An adaptive single-row cabbage root-cutting actuator and a working method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator and a working method thereof. The actuator comprises a bucket portion, a cutting notch is provided at the front end thereof for cutting and separating the cabbage body and the cabbage root; the rear part of the cutting notch extends backward to form a conveying bottom plate for transporting the cabbage body to a transport device; the front end of the cutting notch is provided with a downward bending part for guiding, lifting and centering the cabbage when it moves backward; a vegetable root collection frame for collecting the cut cabbage roots is fixedly connected below the bucket portion; a rear end cross beam, a part of which is connected to a power machine, and the other part is connected to the vegetable root collection frame through an angle compensation mechanism, so that the bucket portion and the vegetable root collection frame as a whole can realize a small range of left and right swing. The invention can harvest cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants, and realize the collection of cabbage roots, thereby reducing the harm of harmful bacteria produced by the corruption of cabbage residues to the planting of the next crop of vegetables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an adaptive single-row Chinese cabbage root arching and cutting actuator and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Chinese cabbage is the main source of vegetables for residents in my country and even in Asia in autumn and winter. It is planted on a large scale in China, South Korea, Japan and other countries and regions. However, manual harvesting of Chinese cabbage is a very laborious process and is very inefficient. In addition, rotten cabbage leaves and roots will produce Erwinia bacteria and Rhizopus fungi in the soil, which will cause root rot in the next crop of vegetables. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an actuator that can "take roots" and harvest and pack cabbage roots, so as to achieve one-time harvest of large areas of cabbage and reduce the harm of residues to the next crop of vegetable planting.

[0003] my country started research on mechanized cabbage harvesting equipment relatively late and is still in the stage of theoretical design and prototype trial production. There has been no report on mature cabbage harvesting equipment. According to research, watering of cabbage has been stopped in the early stage of harvesting. When harvesting cabbage in a single row, the cabbage is pulled out by taking advantage of its weaker sticking force relative to the soil and the resistance encountered by the cutting tool installed on the walking machine, and then the cabbage is separated from the rhizome. This method only applies an upward pulling force to the lower end of the cabbage, so the appearance of the cabbage is slightly damaged.

[0004] At present, the research at home and abroad mainly focuses on low-damage cabbage pulling technology and flexible clamping and conveying technology, and has not considered the process of root extraction. Therefore, in combination with the planting agronomy and characteristics of Chinese cabbage in my country, it is urgent to design a cabbage line harvesting, root and stem separation and collection equipment, which is integrated into a cutting unit and can work with the existing transportation mechanism and power machinery on the market. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an adaptive single-row cabbage root arching and cutting actuator, which can harvest cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants and achieve root cutting and root collection, which not only improves the cabbage harvesting efficiency, but also reduces the harm of harmful bacteria produced by the corruption of cabbage root residues to the next crop of vegetable planting.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator, comprising:

[0008] The bucket part has a cutting notch at its front end, and the cutting notch is used to cut and separate the cabbage body and the cabbage root; the rear part of the cutting notch extends backward to form a conveying bottom plate for conveying the cabbage body to the conveying device;

[0009] The front end of the cutting notch is provided with a downward bending portion, which is used to guide, lift and center the cabbage when it moves backward;

[0010] A vegetable root collecting frame for collecting the cut cabbage roots is fixedly connected below the bucket portion;

[0011] A rear end cross beam, a part of which is connected to the power machine, and another part of which is connected to the vegetable root collection frame through an angle compensation mechanism, so that the bucket part and the vegetable root collection frame as a whole can achieve a small range of left and right swings, thereby harvesting cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants, and the angle compensation mechanism includes:

[0012] Two side holes are symmetrically arranged on the two collecting frame side plates of the vegetable root collecting frame, and a supporting block is fixed in each side hole;

[0013] A spring is also provided in each side hole, one end of the spring is connected to the support block through a first spring support shaft, and the other end of the spring is connected to the rear end cross beam through a second spring support shaft;

[0014] A rotating connection part, connected between the rear end horizontal support beam and the rear end of the vegetable root collecting frame, serving as a rotating fulcrum when the bucket part and the vegetable root collecting frame swing left and right as a whole;

[0015] The vegetable root collecting frame is provided with a connecting groove for connecting with a supporting oil cylinder on a power machine.

[0016] The rear end cross beam comprises:

[0017] A connecting crossbeam, used for fixed connection with the power machinery;

[0018] Two support arms are symmetrically connected to the two ends of the connecting crossbeam, and the cantilevered ends of the two support arms are connected to the second spring support shaft.

[0019] The support block is provided with a waist-shaped through groove;

[0020] The bucket frame lateral swing support shaft has one end connected to the cantilevered end of the support arm and the other end extending into the waist-shaped through groove.

[0021] The bucket portion comprises:

[0022] A conveying bottom plate and two side walls symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the conveying bottom plate;

[0023] The front end of the conveying bottom plate is provided with a guide groove section with a gradually decreasing diameter along the cabbage transport direction, the cutting notch is provided at the middle of the front end of the guide groove section, and side ears are provided on both sides of the guide groove section to guide the cabbage;

[0024] The guide plate is formed by bending two steel plates located inside the cutting notch downward, and the bending part is rounded;

[0025] An inclined surface with a sudden change in slope is arranged on the bottom plate of the guide groove section, and the inclined surface with a sudden change in slope can break the adhesion between the cabbage and the bottom plate of the guide groove section, so that the cabbage can smoothly enter the transfer machine.

[0026] The vegetable root collection frame comprises:

[0027] A collecting frame bottom plate, a collecting frame side plate and a collecting frame rear baffle, wherein the top of the collecting frame side plate is fixedly connected to the conveying bottom plate of the bucket part by fasteners.

[0028] A bucket frame connecting beam for reinforcement is provided between the top of the collecting frame side plate and the conveying bottom plate of the bucket part.

[0029] The upper part of the side plate of the collecting frame has an upper end extension portion exceeding the rear baffle of the collecting frame, and the connecting groove is a U-shaped groove opened on the upper end extension portion;

[0030] The power machine is provided with a supporting oil cylinder, a piston rod of which is connected with a transverse axis, which can be inserted into the U-shaped groove. The height of the entire actuator can be adjusted by extending and retracting the supporting oil cylinder to adapt to different terrains.

[0031] The present invention further discloses a working method of the adaptive single-row Chinese cabbage root-cutting actuator.

[0032] The cabbage on the ridge enters through the cutting notch of the bucket, and the cabbage with cut roots moves upward and backward into the transport device in turn, and the cabbage roots fall into the cabbage root collection frame;

[0033] Through the angle compensation mechanism, the bucket part and the vegetable root collecting frame as a whole can realize a small range of left and right swing, so as to harvest cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants;

[0034] By extending and retracting the supporting cylinder on the power machinery, the height of the entire actuator can be adjusted to adapt to different terrains. Beneficial Effects

[0035] The present invention provides an adaptive single-row cabbage root-cutting actuator, which can finally achieve the effect of harvesting a single row of cabbage, extracting, cutting and collecting the underground rhizomes of a single row of cabbage at one time. Compared with the existing harvesting equipment, it has the following technical effects:

[0036] 1. An adaptive root-cutting and collection machine was developed, which not only harvests the cabbage, but also removes the roots that would otherwise rot and become harmful to the soil.

[0037] 2. The designed bucket assembly has a longitudinal structure that guides the cabbage as it moves backward. The cabbage at a random position in the slot is gradually lifted upward in an "A" shape and linearly guided backward to the center position. The cabbage roots are cut off by the sharp slots, and root pulling and cutting are completed by shape constraint and relative motion. The cut vegetable roots enter the vegetable root collection basket at the lower rear, and the cabbage is driven upward for transportation.

[0038] 3. The angle compensation spring and the hinge in the middle of the rear end cross beam are used to realize the left and right swing of the bucket part, which can realize the adaptive function of the actuator, so as to harvest cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants.

[0039] 4. With the help of the long groove at the rear of the vegetable root collection frame and the supporting cylinder of the power machinery, the height of the actuator tool can be adjusted to adapt to the terrain, and it can be adjusted to a horizontal position in the non-working state for easy transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a general assembly diagram of the various parts of the actuator in the present invention;

[0041] Among them, 1 is the bucket part; 2 is the rear end horizontal support beam; 3 is the vegetable root collection frame; 4 is the bucket frame connecting beam; 5 is the angle compensation mechanism; 6 is the screw assembly; 7 is the bucket frame horizontal swing support shaft;

[0042] Figure 2 is an isometric view of the bucket portion of the actuator of the present invention;

[0043] Among them, 11 is a support ear; 12 is a side wall; 13 is a support positioning hole; 14 is a bucket positioning hole; 15 is a bottom plate of the guide groove section; 16 is a side ear; 17 is a cutting notch; 18 is a guide plate;

[0044] Figure 3 is an isometric view of the rear end cross beam of the actuator of the present invention;

[0045] Among them, 21 is a hinge head; 22 is a square tube beam; 23 is an L-shaped support arm; 24 is a support shaft hole; 25 is a bucket frame horizontal swing support shaft connection hole;

[0046] Figure 4 It is an isometric view of the vegetable root collection frame of the actuator in the present invention;

[0047] Among them, 31 is a square tube with holes; 32 is a U-shaped groove; 33 is a side plate of the collection frame; 34 is a support block; 35 is a long slot hole; 36 is a side hole; 37 is a hanging ear; 38 is a first spring support shaft connection hole; 39 is a frame positioning hole;

[0048] Figure 5 It is an isometric view of the bucket frame connecting beam of the actuator in the present invention;

[0049] Among them, 41 is a flat plate; 42 is a countersunk hole;

[0050] Figure 6 is an isometric view of the angle compensation mechanism of the actuator in the present invention;

[0051] Among them, 51 is a spring support shaft; 52 is a spring; 53 is a limit groove;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the bucket frame connection of the actuator in the present invention;

[0053] Wherein, 6 is a machine screw assembly, including a countersunk screw, an elastic washer and a nut;

[0054] Figure 8 is an assembly diagram of the adaptive functional components of the actuator in the present invention;

[0055] Among them, 8 is a bolt assembly;

[0056] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the working condition of the actuator in the present invention;

[0057] Fig.10 This is a cabbage planting distribution data map for the present invention;

[0058] in, L Z is the plant spacing; d cj is the mean diameter of cabbage; d gj is the mean diameter of cabbage roots; H gj is the mean height of the cabbage roots when pulled out. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, other similar embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should all fall within the scope of protection of this application. In addition, the directional words mentioned in the following embodiments, such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc., are only reference to the directions of the drawings, so the use of directional words is to illustrate rather than limit the invention.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, an adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator. The power machine (tractor, etc.) transmits the thrust to the bucket part 1 through the cabbage root collecting frame 3;

[0061] Specifically, the cabbage on the ridge enters through the opening of the bucket part 1, and the cabbage with cut roots moves upward and backward in sequence into the transport device, and the roots fall into the root collection frame 3; the actuator realizes the harvesting of cabbage with position deviation through the angle compensation mechanism 5.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the bucket portion includes:

[0063] A conveying bottom plate and two side walls 12 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the conveying bottom plate;

[0064] The front end of the conveying bottom plate has a guide groove section with a gradually decreasing diameter along the cabbage transport direction, the cutting notch 17 is provided in the middle of the front end of the guide groove section, and side ears 16 are provided on both sides of the guide groove section to guide the cabbage;

[0065] The guide plate 18 is formed by bending two steel plates located inside the cutting notch downward, and the bending part is rounded; the purpose is to prevent the cabbage from being scratched;

[0066] An inclined surface with a sudden change in slope is arranged on the bottom plate of the guide groove section, and the inclined surface with a sudden change in slope can break the adhesion between the cabbage and the bottom plate of the guide groove section, so that the cabbage can smoothly enter the transfer machine.

[0067] The bucket part 1 is made of stainless steel plate after bending and welding. The lug 11 is used to strengthen the structural rigidity;

[0068] The spacing between the left and right side walls 12 can be adjusted according to the diameter of cabbage in different regions. The support positioning hole 13 can be connected to other mechanisms to fix the blade; the bucket positioning hole 14 is used to fix the countersunk hole 42 and the frame positioning hole 39 through the countersunk screw assembly 5 to achieve the connection between the bucket part 1 and the vegetable root collection frame 3;

[0069] The side ears 16 guide the cabbage, ensuring that the cabbage enters the cutting notch 17 smoothly;

[0070] Specifically, after the cabbage enters the range of the bucket part 1, it is squeezed by other cabbages on the ridge and moves in the upward, middle and rear directions simultaneously by the guide plate 18. When it moves to the cutting groove 17, the chamfers polished on three sides cut off the cabbage roots. When the cabbage moves up to the rear section of the bottom plate of the guide groove section, the slope of the bottom plate suddenly changes, breaking the adhesion between the cabbage and the bottom plate plane, allowing the cabbage to enter the transfer machinery smoothly.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the rear end cross beam comprises:

[0072] A connecting crossbeam, used for fixed connection with the power machinery;

[0073] Two support arms are symmetrically connected to the two ends of the connecting crossbeam, and the cantilevered ends of the two support arms are connected to the second spring support shaft.

[0074] The rear end transverse support beam 2 is mainly composed of a square tube beam 22, on which a hinge head 21 and an L-shaped support arm 23 are welded; a support shaft hole 24 and a bucket frame transverse support shaft connecting hole 25 are opened at the end of the L-shaped support arm 23.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, the vegetable root collection frame includes:

[0076] A collecting frame bottom plate, a collecting frame side plate and a collecting frame rear baffle, wherein the top of the collecting frame side plate is fixedly connected to the conveying bottom plate of the bucket part by fasteners.

[0077] The main body of the vegetable root collecting frame 3 is made of bent steel plate, on which a perforated square tube 31 and a support block 34 are welded; the hanging ears 37 are provided with frame positioning holes 39 for connecting the bucket part 1 while strengthening the structural rigidity;

[0078] Specifically, a side hole 36 is opened in the middle of the collecting frame side plate 33, which is used for welding the support block 34 while leaving space for the angle compensation mechanism 5; a waist-shaped through groove 35 is opened in the middle of the support block 34, which is used to install the bucket frame transverse support shaft 6; a first spring support shaft connecting hole 38 is opened on the adjacent surface of the support block 34, which is used to connect the first spring support shaft 51; the rear U-shaped groove 32 is used to connect the power machinery, and at the same time serves as a welding position for the perforated square tube 31.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, the bucket frame connecting beam 4 is a whole flat plate 41, on which a countersunk hole 42 is opened;

[0080] Specifically, Figure 7 As shown, the bucket frame connecting beam 4 is positioned with the bucket positioning hole 14 on the bucket part 1 and the frame positioning hole 39 on the vegetable root collecting frame 3 through the countersunk hole 42, and is connected together using six sets of machine screw assemblies 6.

[0081] like Figure 6 As shown, the angle compensation mechanism 5 includes: two side holes, symmetrically opened on the two collecting frame side plates of the vegetable root collecting frame, and a supporting block is fixed in each side hole;

[0082] A spring is also provided in each side hole, one end of the spring is connected to the support block through a first spring support shaft, and the other end of the spring is connected to the rear end cross beam through a second spring support shaft;

[0083] The rotating connection part is connected between the rear end horizontal support beam and the rear end of the vegetable root collecting frame, and serves as a rotating fulcrum when the bucket part and the vegetable root collecting frame swing left and right as a whole.

[0084] like Figure 8As shown, the rear end cross beam 2 is used as the reference part, the hinge head 21 is connected to the square tube 31 with holes by using the bolt assembly 8 to form a fixed hinge, and the bucket frame horizontal swing support shaft 7 is passed through the support shaft hole 24 on the L-shaped support arm 23 and then placed into the waist-shaped through groove 35 on the support block 34;

[0085] Specifically, the first spring support shaft 51 at one end of the angle compensation mechanism 5 is inserted into the bucket frame lateral swing support shaft connecting hole 25 on the L-shaped support arm 23 through the side hole 36, and the other end is inserted into the first spring support shaft connecting hole 38 of the block.

[0086] like Fig. 9 As shown, when the bucket portion 1 deviates to the left, the spring located on one side of the bucket portion is compressed and the spring located on the other side of the bucket portion is stretched; the opposite is true when the bucket portion deviates to the right. Example

[0087] The distribution data of cabbage planting on the ridges is as follows Fig.10 As shown,

[0088] Cabbage is planted on ridges, with a spacing of L Z = 300 mm, the average diameter of cabbage d cj = 250 mm, the average diameter of cabbage roots d gj = 60 mm, the average height of the cabbage roots being pulled out H gj = 80 mm.

[0089] Remove the resistance of pulling up the vegetable roots F b = 200 N, pull out the vegetable roots in a horizontal distance of one plant spacing, under the resistance F b The average height of the vegetable roots pulled out per minute under the action of H gj = 100×80 = 8000 mm = 8 m, the average extraction speed V gj = N∙H gj / 60 = 8 / 60 m / s, then the power consumption of pulling up the vegetable roots is P bg = F b ∙ V gj = 200×8 / 60 = 26.66W.

[0090] Remove the resistance of cutting off the roots F q=80 N, cutting speed of vegetable roots V q = N∙d gj / 60 = 100×60×10 ‒3 / 60 m / s = 1 / 60 m / s, power consumption when cutting off the vegetable roots P qg = F q ∙ V q = 80×1 / 60 = 1.33W.

[0091] The power of the diesel engine of the commonly used four-wheel tractor is mostly above 12HP (0.75×12 = 9 kW), which is sufficient for towing this actuator.

[0092] Only the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention, and various changes should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator, characterized in that: include: A bucket part, the front end of which is provided with a cutting notch, the cutting notch is used to cut and separate the cabbage body and the cabbage root; The rear part of the cutting notch extends backward to form a conveying bottom plate for conveying the cabbage body to the conveying device; The front end of the cutting notch is provided with a downward bending portion, which is used to guide, lift and center the cabbage when it moves backward; A vegetable root collecting frame for collecting the cut cabbage roots is fixedly connected below the bucket portion; A rear end cross beam, a part of which is connected to the power machine, and another part of which is connected to the vegetable root collection frame through an angle compensation mechanism, so that the bucket part and the vegetable root collection frame as a whole can achieve a small range of left and right swings, thereby harvesting cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants, and the angle compensation mechanism includes: Two side holes are symmetrically arranged on the two collecting frame side plates of the vegetable root collecting frame, and a supporting block is fixed in each side hole; A spring is also provided in each side hole, one end of the spring is connected to the support block through a first spring support shaft, and the other end of the spring is connected to the rear end cross beam through a second spring support shaft; A rotating connection part, connected between the rear end horizontal support beam and the rear end of the vegetable root collecting frame, serving as a rotating fulcrum when the bucket part and the vegetable root collecting frame swing left and right as a whole; The vegetable root collecting frame is provided with a connecting groove for connecting with the supporting oil cylinder on the power machinery; The rear end cross beam comprises: A connecting crossbeam, used for fixed connection with the power machinery; Two supporting arms are symmetrically connected to the two ends of the connecting beam, and the cantilevered ends of the two supporting arms are connected to the second spring support shaft; The support block is provided with a waist-shaped through groove; The bucket frame horizontal swing support shaft in the waist-shaped through groove has one end connected to the cantilevered end of the support arm and the other end extending into the waist-shaped through groove.

2. The adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bucket portion comprises: A conveying bottom plate and two side walls symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the conveying bottom plate; The front end of the conveying bottom plate is provided with a guide groove section with a gradually decreasing diameter along the cabbage transport direction, the cutting notch is provided at the middle of the front end of the guide groove section, and side ears are provided on both sides of the guide groove section to guide the cabbage; The guide plate is formed by bending two steel plates located inside the cutting notch downward, and the bending part is rounded; An inclined surface with a sudden change in slope is arranged on the bottom plate of the guide groove section, and the inclined surface with a sudden change in slope can break the adhesion between the cabbage and the bottom plate of the guide groove section, so that the cabbage can smoothly enter the transfer machine.

3. The adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The vegetable root collection frame comprises: A collecting frame bottom plate, a collecting frame side plate and a collecting frame rear baffle, wherein the top of the collecting frame side plate is fixedly connected to the conveying bottom plate of the bucket part by fasteners.

4. The adaptive single-row cabbage root cutting actuator according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A bucket frame connecting beam for reinforcement is provided between the top of the collecting frame side plate and the conveying bottom plate of the bucket part.

5. The adaptive single-row Chinese cabbage root cutting actuator according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The upper part of the side plate of the collecting frame has an upper end extension portion exceeding the rear baffle of the collecting frame, and the connecting groove is a U-shaped groove opened on the upper end extension portion; The U-shaped groove is used to connect an external power machine. A transverse axis is connected to the piston rod of the support cylinder of the external power machine. The transverse axis can be inserted into the U-shaped groove. The height of the entire actuator can be adjusted by extending and retracting the support cylinder to adapt to different terrains.

6. The working method of the adaptive single-row Chinese cabbage root cutting actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The cabbage on the ridge enters through the cutting notch of the bucket, and the cabbage with cut roots moves upward and backward into the transport device in turn, and the cabbage roots fall into the cabbage root collection frame; Through the angle compensation mechanism, the bucket part and the vegetable root collecting frame as a whole can realize a small range of left and right swing, so as to harvest cabbages with different horizontal positions between plants; By extending and retracting the supporting cylinder on the power machinery, the height of the entire actuator can be adjusted to adapt to different terrains.

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