A test apparatus and method for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel.

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering model testing technology, and proposes a test device and method for simulating fault displacement in cross-fault tunnels. The device includes: a first active surface, which defines the sidewall of the test cavity, and during the test, the first active surface generates a constant first loading force acting on the test cavity in the horizontal direction; a second active surface, which defines the end face of the test cavity, and generates a second loading force acting on the test cavity in the vertical direction, wherein the second loading force has a switchable vertical upward / downward or stationary direction, so that the test cavity forms upward / downward or stationary intervals respectively; wherein, when both stationary and upward intervals are formed in the test cavity, the test cavity is used to simulate reverse fault displacement; when both stationary and downward intervals are formed in the test cavity, the test cavity is used to simulate normal fault displacement. This improves the simulation effect of normal and reverse fault displacement tests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering model testing technology, and in particular relates to a test device and method for simulating the fault action of cross-fault tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Normal faults and reverse faults are two common types of faults in geology, differing significantly in geological structure, formation mechanism, and activity characteristics. Normal faults are characterized by a relative subsidence of the hanging wall strata and a relative uplift of the footwall strata, primarily causing tensile failure in tunnels. Reverse faults, on the other hand, involve a relative uplift of the hanging wall strata and a relative subsidence of the footwall strata, resulting in significant compressive stress on the tunnel. Both types of fault movement present challenges to tunnel design and construction. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken during tunnel design and construction to ensure the safe operation of tunnels.

[0003] Simulating fault displacement tests on tunnels is crucial for tunnel construction. Tunnel construction often inevitably involves traversing faults. The rock mass at fault locations has lower strength and stability and is prone to displacement during geological disasters such as earthquakes. During fault displacement, the tunnel is subjected to shear and tensile forces, leading to deformation and damage, significantly impacting its normal use and safety. To prevent fault displacement from affecting tunnel functionality and safety, research teams need to conduct model tests to simulate fault displacement phenomena and improve tunnel structures to enhance their resistance to fault displacement.

[0004] Currently, most model tests simulating tunnel resistance to fault slippage only perform basic fault slippage simulations. In actual engineering construction, since tunnels are mostly located underground, the stress conditions of tunnels are often more complex. Simply reproducing the fault slippage phenomenon cannot completely and realistically simulate the actual stress conditions of the tunnel. Therefore, this technical solution aims to propose a fault slippage simulation test device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test apparatus and method for simulating the fault action of cross-fault tunnels, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising:

[0007] The test chamber is used to simulate tunnel fault displacement tests;

[0008] A first active surface is provided to define the sidewall of the test chamber, and the first active surface is configured to generate a constant first loading force acting on the test chamber in the horizontal direction during the test.

[0009] The second active surface is given to define the end face of the test chamber. The second active surface is configured to form a second loading force acting on the test chamber in the vertical direction. The second loading force has a switchable vertical upward / downward or stationary direction, so that the test chamber is respectively configured to form an upward / downward or stationary interval.

[0010] Specifically, when the test chamber simultaneously contains the static zone and the upward zone, the test chamber is used to simulate reverse fault displacement; when the test chamber simultaneously contains the static zone and the downward zone, the test chamber is used to simulate normal fault displacement.

[0011] Preferred options also include:

[0012] The loading unit includes a plurality of loading plates evenly distributed on the first active surface and the second active surface. The loading plates are configured to cooperate to form a plurality of loading intervals covering the first active surface and the second active surface. The loading plates are slidably connected to adjacent first active surface or second active surface. When the loading end of the loading mechanism acts on the loading plate, the loading plate forms the first loading force and the second loading force respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the first active surface includes:

[0014] Four sidewalls are distributed in pairs opposite to each other and are fixed to each other on adjacent sides. The four sidewalls cooperate to enclose the sidewall of the test chamber.

[0015] The loading plates are arranged in an array on any one of the side wall panels, and the side wall panel is provided with a plurality of first limiting holes corresponding to the loading plates. The loading plates are slidably connected to the first limiting holes and penetrate the side wall panel.

[0016] Preferably, the second active surface includes:

[0017] Two end plates are fixed to the top and bottom of the test chamber, respectively. Several second limiting holes are provided on the end plates in an array, and the loading plate is slidably connected in the second limiting holes.

[0018] Preferably, the loading mechanism includes:

[0019] The reaction frame is the same number as the loading plate and corresponds to it one by one. The reaction frame is installed on the outer wall of the test chamber and fixed relative to the test chamber. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the side of the reaction frame near the test chamber, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the adjacent loading plate.

[0020] Preferred options also include:

[0021] Several crossbeams are sequentially fixed to the top surface of the end plate located above, and a gap is provided between adjacent crossbeams corresponding to the second limiting hole.

[0022] Preferred options also include:

[0023] The model hole is formed at the center of any of the sidewall panels.

[0024] A test method for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising the test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel as described in any of the preceding claims, further comprising the following steps:

[0025] The test chamber is formed by sequentially installing side wall panels and end plates;

[0026] The simulated material was filled and compacted into the test chamber, and then a tunnel model was placed inside the test chamber through the model hole.

[0027] Reaction frames are installed on the side wall plates and end plates, and loading plates that slide relative to the test chamber are connected through the reaction frames;

[0028] During the test, some loading plates on the end plates were moved upward or downward by hydraulic cylinders, while the remaining loading plates on the end plates remained stationary. At the same time, the loading plates on the side wall plates provided a constant load from the outside to the inside of the test cavity to simulate the reverse fault and normal fault of the tunnel under the action of ground stress.

[0029] After the test, the end plates and sidewalls were disassembled in sequence, and the internal simulation materials and tunnel model were removed.

[0030] Preferably, when some of the loading plates on the end plate are moved in an upward or downward direction, the loading plates on the end plate are divided into groups A and B, and the loading plates in group A on the top end plate are the same as the loading plates in group B on the bottom end plate. Group A consists of the partial loading plates, and group B consists of the remaining loading plates.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0032] In this technical solution, when simulating normal fault displacement, a static zone and a downward zone are formed in the test chamber, while in reverse fault displacement, a static zone and an upward zone are formed in the test chamber. By utilizing the different directions of the second loading force, a fault is generated at the joint between the static zone and the upward and downward zones. This not only enables normal and reverse fault displacement tests to be conducted separately, but also makes the overall device more closely resemble the actual environment, ensuring the effectiveness of the simulation test.

[0033] In addition, during the experiment, the proportional relationship between the static interval and the upward and downward intervals can be adjusted by switching the state of the second loading force, thereby generating different fault displacement conditions, improving the experimental effect, and making it easier for personnel to freely set experimental data and simulate different fault dip coefficients. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the crossbeam and the loading plate;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the side wall panel and the loading plate;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the loading plate and the hydraulic cylinder;

[0039] Figure 5 Diagram showing the state of normal fault displacement;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the state of reverse fault displacement.

[0041] Among them, 1. First active surface; 11. Side wall plate; 2. Second active surface; 21. End plate; 3. Crossbeam; 4. Loading plate; 5. Reaction frame; 6. Hydraulic cylinder; 7. Model hole. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Example: Refer to Figures 1-6 A test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising:

[0045] The test chamber is used to simulate tunnel fault displacement tests;

[0046] The first active surface 1 is given to define the side wall of the test chamber, and the first active surface 1 is configured to generate a first loading force with constant action on the test chamber in the horizontal direction during the test.

[0047] The second active surface 2 is given to define the end face of the test chamber. The second active surface 2 is configured to form a second loading force acting on the test chamber in the vertical direction. The second loading force has a switchable vertical upward / downward or stationary direction of action, so that the test chamber is respectively formed with upward / downward or stationary intervals.

[0048] Specifically, when a static zone and an upward zone are simultaneously formed within the test chamber, the test chamber is used to simulate reverse fault displacement; when a static zone and a downward zone are simultaneously formed within the test chamber, the test chamber is used to simulate normal fault displacement.

[0049] This invention utilizes a first active surface 1 and a second active surface 2 to form a test chamber for simulating tunnel faults. During the test, the first active surface 1 consistently generates a first loading force along the horizontal direction, acting towards the test chamber, thus simulating the constant stress acting on the tunnel during the test. The second active surface 2 generates a second loading force along the vertical direction, and this second loading force has a switchable upward, downward, or stationary direction, constituting the upward, downward, and stationary intervals of the test chamber, and defining them. When simulating normal fault displacement, the test chamber forms the stationary and downward intervals respectively, while when simulating reverse fault displacement, the test chamber forms the stationary and upward intervals respectively. By utilizing the different directions of the second loading force, a fault is generated at the joint between the stationary interval and the upward and downward intervals, closely conforming to the actual environment and ensuring the effectiveness of the simulation test.

[0050] Furthermore, during the experiment, the proportional relationship between the static interval and the upward and downward intervals can be adjusted by switching the state of the second loading force, thereby generating different fault displacement conditions, improving the experimental effect, and making it easier for personnel to freely set experimental data and simulate different fault dip coefficients.

[0051] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0052] The loading unit includes a plurality of loading plates 4 evenly distributed on the first active surface 1 and the second active surface 2. The loading plates 4 are configured to cooperate to form a plurality of loading intervals covering the first active surface 1 and the second active surface 2. The loading plates 4 are slidably connected to the adjacent first active surface 1 or second active surface 2. When the loading end of the loading mechanism acts on the loading plate 4, the loading plate 4 forms a first loading force and a second loading force respectively.

[0053] By evenly distributing several loading plates 4 on the first active surface 1 and the second active surface 2, and by providing loading action to the loading plates 4 through the loading mechanism, a first loading force and a second loading force are formed. The action of the first loading force and the second loading force are formed by the cooperation of several loading plates 4, thereby realizing the disassembly and decomposition of the loading mechanism, which makes it easy for personnel to freely adjust the loading action angle and the coverage area of ​​the loading interval. Furthermore, the evenly distributed loading plates 4 ensure the uniform application of the loading force.

[0054] Furthermore, the first active surface 1 includes:

[0055] Four side wall panels 11 are distributed in pairs opposite each other and are fixed to each other on adjacent sides. The four side wall panels 11 cooperate to enclose the side wall surface of the test chamber.

[0056] Among them, there are several loading plates 4 arranged in an array on any side wall panel 11, and several first limiting holes corresponding one-to-one with the loading plates 4 are opened on the side wall panel 11. The loading plates 4 are limited and slidably connected with the first limiting holes and penetrate the side wall panel 11.

[0057] By arranging the four sidewall plates 11 in pairs opposite each other, the loading plate 4 can always apply the first loading force in the horizontal direction of front-back and left-right, and in the direction from outside to inside the test chamber, so as to simulate the application of tunnel stress in the test chamber and improve the test effect. In addition, the loading plate 4 is slidably fitted in the first limiting holes opened in an array to ensure the uniformity of the application of the first loading force.

[0058] Furthermore, the second active surface 2 includes:

[0059] Two end plates 21 are fixed to the top and bottom of the test chamber, respectively. Several second limiting holes are provided on the end plates 21 in an array. Loading plates 4 are slidably connected in the second limiting holes.

[0060] Correspondingly, the second limiting holes arranged in an array provide a second loading force in the vertical direction through the loading plate 4, and under the drive control of the loading mechanism, the loading plate 4 in the second limiting holes is positioned in a downward, upward or stationary loading direction relative to the end plate 21, thereby providing a second loading force.

[0061] Furthermore, the loading mechanism includes:

[0062] The reaction frame 5 is the same number as the loading plate 4 and corresponds one-to-one. The reaction frame 5 is installed on the outer wall of the test chamber and fixed relative to the test chamber. One end of the oil cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the side of the reaction frame 5 near the test chamber, and the other end of the oil cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the adjacent loading plate 4.

[0063] By using the reaction frame 5 fixed in the first limiting hole and the second limiting hole, and by fixing the oil cylinder 6 to the adjacent side wall plate 11 or end plate 21 through the reaction frame 5, and fixing the other end of the oil cylinder 6 to the loading plate 4, the loading control of the loading plate 4 is realized.

[0064] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0065] Several crossbeams 3 are sequentially fixed to the top surface of the upper end plate 21, and a gap is provided between adjacent crossbeams 3 corresponding to the second limiting hole.

[0066] Reference Figure 2 Five crossbeams 3 are fixed to the top surface of the end plate 21 at the top. By opening through holes in the center of the crossbeams 3 and dividing them with welded partitions (not marked in the figure) corresponding to the positions of the second limiting holes, the second loading force is divided into zones, and the structural strength of the end plate 21 is improved.

[0067] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0068] Model hole 7 is opened in the center of either side wall panel 11.

[0069] A test method for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising the test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to any one of the above claims, further comprising the following steps:

[0070] The test chamber is formed by sequentially installing the side wall plate 11 and the end plate 21;

[0071] The simulated material was filled and compacted into the test chamber, and then the tunnel model was placed in the test chamber through the model hole 7.

[0072] A reaction frame 5 is installed on the side wall plate 11 and the end plate 21, and a loading plate 4 that slides relative to the test chamber is connected through the reaction frame 5;

[0073] During the test, the hydraulic cylinders 6 were used to move some of the loading plates 4 on the end plates 21 in the upward or downward direction, while the remaining loading plates 4 on the end plates 21 remained stationary. At the same time, the loading plates 4 on the side wall plates 11 provided constant loading in the test cavity from the outside to the inside, so as to simulate the reverse fault and normal fault of the tunnel under the action of ground stress.

[0074] After the test, the end plate 21 and the side wall plate 11 were disassembled in sequence, and the internal simulation materials and tunnel model were removed.

[0075] Furthermore, when some of the loading plates 4 on the end plate 21 are moved in an upward or downward direction, the loading plates 4 on the end plate 21 are divided into groups A and B. The loading plates 4 in group A on the top end plate 21 are the same as the loading plates 4 in group B on the bottom end. Group A consists of some of the loading plates 4, and group B consists of the remaining loading plates 4.

[0076] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 As is understandable, group A corresponds to area A in the diagram, and group B corresponds to area B in the diagram. The second limiting hole is divided into groups A and B by computer program installation. During the test, the control system directly drives and controls the hydraulic cylinder 6 to stabilize the corresponding loading plate 4 of group A, while controlling the upward or downward loading direction of the loading plate 4 of group B, thereby forming a static zone and an upward / downward zone in the test chamber, which constitutes a simulation of the tunnel fault.

[0077] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0078] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating the fault motion of a cross-fault tunnel, characterized in that, include: The test chamber is used to simulate tunnel fault displacement tests; The first active surface (1) is given to define the side wall of the test chamber, and the first active surface (1) is configured to generate a first loading force acting on the test chamber in the horizontal direction during the test. The second active surface (2) is given to define the end face of the test chamber. The second active surface (2) is configured to form a second loading force acting on the test chamber in the vertical direction. The second loading force has a switchable vertical upward / downward or stationary direction, so that the test chamber is respectively formed with upward / downward or stationary intervals. Specifically, when the test chamber simultaneously contains the static zone and the upward zone, the test chamber is used to simulate reverse fault displacement; when the test chamber simultaneously contains the static zone and the downward zone, the test chamber is used to simulate normal fault displacement.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The loading unit includes a plurality of loading plates (4) evenly distributed on the first active surface (1) and the second active surface (2). The loading plates (4) are configured to cooperate to form a plurality of loading intervals covering the first active surface (1) and the second active surface (2). The loading plates (4) are slidably connected to the adjacent first active surface (1) or second active surface (2). When the loading end of the loading mechanism acts on the loading plate (4), the loading plate (4) forms the first loading force and the second loading force respectively.

3. The test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first active surface (1) includes: Four sidewalls (11) are distributed in pairs opposite each other and are fixed to each other on adjacent sides. The four sidewalls (11) cooperate to enclose the sidewall of the test chamber. Among them, there are several loading plates (4) arranged in an array on any one of the side wall plates (11), and the side wall plate (11) is provided with several first limiting holes corresponding to the loading plates (4). The loading plates (4) are slidably connected to the first limiting holes and penetrate the side wall plate (11).

4. The test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second active surface (2) includes: Two end plates (21) are fixed to the top and bottom of the test chamber respectively. Several second limiting holes are provided on the end plates (21) in an array. The loading plate (4) is slidably connected in the second limiting holes.

5. The test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The loading mechanism includes: The reaction frame (5) is the same number as the loading plate (4) and corresponds one-to-one. The reaction frame (5) is installed on the outer wall of the test chamber and fixed relative to the test chamber. One end of the oil cylinder (6) is fixed to the side of the reaction frame (5) near the test chamber, and the other end of the oil cylinder (6) is fixed to the adjacent loading plate (4).

6. The test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: Several crossbeams (3) are sequentially fixed to the top surface of the end plate (21) located above, and a gap is provided between two adjacent crossbeams (3) corresponding to the second limiting hole.

7. The test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The model hole (7) is opened at the center of any of the side wall plates (11).

8. A test method for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel, and a test apparatus for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: The test chamber is formed by sequentially installing the side wall panels (11) and the end plates (21); The simulated material was filled and compacted into the test chamber, and then a tunnel model was placed in the test chamber through the model hole (7); A reaction frame (5) is installed on the side wall plate (11) and the end plate (21), and a loading plate (4) that slides relative to the test chamber is connected through the reaction frame (5); During the test, the loading plates (4) on the two end plates (21) were moved upward or downward by the hydraulic cylinder (6), while the remaining loading plates (4) on the end plates (21) remained stationary. At the same time, the loading plates (4) on the side wall plate (11) provided constant loading from the outside to the inside of the test cavity to simulate the reverse fault and normal fault of the tunnel under the action of ground stress. After the test, the end plate (21) and side wall plate (11) were disassembled in sequence, and the internal simulation materials and tunnel model were removed.

9. The test method for simulating the fault action of a cross-fault tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, When some of the loading plates (4) on the end plate (21) are moved in an upward or downward direction, the loading plates (4) on the end plate (21) are divided into groups A and B. The loading plates (4) in group A on the top end plate (21) are the same as the loading plates (4) in group B on the bottom end. Group A is the partial loading plates (4) and group B is the remaining loading plates (4).

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