A fertilization method for felled and dwarfed Chinese fir

Abstract

The application discloses a fertilizing method for felling and dwarfing Chinese fir, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizing of forest trees. The application adopts orthogonal test design, fixes nitrogen content, selects different concentrations of phosphorus and potassium two kinds of nutrient elements and gibberellin formula, discusses the influence of different proportions on seed yield and quality of felling and dwarfing Chinese fir with different fruit setting characteristics, and selects a more suitable formula, so that a scientific fertilizing scheme is provided for realizing high yield and stable yield of Chinese fir seed orchard.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fertilization of forest trees, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing. BACKGROUND

[0002] The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of Chinese fir is a relatively complex process, which is affected by various factors. Mineral nutrients are necessary nutrient elements in the growth process of forest trees. There are significant differences in Chinese fir clones after cutting and dwarfing. Some clones have more fruits, and the number of cones can reach more than 200, while some clones have only one cone, which seriously affects the yield of seeds in the seed orchard. Therefore, it is necessary to start from nutrition and explore the problem of nutrient regulation of Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing, so as to provide a theoretical basis for nutrient fertilization.

[0003] Studies have shown that a higher phosphorus content is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in flower buds. The biggest effect of phosphorus fertilizer on Chinese fir is to promote flower bud differentiation, early flowering and fruiting, promote root activity and improve cone quality, and has a good effect on the yield of cones in the later period. Potassium is beneficial to the synthesis of carbohydrates, and mainly acts in the late stage of flower bud differentiation. Therefore, during the development of cones and seeds of Chinese fir, a certain amount of potassium fertilizer should be supplemented to improve the quality of cones and seeds. Through correlation analysis, the need for potassium and phosphorus fertilizers of different fruiting type clones needs to be observed, so as to lay a foundation for scientific fertilization and realize high and stable yield of seed orchard.

[0004] Therefore, how to reasonably fertilize Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing, promote the vegetative growth of Chinese fir and improve the seed yield, not only can save cost, but also can promote yield, which is an urgent problem to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0005] The first purpose of the application is to improve the seed yield of Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing, reduce the phenomenon of large and small years, and select the best fertilization scheme for different fruiting types by orthogonal design of different fertilizer and hormone ratios, so as to better realize yield promotion.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0007] A fertilization method for Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing, different treatments of foliar spraying fertilizer and hormone are carried out on Chinese fir clones with different fruiting capacities after cutting and dwarfing, so as to promote the high yield and stable yield of Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing.

[0008] Further, the fertilizer is phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; the hormone is gibberellin.

[0009] Further, the concentration of phosphorus is respectively: 800mg / L, 1300mg / L, 1800mg / L; the concentration of potassium is respectively: 1500mg / L, 2000mg / L, 2500mg / L; the concentration of gibberellin is respectively: 50mg / L, 100mg / L, 150mg / L.

[0010] Further, for the clone with more seeds, the formula of applying fertilizer is: P is 800-1800mg / L, K is 1500-2500mg / L; the formula of applying hormone is: gibberellin is 50-150mg / L.

[0011] Further, for the clone with more seeds,

[0012] The formula adopted is: P is 1800mg / L; K is 2000mg / L; gibberellin is 50mg / L; P is 1800mg / L; K is 1500mg / L; gibberellin is 100mg / L; P is 1800mg / L; K is 2500mg / L; gibberellin is 150mg / L; P is 800mg / L; K is 2500mg / L; gibberellin is 100mg / L.

[0013] Further, for the clone with medium seeds, the formula of applying fertilizer is: P is 800-1800mg / L, K is 1500mg / L; the formula of applying hormone is: gibberellin is 50-150mg / L.

[0014] Further, for the clone with medium seeds, the formula adopted is: P is 1300mg / L; K is 1500mg / L; gibberellin is 150mg / L; P is 1800mg / L; K is 1500mg / L; gibberellin is 100mg / L; P is 800mg / L; K is 1500mg / L; gibberellin is 50mg / L.

[0015] Further, for the clone with less seeds, the formula of applying fertilizer is: P is 800-1800mg / L, K is 1500-2000mg / L; the formula of applying hormone is: gibberellin is 50-150mg / L.

[0016] Further, the formula adopted is: P is 1300mg / L; K is 1500mg / L; gibberellin is 150mg / L; P is 800mg / L; K is 2000mg / L; gibberellin is 150mg / L; P is 1800mg / L; K is 2000mg / L; gibberellin is 50mg / L.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are as follows:

[0018] (1) The total nitrogen content of the clone with more fruit setting was 1.37 g / 100 g in November 2021, 0.98 g / 100 g in July 2022, and 1.34 g / 100 g in November 2022; the total nitrogen content of the clone with medium fruit setting was 1.20 g / 100 g in November 2021, 1.34 g / 100 g in July 2022, and 1.21 g / 100 g in November 2022; and the total nitrogen content of the clone with less fruit setting was 1.12 g / 100 g in November 2021, 1.28 g / 100 g in July 2022, and 1.22 g / 100 g in November 2022. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the clone with more fruit setting was higher in July than in November, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the clone with medium and less fruit setting did not have significant differences between months, which may be because the clone with more fruit setting has more cones, so the carbon-nitrogen ratio changes greatly. The total nitrogen content of the clone with more fruit setting was higher in treatment 1, treatment 6 and treatment 9, which increased by 30.08% compared with the control; the total nitrogen content of the clone with medium fruit setting was higher in treatment 6, which increased by 50.60% compared with the control; and the total nitrogen content of the clone with less fruit setting was higher in treatment 2 and treatment 9, which increased by 28.89% compared with the control. In the present application, the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer is fixed, so the interaction of each element is needed to improve the efficacy of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0019] (2) The application can significantly improve the phosphorus content of Chinese fir, promote female flower differentiation, increase the number of fruiting branches, and thus promote yield increase. The total phosphorus content of most test strains with more, medium and less fruiting in July is significantly higher than that in November, because more phosphorus is needed for cone growth in July, and the need for phosphorus decreases in November, turning into vegetative growth and increasing the demand for nitrogen. The total phosphorus content of strains with more fruiting in treatments 2, 8 and 9 is increased by 35.12% compared with the control. Among the three treatments, the phosphorus concentration of treatments 8 and 9 is 1 (800 mg / L), and the phosphorus concentration of treatment 2 is 2 (1300 mg / L). The total phosphorus content of strains with medium fruiting in treatments 6, 8 and 9 is higher, which is increased by 31.18% compared with the control. The phosphorus concentration of treatments 8 and 9 is 1 (800 mg / L), and the phosphorus concentration of treatment 6 is 3 (1800 g / L). The total phosphorus content of strains with less fruiting in treatment 4 is increased by 25.31%, and the phosphorus concentration is 1 (800 mg / L), indicating that there is a significant difference in the absorption capacity of different clones for phosphorus. The needle phosphorus content of Chinese fir clones with strong fruiting ability is higher, indicating that the formation of female cones requires a large amount of phosphorus element, which is consistent with the development of female cones of Pinus massoniana. However, too high a concentration of phosphorus fertilizer will reduce the total phosphorus content in the needles of clones with strong fruiting ability. For clones with medium fruiting, a higher concentration of phosphorus can increase the total phosphorus content in the needles. For clones with less fruiting, because the number of female cones is small, a higher concentration of phosphorus is not needed. Considering economic benefits, an application amount of 800 mg / L or 1300 mg / L can meet the needs of different fruiting characteristics of Chinese fir clones with cut stumps and dwarfization.

[0020] (3) The application can effectively improve the number of cones of clones with more fruiting, which is treatment 9, increased by 2 times compared with the control. The formula for clones with medium fruiting is treatment 9, increased by 1.5 times compared with the control. The best formula for clones with less fruiting is treatment 6, increased by 2.5 times compared with the control. Therefore, in seed orchards, cones are an important factor in determining seed yield. Increasing the number of cones in seed orchards and reducing the size of seed orchards can ensure high and stable yield.

[0021] (4) The higher the seed germination rate, the better the seed quality. Increasing the seed germination rate can improve the production of Chinese fir seedlings. For clones with more fruiting, treatments 3 and 8 can improve the seed germination rate and germination index. For clones with medium fruiting, treatments 1, 2 and 3 can improve the seed germination rate and germination index. For clones with less fruiting, treatments 2 and 3 can promote the seed germination rate and germination index.

[0022] (5) For the more seedling type, treatment 2, 3 and 9 can improve the good seed rate, reduce the astringent seed rate and empty seed rate; for the medium seedling type, treatment 3 and 5 can improve the good seed rate; for the less seedling type, treatment 2 and 5 can improve the good seed rate and reduce the astringent seed rate and empty seed rate.

[0023] (6) The size of seed character represents the amount of nutrients in the seed, which affects the seed dissemination and germination, and has a great influence on the seedling settlement, survival, later growth and adaptability. For the more seedling type, treatment 1 and 4 can significantly improve the seed phenotype value, which is increased by 25.78% compared with the control. For the medium seedling type, treatment 5 and 9 can significantly improve the seed phenotype value. For the less seedling type, treatment 1 can significantly improve the seed phenotype value, which is increased by 34.54% compared with the control. The appropriate proportion can effectively improve the seed shape of the cut-stump dwarfed Cunninghamia lanceolata clone and improve the seed quality.

[0024] (7) For the more seedling type, the female flower growth of treatment 8 is the largest. For the medium seedling type, the female flower growth of treatment 6 is the largest. For the less seedling type, the female flower growth of treatment 3 is the largest. It can be seen that the demand for fertilizer is different for different seed characteristics. The flower amount is not only affected by the nutrient status, but also by the genetic factors of the tree body, which is consistent with the research results of Pinus massoniana. If the amount of each fertilizer is unbalanced, it will cause the imbalance of nutrient absorption in the body of Cunninghamia lanceolata, and then affect the differentiation of flower bud.

[0025] (8) Fertilization is an important measure to promote the nutrient growth of Chinese fir and increase seed yield. Reasonable fertilization can not only save cost, but also promote production. In order to improve the seed yield of Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing and reduce the phenomenon of large and small years, different fertilizer and hormone ratios are designed through orthogonal design to find the best fertilization scheme for different seed setting types. Through test, investigation and analysis, different ratios of fertilizer + hormone can be applied according to the needs of Chinese fir with different seed setting capacity. In this test, L9(33) is used, and three factors of phosphorus, potassium and gibberellin are used. The three levels of phosphorus are 800 mg / L, 1300 mg / L and 1800 mg / L, the three levels of potassium are 1500 mg / L, 2000 mg / L and 2500 mg / L, and the three levels of gibberellin are 50 mg / L, 100 mg / L and 150 mg / L, which are combined into 9 treatments. The nitrogen content of the clone with more seed setting, medium seed setting and most seed setting decreases in July, and increases in November; the total phosphorus and potassium contents are higher in July than in November. For the clone with more seed setting, four formulas of treatment 5, treatment 6, treatment 8 and treatment 9 can be used to improve the nutrient level of branches (the nitrogen content is increased by 25.07%, the phosphorus content is increased by 79.06%, and the potassium content is increased by 12.71%), and the quality of seed setting is improved (the number of cones is increased by 256, and the astringent particle rate of seeds is reduced by 37.29%); for the clone with medium seed setting, three formulas of treatment 3, treatment 6 and treatment 9 can be used, and the nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content are increased by 13.15%, 56.61% and 41.31% respectively, the number of cones is increased by 212, and the astringent particle rate of seeds is reduced by 20.56%; for the clone with less seed setting, three formulas of treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 can be used, and the nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content are increased by 18.54%, 36.57% and 26.56% respectively, the number of cones is increased by 82, and the astringent particle rate of seeds is reduced by 19.67%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The number of cones of the A group treatment in 2022 is increased.

[0027] Figure 2 The number of cones of the B group treatment in 2022 is increased.

[0028] Figure 3 The number of cones of the C group treatment in 2022 is increased.

[0029] Figure 4 The seed yield rate statistics chart of the A group treatment in 2021 and 2022 is shown.

[0030] Figure 5 The seed yield rate statistics chart of the B group treatment in 2021 and 2022 is shown.

[0031] Figure 6 The seed yield rate statistics chart of the C group treatment in 2021 and 2022.

[0032] Figure 7 The 100-grain weight and control growth rate comparison statistics chart of the A group treatment in 2021 and 2022;

[0033] Figure 8 The 100-grain weight and control growth rate comparison statistics chart of the B group treatment in 2021 and 2022;

[0034] Figure 9 The 100-grain weight and control growth rate comparison statistics chart of the C group treatment in 2021 and 2022.

[0035] Figure 10 The male / female flower number comparison chart of the A / B / C group treatment in 2022 and 2023;

[0036] Among them, A1 is the female flower number comparison chart of the A group treatment in 2022 and 2023; A2 is the male flower number comparison chart of the A group treatment in 2022 and 2023; B1 is the female flower number comparison chart of the B group treatment in 2022 and 2023; B2 is the male flower number comparison chart of the B group treatment in 2022 and 2023; C1 is the female flower number comparison chart of the C group treatment in 2022 and 2023; C2 is the male flower number comparison of the C group treatment in 2022 and 2023. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below.

[0038] The experimental materials are taken from the 4th generation of Cunninghamia lanceolata germplasm resource library in Yangkou Forest Farm, Shunchang County, Nanping City, Fujian Province (a total of 608 clones), which is grafted in February 2015, March-April 2016 and February-March 2017; the library is built by using artificial strip land preparation, with a strip width of 1.2 m; the hole size is 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm; the plant spacing is 3 m x 3 m.

[0039] According to the overall seed setting amount of the clones in the library, 9 clones with stumps cut and dwarfed are selected. Yang No. 50, No. 246 and No. 324 are three clones with less seed setting amount; No. 199, No. 307 and No. 244 are three clones with moderate seed setting amount; No. 171, No. 178 and No. 281 are three clones with more seed setting amount. Three trees are selected as test trees from each clone, and one tree is randomly selected as a control tree, a total of 36 experimental trees. The number of strobili of various types of clones is counted. The specific clone numbers are shown in Table 1. Three branches of vegetative branches and three branches of reproductive branches are collected from each test tree.

[0040] Table 1: Experimental clone number and fruiting characteristics

[0041]

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Clone 171, 178 and 281 with more fruiting were classified as group A, clone 199, 244 and 307 with medium fruiting were classified as group B, and clone Yang 50, 246 and 324 with less fruiting were classified as group C. Orthogonal design was used for each group, with L9(3 3 ), three factors and three levels, a total of 9 treatments; one water treatment was used as a control for each clone. Fertilization was performed four times, in July 2021 and in April, May and July 2022, during the fruit development period and flower bud differentiation period, with 1000 ml of foliar fertilizer sprayed per tree, as shown in Tables 2, 3(A group), (B group) and (C group) below:

[0046] Table 2: Factors and levels

[0047] Factor Factor A Factor B Factor C Level P (mg / L) K (mg / L) Gibberellin ((mg / L) 1 800 1500 50 2 1300 2000 100 3 1800 2500 150

[0048] After fertilization, branches from 36 trees of the 9 clones were collected in November 2021, July and November 2022 for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium determination. The number of female and male flowers was investigated in March 2022 and March 2023. In November 2021 and November 2022, cones from the experimental trees were harvested and analyzed for cone number, cone fresh weight, total seed weight, 100-seed weight, seed category, seed germination rate, seed germination index, cone size, and seed size.

[0049] The determination methods for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are as follows,

[0050] (1) Potassium dichromate oxidation - external heating method for carbon content determination

[0051] Take 0.0250 g of the dried and ground Chinese fir leaf powder into a test tube, add 6 mL of 0.8000 mol / L potassium dichromate standard solution (V1) and 6 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and shake well. Preheat the oil bath to 185-190℃, insert the test tube containing the sample into the iron wire cage, and then put it into the oil bath (model: LC-OB-2L) with a temperature of 170-180℃. Keep boiling for 5 min, then take out the iron wire cage. After the test tube cools down, wipe off the oil on the outside of the test tube with a clean paper. If the solution is orange yellow or yellow green, wash the mixture in the test tube into a 50 mL conical flask after cooling, so that the volume in the flask is about 80 mL. Add 3-4 drops of phenanthroline indicator. Titrate with 0.2 mol / L ferrous sulfate solution until the solution changes from orange yellow to blue green to brown red. Record the amount of ferrous sulfate solution used (V). For each batch of analysis, perform 3 blank calibrations. For the blank calibration, do not add leaf sample, but add 0.0250 g of quartz sand, and follow the same steps as for the leaf sample. Record the amount of ferrous sulfate solution used (V0). Calculate the organic carbon content according to the following formula:

[0052] Calculation formula:

[0053] Wherein, w-organic carbon content, g / 100 g;

[0054] 0.8000-concentration of potassium dichromate standard solution, mol / L;

[0055] V1-volume of potassium dichromate standard solution, mL;

[0056] V0-volume of ferrous sulfate solution used for blank calibration, mL;

[0057] V-volume of ferrous sulfate solution used for titration of leaf sample, mL;

[0058] Molar mass of carbon atom, g / mmol;

[0059] m-mass of dried leaf sample, g.

[0060] (2) Determination of nitrogen content by Kjeldahl method

[0061] The fir leaves were dried in an oven (model: DHG-9075A) for 30 min, the temperature was kept at 80-90°C, then cooled to 60-70°C, remove moisture; the dried leaves were crushed in a crusher, passed through a 40 mesh sieve and mixed uniformly, ready for use. 0.2 g of uniform leaf dry sample was weighed into a 100 mL digestion tube. After wetting with 1 mL of water, 5 mL of H2SO4 was added and shaken well; 2 mL of H2O2 was added twice, shaken well; cover the funnel, after the intense reaction is over, place it in the digestion furnace and heat to digest, so that the solid matter disappears into a solution; when the solution is brown, stop heating. After cooling, add 10 drops of H2O2 and continue heating for about 5 min, cool, then add 10 drops of H2O2 and digest. Repeat until the solution is colorless or clear, then continue heating for 5 min to remove excess H2O2. After cooling, transfer the digestion solution in the digestion tube to a 100 mL volumetric flask with water, and dilute to volume. After standing, the clear solution A is obtained for the determination of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).

[0062] Start the nitrogen determination instrument (model: KC-KDN-08C), set the nitrogen determination instrument analysis program, accurately take 10.00 mL of the sample solution A in the digestion tube, and place the digestion tube in the instrument. Perform distillation according to the requirements of the nitrogen determination instrument, first perform blank detection, after distillation is completed, titrate the distillate with 0.02 mol / L hydrochloric acid, the color changes to red purple as the titration endpoint, record the hydrochloric acid consumption. Calculate the nitrogen content according to the formula:

[0063] Calculation formula:

[0064] Where: c- hydrochloric acid titration solution concentration, mol / L;

[0065] V2- volume of standard acid solution consumed by the sample, mL;

[0066] V0- volume of standard acid solution consumed by the blank solution B, mL;

[0067] V1- volume of sample solution A taken during distillation, mL;

[0068] V- volume of sample solution A after dilution, mL;

[0069] m- sample mass, g;

[0070] 0.0140- molar mass of nitrogen x 10 -3 .

[0071] (3) Determination of phosphorus content by molybdenum acid colorimetry

[0072] Phosphorus (P) standard curve: standard phosphorus standard solution (5 mg / L) was taken 0.0 mL, 1.0 mL, 2.0 mL, 3.0 mL, 4.0 mL and 5.0 mL into 50 mL volumetric flask, 10 mL blank digestion solution (B) was added, and water was added to about 30 mL; 1 drop of dinitrophenol indicator was added; 240 g / L sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to neutralize to yellow, then 10.0 mL vanadium ammonium molybdate solution was added, shaken well, and water was added to constant volume, to obtain 0.0 mg / L, 0.1 mg / L, 0.2 mg / L, 0.3 mg / L, 0.4 mg / L and 0.5 mg / L phosphorus (P) standard series solution. It was placed at room temperature above 15°C for 30 min, and the absorbance was measured at wavelength 450 nm by spectrophotometer (Fisher instrument D-7). The linear regression equation was calculated with phosphorus (P) mass concentration as abscissa and absorbance value as ordinate.

[0073] Sample test: 10.0 mL (V1) of the sample solution A was accurately taken into a 50 mL (V2) volumetric flask, and water was added to about 30 mL, 1 drop of dinitrophenol indicator was added, and 240 g / L sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to neutralize to yellow; then 10.0 mL vanadium ammonium molybdate solution was added, shaken well, and water was added to constant volume. It was placed at room temperature above 15°C for 30 min, and the absorbance was measured at wavelength 450 nm by spectrophotometer, to calculate the phosphorus (P) content in the sample solution by the linear regression equation, and the mass fraction of phosphorus (P) was calculated by the formula.

[0074] Calculation formula:

[0075] Wherein: ρ - phosphorus (P) mass concentration in the sample solution A, mg / L;

[0076] V - constant volume of the sample solution A, mL;

[0077] V1 - volume of the sample solution A, mL;

[0078] V2 - constant volume of the color developing solution, mL;

[0079] m - sample mass, g.

[0080] (4) Determination of potassium content by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry

[0081] Potassium (K) standard curve: 0.0 mL, 2.0 mL, 5.0 mL, 10.0 mL, 20.0 mL, 30.0 mL, 40.0 mL and 50.0 mL of potassium standard solution were taken into a 100 mL volumetric flask, respectively, and diluted to the mark to obtain 0.0 mg / L, 2.0 mg / L, 5.0 mg / L, 10.0 mg / L, 20.0 mg / L, 30.0 mg / L, 40.0 mg / L and 50.0 mg / L potassium standard series solutions. The above standard series solutions were sequentially taken into the atomization system of the flame spectrophotometer (model: FSP6620), and the 0.00 mg / L solution was used to adjust the zero point. The absorbance of the potassium standard series solutions was measured. The absorbance was used as the vertical coordinate, and the mass concentration of the potassium standard series solutions was used as the horizontal coordinate to calculate the linear regression equation.

[0082] Sample test: 5 mL (V1) of the test solution A was taken into a 50 mL (V2) volumetric flask, 2 mL of cesium chloride solution was added, diluted with water and diluted to the mark, and shaken well. The solution was taken into the atomization system of the flame spectrophotometer, and the reagent blank solution B was used to adjust the zero point. The potassium (K) content in the test solution was calculated from the linear regression equation by the measured absorbance value, and the mass fraction of potassium (K) was calculated by the formula:

[0083] Calculation formula:

[0084] Wherein: ρ - the mass concentration of potassium (K) in the test solution A, mg / L;

[0085] ρ0 - the mass concentration of potassium (K) in the reagent blank solution B, mg / L;

[0086] V - the constant volume of the test solution A, mL;

[0087] V1 - the volume of the test solution A, mL;

[0088] V2 - the constant volume of the color developing solution, mL;

[0089] m - the mass of the sample, g.

[0090] The nutrient analysis of the cut stumps of the dwarf clones showed that there was no difference in nitrogen content, so the nitrogen element was fixed at 10000 mg / L in the fertilization design.

[0091] Table 3 orthogonal test design (group A)

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Table 3 orthogonal test design (group B)

[0095] Treatment Clone No. P (mg / L) K (mg / L) Gibberellin ((mg / L) 7 199-1 1800 2500 150 4 199 upside down 4 800 2000 150 5 199 upside down 5 1800 2000 50 CK 199 upside down 2 Water / / 9 244-11 800 1500 50 6 244-5 1800 1500 100 8 244-6 800 2500 100 CK 244-2 Water / / 1 307-1 mountain 1300 2000 100 2 307-3 mountain top 1300 2500 50 3 307-3 mountain 1300 1500 150 CK 307-4 mountain Water / /

[0096] Table 3 Orthogonal test design (group C)

[0097] Treatment Clone No. P (mg / L) K (mg / L) Gibberellin ((mg / L) 1 Yang 50-4 1300 2000 100 2 Yang 50-3 1300 2500 50 3 Yang 50-5 1300 1500 150 CK Yang 50 upside down 4 Water / / 7 246-12 1800 2500 150 4 246-5 800 2000 150 5 246-6 1800 2000 50 CK 246-7 Water / / 9 324-2 800 1500 50 6 324 upside down 3 1800 1500 100 8 324 upside down 1 800 2500 100 CK 324-7 Water / /

[0098] Results and analysis

[0099] Effects of different fertilization treatments on total nitrogen content and carbon-nitrogen ratio in the needles of Cunninghamia lanceolata

[0100] In the nutritional chemical diagnosis of plants, the diagnosis of total nitrogen in plants is the earliest and most sufficient. It can well reflect the status of plant nitrogen, which is the main component of protein and plays a primary role in plant life, and has been called a life element. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in the growth and development of Cunninghamia lanceolata leaves, and is also closely related to yield. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of plants is closely related to reproductive growth and vegetative growth. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, the plant enters reproductive growth, and vice versa, it enters vegetative growth.

[0101] Table 4 is the multiple comparison of total nitrogen content in the needles of different plants in different months and different treatments in group A. There are significant differences in nitrogen content among different months and different treatments (p=0.0002). For different months, the total nitrogen content of most experimental plants in July is significantly lower than that in November. For different treatments, in November 2021, the total nitrogen content of Cunninghamia lanceolata leaves in treatment 1 and treatment 3 is higher than that in the water treatment, and the total nitrogen content in treatment 1 is the highest, which is N10000mg / L:P1300mg / L:K2000mg / L: gibberellin 100mg / L; The nitrogen content of treatment 6 is significantly lower than that of the control, which is N10000mg / L:P1800mg / L:K1500mg / L: gibberellin 100mg / L. In July 2022, the nitrogen content of treatment 6 is slightly higher than that of the control, and the nitrogen content of treatment 8 is the lowest. In November 2022, the total nitrogen content of treatment 4 is the lowest, which is 0.98g / 100g, and the ratio is N10000mg / L:P800mg / L:K2000mg / L: gibberellin 150mg / L; The total nitrogen content of treatment 9 is the highest, which is 1.71g / 100g, and the ratio is N10000mg / L:P800mg / L:K1500mg / L: gibberellin 50mg / L.

[0102] Table 5 is the multiple comparison of the total nitrogen content of the needles of the plants of different treatments in different months of Group B. For different treatments, in November 2021, the total nitrogen content of treatment 1 was the highest, reaching 1.37 g / 100 g; the total nitrogen content of treatment 7 was the lowest, reaching 0.81 g / 100 g. In July 2022, the total nitrogen content of treatment 1 was also the highest, reaching 1.71 g / 100 g; the total nitrogen content of treatment 8 was the lowest, reaching 1.09 g / 100 g. In November 2022, the total nitrogen content of treatment 6 was the highest, and the total nitrogen content of treatment 4 was significantly lower than that of the control. For different months, the total nitrogen content in November 2022 was relatively higher than that in July 2022.

[0103] Table 6 is the multiple comparison of the total nitrogen content of the needles of the plants of different treatments in different months of Group C. For different treatments, in November 2021, the total nitrogen content of treatment 2 was the highest, reaching 1.56 g / 100 g, and the ratio was N10000 mg / L:P1300 mg / L:K2500 mg / L:Gibberellin 50 mg / L; the total nitrogen content of treatment 6 was the lowest, reaching 0.71 g / 100 g. In July 2022, the total nitrogen content of treatment 7 was the lowest, reaching 0.99 g / 100 g, and the total nitrogen content of treatment 3 was the highest, reaching 1.34 g / 100 g. In November 2022, the total nitrogen content of treatment 2 was the highest, reaching 1.53 g / 100 g, and the total nitrogen content of treatment 4 was the lowest, reaching 0.90 g / 100 g. The total nitrogen content was not significantly different between different months.

[0104] Table 4 is the multiple comparison of the total nitrogen content (g / 100 g) of the cut-off dwarfed Chinese fir clones in different months and under different fertilization treatments (Group A).

[0105] Treatment Nitrogen content in November 2021 Nitrogen content in July 2022 Nitrogen content in November 2022 1 1.67±0.38 Ba 1.17±0.32 Bab 1.40±0.12 Bbc 2 1.25±0.05 Bcd 0.91±0.03 Cbc 1.45±0.23 Abc 3 1.62±0.23 Aa 0.86±0.04 Bc 1.53±0.08 Aab 4 1.22±0.13 Acd 1.18±0.17 Aab 0.98±0.09 Be 5 1.19±0.03 Acd 1.09±0.07 Babc 1.03±0.02 Ce 6 1.16±0.18 Bd 1.19±0.38 Bab 1.54±0.02 Aab 7 1.36±0.01 Abcd 0.95±0.5 Aabc 1.29±0.2 Acd 8 1.54±0.15 Aab 0.85±0.03 Cc 1.16±0.18 Bde 9 1.24±0.26 Acd 0.98±0.19 Babc 1.71±0.20 Aa Water 1.38±0.07 Bbc 0.53±0.12 Bb 1.48±0.02 Abc Water 1.60±0.14 Aa 0.93±0.04 Babc 1.41±0.39 Abc Water 1.30±0.08 Acd 1.21±0.36 Aa 1.08±0.05 Ae

[0106] Table 5 is the multiple comparison of the total nitrogen content (g / 100 g) of the cut-off dwarfed Chinese fir clones in different months and under different fertilization treatments (Group B).

[0107] Treatment Nitrogen content in November 2021 Nitrogen content in July 2022 Nitrogen content in November 2022 1 1.37±0.25 Aab 1.71±0.52 Aab 1.48±0.02 Aabcd 2 1.28±0.12 Ab 1.33±0.05 Ab 1.23±0.20 Aef 3 1.22±0.05 Ab 1.35±0.14 Ab 1.40±0.16 Abcde 4 1.23±0.11 Bb 1.41±0.07 Bb 1.56±0.08 Aab 5 1.19±0.20 Ab 1.19±0.02 Bb 1.52±0.07 Aabc 6 1.25±0.08 Ab 1.36±0.17 Ab 1.19±0.17 Aef 7 0.81±0.08 Ac 1.30±0.02 Ac 1.25±0.23 Adef 8 1.32±0.21 Ab 1.09±0.14 Bb 1.11±0.06 Bf 9 1.24 ± 0.11 Ab 1.31 ± 0.17 Ab 1.30 ± 0.43 Acdef Water 1.54 ± 0.42 Aa 1.29 ± 0.12 Aa 1.67 ± 0.35 Aa Water 0.83 ± 0.1 Bc 1.38 ± 0.08 Aa 1.27 ± 0.16 Adef Water 1.20 ± 0.11 Bb 1.15 ± 0.40 Bb 1.68 ± 0.07 Aa

[0108] Table 6 is the multiple comparison of the total nitrogen content (g / 100 g) of the cut-off dwarfed Chinese fir clones in different months and under different fertilization treatments (Group C).

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] From May to November every year is the most vigorous period of growth of Chinese fir, and a lot of energy is needed for flower bud differentiation, heading, cone enlargement and seed material accumulation. From the beginning of cone development, the amount of nitrogen absorption gradually increases to supply cones and seeds, and the branches of the clone with more fruit need more nitrogen for reproductive growth. The application of treatments 1 and 9 can significantly increase the nitrogen content in the needles of the Chinese fir clone with more fruit, because the medium-low level of potassium fertilizer and the medium-low level of gibberellin promote the absorption of nitrogen elements by plants; the application of treatments 1 and 6 can significantly increase the nitrogen content in the needles of the Chinese fir clone with medium fruit, because the medium-high level of phosphorus fertilizer and the medium level of gibberellin promote the absorption of nitrogen elements by plants; the application of treatments 2 and 3 can significantly increase the nitrogen content in the needles of the Chinese fir clone with less fruit, because the medium level of phosphorus fertilizer can promote the absorption of nitrogen elements by plants.

[0112] The carbon-nitrogen ratio is an important factor affecting the reproductive growth and vegetative growth of plants. For the clone with more fruit, the carbon-nitrogen ratio was between 29.35 and 42.53 in November 2021, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 6 was the highest, with a ratio of N10000 mg / L:P1800 mg / L:K1500 mg / L:Gibberellin 100 mg / L; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 1 was the lowest, with a ratio of N10000 mg / L:P1300 mg / L:K2000 mg / L:Gibberellin 100 mg / L. In July 2022, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the control was the highest, with a content of 91.40, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 7 was the second highest, with a content of 64.59. In November 2022, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 5 was the highest, with a content of 46.84, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 9 was the lowest, with a content of 30.73. In different months, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in July 2022 was higher than that in November 2022. Because July is the key period for the development of cones and seeds, and the reproductive growth is vigorous, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is relatively high (Table 7).

[0113] For the clone with medium fruit, the carbon-nitrogen ratio was between 29.78 and 60.64 in November 2021, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 7 was the highest, with a content of 60.64; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 2 was the lowest, with a content of 29.94. In July 2022, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 8 was the highest, with a content of 43.25, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 1 was the lowest, with a content of 29.50. In November 2022, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of treatment 8 was the highest, with a content of 46.13. The average carbon-nitrogen ratio in November 2021 was 33.77, the average carbon-nitrogen ratio in July 2022 was 29.31, and the average carbon-nitrogen ratio in November 2022 was 31.46, with no significant difference (Table 8).

[0114] For less fruitful clones, in November 2021, treatment 6 had the highest C:N ratio of 73.42, and treatment 2 had the lowest C:N ratio of 31.09. In July 2022, treatment 4 had the highest C:N ratio of 52.13, and treatment 3 had the lowest C:N ratio of 27.86. In November 2022, treatment 4 had the highest C:N ratio of 56.09, and treatment 2 had the lowest C:N ratio of 32.37. The average C:N ratio in November 2021 was 47.16, in July 2022 was 38.56, and in November 2022 was 36.56, showing a downward trend, which may be due to the weak reproductive growth of less fruitful clones, with fewer male or female strobili (Table 9).

[0115] Table 7 Multiple comparison of C:N ratio in different months and different fertilization treatments for dwarfed Chinese fir clones with cut stumps (Group A)

[0116] Treatment Carbon to nitrogen ratio November 2021 Carbon to nitrogen ratio July 2022 Carbon to nitrogen ratio November 2022 1 29.69 ± 7.22 Bef 40.89 ± 8.04 Ad 36.40 ± 3.73 ABcd 2 35.05 ± 1.28 Bcdef 52.20 ± 2.59 Abcd 36.07 ± 5.31 Bcde 3 29.35 ± 3.25 Cf 56.65 ± 3.40 Abc 33.32 ± 2.16 Bde 4 41.67 ± 6.36 Bab 41.75 ± 7.03 Bcd 49.7 ± 3.76 Aa 5 36.63 ± 0.89 Cbc 41.7 ± 1.36 Bcd 46.84 ± 0.62 Aa 6 45.77 ± 9.58 Aa 43.45 ± 13.17 Acd 33.64 ± 0.38 Ade 7 35.97 ± 1.81 Bbcde 64.59 ± 33.4 Ab 40.22 ± 6.22 Bbc 8 34.76 ± 3.9 Ccdef 56.89 ± 2.46 Abc 45.88 ± 7.26 Ba 9 41.53 ± 10.73 Aab 49.53 ± 8.34 Abcd 30.73 ± 3.82 Be Water 31.39 ± 3.08 Bdef 91.40 ± 22.29 Aa 34.95 ± 0.64 Bcde Water 31.38 ± 1.39 Bdef 51.24 ± 1.82 Abcd 38.45 ± 10.1 Bcd Water 40.38 ± 3.65 Aabc 40.88 ± 11.01 Ad 45.45 ± 2.07 Aab

[0117] Table 8 Multiple comparison of C:N ratio in different months and different fertilization treatments for dwarfed Chinese fir clones with cut stumps (Group B)

[0118] Treatment Carbon to nitrogen ratio November 2021 Carbon to nitrogen ratio July 2022 Carbon to nitrogen ratio November 2022 1 29.78 ± 6.61 Ae 29.50 ± 8.64 Ae 33.19 ± 0.49 Acde 2 29.94 ± 1.63 Bde 29.53 ± 6.12 Be 42.17 ± 6.26 Aab 3 35.35 ± 2.64 Abcde 35.15 ± 2.74 Acde 34.93 ± 3.22 Acde 4 39.43 ± 8.37 Abc 32.65 ± 0.41 Bde 32.40 ± 0.89 Bde 5 36.67 ± 1.99 Bbc 39.93 ± 1.00 Aabc 33.70 ± 1.17 Ccde 6 40.78 ± 1.36 Ab 33.60 ± 2.48 Bcde 42.30 ± 6.43 Aab 7 60.64 ± 1.21 Aa 36.47 ± 0.33 Bbcde 41.61 ± 9.00 Bab 8 36.58 ± 5.61 Bbc 43.25 ± 6.88 Aab 46.13 ± 2.01 Aa 9 39.10 ± 2.78 Abc 35.79 ± 6.21 Acde 37.94 ± 8.85 Abcd Water 35.97 ± 11.23 Abcd 38.23 ± 4.66 Aabcd 32.05 ± 6.65 Ade Water 56.35 ± 4.90 Aa 33.79 ± 3.3 Ccde 39.10 ± 3.59 Bbc Water 33.49 ± 3.41 Bcde 44.84 ± 14.08 Aa 29.52 ± 1.05 Be

[0119] Table 9 Multiple comparison of C:N ratio in different months and different fertilization treatments for dwarfed Chinese fir clones with cut stumps (Group C)

[0120] Treatment Carbon:Nitrogen ratio November 2021 Carbon:Nitrogen ratio July 2022 Carbon:Nitrogen ratio November 2022 1 41.20 ± 5.22 Aefg 33.07 ± 6.03 ABefg 38.34 ± 1.88 Befg 2 31.09 ± 1.67 Ah 35.32 ± 5.83 Ah 32.37 ± 4.46 Ah 3 42.18 ± 3.57 Aefg 27.86 ± 6.79 Befg 38.46 ± 5.08 Aefg 4 57.32 ± 7.36 Abc 52.13 ± 2.90 Abc 56.09 ± 8.19 Abc 5 49.08 ± 2.05 Acde 44.92 ± 1.94 Bcde 39.78 ± 4.69 Ccde 6 73.42 ± 24.67 ABa 30.65 ± 30.26 Ba 27.04 ± 36.42 Ba 7 53.1 ± 4.33 Abcd 47.24 ± 2.26 Bbcd 42.77 ± 3.73 Cbcd 8 38.73 ± 4.42 Afgh 35.62 ± 12.3 Bfgh 49.02 ± 8.04 Afgh 9 44.12 ± 6.74 Adef 31.53 ± 5.28 Bdef 39.03 ± 2.96 Adef Water 59.53 ± 2.64 Ab 54.81 ± 1.15 Bb Water 33.3 ± 2.57 Agh 37.56 ± 4.62 Agh 36.51 ± 0.56 Agh Water 45.31 ± 7.67 Adef 32.08 ± 1.55 Bdef 43.76 ± 2.18 Adef

[0121] Effect of different fertilization treatments on total phosphorus content in Chinese fir needles

[0122] The biggest effect of phosphorus fertilizer on Chinese fir is to promote flower bud differentiation, early flowering and fruiting, improve root activity and improve cone quality, and has good effect on late cone yield.

[0123] For more fruitful clones, in November 2021, treatment 2 had the highest total phosphorus content of 7.47 g / 100g, and only treatment 8 was lower than the control, with 0.08 g / 100g, and the other treatments were higher than the control. In July 2022, treatment 1 had the highest phosphorus content of 8.38 g / 100g. In November 2022, treatment 8 had the highest phosphorus content of 4.27 g / 100g. In the same year, the phosphorus content in July was mostly higher than that in November (Table 10).

[0124] For the medium fruiting clone, in November 2021, the phosphorus content of treatment 5 was the highest, reaching 3.53 g / 100 g; the phosphorus contents of treatment 4 and treatment 7 were the lowest, reaching 0.03 g / 100 g. In July 2022, the phosphorus content of treatment 8 was the highest, reaching 3.86 g / 100 g, and the phosphorus content of treatment 5 was the lowest, reaching 0.04 g / 100 g, and the phosphorus contents of treatment 4, treatment 8 and treatment 9 were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In November 2022, the phosphorus contents of treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 5 were higher than those of the control, the phosphorus content of treatment 2 was the highest, reaching 3.64 g / 100 g, and the phosphorus content of treatment 4 was the lowest, reaching 0.09 g / 100 g (Table 11).

[0125] For the less fruiting clone, in November 2021, the phosphorus content of treatment 4 was the highest, reaching 7.17 g / 100 g, and the phosphorus content of treatment 3 was the lowest, reaching 0.56 g / 100 g. In July 2022, the phosphorus content of treatment 5 was the highest, reaching 7.32 g / 100 g, and the phosphorus content of treatment 3 was the lowest, reaching 0.06 g / 100 g. In November 2022, the phosphorus content of treatment 3 was the highest, reaching 4.03 g / 100 g, and the phosphorus content of treatment 7 was the lowest, reaching 0.09 g / 100 g (Table 12).

[0126] Table 10 Multiple comparison of total phosphorus content (g / 100 g) in the cut-off dwarfed Cunninghamia lanceolata clones in different months and under different treatment fertilization (Group A)

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] Table 11 Multiple comparison of phosphorus content (g / 100 g) in the cut-off dwarfed Cunninghamia lanceolata clones in different months and under different treatment fertilization (Group B)

[0130] Treatment Phosphorus content November 2021 Phosphorus content July 2022 Phosphorus content November 2022 1 0.19 ± 0.08 Abc 1.01 ± 1.00 Bbc 0.13 ± 0.03 Bd 2 2.96 ± 2.91 ABa 0.13 ± 0.06 Bc 3.64 ± 0.16 Ad 3 0.05 ± 0.02 Bc 0.08 ± 0.00 Bc 0.59 ± 0.15 Ad 4 0.03 ± 0.01 Bc 3.74 ± 4.08 Aa 0.09 ± 0.09 Bb 5 3.53 ± 3.81 Aa 0.04 ± 0.02 Bc 1.35 ± 0.26 Bbcd 6 3.21 ± 0.73 Aa 0.07 ± 0.06 Bc 0.71 ± 0.5 Bcd 7 0.03 ± 0.00 Bc 1.18 ± 1.27 Abc 0.15 ± 0.07 Bb 8 0.05 ± 0.02 Bc 3.86 ± 0.18 Aa 4.97 ± 0.27 Aa 9 0.04 ± 0.02 Bc 2.93 ± 0.66 Aab 3.37 ± 0.65 Aab Water 0.11 ± 0.05 Abc 0.23 ± 0.14 Ac 0.17 ± 0.12 Ab Water 0.19 ± 0.08 Bbc 2.62 ± 2.66 Bab 2.86 ± 2.61 Aabc Water 2.13 ± 0.09 Aab 0.02 ± 0.00 Bc 0.16 ± 0.04 Bd

[0131] Table 12 Multiple comparison of phosphorus content (g / 100 g) in the cut-off dwarfed Cunninghamia lanceolata clones in different months and under different treatment fertilization (Group C)

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] Effect of different fertilization treatments on total potassium content in Cunninghamia lanceolata needles

[0135] Applying potassium fertilizer can promote the robustness of Cunninghamia lanceolata branches, improve the quality of seeds, and enhance their cold resistance. When potassium supply is insufficient, the stress resistance of plants is weakened, and they are easily attacked by diseases, and the quality of seeds may decrease.

[0136] In November 2021, among the clones that produced more seeds, Treatment 1 had the highest potassium content at 0.52 g / 100 g. In July 2022, the potassium content varied little among the treatments, with Treatment 5 having the highest potassium content at 0.77 g / 100 g, with a ratio of N 10000 mg / L: P 1800 mg / L: K 2000 mg / L: Gibberellin 50 mg / L. In November 2022, Treatment 1 had the highest potassium content at 0.53 g / 100 g, with a ratio of N 10000 mg / L: P 1300 mg / L: K 2000 mg / L: Gibberellin 100 mg / L (Table 13).

[0137] For clones with moderate fruit set, in November 2021, Treatment 5 had the highest potassium content at 0.78 g / 100 g, while Treatments 2 and 9 had the lowest at 0.51 g / 100 g. In July 2022, Treatment 9 had the highest potassium content at 1.01 g / 100 g, with a ratio of N 10000 mg / L: P 800 mg / L: K 1500 mg / L: gibberellin 50 mg / L. In November 2022, Treatment 7 had the highest potassium content at 0.83 g / 100 g, while Treatment 6 had the lowest at 0.50 g / 100 g. In July 2022, the potassium content of most treatments was higher than that in November 2021 and November 2022 (Table 14).

[0138] For clones with fewer seeds, in November 2021, treatment 7 had the highest potassium content at 0.76 g / 100 g, while treatment 1 had the lowest at 0.54 g / 100 g. In July 2022, treatment 9 had the highest potassium content at 0.97 g / 100 g, while treatment 4 had the lowest at 0.73 g / 100 g. The potassium content in most experimental plants in July 2022 was higher than that in November 2021 and November 2022 (Table 15).

[0139] Table 13 Multiple comparisons of potassium content (g / 100g) in dwarf Chinese clonal lines under different months and fertilization treatments (Group A)

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] Table 14. Multiple comparisons of potassium content (g / 100g) in dwarfed Chinese fir clones under different fertilization treatments and months (Group B)

[0143] Treatment Potassium content in November 2021 Potassium content in July 2022 Potassium content in November 2022 1 0.71 ± 0.02 Bab 0.88 ± 0.11 Aabc 0.68 ± 0.03 Bbcd 2 0.51 ± 0.07 Bef 0.79 ± 0.25 Abc 0.75 ± 0 Aab 3 0.56 ± 0.02 Bcde 0.81 ± 0.21 Aabc 0.70 ± 0.03 ABbc 4 0.62 ± 0.03 Bbcd 0.92 ± 0.15 Aabc 0.68 ± 0.1 Bbcd 5 0.78 ± 0.24 Aa 0.83 ± 0.3 Aabc 0.67 ± 0.15 Abcd 6 0.53 ± 0.08 Bdef 0.74 ± 0.21 Ac 0.50 ± 0.08 Be 7 0.71 ± 0.12 Aab 0.93 ± 0.3 Aabc 0.83 ± 0.25 Aa 8 0.69 ± 0.11 Aab 0.49 ± 0.10 Bd 0.71 ± 0.05 Abc 9 0.51 ± 0.04 Bef 1.01 ± 0.16 Aab 0.63 ± 0.04 Bcd Water 0.66 ± 0.05 Bbc 1.04 ± 0.10 Aa 0.65 ± 0.05 Bbcd Water 0.43 ± 0.08 Cf 0.82 ± 0.1 Aabc 0.58 ± 0.08 Bde Water 0.65 ± 0.00 Bbc 0.91 ± 0.27 Aabc 0.73 ± 0.04 ABabc

[0144] Table 15 Multiple comparisons of potassium content (g / 100g) in dwarf Chinese clonal lines under different fertilization treatments in different months (Group C)

[0145] Treatment Potassium content in November 2021 Potassium content in July 2022 Potassium content in November 2022 1 0.54 ± 0.05 Bbcd 0.83 ± 0.28 Aab 0.74 ± 0.05 ABab 2 0.69 ± 0.08 Aab 0.78 ± 0.22 Aabc 0.62 ± 0.09 Aabc 3 0.65 ± 0.04 Aab 0.73 ± 0.26 Aabc 0.73 ± 0.05 Aabc 4 0.74 ± 0.21 Aa 0.73 ± 0.21 Aabc 0.46 ± 0.12 Babc 5 0.73 ± 0.29 Aa 0.81 ± 0.25 Aab 0.65 ± 0.13 Aab 6 0.63 ± 0.05 Babc 0.78 ± 0.17 Aabc 0.65 ± 0.05 Babc 7 0.76 ± 0.27 Aa 0.78 ± 0.28 Aabc 0.65 ± 0.09 Aabc 8 0.63 ± 0.08 Babc 0.78 ± 0.15 Aabc 0.67 ± 0.04 ABabc 9 0.75 ± 0.16 ABa 0.97 ± 0.37 Aa 0.66 ± 0.04 Ba Water 0.46 ± 0.07 Acd 0.53 ± 0.09 Ac Water 0.78 ± 0.03 Aa 0.80 ± 0.13 Aabc 0.83 ± 0.08 Aabc Water 0.43 ± 0.03 Bd 0.63 ± 0.28 Abc 0.43 ± 0.08 ABbc

[0146] Analysis of the yield and quality of Chinese fir seeds under different fertilization treatments

[0147] (1) Effects of fertilization on the number of cones in clones of different fruiting types

[0148] Because the first fertilization was in July 2021, by which time the 2021 cones had already entered the development stage, the focus of the analysis is on the number of cones in 2022. This is particularly relevant for clones that produced a large number of cones. Figure 1 Treatment 3 resulted in a decrease of 302 cones compared to 2021, Treatment 1 a decrease of 46 cones, Treatment 9 an increase of 256 cones, and Treatment 4 an increase of 205 cones. This was for clonal lines with moderate fruit set. Figure 2 Treatments 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 showed a decrease in the number of cones compared to 2021, with 11, 21, 18, 16, and 20 respectively. Treatments 1, 6, 8, and 9 showed an increase in the number of cones compared to 2021, with 5, 212, 57, and 196 respectively, indicating that treatment 6 was better. For clones with fewer cones (…),… Figure 3 Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 7 reduced the number of cones by 0, 3, 7, and 1, respectively; while treatments 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 increased the number by 64, 82, 48, 57, and 15, respectively, indicating that treatment 5 was better. Treatment 1 had a relatively higher phosphate fertilizer content than treatments 4 and 9, so excessive phosphate fertilizer would reduce the number of cones in the dwarfed Chinese fir clones. Range analysis of the 2022 cone count showed that treatment 9 was better for clones with high cone production, treatment 6 was better for clones with moderate cone production, and treatment 5 was better for clones with low cone production.

[0149] (2) Effects of fertilization on seed yield of clones with different fertilization types

[0150] The seed setting rate of the clones with more seed setting was 14.28% in 2021 and 14.48% in 2022. The seed setting rate of treatment 9 was higher in 2021 and 2022, being 20.36% and 19.12% respectively; the seed setting rate of treatment 7 was the lowest in 2021 and 2022, being 4.15% and 4.73% respectively. For the clones with medium seed setting, the seed setting rate was 13.50% in 2021 and 15.45% in 2022. In 2021, the seed setting rate of treatment 7 was the highest, being 46.24%, and the seed setting rate of treatment 1 was the lowest, being 5.00%; in 2022, the seed setting rate of treatment 8 was the lowest, being 10.04%, and the seed setting rate of treatment 3 was the highest, being 21.34%. For the clones with less seed setting, the seed setting rate was 8.01% in 2021 and 12.99% in 2022. In 2021, the seed setting rate of treatment 4 was the lowest, being 2.05%, and the seed setting rate of treatment 6 was the highest, being 11.74%; in 2022, the seed setting rate of treatment 2 was the lowest, being 9.35%, and the seed setting rate of treatment 7 was the highest, being 18.60%. Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 ) For the clones with more seed setting, excessive phosphorus fertilizer had an inhibitory effect on the seed setting rate of the cones, while for the clones with medium and less seed setting, it had a promoting effect.

[0151] (3) Effect of fertilization on the hundred-seed weight of different seed setting type clones

[0152] The hundred-seed weight is an important indicator affecting seed quality, which can measure seed fullness and seed size. After treatment of different seed setting characteristics of clone types, the seed hundred-seed weight was different from the control. For the type with more seed setting, after 9 treatments in July 2021, the seed hundred-seed weight was lower than the control, among which treatment 2 was 0.2388g lower than the control; after 9 treatments in July 2022, treatment 7 was 0.0648g higher than the control, and treatments 8 and 9 were still lower than the control. For the type with medium seed setting, after treatment in July 2021, treatment 4 was 0.1609g higher than the control, and treatments 2, 6, 8 and 9 were lower than the control; after treatment in July 2022, treatment 5 was 0.0517g higher than the control, and the seed percentage of other treatments was lower than the control. For the type with less seed setting, after treatment in July 2021, treatments 3, 4 and 8 were higher than the control, and the other treatments were lower than the control; after treatment in July 2022, one control plant died, and there was no control for treatments 4, 5 and 7, treatments 1, 2 and 3 were higher than the control, and the other 3 treatments were lower than the control Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 ).

[0153] (4) Fertilization effects on the germination rate of different seed setting types of clones

[0154] The germination rate of the clone with more seeds was 35.22% in 2021 and 34.17% in 2022. The germination rate of treatment 3 was the highest (56.75%) and that of treatment 7 was the lowest (23.65%) in 2021. The germination rate of treatment 8 was the highest (50.88%) and that of treatment 7 was the lowest (11.00%) in 2022. The germination rate of the clone with medium seeds was 36.79% in 2021 and 37.48% in 2022. The germination rate of treatment 1 was the highest (61.36%) and that of treatment 7 was the lowest (21.72%) in 2021. The germination rate of treatment 1 was the highest (50.87%) and that of treatment 5 was the lowest (10.63%) in 2022. The germination rate of the clone with less seeds was 40.27% in 2021 and 40.33% in 2022. The germination rate of treatment 2 was the highest (53.63%) and that of treatment 5 was the lowest (20.63%) in 2021. The germination rate of treatment 3 was the highest (46.75%) and that of treatment 5 was the lowest (20.75%) in 2022 (Tables 16, 17, and 18). For the clones with more, medium, and less seeds, excessive phosphorus and potassium fertilizers would inhibit the germination of seeds.

[0155] Table 16 Multiple comparisons of the seed germination rate under different treatments in 2021 and 2022 (Group A)

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Table 17 Multiple comparisons of the seed germination rate under different treatments in 2021 and 2022 (Group B)

[0159] Treatment 2021 Seed Germination Rate 2022 Seed Germination Rate 1 61.36% ± 0% Aa 50.87% ± 7.25% Ab 2 55.79% ± 0% Aab 73.68% ± 0% Aa 3 47.32% ± 8.97% Aab 42.5% ± 6.09% Abc 4 29% ± 22.67% Abc 24.78% ± 4.31% Ade 5 37.88% ± 24.94% Aabc 10.63% ± 4.57% Bf 6 49.25% ± 4.92% Aab 31% ± 6.87% Bd 7 21.72% ± 2.03% Ac 21.57% ± 0% Adef 8 25.57% ± 9.32% Abc 27.25% ± 7.23% Ad 9 50.97% ± 8.46% Aab 38.88% ± 8.41% Ac Water 23.88% ± 14.91% Abc 18.97% ± 8.33% Aef Water 55.08% ± 15.45% Aab 38.5% ± 4.07% Bc Water 58.75% ± 8.22% Aa 48% ± 4.63% Bb

[0160] Table 18 Multiple comparisons of the seed germination rate under different treatments in 2021 and 2022 (Group C)

[0161] Treatment 2021 Seed Germination Rate 2022 Seed Germination Rate 1 36.08% ± 0% Bbcd 38.71% ± 0% Aabc 2 53.63% ± 18.35% Aab 31.76% ± 10.94% Bbc 3 51.25% ± 7.85% Aab 46.75% ± 7.59% Aa 4 50% ± 0% Aabc 26.32% ± 2.19% Bc 5 20.63% ± 10.02% Ad 20.75% ± 7.59% Ac 6 43.71% ± 4.14% Abc 28.25% ± 8.11% Bc 7 40.74% ± 0% Abcd 37% ± 4.08% Aabc 8 28.36% ± 4.82% Acd 27.5% ± 7.66% Ac 9 49.6% ± 31.32% Aabc 28.25% ± 9.81% Ac Water 64.75％±4.35％a Water 30.38% ± 0% Abcd 31.92% ± 9.68% Abc Water 63.43% ± 11.08% Aa 42.8% ± 15.3% Bab

[0162] (5) Fertilization effects on the seed type of different seed setting types of clones

[0163] The seed good kernel rate of the clone with more fruiting was the highest in treatment 3 in 2021, reaching 53.00%, and the lowest in treatment 7, reaching 21.54%; the seed good kernel rate of treatment 8 was the highest in 2022, reaching 36.50%, and the lowest in treatment 7, reaching 4.00%. The seed good kernel rate of the clone with medium fruiting was the highest in treatment 5 in 2021, reaching 67.00%, and the lowest in treatment 2, reaching 16.67%; the seed good kernel rate of treatment 1 was the highest in 2022, reaching 73.00%, and the lowest in treatment 4, reaching 11.00%. The seed good kernel rate of the clone with less fruiting was the highest in treatment 1 in 2021, reaching 57.58%, and the lowest in treatment 3, reaching 25.00%; the seed good kernel rate of treatment 3 was the highest in 2022, reaching 48.00%, and the lowest in treatment 2, reaching 21.69% (Tables 19, 20 and 21). For the clone with more fruiting, excessive phosphorus fertilizer can inhibit the endosperm filling of seeds and increase the formation of astringent seeds; for the clone with medium and less fruiting, potassium fertilizer can promote the endosperm filling of seeds.

[0164] Table 19 Comparison of seed types in 2021 and 2022 under different treatments (Group A)

[0165]

[0166] Table 20 Comparison of seed types in 2021 and 2022 under different treatments (Group B)

[0167]

[0168] Table 21 Comparison of seed types in 2021 and 2022 under different treatments (Group C)

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] (6) Effects of fertilization on the fruit and seed phenotypes of clones with different fruiting types

[0172] For the clones with more seeds, the seed area, seed perimeter, single cone weight, cone horizontal diameter and cone vertical diameter of treatment 8 were larger than the control in 2021, and the values were 25.18 mm2, 20.79 mm, 15.09 g, 34.14 mm and 36.31 mm, respectively. The seed area and seed perimeter of treatment 2 were relatively small. The seed area and seed perimeter of treatment 3 and treatment 9 were larger than the control in 2022, and the values were 25.18 mm2, 20.79 mm, 15.09 g, 34.14 mm and 36.31 mm, respectively. For the clones with medium seeds, the seed and cone phenotypes of treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 were larger than the control in 2021, and the phenotypic value of treatment 1 was larger. In 2022, the seed and cone phenotypes of treatment 1, treatment 4, treatment 6 and treatment 9 were larger than the control. For the clones with fewer seeds, the seed and cone phenotypes of treatment 1 and treatment 8 were larger than the control in 2021, and the value of treatment 1 was larger. In 2022, the seed and cone phenotypes of treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 8 and treatment 9 were larger than the control, and the value of treatment 1 was larger (Tables 22, 23 and 24).

[0173] Table 22: Average values of cone and seed phenotypes under different treatments in 2021 and 2022 (Group A)

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] Table 23: Average values of cone and seed phenotypes under different treatments in 2021 and 2022 (Group B)

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] Table 24: Average values of cone and seed phenotypes under different treatments in 2021 and 2022 (Group C)

[0180]

[0181] Analysis of flower quantity of Cunninghamia lanceolata under different fertilization treatments

[0182] The number of flowers on a plant directly affects the yield of cones. If the number of female flowers on the stumped and dwarfed Chinese fir clones can be increased through scientific fertilization, it can indirectly promote the yield of Chinese fir seed orchards. For clones with more seeds, the number of female flowers in 2023 for treatments 1, 6, and 8 increased significantly compared to 2022, with treatment 8 increasing by 282. For clones with medium seed production, the number of female flowers in 2023 for treatment 6 increased by 62 compared to 2022, and for other treatments, the number decreased, with treatment 8 decreasing by 182. For clones with less seed production, treatments 6, 8, and 9 produced no female flowers in 2023, and the control also produced no female flowers, while treatment 3 increased by 23. For clones with more seeds in 2023, the number of male cones for treatment 9 increased significantly by 502, which was more than the control. For clones with medium seed production, the number of male flowers for treatment 4 increased by 800 compared to 2022, and for clones with less seed production, the number of male flowers for treatment 8 increased by 82 compared to 2022, and for other treatments, the number decreased. Figure 10 The fertilization treatment had a significant impact on the number of flowers on the stumped and dwarfed Chinese fir. Through fertilization, the number of reproductive branches increased, the number of female and male flowers increased, and when the year was small, the reduction in production was smaller.

[0183] Comprehensive evaluation of needle nutrition and seed quality under different treatments

[0184] The ultimate goal of fertilization treatment for different types of clones is to improve the yield and quality of Chinese fir stumped and dwarfed seed orchard seeds. From the above analysis, different treatments have different effects on needle nutrition, cone number, seed quality, and flower number of different seed types. In order to objectively evaluate the 9 treatments, the needle nitrogen, carbon-nitrogen ratio, potassium, and phosphorus content, cone number, flower number, seed germination rate, hundred seed weight, cone phenotype, and seed phenotype of different seed characteristics of stumped and dwarfed clone mother trees were evaluated using a comprehensive scoring method. The higher the comprehensive score, the higher the seed yield and quality under the treatment. After treatment in July 2021, for clones with more seeds, treatment 5 had the highest score, and treatment 7 had the lowest score. For clones with medium seed production, treatment 3 had the highest score, and treatment 6 had the lowest score. For clones with less seed production, treatment 3 had a higher score, and treatment 7 had the lowest score. After treatment in July 2022, for clones with more seeds, treatment 8 had the highest score, and treatment 7 had the lowest score. For clones with medium seed production, treatment 8 had the highest score, and treatment 6 had the lowest score. For clones with less seed production, treatment 4 had a higher score, and treatment 7 had the lowest score (Table 25). Because the number of cones changed in 2021 and 2022, the scores of the two years were different, so in actual fertilization, the fertilizer formula should be adjusted in time according to the growth status of Chinese fir plants to maximize production.

[0185] Table 25 Comprehensive score table of different treatments of different seed setting characteristics types of clones

[0186]

[0187]

[0188] Effects of different fertilization treatments on the needle nutrients of different seed setting types of Cunninghamia lanceolata

[0189] The total nitrogen and carbon-nitrogen ratio of different seed setting characteristics types were significantly different between different months, which was consistent with the research results of Pinus koraiensis. In this chapter, the total nitrogen content of the clone with more seeds was 1.37 g / 100 g in November 2021, 0.98 g / 100 g in July 2022, and 1.34 g / 100 g in November 2022; the total nitrogen content of the clone with moderate seeds was 1.20 g / 100 g in November 2021, 1.34 g / 100 g in July 2022, and 1.21 g / 100 g in November 2022; the total nitrogen content of the clone with less seeds was 1.12 g / 100 g in November 2021, 1.28 g / 100 g in July 2022, and 1.22 g / 100 g in November 2022. The nitrogen content of the clone with more seeds decreased in July, which may be due to the transportation of stored substances to the cone, causing a decrease in nitrogen content. The accumulation of cones leads to a decrease in nitrogen content in needles, and the nitrogen content increases in November, which may be due to the absorption of nitrogen from the soil or other places, so the increase is consistent with the research results of Zhang Tongtong. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the clone with more seeds is high in July and low in November, while the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the clone with moderate and less seeds does not have significant differences between months, which may be because the clone with more seeds has more cones, so the carbon-nitrogen ratio changes greatly. For the clone with more seeds, the total nitrogen content of treatments 1, 6, and 9 is higher, which is increased by 30.08% compared with the control. For the clone with moderate seeds, the total nitrogen content of treatment 6 is higher, which is increased by 50.60% compared with the control. For the clone with less seeds, the total nitrogen content of treatments 2 and 9 is higher, which is increased by 28.89% compared with the control. Because the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer is fixed in this experiment, the interaction of each element is needed to improve the efficacy of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0190] The phosphorus content of Cunninghamia lanceolata was significantly increased by the application of phosphorus fertilizer, which promoted the differentiation of female flowers and the number of fruiting branches, thus promoting yield increase. The total phosphorus content of most of the test clones in July was significantly higher than that in November, because more phosphorus was needed for cone growth in July, while the need for phosphorus decreased in November, and the plant entered the vegetative growth stage, increasing the demand for nitrogen, which was consistent with the above analysis of nitrogen. The total phosphorus content of clones with more fruit, treatment 2, treatment 8, and treatment 9, increased by 35.12% compared with the control. Among these three treatments, the phosphorus concentration of treatment 8 and treatment 9 was 1 (800 mg / L), and the phosphorus concentration of treatment 2 was 2 (1300 mg / L). The total phosphorus content of clones with moderate fruit, treatment 6, treatment 8, and treatment 9, was higher, increasing by 31.18% compared with the control. The phosphorus concentration of treatment 8 and treatment 9 was 1 (800 mg / L), and the phosphorus concentration of treatment 6 was 3 (1800 g / L). The total phosphorus content of clones with less fruit, treatment 4, was higher by 25.31%, and the phosphorus concentration was 1 (800 mg / L), indicating that different clones had significant differences in phosphorus absorption capacity. The needle phosphorus content of Cunninghamia lanceolata clones with strong fruiting ability was higher, indicating that the formation of female cones required a large amount of phosphorus, which was consistent with the development of female cones in Pinus massoniana. However, too high a concentration of phosphorus fertilizer would reduce the total phosphorus content in the needles of clones with strong fruiting ability. For clones with moderate fruiting ability, a higher concentration of phosphorus could increase the total phosphorus content in the needles. For clones with less fruiting ability, because the number of female cones was small, they did not need a high concentration of phosphorus. Considering economic benefits, an application rate of 800 mg / L or 1300 mg / L could meet the needs of different fruiting characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata clones with cut stumps and dwarfing.

[0191] For the total potassium content, the total potassium content of the more fruitful clone in November 2021 was 0.49 g / 100 g, the total potassium content in July 2022 was 0.68 g / 100 g, and the total potassium content in November 2022 was 0.60 g / 100 g; the total potassium content of the clone with medium fruit setting in November 2021 was 0.61 g / 100 g, the total potassium content in July 2022 was 0.84 g / 100 g, and the total potassium content in November 2022 was 0.68 g / 100 g; the total potassium content of the less fruitful clone in November 2021 was 0.65 g / 100 g, the total potassium content in July 2022 was 0.76 g / 100 g, and the total potassium content in November 2022 was 0.60 g / 100 g. The change of potassium content in July and November of the more fruitful, medium fruitful and less fruitful clone type is consistent with the phosphorus content, which may be because the plant absorbs less water and the dissolved phosphorus and potassium ions in the water, so the potassium content transported to the needle is reduced. The total potassium content of the more fruitful clone treated with 5 needle leaves is the highest, and the potassium concentration is 2 (2000 mg / L), the total potassium content of the medium fruitful clone treated with 7 is the highest, and the potassium concentration is 3 (2500 mg / L), and the total potassium content of the less fruitful clone treated with 1 and 7 is the highest, and the potassium concentration is 2 (2000 mg / L) and 3 (2500 mg / L) respectively. It can be seen that higher concentration of potassium fertilizer can promote the content of total potassium in the needle of the cut dwarf Chinese fir clone.

[0192] Effects of different fertilization treatments on the seed quality of different fruit setting cut dwarf Chinese fir

[0193] The present application can effectively improve the cone number of the more fruitful clone, which is treatment 9, 2 times more than the control, the formula for the medium fruitful clone is treatment 9, 1.5 times more than the control, and the best formula for the less fruitful clone is treatment 6, 2.5 times more than the control. Therefore, in the seed orchard, the cone is an important factor for determining the seed yield, and increasing the number of cones in the seed orchard can reduce the size of the forest seed orchard, which is an important guarantee for high yield and stable yield. Therefore, the correct fertilization formula should be used for different fruit setting characteristics of the clone.

[0194] The higher the seed germination rate, the better the seed quality, and improving the seed germination rate can improve the seedling production of Chinese fir. For the more fruitful clone type, treatment 3 and treatment 8 can improve the seed germination rate and germination index; for the medium fruitful clone type, treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3 can improve the seed germination rate and germination index; for the less fruitful clone type, treatment 2 and treatment 3 can promote the seed germination rate and germination index.

[0195] The astringent and empty seeds of Chinese fir have been the focus of production, and how to reduce the empty and astringent seeds is also an important problem for Chinese fir producers. For the clone type with more seeds, treatments 2, 3 and 9 can improve the good seed rate, reduce the astringent seed rate and empty seed rate; for the clone type with medium seeds, treatments 3 and 5 can improve the good seed rate; for the clone type with less seeds, treatments 2 and 5 can better improve the good seed rate, reduce the astringent seed rate and empty seed rate.

[0196] The size of seed traits represents the amount of nutrients in the seed, which affects the seed dissemination and germination, and has a great influence on the settlement, survival, later growth and adaptability of seedlings. For the clone type with more seeds, treatments 1 and 4 can significantly improve the seed phenotype value, which is increased by 25.78% compared with the control. For the clone type with medium seeds, treatments 5 and 9 can significantly improve the seed phenotype value. For the clone type with less seeds, treatment 1 can significantly improve the seed phenotype value, which is increased by 34.54% compared with the control. The appropriate proportion can effectively improve the seed shape of the dwarf Chinese fir clone with cut-off stem and improve the seed quality.

[0197] In summary, different growth stages such as the growth and development of cones and the filling of seed endosperm should be targeted, and fertilizers and hormones should be applied according to the seed characteristics of clones to achieve better results.

[0198] Effects of different fertilization treatments on the flower quantity of Chinese fir clones with different seed setting

[0199] For the clone type with more seeds, the female flower growth of treatment 8 is the largest. For the clone type with medium seeds, the female flower growth of treatment 6 is the largest. For the clone type with less seeds, the female flower growth of treatment 3 is the largest. It can be seen that the demand for fertilizer is different for different seed setting characteristics, and the flower quantity is not only affected by the nutrient status but also by the genetic factors of the tree body, which is consistent with the research results of Pinus massoniana. If the fertilizer dosage is unbalanced, it will cause unbalanced nutrient absorption in the body of Chinese fir, and further affect the differentiation of flower buds of Chinese fir. Therefore, the growth status of the plant should be observed, and the fertilization operation should be carried out scientifically.

[0200] Comprehensive evaluation of different fertilization treatments on Chinese fir clones with different seed setting

[0201] The invention takes different seed setting ability of Chinese fir clones as research object, takes Chinese fir clones with different seed setting ability after cutting and dwarfing as research object, studies growth indexes and nutrition indexes, explores the relationship between seed setting ability and growth indexes and nutrition indexes, on the basis of which, Chinese fir clones after cutting and dwarfing are divided into three groups of high seed setting, medium seed setting and low seed setting, different treatments of foliar spraying fertilizer + hormone are carried out, and the suitable fertilizer ratio of different seed setting ability clones is explored, so as to provide theoretical basis for better promoting high yield and stable yield of Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing.

[0202] (1) The seed setting characteristics of lower part of clones have great influence on the yield and quality of Chinese fir seed orchard, when the Chinese fir seed orchard is established and reconstructed, the seed setting of different layers of Chinese fir clones should be fully considered, the type with more seed setting in lower part is selected, and the indexes such as seed yield, good seed number, astringent seed and empty seed number, seed weight and seed width are referred to. When the seed orchard is configured, the inbreeding combination causing empty seed should be reduced as much as possible to improve the seed yield per unit area of Chinese fir seed orchard after cutting and dwarfing. When the seed orchard is constructed, the good ecological environment with suitable sunlight and fertile soil should be selected, in the management aspect, the development of each clone of Chinese fir should be paid attention to, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are regulated, artificial pollination is carried out, the formation of empty seed is reduced, and if necessary, thinning, thinning fruit, fertilizer and hormone are used, so that the sufficient nutrition condition of cone and seed is ensured, and the formation of astringent seed due to insufficient nutrition of seed is reduced.

[0203] (2) The fruiting of the felled and dwarfed Chinese fir shows great difference. The present application measures the crown width, lateral branch basal diameter of three types of felled and dwarfed Chinese fir clones with more fruiting, medium fruiting and less fruiting, and determines the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of their needle leaves, and studies their mutual relations. The crown width of the felled and dwarfed Chinese fir clones with more fruiting facing east, west, south and north is higher than that of the clones with medium fruiting and less fruiting, which shows that the productivity of the clones with more fruiting is stronger. The lateral branch basal diameter is also higher for the clones with more fruiting than for the clones with medium fruiting and less fruiting. The total nitrogen content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the needle leaves of different fruiting types in July have no significant difference, but the phosphorus content of the clones with more fruiting is significantly higher than that of the clones with medium fruiting and less fruiting, and the potassium content is significantly lower than that of the clones with medium fruiting and less fruiting. Among them, the nitrogen content of the reproductive branches of the clones with different fruiting characteristics is lower than that of the vegetative branches, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the reproductive branches is higher than that of the vegetative branches. The phosphorus content of the reproductive branches of the clones with more fruiting is significantly higher than that of the vegetative branches, and the phosphorus content of the reproductive branches of the clones with medium fruiting and most of the clones with less fruiting is significantly or slightly lower than that of the vegetative branches. The potassium content of the reproductive branches of the clones with more fruiting, the clones with medium fruiting and most of the clones with less fruiting is lower than that of the vegetative branches. It can be seen that July is an important stage for the growth and development of cones and seeds, and the phosphorus and potassium elements need to be supplemented. The crown width, lateral branch basal diameter and carbon-nitrogen ratio, phosphorus and potassium are different, which leads to the different fruiting ability of the felled and dwarfed Chinese fir. These indexes should be observed and the yield of the seed orchard should be scientifically promoted.

[0204] (3) Fertilization is an important measure to promote the growth of nutrients and increase seed yield of Chinese fir. Reasonable fertilization can not only save cost, but also promote production. In order to improve the seed yield of Chinese fir after cutting and dwarfing, and reduce the phenomenon of large and small years, different fertilizer and hormone ratios were designed by orthogonal design to find the best fertilization scheme for different seed types. Through experiments, investigations and analysis, different ratios of fertilizers and hormones can be applied according to the needs of Chinese fir with different seed setting abilities. In this experiment, L9(33) was used, with three factors of phosphorus, potassium and gibberellin. The three levels of phosphorus were 800 mg / L, 1300 mg / L and 1800 mg / L, the three levels of potassium were 1500 mg / L, 2000 mg / L and 2500 mg / L, and the three levels of gibberellin were 50 mg / L, 100 mg / L and 150 mg / L, which were combined into 9 treatments. The nitrogen content of Chinese fir with more seeds, medium seeds and most seeds decreased in July, and increased in November. The total phosphorus and potassium contents were higher in July than in November. For Chinese fir with more seeds, treatments 5, 6, 8 and 9 can be used to improve the nutrient level of branches (nitrogen content increased by 25.07%, phosphorus content increased by 79.06%, and potassium content increased by 12.71%), and improve the quality of seed production (cone number increased by 256, and seed astringency rate decreased by 37.29%). For Chinese fir with medium seeds, treatments 3, 6 and 9 can be used to increase the nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content by 13.15%, 56.61% and 41.31% respectively, increase the cone number by 212, and reduce the seed astringency rate by 20.56%. For Chinese fir with less seeds, treatments 3, 4 and 5 can be used to increase the nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content by 18.54%, 36.57% and 26.56% respectively, increase the cone number by 82, and reduce the seed astringency rate by 19.67%. Therefore, different formulations should be used according to the seed setting characteristics and management objectives of Chinese fir during fertilization to better achieve production promotion.

[0205] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of fertilizing a stumped dwarfed Chinese fir, characterized in that, Different treatments of spraying fertilizer and hormone on the foliage of Chinese fir clones with different seed setting ability after top reduction are carried out to promote high yield and stable yield of Chinese fir after top reduction; the fertilizer is phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the hormone is gibberellin; for the clone with more seed setting, the formula of fertilizer is: P 1800 mg / L, K 2000 mg / L, gibberellin 50 mg / L; or P 1800 mg / L, K 1500 mg / L, gibberellin 100 mg / L; or P 800 mg / L, K 1500 mg / L, gibberellin 50 mg / L; or P 800 mg / L, K 2500 mg / L, gibberellin 100 mg / L; for the clone with medium seed setting, the formula of fertilizer is: P 1300 mg / L, K 1500 mg / L, gibberellin 150 mg / L; or P 1800 mg / L, K 1500 mg / L, gibberellin 100 mg / L; or P 800 mg / L, K 1500 mg / L, gibberellin 50 mg / L; for the clone with less seed setting, the formula of fertilizer is: P 1300 mg / L, K 1500 mg / L, gibberellin 150 mg / L; or P 800 mg / L, K 2000 mg / L, gibberellin 150 mg / L; or P 1800 mg / L, K 2000 mg / L, gibberellin 50 mg / L.

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