A ship power generation and hydrogen production system

Abstract

The application provides a ship power generation and hydrogen production system, which comprises a power generation system and a hydrogen production system; the power generation system comprises a ship diesel generator set, a solar photovoltaic power generation device, a hydrogen fuel cell and a light storage battery; the hydrogen production system comprises an electrolytic water hydrogen production system, a reforming hydrogen production system, a methanol preparation system and a water supply system; the water supply system supplies water to the electrolytic water hydrogen production system and the reforming hydrogen production system, the hydrogen produced by the electrolytic water hydrogen production system is supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell and the methanol preparation system, and the reforming hydrogen production system produces hydrogen supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell according to the methanol provided by the methanol preparation system and the fresh water provided by the water supply system. The system provided by the application has multiple working modes and can well meet the power requirements of the ship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine power generation technology, and more specifically to a marine power generation and hydrogen production system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the times and the progress of society, environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent, and carbon neutrality is a major issue facing society today. Currently, ships still primarily rely on traditional fossil fuels such as diesel, with marine diesel engines using heavy oil for propulsion, and marine electrical equipment mainly consisting of diesel generators. Clean energy is now prevalent. Solar photovoltaic power generation converts solar energy into electricity, a zero-pollution, pure green and clean energy source; hydrogen fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen as main raw materials to generate water and produce electricity, offering advantages such as high efficiency, low noise, and cleanliness. Currently, the government encourages ships to use new or clean energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions, therefore these clean energy sources have broad application prospects in the shipping industry.

[0003] However, solar power generation devices are currently mostly used on land, and hydrogen fuel cells are mostly used only in land-based sectors such as automobiles, with limited application in the marine sector. Ships have high standards and requirements for electricity use during normal navigation, so conventional land-based systems cannot be used directly. How to apply these clean energy sources to ships in an orderly and efficient manner, effectively reducing the use of traditional fossil fuels while meeting ship electricity needs and national regulations, is a question worthy of our consideration and research.

[0004] Currently, marine power is primarily supplied by marine diesel generator sets. The output power of these generator sets typically ranges from several kilowatts to several hundred kilowatts, depending on the specific needs of the vessel. For example, a small yacht might only require a few kilowatts of output power, while a large ship might need over eight hundred kilowatts. In general, the output power of marine diesel generator sets is related to factors such as the size of the vessel, the number and power of the electrical equipment used.

[0005] Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a technology that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Solar photovoltaic panels are the core component of solar power generation equipment; they are semiconductor electronic devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy. When sunlight shines on a solar panel, the light energy is absorbed by the photovoltaic cells, and electrons are excited and jump, generating electricity. The power output of solar PV power generation is mainly affected by the intensity of solar radiation, the conversion efficiency of the solar panel, and the area of ​​the panel. According to international standards, the power output of one square meter of solar PV is approximately 100-120W. However, the specific output power is also affected by factors such as weather, temperature, and cloud cover.

[0006] A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. Its basic principle is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the negative and positive electrodes, respectively. Hydrogen diffuses outward through the negative electrode and reacts with the electrolyte, releasing electrons that travel through an external load to the positive electrode. The chemical reactions that occur are as follows:

[0007]

[0008] The power generation performance of hydrogen fuel cells is mainly affected by factors such as cell size, electrode materials, membrane materials, and catalysts. Currently, the power generation capacity of hydrogen fuel cells can typically reach several kilowatts to over one hundred kilowatts, and some models even have a power generation capacity as high as 240 kW.

[0009] The methanol reforming process for hydrogen production is simple and the production method is stable and reliable. Methanol is cracked into carbon-containing gases such as H2 and CO under certain temperature and pressure conditions. CO reacts with water vapor to produce H2 and CO2. CO2 is then removed by pressure swing adsorption, ultimately yielding high-purity H2. The reaction between methanol and water vapor occurs under the action of a catalyst as follows:

[0010] Reforming reaction:

[0011] Decomposition reaction:

[0012] Water-vapor shift reaction:

[0013] Hydrogen gas and carbon oxides can be used to synthesize methanol, and the following reaction occurs:

[0014]

[0015] In summary, solar photovoltaic power generation devices and hydrogen fuel cells are fully capable of partially replacing marine diesel generator sets to provide the necessary electricity for ships, meeting the ship's power requirements. Furthermore, the chemical reaction conditions that occur can all be achieved in the marine environment. Therefore, the ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by this invention has great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0016] To address the aforementioned technical issues, a ship power generation and hydrogen production system is provided.

[0017] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0018] A ship power generation and hydrogen production system includes a power generation system and a hydrogen production system; the power generation system includes a ship diesel generator set, a solar photovoltaic power generation device, a hydrogen fuel cell, and a photovoltaic storage battery; the hydrogen production system includes a water electrolysis hydrogen production system, a reforming hydrogen production system, a methanol production system, and a water supply system.

[0019] The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes a first delivery pipeline, an water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a hydrogen proportioning regulator; the reforming hydrogen production system includes a second delivery pipeline, a reforming hydrogen production reactor, and a gas adsorption filtration device; the methanol production system includes a gas processing device, a methanol synthesis reactor, and a methanol storage tank; the water supply system includes a seawater desalination device and a seawater pump.

[0020] The inlet of the seawater desalination device is connected to the seawater pump, which draws seawater into the desalination device. The outlet of the seawater desalination device is connected to the inlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and the inlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor via the first and second delivery pipelines, respectively. The power transmission port of the solar photovoltaic power generation device is connected to the power terminal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the charging terminal of the photovoltaic battery, and the ship's power distribution device, respectively. The power transmission terminal of the photovoltaic battery is connected to the ship's power distribution device. The water electrolysis hydrogen production device generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and the hydrogen outlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is connected to the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen interface of the methanol synthesis reactor via the hydrogen proportioning regulator, respectively. The positive electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the atmosphere via an air compressor. The power transmission terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the ship's power distribution device.

[0021] Ship exhaust gas is connected to the inlet of the gas treatment device, which removes exhaust gas from the ship exhaust gas. The exhaust port of the gas treatment device is connected to the outside. The CO / CO2 outlet is connected to the CO / CO2 inlet of the methanol synthesis reactor, which synthesizes methanol from CO / CO2 and hydrogen. The methanol outlet of the methanol synthesis reactor is connected to the inlet of the methanol storage tank, and the outlet of the methanol storage tank is connected to the methanol inlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor. The outlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor is connected to the inlet of the gas adsorption filter device, which adsorbs CO and CO2 generated by the reforming hydrogen production reactor. The hydrogen outlet of the gas adsorption filter device is connected to the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0022] The marine diesel generator set is connected to the marine power distribution device; the marine power distribution device and the marine diesel generator set have a feedback regulation device, which is used to regulate the power generation of the marine diesel generator set.

[0023] The ship's power distribution equipment is connected to the ship's electrical loads via the ship's power grid.

[0024] Preferably, when all shipboard equipment is functioning normally and there is sufficient sunlight:

[0025] The solar photovoltaic device, the marine diesel generator set, the hydrogen fuel cell, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the water supply system, and the methanol preparation system are all in operation. The photovoltaic battery is only charged and automatically disconnects power after being fully charged. The methanol storage tank stores methanol.

[0026] Preferably, when the feedback adjustment device obtains that the electrical energy generated by the solar power generation device and the hydrogen fuel cell fully or partially meets the ship's power needs, the ship's diesel generator set reduces its output power.

[0027] Preferably, the hydrogen proportioner adjusts the proportion of hydrogen entering the methanol synthesis reactor to be greater than the proportion entering the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0028] Preferably, when all shipboard equipment is functioning normally and there is insufficient or no lighting:

[0029] The water supply system, the reforming hydrogen production system, the ship diesel generator set, and the hydrogen fuel cell are operating, while the photovoltaic battery is not supplying power.

[0030] Preferably, when all ship equipment is malfunctioning, the hydrogen fuel cell and / or the photovoltaic storage battery operate; when the hydrogen fuel cell is operating, the water supply system and the reforming hydrogen production system also operate.

[0031] Preferably, the source of the ship's exhaust gas is an incinerator.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by the present invention introduces solar photovoltaic power generation devices, hydrogen fuel cells and photovoltaic storage batteries into the ship, which serve as the main power generation device, auxiliary power generation device and emergency power source, respectively. Together with the traditional ship diesel generator set, they provide power to meet the ship's power needs, greatly reducing the workload of the ship diesel generator set, reducing the amount of diesel fuel used, and providing more clean energy for the ship.

[0034] 2. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by the present invention provides a ship hydrogen production and utilization device while providing power to the ship. When there is sunlight, hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of desalinated seawater to provide hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cells, while another part of the hydrogen is used to synthesize methanol. When there is insufficient sunlight or no sunlight, hydrogen is produced by methanol reforming to supply hydrogen fuel cells for power generation. Hydrogen is fully and rationally utilized while meeting the ship's power requirements, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0035] 3. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by this invention, when the electrical energy generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation device and the hydrogen fuel cell fully or partially meets the ship's power needs, uses a feedback regulation device to regulate the ship's diesel generator set, which greatly reduces the workload of the ship's diesel generator set, reduces diesel consumption, and improves the overall economy of the ship.

[0036] 4. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by the present invention uses exhaust gas from incinerators and other sources in the gas treatment device, making full use of ship exhaust gas, improving energy utilization and economic efficiency.

[0037] 5. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by this invention stores hydrogen by synthesizing liquid methanol, that is, hydrogen reacts with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to synthesize methanol. Compared with the traditional hydrogen storage tank method, which is high-pressure, prone to leakage, and flammable and explosive, storing hydrogen with more stable liquid methanol as a carrier is safer and greatly improves the safety of the ship's environment.

[0038] 6. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system provided by this invention combines the exhaust gas treatment of the incinerator, seawater desalination, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, solar power generation, hydrogen fuel cell power generation, hydrogen synthesis of methanol, and methanol reforming for hydrogen production in a simple and organic way. This greatly increases the connection between ship systems, and the simplified system is safer and more reliable. At the same time, it greatly improves the energy utilization rate and the overall economic efficiency of the ship.

[0039] In summary, the technical solution of this invention can reduce the reliance of ship power systems on traditional ship diesel generators, apply cleaner and greener energy to ships, reduce ship pollution problems while improving energy utilization and economy, and can be widely promoted in the field of ship power systems and in practical applications. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of a ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Incinerator; 2. Gas processing unit; 3. Methanol synthesis reactor; 4. Methanol storage tank; 5. Reforming hydrogen production reactor; 6. Gas adsorption and filtration unit; 7. Air compressor; 8. Hydrogen proportioning regulator; 9. Electrolytic water hydrogen production unit; 10. Seawater desalination unit; 11. Seawater pump; 12. Marine diesel generator set; 13. Solar photovoltaic power generation unit; 14. Monitoring module; 15. Hydrogen fuel cell; 16. Photovoltaic battery; 17. Feedback regulation device; 18. Marine power distribution unit; 19. Marine power grid; 20. Marine electrical load. Detailed Implementation

[0043] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0046] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0048] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0049] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0050] like Figure 1As shown in the illustration, this specific embodiment discloses a ship power generation and hydrogen production system, including a power generation system and a hydrogen production system. The power generation system includes a ship diesel generator set 12, a solar photovoltaic power generation device 13, a hydrogen fuel cell 15, and a photovoltaic storage battery 16. The solar photovoltaic power generation device 13 is connected to the charging terminal of the photovoltaic storage battery 16 to charge the photovoltaic storage battery 16, and the circuit automatically disconnects after it is fully charged. The ship diesel generator set 12 serves as the main power generation device, the hydrogen fuel cell as the auxiliary power generation device, and the photovoltaic storage battery 16 as an emergency power source. The ship diesel generator set 12, the solar photovoltaic power generation device 13, the hydrogen fuel cell 15, and the photovoltaic storage battery 16 are respectively connected to the ship's power distribution device 18 via circuits. The ship's power distribution device 18 is connected to the ship's user load 20 via the ship's power grid 19. A feedback regulation device 17 is provided between the ship's power distribution device 18 and the ship diesel generator set 12, and the feedback regulation device 17 is used to regulate the power generation of the ship diesel generator set 12.

[0051] The hydrogen production system includes an electrolysis hydrogen production system, a reforming hydrogen production system, a methanol preparation system, and a water supply system.

[0052] The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes a first delivery pipeline, an water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9, and a hydrogen proportioning regulator 8; the reforming hydrogen production system includes a second delivery pipeline, a reforming hydrogen production reactor 5, and a gas adsorption filtration device 6; the methanol production system includes a gas treatment device 2, a methanol synthesis reactor 3, and a methanol storage tank 4; the water supply system includes a seawater desalination device 10 and a seawater pump 11; the specific connection methods of the above devices are as follows:

[0053] The inlet of the seawater desalination device 10 is connected to the seawater pump 11, which pumps seawater into the desalination device 10 to desalinate it into water. The outlet of the seawater desalination device 10 is connected to the inlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 and the inlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor 5 through the first and second conveying pipelines, respectively. The power transmission port of the solar photovoltaic power generation device 13 is also connected to the power terminal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 to provide power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9. The water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 electrolyzes water to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen outlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 is connected to the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell 15 and the hydrogen interface of the methanol synthesis reactor 3 through the hydrogen proportioning regulator 8, providing hydrogen to both and being able to regulate the distribution ratio of the supplied hydrogen. The positive electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell 15 is connected to the atmosphere through the air compressor 7. The water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 15 is discharged from the entire system, and the hydrogen fuel cell 15 is connected to a monitoring module to monitor its working status.

[0054] Ship exhaust gas is connected to the inlet of the gas treatment device 2. The source of the ship exhaust gas is the incinerator 1. Any equipment that can provide flue gas or ship exhaust gas can become the gas source for the gas treatment device, such as ship diesel engine exhaust gas. The gas treatment device 2 is used to remove the exhaust gas in the ship exhaust gas, retaining CO / CO2. The exhaust port of the gas treatment device 2 is connected to the outside. The CO / CO2 outlet is connected to the CO / CO2 inlet of the methanol synthesis reactor 3. The methanol synthesis reactor 3 synthesizes methanol from CO / CO2 and part of the hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 under high pressure. The methanol outlet of the methanol synthesis reactor 3 is connected to the inlet of the methanol storage tank 4, and the generated methanol solution is stored in the methanol storage tank 4. The outlet of the methanol storage tank 4 is connected to the heavy... The methanol inlet of the reforming hydrogen reactor 5 is connected; the methanol solution in the reforming hydrogen reactor 5 reacts with water to generate CO, CO2 and H2. The outlet of the reforming hydrogen reactor 5 is connected to the inlet of the gas adsorption filter 6. The gas adsorption filter 6 adsorbs the CO and CO2 generated by the reforming hydrogen reactor, and the hydrogen outlet of the gas adsorption filter 6 is connected to the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell 15. That is to say, the hydrogen source of the hydrogen fuel cell 15 is from two parts, one part is provided by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and the other part is provided by the reforming hydrogen reactor.

[0055] The system provided in this specific embodiment has multiple working modes:

[0056] When all ship equipment is functioning normally and there is sufficient sunlight:

[0057] The solar photovoltaic device, the marine diesel generator set, the hydrogen fuel cell, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the water supply system, and the methanol production system are all operational. The photovoltaic battery is only charged and automatically disconnects power after being fully charged. The methanol storage tank stores methanol. Specifically:

[0058] Solar photovoltaic device 13 receives sunlight and converts solar energy into electrical energy. At this time, the ship's diesel generator set 12 and solar photovoltaic device 13 operate, and the generated electricity is sent to the ship's electrical loads 20 via the ship's power distribution device 18 and ship's power grid 19 to power the entire ship. A portion of the electricity from solar photovoltaic device 13 is sent to the ship's power distribution device 18, a portion to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9, and the remaining portion is used to charge the photovoltaic storage battery 16. Simultaneously, seawater pump 11 is activated, sending seawater to the seawater desalination device 10 for desalination, and then to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 for hydrogen production. The hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 passes through the hydrogen proportioning regulator 8, with a portion flowing into the hydrogen fuel cell 15 and the other portion into the methanol synthesis reactor 3. At this time, air compressor 7 operates, introducing air into the hydrogen fuel cell 15. Air is introduced to the positive electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell, and hydrogen is introduced to the negative electrode to generate electricity. The generated electricity is fed into the main power generation unit to power the entire ship, while the generated water is discharged from the hull. If the electricity generated by the solar power generation device 13 and the hydrogen fuel cell 15 fully or partially meets the ship's power needs, the feedback regulation device 17 will regulate the ship's diesel generator set 12 to reduce its diesel consumption. Simultaneously, the flue gas from the incinerator 1 is treated by the gas treatment device 2, which introduces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into the methanol synthesis reactor 3, while the remaining gas is discharged into the atmosphere. The methanol synthesis reactor 3 uses carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen as reactants to synthesize methanol under high pressure and catalytic conditions, which is then stored in the methanol storage tank 4. The operating status of the hydrogen fuel cell 15 is monitored by the fuel cell monitoring module 14. When the photovoltaic battery 16 has sufficient power, the solar photovoltaic power generation device 13 automatically stops supplying it. The fresh water produced by the seawater desalination device 10 can also power the entire ship. The hydrogen proportioning regulator 8 adjusts the proportion of hydrogen entering the methanol synthesis reactor 3 to be greater than the proportion entering the hydrogen fuel cell 15.

[0059] When all shipboard equipment is operating normally, but sunlight is insufficient or absent: the water supply system, the reforming hydrogen production system, the ship's diesel generator set 12, and the hydrogen fuel cell 15 operate, while the photovoltaic storage battery 16 does not supply power. Specifically, the solar photovoltaic power generation device 13 cannot generate electricity to power the entire ship. At this time, the main power generation device is the ship's diesel generator set 12, and the hydrogen fuel cell 15 serves as an auxiliary power generation device, working together with the main power generation device to power the entire ship. Meanwhile, methanol in the methanol storage tank 4 and fresh water in the seawater desalination device 10 are mixed in a certain proportion and introduced into the reforming hydrogen production reactor 5 for methanol steam reforming. The resulting gases are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. After the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are treated by the gas adsorption filter device 6, only hydrogen remains, which is then introduced into the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell 15. The air compressor 7 continues to operate, introducing air into the positive electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell 15 operates normally to generate electricity, which is then incorporated into the main power generation device to power the entire ship. The generated water is discharged from the ship's hold.

[0060] When all shipboard equipment malfunctions: the hydrogen fuel cell and / or the photovoltaic storage battery operate. When the hydrogen fuel cell operates, the water supply system and the reforming hydrogen production system also operate. Specifically: when all shipboard equipment malfunctions and there is a need for emergency lighting or other power consumption, the hydrogen fuel cell 15, which serves as an auxiliary power generation device, and / or the photovoltaic storage battery 16, which serves as an emergency power generation device, operate. The electrical energy generated is sent to the ship's electrical loads 20 via the ship's power distribution device 18 and the ship's power grid 19 to provide emergency power to the entire ship.

[0061] Considering the significant electrical energy demand of the ship during navigation, the ship's diesel generator set 12 remains the main power generation unit, ensuring a constant power supply for the entire ship. The solar photovoltaic power generation unit 13 also serves as the main power generation unit, converting solar energy into electricity when there is sunlight, directly supplying power to the entire ship. If the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation unit fully or partially meets the ship's power needs, the feedback regulation device 17 adjusts the ship's diesel generator set 12, greatly reducing the workload of the diesel generator set, decreasing diesel fuel consumption, and improving the overall economy of the ship.

[0062] Considering the significant electrical energy demand of ships during navigation, the hydrogen fuel cell 15 serves as an auxiliary power generation device, consistently contributing to the ship's power supply. When all ship equipment is functioning normally and there is sunlight, the power output of the hydrogen fuel cell is relatively low; however, when all ship equipment is functioning normally but there is insufficient or no sunlight, or when ship equipment malfunctions and emergency lighting is required, the hydrogen fuel cell 15 generates a larger power output or can operate at full load.

[0063] When all ship equipment is functioning normally and there is sunlight, the hydrogen proportion regulator 8 provides a higher proportion of hydrogen to the methanol synthesis reactor 3 and a relatively lower proportion of hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell 15. This means that while meeting the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen fuel cell 15, more hydrogen is supplied to the methanol synthesis reactor 3 to synthesize more methanol. However, when all ship equipment is functioning normally but there is insufficient or no sunlight, or when all ship equipment is malfunctioning and requires emergency lighting or other electrical needs, the hydrogen proportion regulator 8 stops working because the water electrolysis hydrogen production device 9 cannot produce hydrogen due to the lack of sunlight.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine power generation and hydrogen production system, characterized by, This includes power generation systems and hydrogen production systems; The power generation system includes a marine diesel generator set, a solar photovoltaic power generation device, a hydrogen fuel cell, and a photovoltaic storage battery; The hydrogen production system includes an electrolysis hydrogen production system, a reforming hydrogen production system, a methanol preparation system, and a water supply system. The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes a first delivery pipeline, an water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a hydrogen proportioning regulator; the reforming hydrogen production system includes a second delivery pipeline, a reforming hydrogen production reactor, and a gas adsorption filtration device; the methanol production system includes a gas processing device, a methanol synthesis reactor, and a methanol storage tank; the water supply system includes a seawater desalination device and a seawater pump. The inlet of the seawater desalination device is connected to the seawater pump, which draws seawater into the desalination device. The outlet of the seawater desalination device is connected to the inlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device and the inlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor via the first and second delivery pipelines, respectively. The power transmission port of the solar photovoltaic power generation device is connected to the power terminal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the charging terminal of the photovoltaic battery, and the ship's power distribution device, respectively. The power transmission terminal of the photovoltaic battery is connected to the ship's power distribution device. The water electrolysis hydrogen production device generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and the hydrogen outlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is connected to the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen interface of the methanol synthesis reactor via the hydrogen proportioning regulator, respectively. The positive electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the atmosphere via an air compressor. The power transmission terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the ship's power distribution device. Ship exhaust gas is connected to the inlet of the gas treatment device, which removes exhaust gas from the ship exhaust gas. The exhaust port of the gas treatment device is connected to the outside. The CO / CO2 outlet is connected to the CO / CO2 inlet of the methanol synthesis reactor, which synthesizes methanol from CO / CO2 and hydrogen. The methanol outlet of the methanol synthesis reactor is connected to the inlet of the methanol storage tank, and the outlet of the methanol storage tank is connected to the methanol inlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor. The outlet of the reforming hydrogen production reactor is connected to the inlet of the gas adsorption filter device, which adsorbs CO and CO2 generated by the reforming hydrogen production reactor. The hydrogen outlet of the gas adsorption filter device is connected to the negative electrode of the hydrogen fuel cell. The ship's diesel generator set is connected to the ship's power distribution device; the ship's power distribution device is connected to the ship's electrical loads through the ship's power grid.

2. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized by, The ship's electrical distribution unit and the ship's diesel engine set are connected by a feedback regulation device, which is used to regulate the power generation of the ship's diesel generator set.

3. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 2, characterized by, When all ship equipment is functioning normally and there is sufficient sunlight: The solar photovoltaic power generation device, the marine diesel generator set, the hydrogen fuel cell, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the water supply system, and the methanol preparation system are all in operation. The photovoltaic storage battery is only charged and automatically disconnects power after it is fully charged. The methanol storage tank stores methanol.

4. The ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 3, characterized by, When the feedback adjustment device obtains that the electrical energy generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation device and the hydrogen fuel cell fully or partially meets the ship's power needs, the ship's diesel generator set reduces its output power.

5. A ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogen proportioning regulator adjusts the proportion of hydrogen entering the methanol synthesis reactor to be greater than the proportion entering the hydrogen fuel cell.

6. A ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When all ship equipment is functioning normally, but lighting is insufficient or nonexistent: The water supply system, the reforming hydrogen production system, the ship diesel generator set, and the hydrogen fuel cell are operating, while the photovoltaic battery is not supplying power.

7. A ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When all shipboard equipment malfunctions, the hydrogen fuel cell and / or the photovoltaic storage battery will operate. When the hydrogen fuel cell is operating, the water supply system and the reforming hydrogen production system will also operate.

8. A ship power generation and hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The source of the ship's exhaust gas is an incinerator.

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