Solar cells and electrical devices

Abstract

The present application discloses a solar cell and an electrical device. The solar cell includes a substrate, a battery structure and a support structure. The battery structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and includes a plurality of battery cells arranged at intervals along a first direction. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a photosensitive layer and a second electrode stacked along a second direction. The photosensitive layer has a via hole along the second direction. The second electrode is connected to the first electrode of an adjacent battery cell through the via hole. A positioning groove is opened along the second direction in the battery structure. The orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the via hole on the substrate, or the orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the gap between the second electrodes of two adjacent battery cells on the substrate. The support structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and protrudes relative to the second electrode toward a side away from the substrate along the second direction. The support structure is arranged in the positioning groove. The first direction intersects with the second direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a solar cell and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a vital role in the progress of the electronics industry. As a new type of semiconductor, perovskite has many advantages such as long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, adjustable band gap, and large absorption coefficient. Compared with traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite has a simple preparation process and low cost, which has great advantages in the semiconductor field. Up to now, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and T95 has exceeded thousands of hours. In addition, it has been studied and applied in light-emitting diodes, detectors, lasers, etc. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite shows great potential.

[0003] However, the current perovskite batteries have poor impact resistance and are easily damaged when impacted, thus affecting their performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a solar cell and an electrical device, which can improve the impact resistance and performance of the solar cell.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell, comprising a substrate, a battery structure and a support structure. The battery structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged at intervals along a first direction. The battery cell comprises a first electrode, a photosensitive layer and a second electrode stacked along a second direction. The photosensitive layer has a via hole along the second direction. The second electrode is connected to the first electrode of an adjacent battery cell through the via hole. A positioning groove is arranged on the battery structure along the second direction. The orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the via hole on the substrate, or the orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the gap between the second electrodes of two adjacent battery cells on the substrate. The support structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and protrudes relative to the battery cell along the second direction toward a side away from the substrate. The support structure is arranged in the positioning groove. The first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the battery structure includes a functional area and a non-functional area, and the support structure is located in the non-functional area.

[0007] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a second electrode stacked in a second direction. The photosensitive layer has a via hole along the second direction, and the second electrode is connected to the first electrode of an adjacent battery cell through the via hole.

[0008] In some embodiments, the via hole is located in a non-functional area, and the second electrode and the first electrodes of adjacent battery cells are connected to each other in the non-functional area.

[0009] In some embodiments, in the same battery cell, a portion of the orthographic projection of the first electrode on the substrate overlaps with a portion of the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the substrate in the functional area.

[0010] In some embodiments, along the first direction, a ratio Z1 of the width of the positioning groove to the width of the battery cell satisfies: 0.007≤Z1≤0.05.

[0011] In some embodiments, along the first direction, a width L1 of the battery cell satisfies: 5 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 8 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second electrode includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part connected to each other, the first conductive part is located on the side of the photosensitive layer away from the substrate, the second conductive part is connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell via a via, and the positioning groove is located on the side of the second conductive part away from the substrate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second conductive portion includes a first sub-portion, a second sub-portion and a third sub-portion, the first sub-portion is connected to the first conductive portion, the first sub-portion and the third sub-portion are relatively spaced apart along a first direction, the second sub-portion is connected between the first sub-portion and the third sub-portion, and is located on the side of the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell that is away from the substrate, and the first sub-portion, the second sub-portion and the third sub-portion are enclosed to form a positioning groove.

[0014] In some embodiments, along the first direction, a ratio Z2 of the width of the positioning groove to the width of the via hole satisfies: 0.7≤Z2<1.

[0015] In some embodiments, along the first direction, a ratio Z3 of the width of the via hole to the width of the battery cell satisfies: 0.01≤Z3≤0.05.

[0016] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the depth of the positioning groove is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second electrode.

[0017] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the depth of the positioning groove is less than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode, the photosensitive layer, and the second electrode.

[0018] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a packaging structure, which covers the cell structure and the support structure. The packaging structure includes a stacked packaging layer and a cover plate, and the cover plate is located on a side of the packaging layer away from the substrate.

[0019] In some embodiments, the Young's modulus of the material of the support structure is greater than the Young's modulus of the material of the encapsulation layer.

[0020] In some embodiments, the support structure passes through the packaging layer along the second direction and is disposed in contact with the cover plate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer covers the support structure, and the support structure is spaced apart from the cover plate along the second direction.

[0022] In some embodiments, the support structure includes a protrusion protruding toward the side of the battery cell away from the substrate, and the ratio Z4 of the height of the protrusion along the second direction and the distance from the cover plate along the second direction to the side of the battery cell away from the substrate satisfies: 0.7≤Z4<1.

[0023] In some embodiments, the support structure extends along the third direction; or, the support structure includes a plurality of support portions, the plurality of support portions are spaced apart along the third direction, and the third direction intersects the first direction and is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, on the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located, the cross-sectional shape of the support structure is any one of a rectangle, a regular trapezoid, and an inverted trapezoid.

[0025] A second aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising any one of the above solar cells.

[0026] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell and an electrical device, wherein the solar cell includes a substrate, a battery structure and a support structure, wherein the battery structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and includes a plurality of battery cells arranged at intervals along a first direction, wherein the battery cell includes a first electrode, a photosensitive layer and a second electrode stacked along a second direction, wherein the photosensitive layer has a via hole along the second direction, and the second electrode is connected to the first electrode of an adjacent battery cell through the via hole. The support structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and is arranged to protrude relative to the second electrode toward a side away from the substrate along the second direction, so that the support structure can provide support for the battery when the battery is subjected to an external impact, so as to buffer the damage to the battery cell caused by the external impact, thereby reducing the risk of battery damage and improving the impact resistance and use performance of the battery. On this basis, the present application opens a positioning groove on the battery structure along the second direction, and further arranges the orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate to be located within the orthographic projection of the via on the substrate or within the orthographic projection of the gap between the second electrodes of two adjacent battery cells on the substrate, so as to reasonably set the position of the positioning groove and the support structure located in the positioning groove, on the one hand, it can avoid that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is reduced due to the setting of the support structure, and on the other hand, it can also prevent the external stress exerted on the supporting structure from being directly transmitted to the photosensitive layer and aggravating the damage to the photosensitive layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some further embodiments of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0036] Fig. 9 A top view of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Fig.10 Another top view of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0038] The figures are as follows:

[0039] Substrate 10; battery structure 20; battery cell 21; first electrode 211; photosensitive layer 212; second electrode 213; via 214; first conductive portion 215; second conductive portion 216; first sub-portion 216a; second sub-portion 216b; third sub-portion 216c; positioning groove 22; support structure 30; support portion 31; packaging structure 40; packaging layer 41; cover plate 42; edge packaging structure 50; functional area AA; non-functional area NA; first direction X; second direction Y; third direction Z. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following detailed description and drawings of the embodiments of the present application are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application, that is, the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means more than two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but is within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but is within the allowable error range.

[0042] Reference to "embodiments" in this application means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments.

[0043] The directional words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figures, and do not limit the specific structure of this application. In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell, comprising a substrate 10, a battery structure 20 and a support structure 30. The battery structure 20 is disposed on one side of the substrate 10 and comprises a plurality of battery cells 21 spaced apart along a first direction X. The battery cell 21 comprises a first electrode 211, a photosensitive layer 212 and a second electrode 213 stacked along a second direction Y. The photosensitive layer 212 has a via 214 disposed along the second direction Y. The second electrode 213 is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 through the via 214. The battery structure 20 A positioning groove 22 is opened along the second direction Y, and the orthographic projection of the positioning groove 22 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the via 214 on the substrate 10, or the orthographic projection of the positioning groove 22 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21 on the substrate 10; the support structure 30 is arranged on one side of the substrate 10, and is protruded relative to the battery cell 21 toward the side away from the substrate 10 along the second direction Y, the support structure 30 is arranged in the positioning groove 22, and the first direction X and the second direction Y are intersected.

[0045] It should be noted that the solar cell provided in the present application can be any type of cell capable of achieving photoelectric conversion. For example, the solar cell of the present application can be a perovskite cell, or a monocrystalline silicon cell or a polycrystalline silicon cell, which is not limited in this embodiment. In some optional embodiments, when the solar cell is a perovskite cell, the material of the photosensitive layer 212 thereof can include a perovskite material to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduce the production cost.

[0046] The first direction X and the second direction Y are two directions intersecting each other. Preferably, the first direction X and the second direction Y are two directions perpendicular to each other, wherein the first direction X is a direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 10 is located, and the second direction Y is a direction perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 10 is located, that is, the first direction X may be a length direction or a width direction of the substrate 10, and the second direction Y may be a thickness direction of the substrate 10.

[0047] The substrate 10 may include a substrate, which may be a rigid substrate made of glass or plastic or a flexible substrate made of polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC) or cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). When the substrate 10 includes a flexible substrate, the corresponding solar cell may be a flexible cell, and when the substrate 10 includes a rigid substrate, the corresponding solar cell may be a rigid cell. The battery structure 20 and the support structure 30 are arranged on the same side of the substrate 10, and the substrate 10 may support the battery structure 20 and the support structure 30.

[0048] It is understandable that in a solar cell, the photosensitive layer 212 is a key film layer for realizing photoelectric conversion. Once the cell is damaged due to external impact, the entire cell will fail.

[0049] At present, although a packaging structure for protecting the photosensitive layer 212 is provided in the solar cell, the packaging structure is limited in its ability to withstand external stress due to the material of the packaging structure and the size of the solar cell, and thus it is difficult to effectively and reliably protect the photosensitive layer 212. In the relevant display field, in order to improve the impact resistance of the film layer, a support column can be provided above the film layer of the display panel to disperse the stress. However, based on the particularity of the solar cell of the present application, if the support column is directly provided above the photosensitive layer 212, on the one hand, the contact area between the photosensitive layer 212 and the electrode above it will be reduced, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell will be reduced. On the other hand, due to the small volume of the support column, the contact area between the support column and the photosensitive layer 212 is small. When the solar cell is subjected to external impact and the impact force is transmitted to the support column, the pressure between the support column and the photosensitive layer 212 is large, which will aggravate the damage to the photosensitive layer 212.

[0050] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a solar cell is provided including a substrate 10, a plurality of battery cells 21 and a support structure 30, wherein the plurality of battery cells 21 are arranged at intervals on one side of the substrate 10 along a first direction X, and the battery cell 21 includes a first electrode 211, a photosensitive layer 212 and a second electrode 213 stacked along a second direction Y, and the photosensitive layer 212 is provided with a via 214 along the second direction Y, and the second electrode 213 is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 through the via 214, thereby realizing the series connection of each battery cell 21. The support structure 30 is provided on one side of the substrate 10, and is provided protruding toward a side away from the substrate 10 relative to the second electrode 213 along the second direction Y, so that the support structure 30 can provide support for the battery when the battery is subjected to an external impact, so as to resist the external impact, reduce the damage of the external impact to the battery cell 21, thereby reducing the risk of battery failure, and improving the impact resistance and use performance of the battery. On this basis, the present application opens a positioning groove 22 on the battery structure 20 along the second direction Y, and further arranges the orthographic projection of the positioning groove 22 on the substrate 10 to be located within the orthographic projection of the via 214 on the substrate 10 or within the orthographic projection of the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21 on the substrate 10, so that by reasonably setting the position of the positioning groove 22 and the support structure 30 located in the positioning groove 22, on the one hand, it is possible to avoid the setting of the support structure 30 causing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery, and on the other hand, it is possible to prevent the external stress on the support structure 30 from being directly transmitted to the photosensitive layer 212 and aggravating the damage to the photosensitive layer 212.

[0051] In addition, in the present application, the positioning groove 22 is set so that the orthographic projection of the via 214 on the substrate 10 is within the orthographic projection of the via 214 on the substrate 10, or the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21 is within the orthographic projection on the substrate 10. This can also avoid the positioning groove 22 occupying other space of the battery structure 20, thereby improving space utilization.

[0052] It should be noted that the above-mentioned vias 214 and gaps are usually located in the non-functional area NA of the battery structure 20. Therefore, the orthographic projection of the positioning groove 22 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the via 214 on the substrate 10, or the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21 is located within the orthographic projection on the substrate 10, that is, the orthographic projection of the support structure 30 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the via 214 on the substrate 10, or the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21 is located within the orthographic projection on the substrate 10. This can avoid the increase in the size of the non-functional area NA of the battery structure 20 due to the setting of the support structure 30, that is, avoid the size reduction of the functional area AA of the battery structure 20 due to the setting of the support structure 30, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery structure 20.

[0053] It should be noted that when the orthographic projection of the positioning groove 22 on the substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the via hole 214 on the substrate 10, if the second electrode 213 completely fills the via hole 214, the positioning groove 22 can be opened on the side of the second electrode 213 corresponding to the via hole 214 that is away from the substrate 10; or, by reasonably controlling the amount of the second electrode 213 material falling into the via hole 214, on the basis of ensuring that the second electrode 213 is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21, the second electrode 213 can be recessed as the via hole 214 is recessed, thereby forming a positioning groove 22 corresponding to the via hole 214 on the side of the second electrode 213 away from the substrate 10, which is used to set the support structure 30, without the need for additional processes for forming the positioning groove 22, thereby simplifying the process steps.

[0054] See also Figure 1 In some embodiments, the battery structure 20 includes a functional area AA and a non-functional area NA, and the support structure 30 is located in the non-functional area NA, thereby preventing the setting of the support structure 30 from affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery structure 20.

[0055] Functional area AA refers to an area in the battery structure 20 that can perform photoelectric conversion and generate current, that is, an active area. Non-functional area NA refers to an area in the battery structure 20 that cannot generate current, that is, a dead area. Specifically, the non-functional area NA may include a gap between two adjacent battery cells 21, and the non-functional area NA also includes an area where the second electrode 213 and the photosensitive layer 212 of one battery cell 21 overlap with the first electrode 211 of another adjacent battery cell 21, that is, in the non-functional area NA, the orthographic projection of the photosensitive layer 212 of one battery cell 21 on the substrate 10 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 of another adjacent battery cell 21 on the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 213 of one battery cell 21 on the substrate 10 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 of another adjacent battery cell 21 on the substrate 10.

[0056] Please continue reading Figure 1 In some optional embodiments, the number of the supporting structures 30 may be multiple, and the multiple supporting structures 30 are respectively arranged in the non-functional area NA of at least part of the battery unit 21 to further improve the impact resistance of the solar cell.

[0057] In some embodiments, the battery cell 21 includes a first electrode 211, a photosensitive layer 212 and a second electrode 213 stacked in a second direction Y. The photosensitive layer 212 has a via 214 along the second direction Y. The second electrode 213 is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 through the via 214.

[0058] In the battery structure 20, a plurality of battery cells 21 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, that is, in two adjacent battery cells 21, two first electrodes 211 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, two photosensitive layers 212 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and two second electrodes 213 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X. The second electrode 213 of one battery cell 21 can be electrically connected to the first electrode 211 of another adjacent battery cell 21, thereby realizing the series connection of a plurality of battery cells 21. In two adjacent battery cells 21, the photosensitive layer 212 and the second electrode 213 of one battery cell 21 can respectively extend along the first direction X to the side of the first electrode 211 of the other adjacent battery cell 21 away from the substrate 10, that is, the orthographic projection of the photosensitive layer 212 of one battery cell 21 on the substrate 10 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 of the other adjacent battery cell 21 on the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 213 of one battery cell 21 on the substrate 10 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 of the other adjacent battery cell 21 on the substrate 10. Therefore, when the photosensitive layer 212 is provided with a via 214 along the second direction Y, the second electrode 213 can be connected to the first electrode 211 of the other adjacent battery cell 21 through the via 214.

[0059] It should be noted that, in the process of preparing the solar cell, a first electrode 211 material may be first formed on the substrate 10, and the first electrode 211 material may be divided into a plurality of first electrodes 211 of a plurality of battery cells 21 by a laser device, and then a photosensitive layer 212 material may be formed on the side of the first electrode 211 away from the substrate 10, and a via hole 214 may be formed by scratching the photosensitive layer 212 material by a laser device, so that the via hole 214 exposes a portion of the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21; and then a photosensitive layer 212 material may be formed on the side of the first electrode 211 away from the substrate 10, and then .... The second electrode 213 material is formed on one side of the board 10, so that part of the second electrode 213 material falls into the via 214; then the photosensitive layer 212 material and the second electrode 213 material are divided into multiple photosensitive layers 212 and multiple second electrodes 213 by laser equipment, so that the orthographic projection of the photosensitive layer 212 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 213 on the substrate 10 overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery unit 21 on the substrate 10 respectively; finally, the deposited film on the edge of the battery is removed by laser edge cleaning. After the edge cleaning is completed, the subsequent packaging process can be carried out to form a solar cell.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, the solar cell may further include a bus bar connected to the second electrode 213 to conduct the current generated by the solar cell to an external circuit.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, the photosensitive layer 212 includes a first carrier layer, a photoconversion layer and a second carrier layer. The first carrier layer is located between the photoconversion layer and the first electrode 211, and can be used to transport one of electrons and holes. The second carrier layer is located between the photoconversion layer and the second electrode 213, and is used to transport the other of electrons and holes.

[0062] Please continue reading Figure 1 In some embodiments, the via 214 is located in the non-functional area NA, and the second electrode 213 and the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 are connected to each other in the non-functional area NA, thereby avoiding the setting of the via 214 from affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery structure 20, that is, avoiding the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery structure 20 being affected by the connection between the second electrode 213 and the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21.

[0063] In some embodiments, in the same battery cell 21 , a portion of the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 on the substrate 10 overlaps with a portion of the orthographic projection of the second electrode 213 on the substrate 10 in the functional area AA.

[0064] Specifically, a portion of the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 on the substrate 10 overlaps with a portion of the orthographic projection of the second electrode 213 on the substrate 10 in the functional area AA. Because the second electrode 213 is arranged on the side of the photosensitive layer 212 facing away from the substrate 10, a portion of the orthographic projection of the photosensitive layer 212 on the substrate 10, a portion of the orthographic projection of the first electrode 211 on the substrate 10, and a portion of the orthographic projection of the second electrode 213 on the substrate 10 overlap in the functional area AA, so that the battery structure 20 can perform photoelectric conversion and generate current in the functional area AA.

[0065] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, the battery structure 20 is provided with a positioning groove 22 along the second direction Y, and the support structure 30 is disposed in the positioning groove 22 , thereby facilitating the positioning and preparation of the support structure 30 .

[0066] It should be noted that the positioning groove 22 can be formed by the second electrode 213 being recessed from the side of the substrate 10 toward the substrate 10. The positioning groove 22 can be located in the functional area AA, preferably in the non-functional area NA, to avoid affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery structure 20.

[0067] In some embodiments, along the first direction X, a ratio Z1 of the width of the positioning groove 22 to the width of the battery unit 21 satisfies: 0.007≤Z1≤0.05.

[0068] In these embodiments, when the support structure 30 is disposed in the positioning groove 22, the width of the support structure 30 along the first direction X is approximately equal to the width of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X. Therefore, the ratio of the width of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X to the width of the battery cell 21 along the first direction X is reasonably set, that is, the ratio of the width of the support structure 30 along the first direction X to the width of the battery cell 21 along the first direction X is reasonably set, thereby reducing the space occupied by the positioning groove 22 and the support structure 30 for the battery cell 21 while ensuring the structural strength of the support structure 30.

[0069] In addition, in these embodiments, when the solar cell is a flexible cell, the influence of the setting of the support structure 30 on the flexible bending performance of the cell can be reduced by reasonably setting the size of the support structure 30 .

[0070] It should be noted that the width of a battery cell 21 along the first direction X refers to the distance from the first side of the second electrode 213 of a battery cell 21 along the first direction X to the first side of the second electrode 213 of another adjacent battery cell 21, that is, the width of a battery cell 21 along the first direction X includes the width of the second electrode 213 along the first direction X and the spacing distance between the second electrode 213 and the second electrode 213 of another adjacent battery cell 21.

[0071] Please continue reading Figure 2 In some embodiments, along the first direction X, the width L1 of the battery cell 21 satisfies: 5mm≤L1≤8mm, that is, the width of the battery cell 21 along the first direction X can be any value within the above range, such as 5mm, 6mm, 7mm and 8mm, so as to ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery structure 20 by reasonably setting the size of the battery cell 21.

[0072] Please continue reading Figure 2 It should be noted that when the width L1 of the battery unit 21 along the first direction X satisfies: 5mm≤L1≤8mm, the width L2 of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X satisfies: 0.035mm≤L2≤0.4mm, that is, the width of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X can be 0.035mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, etc., any value within the above range, thereby ensuring the support reliability of the support structure 30.

[0073] See also Figure 3In some embodiments, the second electrode 213 includes a first conductive portion 215 and a second conductive portion 216 that are connected to each other, the first conductive portion 215 is located on the side of the photosensitive layer 212 that is away from the substrate 10, the second conductive portion 216 is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 via the via 214, and the positioning groove 22 is located on the side of the second conductive portion 216 that is away from the substrate 10.

[0074] In these embodiments, the first conductive portion 215 is disposed on the side of the photosensitive layer 212 facing away from the substrate 10, and is at least partially located in the functional area AA, and is used to work together with the photosensitive layer 212 and the first electrode 211 to achieve photoelectric conversion of the battery cell 21. The second conductive portion 216 is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 via the via 214, thereby achieving the series connection of multiple battery cells 21. The positioning groove 22 is located on the side of the second conductive portion 216 facing away from the substrate 10, that is, a part of the second conductive portion 216 is disposed on the side of the positioning groove 22 facing the substrate 10 along the second direction Y, that is, the second conductive portion 216 at least includes a first sub-portion 216a and a second sub-portion 216b, and the second sub-portion 216b is stacked and disposed on the side of the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 facing away from the substrate 10, and is located between the positioning groove 22 and the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21, and the first sub-portion 216a is connected to the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 via the via 214. The side wall extends and is connected to the second sub-portion 216b. Therefore, by adjusting the thickness of the first sub-portion 216a along the first direction X, the width of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X can be adjusted accordingly, and by adjusting the thickness of the second sub-portion 216b along the second direction Y, the depth of the positioning groove 22 along the second direction Y can be adjusted accordingly, that is, the size of the support structure 30 in the corresponding direction is adjusted, so that the structural strength of the support structure 30 can be improved as much as possible on the basis of ensuring the conductive performance of the second conductive portion 216.

[0075] In some embodiments, the second conductive portion 216 includes a first sub-portion 216a, a second sub-portion 216b and a third sub-portion 216c, the first sub-portion 216a is connected to the first conductive portion 215, the first sub-portion 216a and the third sub-portion 216c are relatively spaced apart along the first direction X, the second sub-portion 216b is connected between the first sub-portion 216a and the third sub-portion 216c, and is located on the side of the first electrode 211 of the adjacent battery cell 21 away from the substrate 10, and the first sub-portion 216a, the second sub-portion 216b and the third sub-portion 216c enclose to form a positioning groove 22.

[0076] In these embodiments, the positioning groove 22 is formed by the first sub-portion 216a, the second sub-portion 216b and the third sub-portion 216c of the second conductive portion 216. Therefore, by adjusting the thickness of the third sub-portion 216c along the first direction X, the size of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X can also be adjusted, that is, the size of the support structure 30 along the first direction X is adjusted, so as to improve the flexibility of the size adjustment of the first conductive portion 215 and the size adjustment of the support structure 30.

[0077] In some embodiments, along the first direction X, the ratio Z2 of the width of the positioning groove 22 to the width of the via 214 satisfies: 0.7≤Z2<1, so that the width of the positioning groove 22 along the first direction X and the thickness of the second conductive portion 216 located in the via 214 along the first direction X can be reasonably set, and the structural strength of the support structure 30 in the positioning groove 22 is improved on the basis of ensuring the conductive performance of the second conductive portion 216.

[0078] In some embodiments, along the first direction X, the ratio Z3 of the width of the via 214 to the width of the battery cell 21 satisfies: 0.01≤Z3≤0.05, so that the width of the via 214 can be reasonably set to minimize the space occupied by the via 214 while ensuring the conductive performance of the second conductive portion 216 and the structure of the support structure 30.

[0079] Please continue reading Figure 4 In some embodiments, along the second direction Y, the depth of the positioning groove 22 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second electrode 213 to ensure the positioning effect of the positioning groove 22 on the support structure 30 .

[0080] It should be noted that when the depth of the positioning groove 22 is equal to the thickness of the second electrode 213, the positioning groove 22 is located in the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21, and can be formed by the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21; when the depth of the positioning groove 22 is greater than the thickness of the second electrode 213, the positioning groove 22 can extend from the gap between the second electrodes 213 of two adjacent battery cells 21 toward the direction close to the substrate 10.

[0081] See also Figure 5 In some embodiments, along the second direction Y, the depth of the positioning groove 22 is less than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode 211 , the photosensitive layer 212 , and the second electrode 213 .

[0082] In these embodiments, the depth of the positioning groove 22 along the second direction Y is less than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode 211 , the photosensitive layer 212 , and the second electrode 213 , thereby preventing the positioning groove 22 from extending into the substrate 10 after passing through the first electrode 211 and causing damage to the substrate 10 .

[0083] See also Figure 6 In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a packaging structure 40, which covers the battery structure 20 and the support structure 30. The packaging structure 40 includes a stacked packaging layer 41 and a cover plate 42, and the cover plate 42 is located on the side of the packaging layer 41 away from the substrate 10.

[0084] In these embodiments, the encapsulation structure 40 covers the battery structure 20 and the support structure 30, which can protect the battery structure 20 and the support structure 30 from the external environment, prevent air and moisture from penetrating into the solar cell, and extend the service life and stability of the battery. In addition, the encapsulation structure 40 can also prevent impurities and harmful substances from entering the battery, while preventing substances inside the battery from leaking, thereby ensuring the performance and quality of the battery. Specifically, the encapsulation structure 40 includes a stacked encapsulation layer 41 and a cover plate 42, and the cover plate 42 is located on the side of the encapsulation layer 41 away from the substrate 10, so that the battery structure 20 and the support structure 30 are encapsulated together by the encapsulation layer 41 and the cover plate 42, which can improve the encapsulation effect. At the same time, when the solar cell is subjected to external impact, the encapsulation layer 41 and the cover plate 42 can also resist the external impact to a certain extent, reducing the risk of damage to the photosensitive layer 212.

[0085] Please continue reading Figure 6 In some optional embodiments, the solar cell also includes an edge packaging structure 50, which extends around the circumference of the substrate 10 and is located between the substrate 10 and the cover plate 42. The edge packaging structure 50 is arranged close to the edges of the substrate 10 and the cover plate 42, and the battery structure 20, the support structure 30 and the packaging layer 41 are encapsulated between the substrate 10 and the cover plate 42 by the edge packaging structure 50.

[0086] Optionally, the edge encapsulation structure 50 may include butyl rubber to have good adhesion and encapsulation properties.

[0087] In some embodiments, the Young's modulus of the material of the support structure 30 is greater than the Young's modulus of the material of the encapsulation layer 41. Therefore, when the solar cell is subjected to an external impact, the deformation of the support structure 30 is generally smaller than the deformation of the encapsulation layer 41, and it can better resist the external impact. At the same time, when the external impact disappears, since the deformation of the support structure 30 is smaller than the deformation of the encapsulation layer 41, it can recover the deformation more quickly.

[0088] In some embodiments, the material of the encapsulation layer 41 may include polyolefin elastomer (POE), which has good flexibility and can better encapsulate the battery structure 20 . At the same time, it can also buffer external impacts to a certain extent and reduce damage to the photosensitive layer 212 caused by external impacts.

[0089] In some embodiments, the material of the support structure 30 may include an organic material or an inorganic material. Further, the material of the support structure 30 may include any one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) and silicon nitride (SiNx), so that the Young's modulus of the material of the support structure 30 is greater than the Young's modulus of the material of the encapsulation layer 41.

[0090] See also Figure 7 In some embodiments, the support structure 30 passes through the encapsulation layer 41 along the second direction Y and is disposed in contact with the cover plate 42 .

[0091] In these embodiments, the support structure 30 passes through the encapsulation layer 41 and directly abuts against the cover plate 42 . When the solar cell is subjected to external impact, the support structure 30 can support the cover plate 42 together with the encapsulation layer 41 to prevent the cover plate 42 from being deformed.

[0092] Please continue reading Figure 6 In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer 41 covers the support structure 30 , and the support structure 30 is spaced apart from the cover plate 42 along the second direction Y.

[0093] In these embodiments, the support structure 30 and the cover plate 42 are spaced apart along the second direction Y, and the encapsulation layer 41 is located between the support structure 30 and the cover plate 42. Therefore, when the solar cell is subjected to an external impact, the cover plate 42 can first transfer the impact force to the encapsulation layer 41, and the encapsulation layer 41 can reduce the external impact force to a certain extent. When the external impact is large and causes the cover plate 42 to bend and contact with the support structure 30, the support structure 30 begins to resist the external impact and withstand the impact force. Therefore, by buffering the external impact force in a segmented manner as described above, the photosensitive layer 212 can be prevented from being damaged as much as possible, thereby improving the impact resistance of the solar cell.

[0094] See also Figure 8 In some optional embodiments, when there are multiple support structures 30, a portion of the multiple support structures 30 can pass through the encapsulation layer 41 and extend to contact the cover plate 42, and the remaining support structures 30 can be spaced apart from the cover plate 42 along the second direction Y, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0095] Please continue reading Figure 6 In some embodiments, the support structure 30 includes a protrusion protruding toward a side away from the substrate 10 relative to the battery cell 21, and a ratio Z4 of a height H1 of the protrusion along the second direction Y and a distance H2 of the cover plate 42 along the second direction Y to a side of the battery cell 21 away from the substrate 10 satisfies: 0.7≤Z4<1.

[0096] Specifically, the support structure 30 may include a positioning portion and a protrusion arranged on the side of the positioning portion away from the substrate 10. The positioning portion may be located in the positioning groove 22, and the protrusion protrudes relative to the side of the battery cell 21 away from the substrate 10, specifically, it may protrude relative to the side of the second electrode 213 away from the substrate 10.

[0097] In these embodiments, by reasonably setting the ratio of the height of the protrusion along the second direction Y to the distance of the cover plate 42 along the second direction Y to the side of the battery cell 21 away from the substrate 10, that is, reasonably setting the distance between the support structure 30 and the cover plate 42 and the distance between the end of the support structure 30 away from the substrate 10 and the photosensitive layer 212 of the battery cell 21. It can be understood that by reasonably setting the distance between the support structure 30 and the cover plate 42, that is, reasonably setting the thickness of the encapsulation layer 41 located between the support structure 30 and the cover plate 42, the encapsulation layer 41 can fully reduce the external impact force before the support structure 30, reduce the size of the external impact force transmitted to the support structure 30, and at the same time, it can also avoid the cover plate 42 from being excessively bent and broken due to the distance between the cover plate 42 and the support structure 30. Furthermore, by reasonably setting the distance between the end of the support structure 30 away from the substrate 10 and the photosensitive layer 212, the support structure 30 can also begin to resist external impact when the external impact force is far away from the photosensitive layer 212, thereby avoiding the external impact force being too large and too close to the photosensitive layer 212 to affect the performance of the photosensitive layer 212.

[0098] In some embodiments, see Fig. 9 , the support structure 30 extends along the third direction Z; or, see Fig.10 The support structure 30 includes a plurality of support portions 31, and the plurality of support portions 31 are spaced apart along a third direction Z, the third direction Z intersects the first direction X, and is perpendicular to the second direction Y;

[0099] The third direction Z may be parallel to the direction of the plane where the substrate 10 is located, and the third direction Z and the first direction X may be two intersecting directions. Preferably, the third direction Z and the first direction X are perpendicular to each other, wherein when the first direction X is one of the length direction and the width direction of the substrate 10, the third direction Z may be the other.

[0100] In these embodiments, when the support structure 30 extends along the third direction Z, that is, the support structure 30 is continuously and uninterruptedly arranged along the third direction Z, the structural strength of the support structure 30 can be improved as much as possible, and the ability of the support structure 30 to resist external impact can be improved, thereby improving the impact resistance of the solar cell. When the support structure 30 includes a plurality of support portions 31, and the plurality of support portions 31 are spaced apart along the third direction Z, the space occupied by the support structure 30 in the solar cell can be reduced on the basis of ensuring the structural strength of the support structure 30, the volume of the solar cell can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced at the same time.

[0101] In some embodiments, on the plane where the first direction X and the second direction Y are located, the cross-sectional shape of the support structure 30 is any one of a rectangle, a regular trapezoid, and an inverted trapezoid, so that the impact resistance of the support structure 30 is ensured by reasonably setting the cross-sectional shape of the support structure 30.

[0102] Of course, the cross-sectional shape of the support structure 30 is not limited to the shapes listed above, and other regular or irregular shaped support structures 30 are also within the protection scope of the present application, as long as the support structure 30 can protrude relative to the second electrode 213 and be used to resist external impact.

[0103] The second aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising any of the above solar cells. Since the electrical device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described one by one here.

[0104] The power-consuming device may be any device that requires electric energy, for example, a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, in-vehicle electronic device, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook or personal digital assistant (PDA) and other mobile devices, and may also be a personal computer (PC), television (TV), ATM or self-service machine and other non-mobile devices.

[0105] Although the embodiments disclosed in this application are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of this application and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which this application belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in this application, but the scope of protection of this application shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

[0106] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the replacement of other connection methods described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: substrate; A battery structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and includes a plurality of battery cells arranged at intervals along a first direction, wherein the battery cell includes a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a second electrode stacked along a second direction, the photosensitive layer has a via hole along the second direction, the second electrode is connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell through the via hole, and the battery structure has a positioning groove along the second direction; The orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the via hole on the substrate, the second electrode includes a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion connected to each other, the first conductive portion is located on a side of the photosensitive layer away from the substrate, the second conductive portion is connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell via the via hole, the positioning groove is located on a side of the second conductive portion away from the substrate, the second conductive portion includes a first sub-portion, a second sub-portion and a third sub-portion, the first sub-portion is connected to the first conductive portion, the first sub-portion and the third sub-portion are arranged with relative spacing along the first direction, the second sub-portion is connected between the first sub-portion and the third sub-portion, and is located on a side of the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell away from the substrate, the first sub-portion, the second sub-portion and the third sub-portion enclose to form the positioning groove; Alternatively, the orthographic projection of the positioning groove on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the gap between the second electrodes of two adjacent battery cells on the substrate; The support structure is arranged on one side of the substrate and protrudes along the second direction relative to the battery unit toward a side away from the substrate. The support structure is arranged in the positioning groove, and the first direction and the second direction are intersected.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery structure comprises a functional area and a non-functional area, and the support structure is located in the non-functional area.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery cell includes a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a second electrode stacked along the second direction. The photosensitive layer has a via hole along the second direction, and the second electrode is connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell through the via hole.

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The via hole is located in the non-functional area, and the second electrode and the first electrode of the adjacent battery cell are connected to each other in the non-functional area.

5. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the same battery unit, a portion of the orthographic projection of the first electrode on the substrate overlaps with a portion of the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the substrate in the functional area.

6. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the first direction, a ratio Z1 of the width of the positioning groove to the width of the battery unit satisfies: 0.007≤Z1≤0.

05.

7. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the first direction, a width L1 of the battery cell satisfies: 5 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 8 mm.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the first direction, a ratio Z2 of the width of the positioning groove to the width of the via hole satisfies: 0.7≤Z2<1.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the first direction, a ratio Z3 of the width of the via hole to the width of the battery cell satisfies: 0.01≤Z3≤0.

05.

10. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the second direction, the depth of the positioning groove is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second electrode.

11. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that Along the second direction, the depth of the positioning groove is less than or equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode, the photosensitive layer and the second electrode.

12. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises a packaging structure, which covers the cell structure and the support structure. The packaging structure comprises a packaging layer and a cover plate which are stacked. The cover plate is located on a side of the packaging layer away from the substrate.

13. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that: The Young's modulus of the material of the support structure is greater than the Young's modulus of the material of the encapsulation layer.

14. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that: The supporting structure passes through the packaging layer along the second direction and is disposed in contact with the cover plate.

15. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that: The encapsulation layer covers the support structure, and the support structure is spaced apart from the cover plate along the second direction.

16. The solar cell according to claim 15, characterized in that: The support structure includes a protrusion protruding from the battery cell toward a side away from the substrate, and a ratio Z4 of a height of the protrusion along the second direction and a distance from the cover plate along the second direction to a side of the battery cell away from the substrate satisfies: 0.7≤Z4<1.

17. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The support structure extends along a third direction; or, the support structure includes a plurality of support portions, the plurality of support portions are spaced apart and distributed along a third direction, the third direction intersects with the first direction and is perpendicular to the second direction.

18. The solar cell according to claim 17, characterized in that: On the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located, the cross-sectional shape of the support structure is any one of a rectangle, a regular trapezoid, and an inverted trapezoid.

19. An electrical device, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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