in line 17 and line 18 of the file, and change the 0 to 1 after the displacement component plot (showing the displacement during the analysis) in line 23 of the file. Click Save File and enter geoPIV_RG_run('Example_analysis_launcher'); After running this analysis, wait for a while, and 3 frames will pop up. With each calculation increase, all plots will be updated;

[0077] 12. Load the M2_dat.mat file, input X_data=data(:,:,1); input Y_data=data(:,:,2); input cc_data=data(:,:,3); open the X_dat file on the right;

[0078] 13. Load the M2_dat.mat file and input filtered_data=geoFILTER_RG(data,0.9); a folder pops up, select Picture 1 in Image, and a picture box pops up (red cross: correlation coefficient < critical value (<0.9), these subsets will be deleted in clean_data; blue cross: correlation coefficient > critical value (>0.9)). Click the two date files on the right to save them to the M2_dat.mat file in the pop-up file, and click Save;

[0079] 14. Load the M2_dat.mat file, enter unwild_data = geoWILD_RG (data, 1, 50, 1); a folder pops up, select image 1 in Image, a picture box pops up (zoom to the area of ​​interest, click the bottom of the potential uncontrolled vectors, then clear them, right-click and zoom out to other areas of interest and check the uncontrolled vectors), select the 3 data files on the right and save them to the M2_dat.mat file in the pop-up file, click Save;

[0080] 15. Load the M2_dat.mat file, input XYdata=geoCALIBRATE_RG(data); a folder pops up, select the M1_dat.mat file, and a folder pops up again, select CENTROID_CP_Example to open, and a picture box pops up (the output drawing shows that the calibration stability standard error is less than 0.5 pixels, which is considered a good calibration). Select the 4 data files on the right to the M2_dat.mat file, and click Save;

[0081] 16. Load the M2_dat.mat file and input strains=geoSTRAIN_RG(XYdata); a grid picture box pops up (red triangle: invalid strain (ignore) element). Select the 5 data files on the right and save them to the M2_dat.mat file;

[0082] 17. Load the M2_dat.mat file and input geoPLOTDISP_RG(XYdata, 1, 50, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1); the vector displacement plot, lateral displacement surface plot, longitudinal displacement surface plot, and synthetic displacement surface plot will pop up;

[0083] 18. Load the M2_dat.mat file and input geoPLOTSTRAIN_RG(strains, 1, 50, 0, 0, 1, 10, 0); output strain contour lines.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of an accumulation body slope comprises a combined model box (1), characterized in that: An optical platform (9) is installed at the lower end of the combined model box (1), a slope model (6) is provided on the combined model box (1), a slope forming device (8) and a pressurizing system (2) are installed on the combined model box (1), a drawing system (3) is provided on one side of the combined model box (1), a cuttable anchor cable device (5) is provided in the slope model (6), and the cuttable anchor cable device (5) is connected to the drawing system (3); The cuttable anchor cable device (5) is provided with three cuttable anchor cable components (54), and the cuttable anchor cable components (54) are provided with two micro-cutting devices (52), and the micro-cutting devices (52) include a cutting frame (5210). The cuttable anchor cable component (54) is composed of three steel wire cable components, and the two micro-cutting devices (52) and the three steel wire cable components are arranged alternately in sequence. The lower end of the cutting frame (5210) is provided with connecting grooves (5211) on both sides, and the micro-cutting device (52) is located between two adjacent steel wire cable components, and the opposite ends of the two adjacent steel wire cable components extend between the two connecting grooves (5211) respectively. The cutting frame (5210) is provided with an installation cavity (521), and the installation cavity (521) is provided with a plurality of connecting grooves (5211). 21) is provided with a power mechanism, the power mechanism is provided with two spur racks (5212), the truncation frame (5210) is provided with two installation grooves (525), the installation cavity (521) is arranged between the two installation grooves (525), the two installation grooves (525) are respectively arranged through the upper ends of the two connecting grooves (5211), the installation grooves (525) are provided with a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism and the spur racks (5212) are connected, the lifting mechanism is provided with a screw member (528), the lower end of the screw member (528) extends into the connecting groove (5211), the lower end of the screw member (528) is fixed with a resistance block (529), and the resistance block (529) and the truncation type anchor cable member (54) are in resistance; The pressurizing system (2) is installed at the upper end of the combined model box (1), and can shape the angle of the slope model (6) through the slope shaping device (8), and can apply pressure to the top of the slope model (6) through the pressurizing system (2).

2. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: The power mechanism comprises a thumb cylinder (522) arranged in the installation cavity (521), the piston rod end of the thumb cylinder (522) is rotatably connected to two inclined rods (523), the two spur racks (5212) are respectively slidably mounted on opposite side walls in the installation cavity (521), the two inclined rods (523) are respectively slidably mounted on the lower ends of the two spur racks (5212), and the two ends of the two spur racks (5212) extend into the two installation grooves (525).

3. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 2 is characterized by: The lifting mechanism comprises a threaded pipe fitting (527) rotatably sleeved in a mounting groove (525), the screw member (528) being screwed on the lower end of the threaded pipe fitting (527), a gear (526) being fixed on the threaded pipe fitting (527), the spur rack (5212) being meshed with the gear (526), ​​the screw member (528) being slidably mounted on the bottom of the mounting groove (525), one end of the screw member (528) located in the threaded pipe fitting (527) being rotatably connected to a turntable, a spring member (524) being fixed on the upper end of the turntable, and the upper end of the spring member (524) being fixed to the top of the mounting groove (525).

4. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 3 is characterized by: The pressurizing system (2) is composed of a PVC plate (21), a compressible rubber bag (24), a pressure gauge (23) and two valves (22). The two valves (22) are both arranged through the upper end of the compressible rubber bag (24), the pressure gauge (23) is installed on the upper end of one of the valves (22), and the PVC plate (21) is fixed to the lower end of the compressible rubber bag (24).

5. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 4 is characterized by: A laser (7) and a data acquisition and control system (4) are provided on one side of the slope model (6); the data acquisition and control system (4) and the laser (7) are both arranged on the upper end of the optical platform (9); the laser (7) comprises a sheet-shaped light source laser (71), an electric translation stage (72) and a laser controller (74); the laser controller (74) is connected to the sheet-shaped light source laser (71); the sheet-shaped light source laser (71) is installed on the upper end of the electric translation stage (72); the data acquisition and control system (4) comprises a computer (41), a CCD camera (73) and a controller (42); the CCD camera (73) is located on one side of the optical platform (9); and the computer (41) and the controller (42) are both connected to the CCD camera (73).

6. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drawing system (3) is provided with three hydraulic drawing machines (31), the three hydraulic drawing machines (31) are respectively connected to three cuttable anchor cable members (54), and the three hydraulic drawing machines (31) are all connected to the combined model box (1).

7. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cuttable anchor cable device (5) is provided with an anchoring section (55), a steel cable member located in the middle is provided through the anchoring section (55), a micro one-way lock buckle (53) is provided through the steel cable member located in the middle, the micro one-way lock buckle (53) and the anchoring section (55) are connected, an anchor head (51) is fixed to one end of the cuttable anchor cable member (54), and the anchor head (51) and the inclined end of the slope model (6) are in conflict.

8. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 7, characterized in that: The micro one-way lock buckle (53) is provided with a steel pipe (531) in which a disc (533) is slidably mounted. A return spring (532) is fixed to one side of the disc (533) and a side wall at one end of the steel pipe (531). Two oblique rods (534) are rotatably connected to the other side wall at the other end of the steel pipe (531) and the other side of the disc (533). A clamping plate (535) is rotatably connected between the two oblique rods (534) located in the same horizontal plane. The cuttable anchor cable (54) passes through the return spring (532), the disc (533) and the two clamping plates (535). The two clamping plates (535) are slidably mounted up and down.

9. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 8, characterized in that: A slope forming device (8) is installed at the upper end of the combined model box (1), and a rotating rod (82) is provided inside the slope forming device (8). A baffle (86) is fixed at the lower end of the rotating rod (82), and the baffle (86) is located inside the combined model box (1). The baffle (86) and the inclined end of the slope model (6) are in contact with each other. Clamps (85) are rotatably sleeved at both ends of the rotating rod (82), and two support plates (84) are fixed on opposite sides of the clamps (85). The support plates (84) and the upper end of the combined model box (1) are in contact with each other. A nut member (83) is screwed on one end of the rotating rod (82), and two end toothed discs (81) are installed on the other end of the rotating rod (82). A clamp (87) is installed inside the support plate (84).

10. The visual model test system for studying the prestressed anchor cable reinforcement of the accumulation body slope according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of the steel cable extending into the connection groove (5211) is fixed with a fixing tube, and the diameter of the fixing tube is greater than the diameter of the steel cable.

Images