Method, device and equipment for automatic modeling of urban floods using multi-resolution data coupling

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of disaster prediction technology, and more particularly to a multi-resolution data-coupled urban flood automatic modeling method, apparatus, and equipment, including: obtaining relevant data on surface water flow and soil water flow in the simulated area, and obtaining hydrological runoff results for the area based on these data; obtaining data such as river channel water depth, flow direction, flow friction resistance, etc. in the simulated area, and calculating two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results in the hydrodynamic convergence based on these data; obtaining the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction along the cross-sectional area, and mass source and sink items of the simulated area, and calculating one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results based on these data; synthesizing the various calculation results to obtain two-dimensional simulation results and one-dimensional simulation results, and simulating the flood process in the simulated area based on the two simulation results. Flood disasters in urban areas are simulated using the AUTO-SHEDS model to effectively prevent flood disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster prediction, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for automatic modeling of urban floods coupled with multi-resolution data. Background Art

[0002] Floods are a common natural disaster, encompassing both floods and rainwater-related waterlogging. Floods are caused by increased water volume and rising water levels in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas due to heavy rainfall, snowmelt, ice slush, dam breaches, storm surges, and other factors, leading to overflowing and flash floods. Rainwater-related waterlogging is caused by excessive accumulation and runoff from heavy rain, torrential downpours, or prolonged periods of concentrated rainfall, leading to flooding and submersion of land and buildings. Once a flood occurs, it can cause significant economic losses to urban areas, necessitating early observation and early warning.

[0003] In related technologies, the grid-based meteorological model WRF and the watershed hydrological model SWMM are usually used to simulate flood disasters in urban areas. Meteorological simulation calculations are performed based on boundary data and rainfall distribution data, thereby providing reliable flood risk assessments for urban areas and proposing targeted prevention and control strategies.

[0004] However, calculations using multiple data models are more complex, require more boundary data, and data collection requires more manpower costs; once an error occurs in a step of the calculation process, subsequent calculation results will be affected, and there is a problem of high error correction costs that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method, device and equipment, which fully utilizes multi-source vector / raster data such as road network, river network, elevation, land use type, etc. to establish an AUTO-SHEDS model, thereby realizing the automatic construction of the urban flood model.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Obtaining the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount of the area to be simulated, and obtaining the hydrological runoff production result of the area to be simulated based on the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount;

[0008] Acquiring a simulated water depth of the area to be simulated, a first vertical average velocity of the water flow along a first direction, a second vertical average velocity of the water flow along a second direction, a bottom elevation, a net mass flux, a first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and a second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction, and performing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculation based on the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity, the second vertical average velocity, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance, and the second friction resistance to obtain a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result in the hydrodynamic confluence;

[0009] Obtaining the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow rate, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction of water flow along the cross-sectional area, and mass source and sink items of the area to be simulated, and performing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation based on the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional average flow rate, the cross-sectional total head, the main flow direction of water flow along the cross-sectional area, and the mass source and sink items to obtain a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence;

[0010] A two-dimensional simulation result and a one-dimensional simulation result are obtained according to the hydrological runoff result, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result, and the flood process of the area to be simulated is simulated according to the two-dimensional simulation result and the one-dimensional simulation result.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological runoff result includes at least one of a canopy interception sub-process, a depression storage sub-process, a soil water movement sub-process, and a groundwater recharge sub-process.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is characterized in that the hydrodynamic convergence includes at least one of a two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, a one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, a one-dimensional river flood sub-process, and a two-dimensional river flood sub-process.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrodynamic convergence also includes the interactive coupling process between the two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, the one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, the one-dimensional river flooding sub-process and the two-dimensional river flooding sub-process.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological runoff result of the area to be simulated is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, S is the average water depth of the unit, P is the average rainfall intensity of the unit, T is the average interception of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with the relevant vegetation cover ratio), E is the average evaporation of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with relevant meteorological driving observation data), R is the runoff, and I is the actual soil infiltration taking into account situations such as return flow.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0018]

[0019] Where h is the water depth, z b is the bottom elevation, P is the net mass flux caused by rainfall, infiltration, etc., S fx ,S fy is the frictional resistance of water flow along the x and y directions.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, A is the cross-sectional area, Q is the average flow rate of the cross section, H is the total head of the cross section, S f is the friction resistance of water flow along the main flow direction of the section, calculated according to the Manning formula, and S is the mass source and sink term.

[0023] According to the multi-resolution data coupled automatic modeling method for urban flooding proposed in an embodiment of the present invention, the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception capacity, unit average evaporation capacity, runoff production and actual soil infiltration capacity of the area to be simulated are obtained, and the hydrological runoff production results of the area are obtained based on these data; the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity of the water flow along the first direction, the second vertical average velocity of the water flow along the second direction, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and the second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction of the area to be simulated are obtained, and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results in the hydrodynamic convergence are calculated based on these data; the cross-sectional area, the average cross-sectional flow rate, the total cross-sectional head, the main flow direction of the water flow along the cross-sectional area and the mass source and sink items are obtained, and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results are calculated based on these data; the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results are obtained based on the hydrological runoff production results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and the flood process of the area to be simulated is simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results. Therefore, by establishing the AUTO-SHEDS model, flood disasters in urban areas are simulated and effective prevention measures are taken.

[0024] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, a second embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic urban flood modeling device using multi-resolution data coupling, comprising:

[0025] an acquisition module, configured to acquire the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount of the area to be simulated, and obtain the hydrological runoff production result of the area to be simulated based on the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount;

[0026] a first calculation module, configured to obtain a simulated water depth of the area to be simulated, a first vertical average velocity of the water flow along a first direction, a second vertical average velocity of the water flow along a second direction, a bottom elevation, a net mass flux, a first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and a second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction, and perform a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculation based on the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity, the second vertical average velocity, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance, and the second friction resistance to obtain a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result in the hydrodynamic confluence;

[0027] a second calculation module, configured to obtain a cross-sectional area, a cross-sectional average flow rate, a cross-sectional total head, a main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area, and a mass source and sink item of the area to be simulated, and perform a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation based on the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional average flow rate, the cross-sectional total head, the main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area, and the mass source and sink item to obtain a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence;

[0028] A simulation module is used to obtain two-dimensional simulation results and one-dimensional simulation results based on the hydrological runoff results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and to simulate the flood process of the area to be simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological runoff result includes at least one of a canopy interception sub-process, a depression storage sub-process, a soil water movement sub-process, and a groundwater recharge sub-process.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrodynamic convergence includes at least one of a two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, a one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, a one-dimensional river flooding sub-process, and a two-dimensional river flooding sub-process.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrodynamic convergence also includes the interactive coupling process between the two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, the one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, the one-dimensional river flooding sub-process and the two-dimensional river flooding sub-process.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological runoff result of the area to be simulated is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, S is the average water depth of the unit, P is the average rainfall intensity of the unit, T is the average interception of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with the relevant vegetation cover ratio), E is the average evaporation of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with relevant meteorological driving observation data), R is the runoff, and I is the actual soil infiltration taking into account situations such as return flow.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0036]

[0037] Where h is the water depth, z b is the bottom elevation, P is the net mass flux caused by rainfall, infiltration, etc., S fx ,S fy is the frictional resistance of water flow along the x and y directions.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, A is the cross-sectional area, Q is the average flow rate of the cross section, H is the total head of the cross section, S f is the friction resistance of water flow along the main flow direction of the section, calculated according to the Manning formula, and S is the mass source and sink term.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-resolution data-coupled urban flood automatic modeling device obtains the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception capacity, unit average evaporation capacity, runoff production, and actual soil infiltration capacity of the area to be simulated, and obtains the hydrological runoff production results of the area based on these data; obtains the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity of the water flow along the first direction, the second vertical average velocity of the water flow along the second direction, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and the second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction of the area to be simulated, and calculates the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results in the hydrodynamic convergence based on these data; obtains the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional average flow rate, the cross-sectional total head, the main flow direction of the water flow along the cross-sectional area, and the mass source and sink items of the area to be simulated, and calculates the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results based on these data; obtains the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results based on the hydrological runoff production results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and simulates the flood process of the area to be simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results. Therefore, by establishing the AUTO-SHEDS model, flood disasters in urban areas are simulated and effective prevention measures are taken.

[0042] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the third aspect of the present invention proposes an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method as described in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0043] To achieve the above objectives, the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to implement the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method as described in the above embodiments.

[0044] To achieve the above objectives, a fifth embodiment of the present invention proposes a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method as described in the above embodiment.

[0045] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart of an automatic urban flood modeling method coupled with multi-resolution data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the principles of the AUTO-SHEDS model and hydrological and hydrodynamic calculations provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a calculation flow of a multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an automatic urban flood modeling apparatus coupled with multi-resolution data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Among them, 10 is an automatic modeling device for urban flooding coupled with multi-resolution data; 100 is an acquisition module, 200 is a first calculation module, 300 is a second calculation module, 400 is a simulation module; 501 is a memory, 502 is a processor, and 503 is a communication interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0054] The following describes the method, device and apparatus for automatically modeling urban floods with multi-resolution data coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, the method for automatically modeling urban floods with multi-resolution data coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Before introducing the flood process method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the AUTO-SHEDS model used in the present invention is briefly introduced.

[0056] The AUTO-SHEDS model is a hydrological and hydrodynamic model suitable for automatic modeling of urban floods by coupling multi-resolution data in urban areas. It describes the complete hydrological and hydrodynamic processes of flood events in urban basins, such as Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0057] (1) Hydrological runoff: mainly includes canopy interception, depression storage, soil water movement, groundwater recharge and other sub-processes and their underlying coupling processes with hydrodynamic convergence;

[0058] (2) Hydrodynamic confluence: mainly includes sub-processes such as two-dimensional surface flow, one-dimensional pipe confluence, one-dimensional / two-dimensional river flow, and the interactive coupling process between each sub-process.

[0059] Taking into account the high heterogeneity of the underlying surface in urban areas, the AUTO-SHEDS model makes full use of multi-source vector / raster data such as road networks, river networks, elevations, and land use types to realize the automated construction of urban flood models.

[0060] Specifically, the AUTO-SHEDS model discretizes the simulated area into a number of irregular cells using road and river network data. It then automatically identifies pathological cells based on morphological indicators and other factors. Using a "divide first, then combine" approach, it automatically optimizes the morphology of these irregular cells, minimizing internal heterogeneity. These cells are then used as representative urban elements (RUEs) for calculating relevant urban hydrological processes and generating runoff for each unit. Within each RUE, the AUTO-SHEDS model automatically creates a triangulated mesh based on user-specified mesh density (optional), geometric boundary constraints, and local elevation features. This mesh is used to calculate two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence processes, such as surface overland flow and wide river flooding within and between cells, under the influence of RUE runoff. Furthermore, based on existing stormwater inlets and outfall distribution data, the model automatically establishes topological connections between the surface triangulated mesh and the river and pipe networks, enabling the calculation of one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence processes, such as pipe network drainage and narrow river flooding.

[0061] In particular, when users can provide a digital elevation model (DEM) with meter-level resolution, the AUTO-SHEDS model can effectively improve the modeling quality of the following processes:

[0062] (1) Confluence process in riverbank area: The AUTO-SHEDS model uses computer image processing algorithms represented by mutation detection and binary segmentation to identify the elevation discontinuity characteristics in the riverbank area, thereby automatically setting two types of boundary conditions: vertical embankment and free flow, and matching the node elevation values ​​of the corresponding river channel and riverbank grids, effectively eliminating the elevation ambiguity problem at the vertical embankment and realizing a refined representation of the flood coupling process in the riverbank area.

[0063] (2) Underground pipe network confluence process: The AUTO-SHEDS model uses a two-step mathematical programming algorithm of "0 / 1 integer programming to determine the flow direction and linear programming to determine the burial depth". It uses known drainage pipe structure information and common drainage design standards to automatically estimate the reasonable value of the bottom height of underground pipe nodes, effectively solving the problem of pipe drainage modeling in areas with insufficient underground pipe data.

[0064] Among them, the pipeline main direction estimation algorithm based on 0 / 1 integer programming is denoted as G = (V, E), where V is the node set and E = {e ij} is the connection set. The algorithm outputs the corresponding directed graph G D , the directed connection value between each node Defined as:

[0065]

[0066] in, Represents a node v in the undirected graph G i The set of neighbor nodes.

[0067] Establish the following 0 / 1 integer programming problem to determine the directed connection Optimal value:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Among them, |C k | is the biconnected component C k The number of nodes included, It is the initial estimate of the main flow direction of the canal system, which can be determined by the relative size relationship of the surface elevation between nodes by default, and it is agreed that

[0071] Considering that the actual canal system often needs to meet the relevant minimum design slope constraints (for example, for rainwater pipes, the design slope should not be less than 0.002), based on this and combining some measured canal node bottom height values, the canal system bottom height can be reasonably estimated. Therefore, another canal bottom height estimation algorithm based on linear programming is based on the directed graph G output in the first step. D , based on a given minimum design slope i min ≥0, establish the following mathematical programming problem to estimate the bottom height z of the pipeline node i Optimal value:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Where K = |p(v i ,v j )| is the subpath p(v i ,v j ) contains the number of nodes

[0075] In combination with the above-mentioned technical means, the present invention provides an automatic modeling method for urban floods coupled with multi-resolution data, which obtains the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception capacity, unit average evaporation capacity, runoff and actual soil infiltration capacity of the area to be simulated, and obtains the hydrological runoff results of the area based on these data; obtains the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity of the water flow along the first direction, the second vertical average velocity of the water flow along the second direction, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and the second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction of the area to be simulated, and calculates the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results in the hydrodynamic convergence based on these data; obtains the cross-sectional area, the average flow rate of the cross-sectional area, the total head of the cross-sectional area, the main direction of the water flow along the cross-sectional area and the mass source and sink items, and calculates the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results based on these data; obtains the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results based on the hydrological runoff results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and simulates the flood process of the area to be simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results. Therefore, by establishing the AUTO-SHEDS model, flood disasters in urban areas are simulated and effective prevention measures are taken.

[0076] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an automatic urban flood modeling method using multi-resolution data coupling provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG, the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method includes the following steps:

[0078] In step S101, the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception amount, unit average evaporation amount, runoff and actual soil infiltration amount of the area to be simulated are obtained, and the hydrological runoff result of the area to be simulated is obtained based on the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception amount, unit average evaporation amount, runoff and actual soil infiltration amount.

[0079] Optionally, in some embodiments, the hydrological runoff result includes at least one of a canopy interception sub-process, a depression storage sub-process, a soil water movement sub-process, and a groundwater recharge sub-process.

[0080] It is understandable that hydrological runoff generation mainly includes sub-processes such as canopy interception, depression storage, soil water movement, groundwater recharge and their underlying coupling processes with hydrodynamic convergence.

[0081] Optionally, in some embodiments, the hydrological runoff result of the area to be simulated is:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, S is the average water depth of the unit, P is the average rainfall intensity of the unit, T is the average interception of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with the relevant vegetation cover ratio), E is the average evaporation of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with relevant meteorological driving observation data), R is the runoff, and I is the actual soil infiltration taking into account situations such as return flow.

[0084] Specifically, the AUTO-SHEDS model uses RUE as the basic simulation unit to calculate rainfall runoff, and its governing equation is the water balance equation:

[0085]

[0086] Where S is the average water depth per unit, P is the average rainfall intensity per unit, T is the average interception rate per unit (which can be estimated by combining relevant vegetation cover ratios), E is the average evaporation rate per unit (which can be estimated by combining relevant meteorological driving observation data), R is the runoff, and I is the actual soil infiltration rate taking into account return flow and other conditions. The one-dimensional Richards equation along the vertical direction must be used to solve it:

[0087]

[0088] Where θ is the soil volumetric moisture content, S is the soil water source and sink term caused by processes such as infiltration or return flow, D is the soil water diffusivity, and K is the soil hydraulic conductivity, which can be parameterized as follows according to the relevant empirical model:

[0089]

[0090] Where K s ,ψ s ,θ s ,θ r , b is a characteristic parameter related to soil type and can be determined by consulting relevant empirical manuals, so it is not detailed here. The AUTO-SHEDS model uses a two-step explicit finite difference method that combines "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches to solve the Richards equation. Based on the saturated moisture content of the surface soil, it determines the occurrence of return flow and the actual amount of infiltration, thereby establishing a flux exchange relationship between surface water flow and subsoil flow. This model can generally meet the needs of surface water-soil water coupling calculations in urban areas.

[0091] In step S102, the simulated water depth of the area to be simulated, the first vertical average velocity of the water flow along the first direction, the second vertical average velocity of the water flow along the second direction, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and the second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction are obtained, and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation is performed based on the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity, the second vertical average velocity, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance, and the second friction resistance to obtain a two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence.

[0092] Optionally, in some embodiments, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0093]

[0094] Where h is the water depth, z b is the bottom elevation, P is the net mass flux caused by rainfall, infiltration, etc., S fx ,S fy is the frictional resistance of water flow along the x and y directions.

[0095] Specifically, the AUTO-SHEDS model uses the triangular meshes generated by RUE as basic units to perform two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculations. It can be used to simulate scenarios such as overland flow and river flooding. Its governing equation is the two-dimensional shallow water equation:

[0096]

[0097] The vectors involved in the formula are specifically:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Where h is the water depth, u and v are the average vertical velocities of the water flow in the x and y directions, and z is the vertical velocity of the water flow in the x and y directions. b is the bottom elevation, P is the net mass flux caused by rainfall, infiltration, etc., S fx ,S fy is the friction resistance of water flow along the x and y directions, which can be calculated using the Manning formula:

[0101]

[0102] The AUTO-SHEDS model solves the aforementioned system of equations using a semi-implicit finite volume method based on discretization of unstructured triangular mesh elements. The model employs the MUSCL linear reconstruction scheme for variable reconstruction, the HLLC solver for solving the Riemann problem at the element interface, and the Hancock predictor-corrector scheme for time stepping. This approach achieves second-order spatiotemporal accuracy in solving the equations. Furthermore, by storing bottom elevations in triangle vertices, the AUTO-SHEDS model achieves a second-order accuracy approximation of the actual terrain, fully reflecting the evolution of water flow in complex terrain.

[0103] In step S103, the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow rate, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area and mass source and sink items of the area to be simulated are obtained, and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation is performed based on the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow rate, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area and mass source and sink items to obtain a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence.

[0104] Optionally, in some embodiments, the one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, A is the cross-sectional area, Q is the average flow rate of the cross section, H is the total head of the cross section, S f is the friction resistance of water flow along the main flow direction of the section, calculated according to the Manning formula, and S is the mass source and sink term.

[0107] Specifically, the AUTO-SHEDS model uses "node-connection" as the basic unit to perform one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculations. It can be used to simulate scenarios such as pipe network drainage and river flooding. Its governing equation is the Saint-Venant equations:

[0108]

[0109] Where A is the cross-sectional area, Q is the average flow rate of the cross section, H is the total head of the cross section, S f is the friction resistance of water flow along the main flow direction of the section, calculated according to the Manning formula, and S is the mass source and sink term.

[0110] The AUTO-SHEDS model uses an implicit finite difference method based on "node-connection" discretization to solve the above equation system, and uses methods such as the Pressimann narrow slit method to calculate the alternating open and full flow conditions, which can effectively meet the hydraulic calculation needs of urban canal systems.

[0111] Optionally, in some embodiments, the hydrodynamic convergence includes at least one of a two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, a one-dimensional pipe flow sub-process, a one-dimensional river flooding sub-process, and a two-dimensional river flooding sub-process.

[0112] It can be understood that hydrodynamic confluence mainly includes sub-processes such as two-dimensional surface flow, one-dimensional pipe confluence, one-dimensional or two-dimensional river flood discharge, and the interactive coupling process between each sub-process.

[0113] In step S104, two-dimensional simulation results and one-dimensional simulation results are obtained according to the hydrological runoff results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and the flood process of the area to be simulated is simulated according to the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results.

[0114] In order to enable those skilled in the art to further understand the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of AUTO-SHEDS modeling and calculation is described in detail below with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0115] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the computational flow of a multi-resolution data-coupled automatic urban flood modeling method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The gray italicized portions indicate the core program files and key function names of the relevant functions (functions in Python coding are marked with a ".", and functions in C++ coding are marked with a "::"; functions without either type of marking symbol are program files, the same below).

[0116] First, perform two-dimensional simulation domain pre-processing. For two-dimensional simulation domain pre-processing, the AUTO-SHEDS model mainly uses input_formatter.py and Triangle tools to discretize the simulation domain and generate model input files. The relevant functions are summarized in Table 1:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Table 1

[0120] It should be noted that in scenarios where users can provide meter-resolution DEM data, the AUTO-SHEDS model provides pre-processing functions for near-river bank elevation correction and boundary condition adaptation through the lidar_utils.py file, enabling refined characterization of near-river bank flow characteristics. The relevant river channel boundary file can be fused to the 2D region internal control line layer using the fuseboundary function in the geo_utils.py file to generate the .poly file required for 2D meshing. This series of pre-processing functions is summarized in Table 2:

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] Table 2

[0124] After executing the input.formatter.shp2poly function to generate the .poly file, the user needs to use the Triangle tool to perform 2D meshing. The command line instructions (based on the bash command line) are:

[0125] Triangle-pq3a100ev x.poly

[0126] Among them, 30, 100 and xx.poly are the minimum internal angle, maximum area (in m2) and input .poly file path of the generated triangular mesh respectively.

[0127] By performing 2D meshing, you can obtain the .node, .edge, .ele, and v.edge related mesh files in the same directory as the input .poly file. Then, execute the input.formatter.Tri2IUHM function to read the basic mesh attributes to obtain the input mesh .h5 file required for 2D simulation.

[0128] To drive two-dimensional simulations, the AUTO-SHEDS model provides pre-processing functions for preparing one- and two-dimensional hydro-meteorological forcing through the forcing_reader.py file, including:

[0129] (1) prepareRainGauges: Input the rainfall observation sequence of a single rain gauge (stored in csv format, with the default column names TS and Rain_Tot, representing the rainfall observation time and the total rainfall in the corresponding period, respectively, in mm), and output the rainfall driver .h5 file.

[0130] (2) prepareRainMultiGauges: Input rainfall observation sequences of multiple rain gauges (stored in csv format, with column names of TS and rain gauge name by default, representing the rainfall observation time and the total rainfall of the rain gauge in the corresponding period, in mm), and output rainfall driver .h5 file.

[0131] (3) prepareRainGrids: Input multiple rainfall grid data (stored in .tif format, the grid value is the total rainfall at the corresponding grid point, in mm), and output the rainfall driver .h5 file.

[0132] (4) prepareInflowGauges: Input the flow observation sequence of a single water level control station (stored in csv format, the column names are T and Q by default, representing the flow observation time and the flow observation value at the corresponding time point, respectively, in m3 / s), and output the river inflow driver .h5 file.

[0133] It should be noted that with the development of meteorological observation technology, the spatial resolution of rainfall-driven products has become increasingly refined. Therefore, the AUTO-SHEDS model adopts the method of specifying rain gauges on two-dimensional cells and then searching for corresponding rainfall values ​​based on the rain gauges, which effectively reduces the memory space required for meteorological-driven data when running the model.

[0134] Next, we perform one-dimensional simulation domain pre-processing, mainly using input_formatter.py to generate the model input .inp file. The relevant functions are summarized in Table 3:

[0135]

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] Table 3

[0139] It should be noted that, in scenarios where users can provide meter-resolution DEM data, the AUTO-SHEDS model provides pre-processing functions for estimating the main flow direction of pipes and channels and estimating the underground depth through the geo_utils.py and swmm_utils.py files, respectively. These functions are used to modify the values ​​of relevant confluence parameters in the one-dimensional input .inp file, thereby enabling reasonable modeling and calculation of underground drainage systems in areas with limited data. The details are summarized in Table 4:

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Table 4

[0144] For the pre-processing of 1D-2D coupled simulations, the AUTO-SHEDS model mainly uses topology_coupler.py to establish the number mapping relationship between relevant point / line / surface element elements. The relevant pre-processing functions include:

[0145] (1) pt_pg_linkage: Input point feature .shp files and surface feature .shp files, and output feature topology .h5 files that reflect the spatial inclusion relationship between features. A typical application scenario is to establish a number mapping relationship between the nodes of a one-dimensional model rainwater inlet and the triangular mesh of a two-dimensional model.

[0146] (2) pt_pl_linkage: Input the one-dimensional model outlet node element .shp file (including the entrance and exit nodes of the culvert under the bridge), the river area polygon .shp file, the triangular grid point element .h5 file and the edge element .h5 file, and output the element topology .h5 file reflecting the number mapping relationship between the outlet and the river unit.

[0147] Finally, according to the simulation domain dimension, the AUTO-SHEDS (v2023.4) model output files are divided into two categories: two-dimensional grid output and one-dimensional node / connection segment output, and are stored in HDF5 format. The default names are "_2DRes_t.h5" and "_1DRes_t.h5" respectively (where t represents the current calculation time point of the coupling model).

[0148] According to the multi-resolution data coupled automatic modeling method for urban flooding proposed in an embodiment of the present invention, the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception capacity, unit average evaporation capacity, runoff production and actual soil infiltration capacity of the area to be simulated are obtained, and the hydrological runoff production results of the area are obtained based on these data; the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity of the water flow along the first direction, the second vertical average velocity of the water flow along the second direction, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and the second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction of the area to be simulated are obtained, and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results in the hydrodynamic convergence are calculated based on these data; the cross-sectional area, the average cross-sectional flow rate, the total cross-sectional head, the main flow direction of the water flow along the cross-sectional area and the mass source and sink items are obtained, and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results are calculated based on these data; the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results are obtained based on the hydrological runoff production results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and the flood process of the area to be simulated is simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results. Therefore, by establishing the AUTO-SHEDS model, flood disasters in urban areas are simulated and effective prevention measures are taken.

[0149] Next, the automatic urban flood modeling device coupled with multi-resolution data according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0150] Figure 4 4 is a block diagram of an automatic urban flood modeling device coupled with multi-resolution data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0151] like Figure 4 As shown, the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling device 10 includes: an acquisition module 100 , a first calculation module 200 , a second calculation module 300 and a simulation module 400 .

[0152] The acquisition module 100 is used to obtain the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception volume, unit average evaporation volume, runoff production and actual soil infiltration volume of the area to be simulated, and obtain the hydrological runoff production result of the area to be simulated based on the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception volume, unit average evaporation volume, runoff production and actual soil infiltration volume;

[0153] The first calculation module 200 is configured to obtain a simulated water depth, a first vertical average velocity of the water flow along a first direction, a second vertical average velocity of the water flow along a second direction, a bottom elevation, a net mass flux, a first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and a second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction of the area to be simulated, and perform a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculation based on the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity, the second vertical average velocity, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance, and the second friction resistance to obtain a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result in the hydrodynamic confluence;

[0154] The second calculation module 300 is used to obtain the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow rate, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area, and mass source and sink items of the area to be simulated, and perform a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation based on the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow rate, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area, and mass source and sink items to obtain a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence;

[0155] The simulation module 400 is used to obtain two-dimensional simulation results and one-dimensional simulation results based on the hydrological runoff results, two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and simulate the flood process of the area to be simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and one-dimensional simulation results.

[0156] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological runoff result includes at least one of a canopy interception sub-process, a depression storage sub-process, a soil water movement sub-process, and a groundwater recharge sub-process.

[0157] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrodynamic convergence includes at least one of a two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, a one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, a one-dimensional river flooding sub-process, and a two-dimensional river flooding sub-process.

[0158] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrodynamic convergence further includes a two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, a one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, a one-dimensional river flooding sub-process and an interactive coupling process between the two-dimensional river flooding sub-processes.

[0159] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological runoff result of the area to be simulated is:

[0160]

[0161] Among them, S is the average water depth of the unit, P is the average rainfall intensity of the unit, T is the average interception of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with the relevant vegetation cover ratio), E is the average evaporation of the unit (which can be estimated in combination with relevant meteorological driving observation data), R is the runoff, and I is the actual soil infiltration taking into account situations such as return flow.

[0162] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0163]

[0164] Where h is the water depth, z b is the bottom elevation, P is the net mass flux caused by rainfall, infiltration, etc., S fx ,S fy is the frictional resistance of water flow along the x and y directions.

[0165] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is:

[0166]

[0167] Among them, A is the cross-sectional area, Q is the average flow rate of the cross section, H is the total head of the cross section, S f is the friction resistance of water flow along the main flow direction of the section, calculated according to the Manning formula, and S is the mass source and sink term.

[0168] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-resolution data-coupled urban flood automatic modeling device obtains the unit average rainfall intensity, unit average interception capacity, unit average evaporation capacity, runoff production, and actual soil infiltration capacity of the area to be simulated, and obtains the hydrological runoff production results of the area based on these data; obtains the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity of the water flow along the first direction, the second vertical average velocity of the water flow along the second direction, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and the second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction of the area to be simulated, and calculates the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results in the hydrodynamic convergence based on these data; obtains the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional average flow rate, the cross-sectional total head, the main flow direction of the water flow along the cross-sectional area, and the mass source and sink items of the area to be simulated, and calculates the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results based on these data; obtains the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results based on the hydrological runoff production results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and simulates the flood process of the area to be simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results. Therefore, by establishing the AUTO-SHEDS model, flood disasters in urban areas are simulated and effective prevention measures are taken.

[0169] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device may include:

[0170] Memory 501 , processor 502 , and computer programs stored in the memory 501 and executable on the processor 502 .

[0171] When the processor 502 executes the program, the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method provided in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0172] Furthermore, the electronic device further includes:

[0173] The communication interface 503 is used for communication between the memory 501 and the processor 502 .

[0174] The memory 501 is used to store computer programs that can be run on the processor 502 .

[0175] The memory 501 may include a high-speed RAM (Random Access Memory) memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.

[0176] If the memory 501, the processor 502, and the communication interface 503 are implemented independently, the communication interface 503, the memory 501, and the processor 502 can be connected to each other via a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 5 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0177] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 501, the processor 502 and the communication interface 503 are integrated on a chip, the memory 501, the processor 502 and the communication interface 503 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0178] The processor 502 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention.

[0179] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method is implemented.

[0180] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method.

[0181] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0182] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0183] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Obtaining the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount of the area to be simulated, and obtaining the hydrological runoff production result of the area to be simulated based on the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount; Acquiring a simulated water depth of the area to be simulated, a first vertical average velocity of the water flow along a first direction, a second vertical average velocity of the water flow along a second direction, a bottom elevation, a net mass flux, a first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and a second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction, and performing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculation based on the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity, the second vertical average velocity, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance, and the second friction resistance to obtain a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result in the hydrodynamic confluence; Obtaining the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional average flow rate, cross-sectional total head, main flow direction of water flow along the cross-sectional area, and mass source and sink items of the area to be simulated, and performing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation based on the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional average flow rate, the cross-sectional total head, the main flow direction of water flow along the cross-sectional area, and the mass source and sink items to obtain a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence; A two-dimensional simulation result and a one-dimensional simulation result are obtained according to the hydrological runoff result, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result, and the flood process of the area to be simulated is simulated according to the two-dimensional simulation result and the one-dimensional simulation result.

2. The multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrological runoff generation result includes at least one of a canopy interception sub-process, a depression storage sub-process, a soil water movement sub-process, and a groundwater recharge sub-process.

3. The multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrodynamic convergence includes at least one of a two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, a one-dimensional pipe convergence sub-process, a one-dimensional river flood flow sub-process, and a two-dimensional river flood flow sub-process.

4. The multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The hydrodynamic convergence also includes the interactive coupling process between the two-dimensional surface flow sub-process, the one-dimensional pipeline convergence sub-process, the one-dimensional river flood sub-process and the two-dimensional river flood sub-process.

5. The multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrological runoff results of the area to be simulated are: Among them, S is the average water depth of the unit, P is the average rainfall intensity of the unit, T is the average interception volume of the unit, E is the average evaporation volume of the unit, R is the runoff, and I is the actual soil infiltration volume.

6. The multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is: Where h is the water depth, z b is the bottom elevation, P is the net mass flux caused by rainfall and infiltration, S fx , S fy is the frictional resistance of water flow along the x and y directions.

7. The multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The one-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result is: Among them, A is the cross-sectional area, Q is the average flow rate of the cross section, H is the total head of the cross section, S f is the friction resistance of water flow along the main flow direction of the section, calculated according to the Manning formula, and S is the mass source and sink term.

8. An automatic urban flood modeling device coupled with multi-resolution data, characterized in that: include: an acquisition module, configured to acquire the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount of the area to be simulated, and obtain the hydrological runoff production result of the area to be simulated based on the unit average rainfall intensity, the unit average interception amount, the unit average evaporation amount, the runoff production and the actual soil infiltration amount; a first calculation module, configured to obtain a simulated water depth of the area to be simulated, a first vertical average velocity of the water flow along a first direction, a second vertical average velocity of the water flow along a second direction, a bottom elevation, a net mass flux, a first friction resistance of the water flow along the first direction, and a second friction resistance of the water flow along the second direction, and perform a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence calculation based on the simulated water depth, the first vertical average velocity, the second vertical average velocity, the bottom elevation, the net mass flux, the first friction resistance, and the second friction resistance to obtain a two-dimensional hydrodynamic confluence result in the hydrodynamic confluence; a second calculation module, configured to obtain a cross-sectional area, a cross-sectional average flow rate, a cross-sectional total head, a main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area, and a mass source and sink item of the area to be simulated, and perform a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence calculation based on the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional average flow rate, the cross-sectional total head, the main flow direction of water along the cross-sectional area, and the mass source and sink item to obtain a one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence result in the hydrodynamic convergence; A simulation module is used to obtain two-dimensional simulation results and one-dimensional simulation results based on the hydrological runoff results, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results and the one-dimensional hydrodynamic convergence results, and to simulate the flood process of the area to be simulated based on the two-dimensional simulation results and the one-dimensional simulation results.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the multi-resolution data coupled urban flood automatic modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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