Angelica dahurica medicinal material processing equipment and production process

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of medicinal material processing, in particular to a white peony root medicinal material processing device and production process, which comprises a first conveying belt, the outer side of the first conveying belt is uniformly provided with grooves along the width direction, and the inner wall of the groove is paved with a rubbing part; a rubbing and washing mechanism comprises a guide part arranged along the advancing direction of the first conveying belt and a plurality of top strikers penetrating through the groove and connected with the rubbing part, the top striker moves along the track of the guide part when cooperating with the guide part, the rubbing part is deformed to rub and wash the medicinal materials wrapped therein, and the cleanliness of the mud and dirt on the surface of the medicinal materials is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medicinal material processing technology, specifically to a processing equipment and production process for Angelica dahurica. Background Technology

[0002] After harvesting, the conventional method for cleaning Angelica dahurica, a rhizome-based medicinal herb, involves soaking it in a pool for an extended period to soften the surface and roots. Then, a stirring device is used to repeatedly change the water and agitate the herbs to ensure thorough cleaning. However, this traditional method often results in incomplete removal of dirt and grime in certain areas, and prolonged rinsing can cause the Angelica dahurica to absorb water, damaging the epidermal cells and causing them to rupture.

[0003] Chinese invention patent No. 202210022461.3 discloses a medicine washing machine, which includes two first conveyor belts. The outer sides of the first conveyor belts are provided with grooves evenly in sequence along the width direction of the first conveyor belts. The grooves of the two first conveyor belts convey long rod-shaped Chinese medicinal materials in a vertical or inclined state. A washing mechanism is provided below the first conveyor belts for washing the Chinese medicinal materials under waterless or steam conditions. A flushing mechanism is provided behind the washing mechanism along the conveying direction. The flushing mechanism uses a ball to flush the surface of the Chinese medicinal materials.

[0004] The patent discloses a medicine washing machine. The ball used for washing medicinal materials is prone to problems when the medicinal materials are of different sizes. If the medicinal materials are too thick, the ball cannot enter the groove to contact the medicinal materials. Or if the medicinal materials are too thin, the ball will fall directly into the gap between the groove and the medicinal materials, thus failing to achieve the desired cleaning effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a processing equipment and process for Angelica dahurica medicinal materials. The equipment includes a first conveyor belt with grooves evenly distributed along its width on its outer side. The inner walls of these grooves are lined with rubbing sections. A washing mechanism is also included, comprising a guide section positioned along the forward direction of the first conveyor belt and several impactors penetrating the grooves and connected to the rubbing sections. When the impactors engage with the guide section, they move along its trajectory, causing the rubbing sections to deform and rub the medicinal materials inside, effectively improving the cleanliness of the surface of the medicinal materials.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A processing device for Angelica dahurica, comprising:

[0008] A first conveyor belt, wherein grooves are uniformly arranged sequentially along its width direction on the outer side of the first conveyor belt, and the inner wall of the grooves is covered with a kneading part;

[0009] The washing mechanism includes a guide part arranged along the forward direction of the first conveyor belt and a plurality of impactors that penetrate the groove and are connected to the washing part. When the impactors cooperate with the guide part, they move along the trajectory of the guide part, causing the washing part to deform and wash the medicinal materials wrapped inside.

[0010] As an improvement, the kneading part includes a bladder, a filler inside the bladder, and a deformable puller connected to the impactor. The impactor drives the deformable puller to move, causing the filler to move within the bladder and change the shape of the bladder.

[0011] As an improvement, the guide section includes several layered guide tracks that run along the conveying direction of the first conveyor belt. The paths of any two guide tracks may be the same or different. Each guide track can accommodate the impactor corresponding to the layer, thereby constraining the impactor to move along the track.

[0012] As an improvement, the guide trajectory includes a pull-out zone, and the pull-out zones in the guide trajectory from top to bottom are staggered, so that the impactors in the groove move in staggered phases from top to bottom.

[0013] As an improvement, the opening zone is set with a wavy pattern, and the impactor vibrates when it passes through the opening zone.

[0014] As an improvement, a second conveyor belt is arranged opposite to the first conveyor belt to assist the first conveyor belt in transporting and cleaning the medicinal materials.

[0015] As an improvement, the second conveyor belt moves forward synchronously with the first conveyor belt, and the outer side of the second conveyor belt is provided with grooves two in sequence along its width direction, each groove two corresponding to the first groove, and the inner wall of the groove two is covered with a kneading part two.

[0016] As an improvement, the second conveyor belt moves asynchronously with the first conveyor belt, the outer side of the second conveyor belt is made into a rough surface, the speed of the second conveyor belt lags behind the first conveyor belt or the speed of the second conveyor belt is a variable speed motion, so that the medicinal materials in the groove rotate.

[0017] As an improvement, a ball washing assembly is provided, which includes a ball outlet corresponding to the rubbing mechanism and a cleaning ball supplied from the ball outlet. The cleaning ball falls into the rubbing section to clean the surface of the medicinal material.

[0018] A water washing assembly, comprising a washing tank, a pump, and a docking device, wherein the impactor is hollow; when the impactor reaches the docking device, the pump pumps gas or liquid into the impactor through the docking device, causing a change in pressure within the groove and generating ultrasonic-like vibrations, further accelerating the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials; and

[0019] A drying component is provided after the washing component, and is used to dry the washed medicinal materials in a timely manner.

[0020] A processing technology for Angelica dahurica medicinal materials includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Feeding. The medicinal materials are manually loaded into the groove of the first conveyor belt through the feed inlet.

[0022] Step 2, rubbing and washing: The medicinal materials are transported to the ball washing assembly by the first conveyor belt. A certain number of washing balls are filled into the groove and mixed with the medicinal materials. The rubbing part deforms, causing the washing balls to squeeze and rub the outer surface of the medicinal materials, gradually removing the surface dirt and sand.

[0023] Step 3: Washing. The medicinal materials are transported to the washing assembly by the first conveyor belt. A pump delivers gas or liquid into the hollow impactor via a connector. The gas or liquid passes through the first conveyor belt into the groove, causing a change in pressure and generating ultrasonic-like vibrations, further accelerating the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials.

[0024] Step 4: Drying. After washing, the medicinal materials are sent into the drying unit to quickly dry the moisture on the surface of the medicinal materials.

[0025] The rubbing section in the groove rubs the surface of the medicinal material in the following order: from top to bottom, the distance between the outer wall of the rubbing section and the medicinal material is gradually increased, so that the mud and dirt on the surface of the medicinal material are gradually peeled off from top to bottom.

[0026] The docking device controls the impactor so that the two ends of the kneading part tightly wrap the medicinal material, while a certain space is formed between the middle of the medicinal material and the kneading part, which facilitates the entry of gas or liquid into the cavity to form eddies or high-frequency vibrations, thereby removing residual dirt from the surface of the medicinal material.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] (1) The present invention lays a kneading part on the inner wall of the groove of the first conveyor belt, so that the outer surface of the medicinal material transported in the groove is kneaded, simulating the surface of manual washing, ensuring the integrity of the surface of the medicinal material, while also allowing mud and dirt to be quickly removed, improving the quality of the finished product and increasing production efficiency.

[0029] (2) By setting the pull-out area in the top-to-bottom guide trajectory to be staggered, the bag of the kneading part is arranged to receive the cleaning ball from top to bottom. The cleaning ball mixes with the mud and sand washed off by the medicinal materials and descends and is discharged step by step, avoiding the phenomenon that the cleaning ball cannot enter the groove, flows away directly, or is squeezed out in the opposite direction, so that the kneading of medicinal materials can be realized stably and reliably.

[0030] (3) The present invention uses a pump to pump gas or liquid into the hollow impactor through a docking device. The gas or liquid passes through the first conveyor belt and enters the groove, which changes the pressure in the groove and generates vibrations similar to ultrasonic waves, thereby further accelerating the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials.

[0031] In summary, this invention has advantages such as high degree of automation, improved efficiency, and stable operation, and is particularly suitable for the field of medicinal material processing technology. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial isometric structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial isometric structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the kneading part of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the kneading part of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the D-direction section;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding part structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the guide section of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the guide section of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Schematic diagram of cross-section along line A;

[0042] Figure 11 for Figure 9 Schematic diagram of cross-section along line B;

[0043] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the impactor of the present invention moving in the guide trajectory of the wave pattern;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the kneading process of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0051] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, a processing device for Angelica dahurica includes:

[0054] A first conveyor belt 10 has grooves 11 evenly arranged along its width direction on the outer side of the first conveyor belt 10, and the inner wall of the grooves 11 is covered with a kneading part 12.

[0055] The washing mechanism 30 includes a guide part 31 arranged along the forward direction of the first conveyor belt 10 and a plurality of impactors 32 that penetrate the groove 11 and are connected to the rubbing part 12. When the impactors 32 cooperate with the guide part 31, they move along the trajectory of the guide part 31, causing the rubbing part 12 to deform and rub and clean the medicinal materials wrapped inside.

[0056] It should be noted that at the beginning of the first conveyor belt 10, there is a feed inlet 70. The operator only needs to put the angelica root vertically into the feed inlet 70, and the first conveyor belt 10 can then carry the angelica root into the cleaning process.

[0057] It should also be noted that the kneading part 12 is composed of a flexible material. The impactor 32 can continuously push and deform the kneading part 12 from the back, changing the inner wall space of the kneading part 12, thereby acting on the Angelica dahurica material inside. This method can knead the surface of the Angelica dahurica material evenly and regularly, breaking down the mud and sand residue on the surface of the material, gradually disintegrating the mud and sand and removing it from the material. After fresh harvesting, the mud and sand residue on the outer surface of rhizomes such as Angelica dahurica is difficult to remove. This invention uses kneading to remove the surface of the material, similar to manual washing, which helps to remove most of the mud and sand without contact with water.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the kneading part 12 includes a bladder 121, a filler 122 filled in the bladder 121, and a deformable puller 123 connected to the impactor 32. The impactor 32 drives the deformable puller 123 to move, causing the filler 122 to move within the bladder 121 and change the shape of the bladder 121.

[0059] It should be noted that the filler 122 is not limited to gas, liquid or other flowable substances. When the impactor 32 pulls the deformable puller 123, the filler 122 will quickly move to the remaining open area, causing the bladder 121 in that area to bulge out, so as to contact the surface of the medicinal material or push the mud and sand on the surface of the medicinal material to be misaligned, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening and peeling off the mud and sand.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the guide section 31 includes a plurality of layered guide tracks 311 that run along the conveying direction of the first conveyor belt 10. The paths of any two guide tracks 311 may be the same or different. Each guide track 311 can accommodate the impactor 32 corresponding to the layer to pass through, thereby constraining the impactor 32 to move along the track.

[0061] It should be noted that if the guide trajectory 311 is consistent, multiple points on the surface of the medicinal material can be simultaneously pressed by the capsule 121, simulating the grasping action of a human hand; if the guide trajectory 311 is inconsistent, the impactor 32 is generally driven to move in a sequential manner, which can simulate the rubbing action of the capsule 121 on the surface of the medicinal material from top to bottom or from bottom to top; the combination of multiple motion states accelerates the cleaning of the surface of the medicinal material.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the guide trajectory 311 includes a pull-out area 3111, which are staggered from top to bottom, so that the top impactors 32 in the groove 11 move in staggered phases from top to bottom.

[0063] It should be noted that the top-down staggered movement of the impactor 32 causes the inner cavity of the capsule 121 to gradually contain mud and sand from top to bottom, that is, to remove mud and sand from the surface of the medicinal material from top to bottom.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the opening zone 3111 is configured with a wavy pattern, and the impactor 32 vibrates when it passes through the opening zone 3111.

[0065] It should be noted that the vibration state of the impactor 32 is directly transmitted to the vibration of the deformable tension member 123, thereby causing the capsule 121 to bulge regularly or irregularly, resulting in a slight impact effect on the surface of the medicinal material, which is more conducive to cleaning the medicinal material.

[0066] Example 2:

[0067] like Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, it also includes:

[0068] The second conveyor belt 20 is arranged opposite to the first conveyor belt 10 to assist the first conveyor belt 10 in transporting and cleaning medicinal materials.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the second conveyor belt 20 moves forward synchronously with the first conveyor belt 10. The outer side of the second conveyor belt 20 is provided with grooves 21 evenly in sequence along its width direction. Each groove 21 corresponds to a groove 11. The inner wall of each groove 21 is provided with a kneading part 22.

[0070] It should be noted that the second conveyor belt 20 is provided with a groove 21 and a kneading part 22 inside it. The structure of this part is the same as that of the groove 11 and the kneading part 12. The impactor 32 is in the working state as in Embodiment 1. The purpose is to wrap both sides of the medicinal material and work together with the first conveyor belt 10 to clean the surface of the medicinal material.

[0071] In addition, the first conveyor belt 10 and the second conveyor belt 20 can be configured with a large opening at the top and a small opening at the bottom to meet the characteristics of the medicinal materials being coarse at the top and fine at the bottom.

[0072] Example 3:

[0073] like Figure 15 As shown, in this embodiment, the second conveyor belt 20 moves forward asynchronously with the first conveyor belt 10, the outer side of the second conveyor belt 20 is set with a rough surface, the speed of the second conveyor belt 20 lags behind the first conveyor belt 10 or the speed of the second conveyor belt 20 is a variable speed motion, causing the medicinal materials in the groove 11 to rotate.

[0074] It should be noted that the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the second conveyor belt 20 in this embodiment does not have a groove, and its surface can be a rough plane. The purpose is to facilitate greater friction with the surface of the medicinal material, so that the medicinal material rotates in the groove 11, and the mud and sand on the surface of the medicinal material can be scraped clean by the inner surface of the bag 121.

[0075] Example 4:

[0076] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 1 and 16, in this embodiment, it further includes:

[0077] The ball washing assembly 40 includes a ball outlet 41 corresponding to the rubbing and washing mechanism 30 and a cleaning ball 42 supplied from the ball outlet 41. The cleaning ball 42 falls into the rubbing part 12 to clean the surface of the medicinal material.

[0078] A washing assembly 50 includes a washing tank 51, a pump 52, and a docking device 53. The impactor 32 is hollow. When the impactor 32 reaches the docking device 53, the pump 52 pumps gas or liquid into the impactor 32 through the docking device 53, causing a change in pressure within the groove 11 and generating ultrasonic-like vibrations, further accelerating the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials.

[0079] A drying component 60 is disposed after the washing component 50, and the drying component 60 is used to dry the washed medicinal materials in a timely manner.

[0080] It should be noted that the cleaning ball 42 is added to the kneading section 12, filling the space between the medicinal material and the inner surface of the capsule 121. This allows the cleaning ball 42 to squeeze and rub the surface of the medicinal material when the capsule 121 deforms, removing any remaining dirt and sand. After being used at the washing mechanism 30, the cleaning ball 42 falls into the washing and drying device in the washing tank 51, where it is cleaned and then transferred to the ball outlet 41 for reuse.

[0081] Example 5:

[0082] like Figure 17 As shown, a processing technology for Angelica dahurica includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Feeding. The medicinal materials are manually loaded into the groove 11 of the first conveyor belt 10 through the feed port 70.

[0084] Step 2, rubbing and washing: The medicinal materials are transported to the ball washing assembly 40 by the first conveyor belt 10. A certain number of washing balls 42 are filled into the groove 11 and mixed with the medicinal materials. The rubbing part 12 undergoes deformation, causing the washing balls 42 to squeeze and rub the outer surface of the medicinal materials, gradually removing the surface mud and sand.

[0085] Step 3: Washing. The medicinal materials are transported by the first conveyor belt 10 to the washing assembly 50. The pump 52 pumps gas or liquid into the hollow impactor 32 through the docking device 53. The gas or liquid passes through the first conveyor belt 10 and enters the groove 11, causing a change in pressure within the groove 11 and generating ultrasonic-like vibrations, further accelerating the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials; and

[0086] Step 4: Drying. After washing, the medicinal materials are sent to the drying unit 60 to quickly dry the moisture on the surface of the medicinal materials.

[0087] The rubbing part 12 in the groove 11 rubs the surface of the medicinal material in the following order: the distance between the outer wall of the rubbing part 12 and the medicinal material is gradually increased from top to bottom, so that the mud and dirt on the surface of the medicinal material are gradually peeled off from top to bottom.

[0088] The docking device 53 controls the impactor 32 to tightly wrap the two ends of the kneading part 12 with the medicinal material, while a certain space is formed between the middle of the medicinal material and the kneading part 12, which facilitates the entry of gas or liquid into the cavity to form eddies or high-frequency vibrations, thereby removing residual dirt from the surface of the medicinal material.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing equipment for Angelica dahurica, characterized in that, include: The first conveyor belt (10) has grooves (11) evenly arranged along its width direction on the outer side, and the inner wall of the grooves (11) is covered with a kneading part (12). The washing mechanism (30) includes a guide part (31) arranged along the forward direction of the first conveyor belt (10) and a plurality of impactors (32) that penetrate the groove (11) and are connected to the rubbing part (12). When the impactors (32) cooperate with the guide part (31), they move along the trajectory of the guide part (31) to deform the rubbing part (12) and rub and clean the medicinal materials wrapped inside. The kneading part (12) includes a bladder (121), a filler (122) filled in the bladder (121), and a deformable puller (123) connected to the impactor (32). The impactor (32) drives the deformable puller (123) to move, causing the filler (122) to move within the bladder (121) and change the shape of the bladder (121). The guide section (31) includes several layered guide tracks (311) that run along the conveying direction of the first conveyor belt (10). The paths of any two guide tracks (311) may be the same or different. Each guide track (311) can accommodate the impactor (32) corresponding to the layer to pass through, thereby constraining the impactor (32) to move along the track. The guide trajectory (311) includes a pull-out area (3111). The pull-out areas (3111) in the guide trajectory (311) from top to bottom are staggered, so that the top impactors (32) in the groove (11) move in staggered manner from top to bottom. The opening zone (3111) is set with a wave pattern, and the impactor (32) vibrates when it passes through the opening zone (3111).

2. The Angelica dahurica processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second conveyor belt (20) is arranged opposite to the first conveyor belt (10) to assist the first conveyor belt (10) in transporting and cleaning medicinal materials.

3. The Angelica dahurica processing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second conveyor belt (20) moves forward synchronously with the first conveyor belt (10). The second conveyor belt (20) has grooves (21) arranged evenly along its width direction on the outer side. The grooves (21) correspond one-to-one with the grooves (11). The inner wall of the grooves (21) is covered with kneading parts (22).

4. The Angelica dahurica processing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second conveyor belt (20) moves forward asynchronously with the first conveyor belt (10). The outer side of the second conveyor belt (20) is set as a rough surface. The speed of the second conveyor belt (20) lags behind the first conveyor belt (10) or the speed of the second conveyor belt (20) is variable speed, causing the medicinal materials in the groove (11) to rotate.

5. The Angelica dahurica processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The ball washing assembly (40) includes a ball outlet (41) provided corresponding to the rubbing mechanism (30) and a cleaning ball (42) supplied from the ball outlet (41). The cleaning ball (42) falls into the rubbing part (12) for cleaning the surface of the medicinal material. A washing assembly (50) includes a washing tank (51), a pump (52), and a docking device (53). The impactor (32) is hollow. When the impactor (32) reaches the docking device (53), the pump (52) pumps gas or liquid into the impactor (32) through the docking device (53), causing a change in pressure within the groove (11) and generating ultrasonic vibrations, further accelerating the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials. A drying component (60) is disposed after the washing component (50) and is used to dry the washed medicinal materials in a timely manner.

6. A production process based on the Angelica dahurica processing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Feeding. The medicinal materials are manually loaded into the groove (11) of the first conveyor belt (10) through the feed inlet (70). Step 2, rubbing and washing: The medicinal materials are transported to the ball washing assembly (40) by the first conveyor belt (10). A certain number of washing balls (42) are filled into the groove (11) and mixed with the medicinal materials. The rubbing part (12) undergoes deformation, so that the washing balls (42) squeeze and rub the outer surface of the medicinal materials, gradually removing the surface mud and sand. Step 3, water washing: The medicinal materials are transported to the water washing assembly (50) by the first conveyor belt (10). The pump (52) pumps gas or liquid into the hollow impactor (32) through the docking device (53). The gas or liquid passes through the first conveyor belt (10) and enters the groove (11), causing the pressure in the groove (11) to change and generate ultrasonic vibration, which further accelerates the removal of dirt from the surface of the medicinal materials. as well as Step 4: Drying. After washing, the medicinal materials are sent to the drying unit (60) to quickly dry the moisture on the surface of the medicinal materials. Among them, the kneading part (12) in the groove (11) kneads the surface of the medicinal material in the following order: from top to bottom, the distance between the outer wall of the kneading part (12) and the medicinal material is gradually increased, so that the mud and dirt on the surface of the medicinal material are gradually peeled off from top to bottom. The docking device (53) controls the impactor (32) to tightly wrap the two ends of the kneading part (12) with the medicinal material, and a certain space is formed between the middle of the medicinal material and the kneading part (12), which is conducive to the gas or liquid rushing into the cavity to form eddies or high-frequency vibrations to remove residual dirt from the surface of the medicinal material.

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