A heat exchanger based on the heat of coal-fired engine exhaust gas

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and specifically to a heat exchanger based on the heat of exhaust gas from a coal-fired engine, comprising: a shell, a sealing plate and an assembly body are fixedly installed inside the shell, a heat exchange space is formed between the shell, the sealing plate and the assembly body, an assembly groove is designed inside the assembly body, an exhaust pipe is installed inside the assembly groove, a retractable spiral tube is sleeved on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe located inside the assembly groove, a part of the outer part of the spiral tube is located in the heat exchange space, a part of the outer part of the spiral tube penetrates into the sealing plate, and a heat exchange medium is stored inside the spiral tube; a control mechanism, the control mechanism can compress the spiral tube located in the assembly groove into the heat exchange space to increase the heat exchange area; the heat exchange space is connected to the inside of the exhaust pipe, and the heat exchange space is connected to an air intake mechanism. The present invention adjusts the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space by the exhaust gas flow entering the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, in particular to a heat exchanger based on the heat of tail gas from a coal-fired engine. Background Art

[0002] When the heat of the exhaust gas from a coal-fired machine is recovered through a heat exchanger, the exhaust gas from the coal-fired machine will be affected by other factors (such as load changes, combustion characteristics and combustion efficiency, etc.), which will make the flow of the exhaust gas unstable, thereby affecting the contact time and heat exchange area between the flue gas and the working fluid in the exchanger, thereby reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a heat exchanger based on the heat of tail gas from a coal-fired engine, which has the advantage of being able to adjust the heat exchange area.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a heat exchanger based on the heat of exhaust gas from a coal-fired engine, comprising: a shell, a sealing plate and an assembly body are fixedly installed inside the shell, a heat exchange space is formed between the shell, the sealing plate and the assembly body, an assembly groove is designed inside the assembly body, an exhaust pipe is installed inside the assembly groove, a retractable spiral tube is sleeved on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe located inside the assembly groove, a part of the outer part of the spiral tube is located in the heat exchange space, a part of the outer part of the spiral tube penetrates the inside of the sealing plate, and a heat exchange medium is stored inside the spiral tube; a control mechanism, the control mechanism can compress the spiral tube located in the assembly groove into the heat exchange space to increase the heat exchange area; the heat exchange space is connected with the inside of the exhaust pipe, and the heat exchange space is connected with the air intake mechanism.

[0005] Optionally, the control mechanism includes two driving grooves opened inside the assembly body, and torsion plates 1, 2 and 3 are slidably installed inside the heat exchange space and the assembly grooves. Twist plate 1 and torsion plate 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spiral tube of the retractable part, and torsion plate 2 is located between torsion plate 1 and torsion plate 3. Stretching units capable of equidistantly displacing torsion plate 1, torsion plate 2 and torsion plate 3 are provided inside the two driving grooves.

[0006] Optionally, the stretching unit includes a twisted rod 1 hingedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the assembly groove, the end of the twisted rod 1 is hingedly installed with a twisted rod 2, the end of the twisted rod 2 is hingedly installed with the outer wall of the end of the torsion plate 2, the end of the torsion plate 3 is hingedly installed with a twisted rod 4, the end of the twisted rod 4 is hingedly installed with a twisted rod 3, the end of the twisted rod 3 is hinged with the outer wall of the end of the torsion plate 2, the ends of the twisted rod 2 and the twisted rod 3 located on the outer wall of the end of the torsion plate 2 are meshing, the twisted rod 2 and the twisted rod 3 will move synchronously towards or away, and the outer wall of any one of the twisted rods 1 is hingedly installed with an electric telescopic rod, and the end of the electric telescopic rod is hingedly installed on the outer wall of the sealing plate.

[0007] Optionally, a plurality of exhaust holes are formed through the outer wall of the exhaust pipe in the heat exchange space, a rotating circular plate is rotatably installed inside the exhaust pipe located on one side of the exhaust hole, the rotating circular plate and the inner wall of the exhaust pipe on one side of the exhaust hole are designed to fit tightly, a plurality of air guide holes are formed through the outer wall of the rotating circular plate, the plurality of air guide holes and the plurality of exhaust holes are designed to correspond, and a driving unit that can rotate the rotating circular plate is provided inside the exhaust pipe.

[0008] Optionally, the driving unit includes a plurality of fixed rods installed in a circular array on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, and a driving motor is fixedly installed at the ends of the plurality of fixed rods. The output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the rotating circular plate, and the rotation center of the output end of the driving motor and the center of the rotating circular plate are on the same axis.

[0009] Optionally, an air inlet is formed through the bottom of the shell located in the heat exchange space, an air inlet plate is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the shell, and an air inlet channel is formed between the interior of the air inlet plate and the air inlet.

[0010] Optionally, a rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the air intake plate, a bowl-cup fan blade is installed in an array on the circumferential outer wall of the rotating shaft, a speed detector is fixedly installed on the bottom of the air intake plate, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft can be monitored by the speed detector.

[0011] Optionally, a detection switching valve is provided at one end of the exhaust pipe away from the exhaust hole. When the exhaust gas temperature meets the standard, it is discharged normally. When the exhaust gas does not meet the standard, the detection switching valve switches the channel to allow the exhaust gas to enter the heat exchange space again.

[0012] Optionally, the working fluid is a substance that can convert thermal energy and mechanical energy into each other.

[0013] Optionally, a telescopic tube is fixedly mounted on the end of the spiral tube located inside the assembly groove, the telescopic tube is communicated with the outside of the shell, and the telescopic tube is a stretchable bellows.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. The rotation speed of the bowl fan blade is detected by a rotation speed detector, thereby driving the electric telescopic rod to make the torsion plate 1, torsion plate 2 and torsion plate 3 displace equidistantly, so that the spiral tube can be stretched or compressed, thereby changing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space. The larger the exhaust gas flow rate, the larger the heat exchange area, and the smaller the exhaust gas flow rate, the smaller the heat exchange area, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0016] Second, the rotation speed of the bowl fan blades is detected by a rotation speed detector, so that the drive motor works and drives the rotating circular plate to rotate, thereby changing the area of ​​the exhaust hole, thereby changing the residence time of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention viewed from above;

[0019] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at AA in the middle;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the control structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the control structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the exhaust pipe of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bowl and cup fan blade of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection switching valve of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Sealing plate; 3. Speed ​​detector; 4. Bowl fan blade; 5. Spiral tube; 6. Telescopic tube; 7. Assembly; 8. Rotating shaft; 9. Driving slot; 11. Assembly slot; 12. Twist plate one; 13. Twist plate two; 14. Twist plate three; 15. Exhaust pipe; 16. Electric telescopic rod; 17. Twisted rod one; 18. Twisted rod two; 19. Twisted rod three; 20. Twisted rod four; 21. Inlet plate; 22. Rotating circular plate; 23. Driving motor; 24. Fixed rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] See also Figures 1 to 10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a heat exchanger based on the heat of exhaust gas from a coal-fired engine, comprising: a shell 1, a sealing plate 2 and an assembly body 7 are fixedly installed inside the shell 1, a heat exchange space is formed between the shell 1, the sealing plate 2 and the assembly body 7, an assembly groove 11 is designed inside the assembly body 7, an exhaust pipe 15 is installed inside the assembly groove 11, and a retractable spiral tube 5 is sleeved on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 15 inside the assembly groove 11, part of the outer part of the spiral tube 5 is located in the heat exchange space, part of the outer part of the spiral tube 5 penetrates the inside of the sealing plate 2, and a heat exchange medium is stored inside the spiral tube 5; a control mechanism, the control mechanism can compress the spiral tube 5 located in the assembly groove 11 into the heat exchange space to increase the heat exchange area; the heat exchange space is connected to the inside of the exhaust pipe 15, and the heat exchange space is connected to the air intake mechanism. When the heat of the exhaust gas from the coal-fired engine is recovered through the heat exchanger, the exhaust gas flow of the coal-fired engine is unstable due to the influence of special factors on the exhaust gas flow of the coal-fired engine, and the existing The heat exchange area inside the heat exchanger is fixed, and the heat exchange area cannot be changed according to the size of the exhaust gas flow rate, which leads to a decrease in the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. In this embodiment, a retractable spiral tube 5 is set. When the coal-fired exhaust gas flow rate in the exchange space is large, the spiral tube 5 located inside the assembly groove 11 can be compressed through the control mechanism, so that the spiral tube 5 enters the heat exchange space, thereby increasing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. When the coal-fired exhaust gas flow rate in the exchange space is small, the compressed spiral tube 5 in the heat exchange space can be stretched through the control mechanism, so that part of the spiral tube 5 enters the assembly groove 11, thereby reducing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space. When the exhaust gas flow rate decreases, the heat exchange area decreases, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. In the heat exchange space, the heat of the coal-fired exhaust gas is transferred to the working medium inside the spiral tube 5, and the cooled exhaust gas can be discharged through the exhaust pipe 15.

[0030] Among them, the more preferred embodiment is that the control mechanism includes two driving grooves 9 provided inside the assembly 7, and a torsion plate 12, a torsion plate 2 13 and a torsion plate 3 14 are slidably installed inside the heat exchange space and the assembly groove 11, the torsion plate 12 and the torsion plate 3 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spiral tube 5 of the telescopic part, the torsion plate 2 13 is located between the torsion plate 12 and the torsion plate 3 14, and the two driving grooves 9 are each provided with a stretching unit capable of equidistantly displacing the torsion plate 12, the torsion plate 2 13 and the torsion plate 3 14, by providing two driving grooves 9 inside the assembly 7, the two driving grooves 9 are each provided with a driving unit capable of stretching or contracting the spiral tube 5, by arranging the torsion plate 12, the torsion plate 2 13 and the torsion plate 3 14, the torsion plate 12, the torsion plate 2 13 and the torsion plate 3 14 can be equidistantly displaced through the stretching unit, the torsion plate 12 and the torsion plate 3 14 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the telescopic part of the spiral tube 5, the torsion plate 2 13 is located between twist plate 12 and twist plate 3 14. Under the drive of the stretching unit, the stretchable part of the spiral tube 5 can be compressed into the heat exchange space, or stretched into the assembly groove 11, so as to adjust the contact area of ​​the spiral tube 5 in the heat exchange space. The spiral tube 5 stores the working fluid inside, so as to realize the function of adjusting the heat exchange area. When the exhaust gas flow inside the heat exchange space is large, a larger heat exchange area is required to improve heat recovery. The stretching unit is used to squeeze the telescopic part of the spiral tube 5 to increase the heat exchange area. When the exhaust gas flow inside the heat exchange space decreases, the heat exchange area is too large, which will lead to a decrease in heat recovery efficiency, so that the heat exchange area can be reduced to improve the heat exchange efficiency. The stretching unit can stretch the telescopic part of the spiral tube 5 and enter the assembly groove 11, so as to reduce the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0031] Among them, the more preferred embodiment is that the stretching unit includes a twisted rod 17 hingedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the assembly groove 11, the end of the twisted rod 17 is hingedly installed with a twisted rod 2 18, the end of the twisted rod 2 18 is hingedly designed with the outer wall of the end of the torsion plate 2 13, the end of the torsion plate 3 14 is hingedly installed with a twisted rod 4 20, the end of the twisted rod 4 20 is hingedly installed with a twisted rod 3 19, the end of the twisted rod 3 19 is hingedly designed with the outer wall of the end of the torsion plate 2 13, the ends of the twisted rod 2 18 and the twisted rod 3 19 located on the outer wall of the end of the torsion plate 2 13 are meshingly designed, the twisted rod 2 18 and the twisted rod 3 19 will move synchronously towards or away, the outer wall of any one of the twisted rods 17 is hingedly installed with an electric telescopic rod 16, and the end of the electric telescopic rod 16 is hingedly installed on the outer wall of the sealing plate 2, such as Figure 6As shown, the stretching unit is composed of a twist rod 17, a twist rod 2 18, a twist rod 3 19 and a twist rod 4 20. The twist rod 17 and the twist rod 2 18 are of hinged design. The ends of the twist rod 17 and the twist rod 2 18 are hingedly installed with the torsion plate 1 12 and the torsion plate 2 13 respectively. The twist rod 3 19 and the twist rod 4 20 are of hinged design. The ends of the twist rod 3 19 and the twist rod 4 20 are hingedly installed with the torsion plate 2 13 and the torsion plate 3 14 respectively. The twist rod 2 18 and the twist rod 3 19 are hinged at one end on the torsion plate 2 13 and are hinged on the outer wall of the torsion plate 2 13 through gear meshing, so that the twist rod 2 18 and the twist rod 3 19 can move synchronously close to or away from each other. The lengths of the first, second, third, and fourth twisted rods 17, 18, 19, and 20 are the same. The electric telescopic rod 16 is hingedly installed on the outer wall of the first twisted rod 17. Driven by the electric telescopic rod 16, the first twisted rod 17 can rotate at a certain angle on the outer wall of the torsion plate 12. Therefore, through the connection design of the first, second, third, and fourth twisted rods 17, 18, third, and fourth twisted rods 19, 20 and the torsion plates 12, 13, and 3, 14, the torsion plates 12, 13, and 3, 14 can be displaced equidistantly, and the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space can be changed according to the exhaust gas flow rate, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0032] Among the more preferred embodiments, a plurality of exhaust holes are formed through the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 15 in the heat exchange space, a rotating circular plate 22 is rotatably installed inside the exhaust pipe 15 on one side of the exhaust hole, the rotating circular plate 22 is designed to fit tightly with the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 15 on one side of the exhaust hole, a plurality of air guide holes are formed through the outer wall of the rotating circular plate 22, the plurality of air guide holes and the plurality of exhaust holes are designed to correspond, a driving unit capable of rotating the rotating circular plate 22 is provided inside the exhaust pipe 15, and when the exhaust gas flow rate is small, the heat exchange area can be reduced according to the exhaust gas flow rate. However, the residence time of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange space remains unchanged, resulting in a lower heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, a rotatable rotating circular plate 22 is provided, and a plurality of air guide holes are provided on the rotating circular plate 22. The plurality of air guide holes correspond to the plurality of exhaust holes provided on the exhaust pipe 15. The rotating circular plate 22 can be rotated to a certain extent by a driving unit. When the rotating circular plate 22 rotates, the area of ​​the exhaust hole is reduced, thereby making the exhaust channel of the exhaust gas smaller and increasing the residence time of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the exhaust gas.

[0033] Among the preferred embodiments, the drive unit includes a plurality of fixed rods 24 installed in a circumferential array on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 15, and a drive motor 23 is fixedly installed at the end of the plurality of fixed rods 24. The output end of the drive motor 23 is fixedly connected to the rotating circular plate 22, and the rotation center of the output end of the drive motor 23 and the center of the circle of the rotating circular plate 22 are on the same axis. The drive motor 23 is fixedly installed inside the exhaust pipe 15, and the output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the rotating circular plate 22, and the rotation axis of the output end and the center of the circle of the rotating circular plate are on the same axis, so that the rotating circular plate 22 can rotate in the exhaust pipe 15. When the exhaust gas flow rate decreases, it can The spiral tube 5 of the telescopic part is stretched by the electric telescopic rod 16, and part of it enters the assembly groove 11, thereby reducing the heat exchange area. At this time, the rotating circular plate 22 is driven by the driving motor 23 to rotate, so that the exhaust channel is reduced, and the residence time of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange space is increased, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. When the exhaust gas flow rate is large, the spiral tube 5 is compressed by the electric telescopic rod 16, so that the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space is increased. At the same time, the driving motor 23 drives the rotating circular plate 22 to rotate, so that the exhaust hole corresponds to the air guide hole one by one, so that the exhaust channel is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved.

[0034] Among them, a more preferred embodiment is that an air inlet is formed at the bottom of the heat exchange space shell 1, and an air inlet plate 21 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell 1. The interior of the air inlet plate 21 and the air inlet form an air inlet channel. By setting the air inlet plate 21, the air inlet plate 21 and the bottom of the shell 1 form an air inlet channel. By opening the air inlet hole, the exhaust gas can enter the heat exchange space through the air inlet channel, so that the exhaust gas heat can be recovered by the heat exchanger.

[0035] Among them, the more preferred embodiment is that a rotating shaft 8 is rotatably installed inside the air intake plate 21, and a bowl-cup fan blade 4 is installed in an array on the circumferential outer wall of the rotating shaft 8. A speed detector 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the air intake plate 21, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8 can be monitored by the speed detector 3. A bowl-cup fan blade 4 is arranged inside the air intake channel, and the bowl-cup fan blade 4 can rotate on the rotating shaft 8. When the exhaust gas enters the heat exchange space through the air intake channel, the exhaust gas can drive the bowl-cup fan blade 4 to rotate. When the exhaust gas flow rate is large, the rotation speed of the bowl-cup fan blade 4 increases, and when the exhaust gas flow rate is small, the rotation speed of the bowl-cup fan blade 4 decreases, so that the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8 can be detected by the speed detector 3, so that an electrical signal can be sent to drive the electric telescopic rod 16 and the drive motor 23 to work, thereby realizing the stretching or compression of the spiral tube 5, changing the heat exchange area, rotating the circular plate 22, changing the size of the exhaust channel, thereby changing the residence time of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0036] Among the more preferred embodiments, a detection switching valve is provided at one end of the exhaust pipe 15 away from the exhaust hole. When the exhaust gas temperature meets the standard, it is discharged normally. When the exhaust gas does not meet the standard, the detection switching valve switches the channel to allow the exhaust gas to enter the heat exchange space again. After the exhaust gas undergoes heat exchange through the heat exchange space, it enters the exhaust pipe 15 through the exhaust hole. A detection switching valve is provided in the exhaust pipe 15. When the heat of the exhaust gas meets the emission standard, it is discharged to the outside of the shell 1 through the detection switching valve. When the heat of the exhaust gas does not meet the emission standard, the detection switching valve switches the channel to allow the exhaust gas to enter the heat exchange space again for heat exchange treatment until it meets the emission standard.

[0037] Among the more preferred embodiments, the working fluid is a substance that can convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, such as water vapor, refrigerant, liquid metal and carbon dioxide. The working fluid, also called the working medium, refers to the substance used to transfer and convert energy in a thermodynamic system or heat engine.

[0038] Among the more preferred embodiments, a telescopic tube 6 is fixedly installed at the end of the internal spiral tube 5 located in the assembly groove 11, and the telescopic tube 6 is connected to the outside of the shell 1. The telescopic tube 6 is a stretchable bellows. When the spiral tube 5 is stretched or compressed under the drive of the electric telescopic rod 16, the working medium can flow normally in the spiral tube 5 through the telescopic tube 6. The telescopic tube 6 is a bellows design, so that it can be stretched or compressed multiple times, thereby improving the service life of the heat exchanger.

[0039] Working principle: When the heat exchanger based on the heat of the exhaust gas of the coal-fired engine is used, the exhaust gas of the coal-fired engine enters the heat exchange space through the air intake channel formed by the air intake plate 21 and the bottom of the shell 1. In the air intake channel, the exhaust gas can cause the bowl cup fan blades 4 to rotate, so that the speed detector 3 detects the flow of the exhaust gas. When the exhaust gas flow is large, the speed detector 3 sends an electrical signal to drive the electric telescopic rod 16 and the drive motor 23. The electric telescopic rod 16 will drive the twist rod 17 to rotate on the torsion plate 12, so that the torsion plate 12, the torsion plate 2 13 and the torsion plate 3 14 are equidistantly displaced, so that the spiral tube 5 is compressed, thereby increasing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space. At the same time, the driving motor 23 rotates the rotating circular plate 22, so that the air guide holes and the exhaust holes correspond one to one. The exhaust channel is enlarged. When the exhaust gas flow rate decreases, the speed detector 3 sends an electrical signal, and the electric telescopic rod 16 works to stretch the spiral tube 5, thereby reducing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange space. At the same time, the driving motor 23 causes the rotating circular plate 22 to rotate to a certain extent, thereby reducing the area of ​​the exhaust hole, thereby increasing the residence time of the exhaust gas in the heat exchange space, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. After the exhaust gas heat is recovered, it enters the exhaust pipe 15 through the exhaust hole, and the exhausted gas passes through the detection switching valve. When the exhaust gas heat meets the standard, it will be discharged from the outside of the shell 1. When the exhaust gas heat does not meet the standard, the channel is changed through the detection switching valve, so that the exhaust gas that does not meet the standard enters the heat exchange space again until it meets the standard and is discharged from the outside of the shell 1.

[0040] The standard parts used in this embodiment can be purchased directly from the market, and the non-standard structural components recorded in the specification and the drawings can also be directly processed according to the existing technical common sense without any doubt. At the same time, the connection method of each component adopts the mature conventional means in the prior art, and the machinery, parts and equipment all adopt the conventional models in the prior art, so no specific description will be given here.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger based on the heat of coal-fired engine exhaust gas, characterized in that: include: A shell (1), a sealing plate (2) and an assembly (7) are fixedly installed inside the shell (1), a heat exchange space is formed between the shell (1), the sealing plate (2) and the assembly (7), an assembly groove (11) is designed inside the assembly (7), an exhaust pipe (15) is installed inside the assembly groove (11), a retractable spiral tube (5) is sleeved on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe (15) inside the assembly groove (11), a part of the outer part of the spiral tube (5) is located in the heat exchange space, a part of the outer part of the spiral tube (5) penetrates the inside of the sealing plate (2), and a heat exchange medium is stored inside the spiral tube (5); A control mechanism, wherein the control mechanism can compress the spiral tube (5) located in the assembly groove (11) into the heat exchange space to increase the heat exchange area; The heat exchange space is in communication with the interior of the exhaust pipe (15), and the heat exchange space is in communication with the air intake mechanism; The control mechanism comprises an assembly body (7) having two driving grooves (9) formed therein, and a torsion plate 1 (12), a torsion plate 2 (13) and a torsion plate 3 (14) are slidably mounted inside the heat exchange space and the assembly groove (11), the torsion plate 1 (12) and the torsion plate 3 (14) are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spiral tube (5) of the telescopic part, the torsion plate 2 (13) is located between the torsion plate 1 (12) and the torsion plate 3 (14), and a stretching unit capable of equidistantly displacing the torsion plate 1 (12), the torsion plate 2 (13) and the torsion plate 3 (14) is disposed inside the two driving grooves (9); The stretching unit comprises a first twist rod (17) hingedly mounted on the outer wall of the end of the assembly groove (11), a second twist rod (18) hingedly mounted on the end of the first twist rod (17), the end of the second twist rod (18) and the outer wall of the end of the second torsion plate (13) are hingedly designed, a fourth twist rod (20) is hingedly mounted on the outer wall of the end of the third torsion plate (14), a third twist rod (19) is hingedly mounted on the end of the fourth twist rod (20), and the third twist rod (19) is hingedly mounted on the outer wall of the end of the third torsion plate (14). The end of the second twist plate (13) is hingedly connected to the outer wall of the end of the second twist plate (13); the ends of the second twist rod (18) and the third twist rod (19) located on the outer wall of the end of the second twist plate (13) are meshingly connected; the second twist rod (18) and the third twist rod (19) will move synchronously toward or away from each other; an electric telescopic rod (16) is hingedly installed on the outer wall of any one of the twist rods (17); the end of the electric telescopic rod (16) is hingedly installed on the outer wall of the sealing plate (2); The outer wall of the exhaust pipe (15) located in the heat exchange space is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, and a rotating circular plate (22) is rotatably installed inside the exhaust pipe (15) located on one side of the exhaust hole. The rotating circular plate (22) and the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (15) on the one side of the exhaust hole are designed to fit tightly. The outer wall of the rotating circular plate (22) is provided with a plurality of air guide holes, and the plurality of air guide holes are designed to correspond to the plurality of exhaust holes. A driving unit capable of rotating the rotating circular plate (22) is provided inside the exhaust pipe (15).

2. The heat exchanger based on the heat of the coal-fired engine exhaust gas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drive unit comprises a plurality of fixed rods (24) mounted in a circumferential array on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (15), a drive motor (23) being fixedly mounted on the ends of the plurality of fixed rods (24), an output end of the drive motor (23) being fixedly connected to a rotating circular plate (22), and a rotation center of the output end of the drive motor (23) and a center of a circle of the rotating circular plate (22) being coaxial.

3. The heat exchanger based on the heat of the coal-fired engine exhaust gas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An air inlet is provided through the bottom of the shell (1) located in the heat exchange space, an air inlet plate (21) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the shell (1), and the interior of the air inlet plate (21) and the air inlet form an air inlet channel.

4. The heat exchanger based on the heat of the coal-fired engine exhaust gas according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A rotating shaft (8) is rotatably mounted inside the air intake plate (21), and a bowl and cup fan blade (4) is mounted in an array on the circumferential outer wall of the rotating shaft (8). A rotation speed detector (3) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the air intake plate (21), and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft (8) can be monitored by the rotation speed detector (3).

5. The heat exchanger based on the heat of the coal-fired engine exhaust gas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A detection switching valve is provided at one end of the exhaust pipe (15) away from the exhaust hole. When the exhaust gas temperature meets the standard, it is discharged normally. When the exhaust gas does not meet the standard, the detection switching valve switches the channel so that the exhaust gas enters the heat exchange space again.

6. The heat exchanger based on the heat of the tail gas of a coal-fired engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The working medium is a substance that can convert thermal energy into mechanical energy.

7. The heat exchanger based on the heat of the tail gas of the coal-fired engine according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A telescopic tube (6) is fixedly mounted on the end of the spiral tube (5) located inside the assembly groove (11); the telescopic tube (6) is connected to the outside of the housing (1); and the telescopic tube (6) is a stretchable corrugated tube.

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