Method for inducing flower of litchi out of season

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for inducing flowering of litchi in reverse seasons, and a specific technical scheme is as follows: a method for inducing flowering of male sterile litchi in reverse seasons, taking pollen-free male sterile litchi MS1 grafted potted seedlings as materials, selecting mature plants with last season's shoots in August and September with higher temperature, wiping off all sprouting terminal buds and lateral buds, moving into an artificial climate chamber, using several gradient low-temperature treatments for a certain time and girdling the main stem, and then moving out of the chamber, so that the litchi can flower in the high-temperature season without flowers under natural conditions. The present application develops a method for inducing flowering of litchi in reverse seasons with low energy consumption and short time length.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for inducing male sterile litchi to flower in off-season. BACKGROUND

[0002] Litchi needs a certain amount of low temperature to induce flowering. Previously, many scholars have carried out experiments on flower induction under controlled temperature, and successfully induced litchi to flower, but the treatment time is mostly in the cool autumn and winter season, and the test varieties are mostly varieties with high cold requirement, such as 'Guiwei', 'Nui Miz', 'Huizhi' and the like. The greenhouse treatment time is generally as long as 8 weeks or more, the cost is high, and the commercial application value is low.

[0003] Litchi male sterile line MS1 requires low cold amount for flowering, and the fertility is stable to temperature. In hybrid breeding, MS1 is used as the female parent, and the male and female parents are induced to flower in off-season, which can avoid pollen contamination in the normal flowering season, and at the same time, the work peak period is staggered to strive for the growth time of offspring seedlings, which has great potential value. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for inducing male sterile litchi to flower in off-season, which solves the problems raised in the background art and facilitates popularization.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A method for inducing litchi to flower in off-season, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: using 2-year-old litchi male sterile line MS1 potted plant with completely matured last season leaves as material, and wiping off all the sprouting terminal buds and lateral buds of the plant;

[0008] S2: moving all the plants into an artificial climate chamber, and controlling temperature, humidity and light according to the following parameters:

[0009] a. 24℃ constant temperature treatment for 24 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX;

[0010] b. 20℃ constant temperature treatment for 24 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX;

[0011] c. 16℃ constant temperature treatment for 192 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX;

[0012] d. 24℃ constant temperature treatment for 384 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX;

[0013] S3: 5-7 days before the plants are moved out of the artificial climate chamber, spiral non-closed ring peeling is performed on the main stem of all plants, with a length of about 1 turn and a width of about 1 mm, and after the induction is completed, all treated plants are moved out of the artificial climate chamber.

[0014] Further, the grafting propagation process of the litchi male sterile line MS1 is as follows: about 2-year-old 'Huizhi' litchi seedlings are used as rootstocks, and litchi male sterile line MS1 is used as scions, the grafting method is cutting grafting, and the stock and scion are compatible after grafting.

[0015] Further, after the flower spikes in S3 are pulled out, the small leaves on the flower spikes are timely removed, and the fertilizer and water management is strengthened to cultivate strong flower spikes.

[0016] As an improvement, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0017] The present application provides a method for inducing litchi flowering out of season, which uses litchi MS1 pot seedlings with stable temperature-dependent fertility as materials, controls the temperature, humidity and light through artificial control, and controls the growth of new shoots through ring peeling measures, to induce flowering in high-temperature flowerless seasons, thereby gaining time for artificial hybridization breeding, eliminating pollen contamination that may occur during normal season breeding, improving breeding efficiency, and providing a technical solution with lower energy consumption and shorter time for inducing litchi flowering out of season. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Fig. 3 is a photo of the main stem of the male sterile litchi MS1 ringed on September 6, 2023;

[0019] Figure 2 Fig. 4 is a photo of the flower spikes of the male sterile litchi MS1 grown on September 17, 2023;

[0020] Figure 3 Fig. 5 is a photo of the male sterile litchi MS1 plants induced to flower out of season (left one and left two) and the male sterile litchi MS1 plants not induced (right one and right two) on September 20, 2023;

[0021] Figure 4 Fig. 6 is a photo of the male sterile litchi MS1 flower spikes opened on September 30, 2023;

[0022] Figure 5 Fig. 7 is a photo of the male sterile litchi MS1 plants induced to flower out of season (front, pot plants) and the 'Feixiaoxiao' litchi plants not induced to flower (back, field plants) on September 30, 2023; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the content of the present application easier to be clearly understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] On August 17, 2023, three 2-year-old potted plants of the litchi male sterile line MS1 with completely matured last season's leaf blades were selected as the materials. The litchi male sterile line MS1 is a pollenless male sterile material with low cold requirement for flowering, and the sterility trait is complete and stable in Zhanjiang, Guangdong.

[0026] Further, all the sprouting apical buds and lateral buds of the plants were removed.

[0027] Further, all the plants were moved into an artificial climate chamber and treated according to the following parameters for temperature control, humidity control and light control: 1. 24℃ constant temperature treatment for 24 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time both 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62 KLUX; 2. 20℃ constant temperature treatment for 24 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time both 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62 KLUX; 3. 16℃ constant temperature treatment for 192 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time both 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62 KLUX; 4. 24℃ constant temperature treatment for 384 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time both 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62 KLUX.

[0028] Further, on September 6, 2023, i.e. 5 days before the induction was completed, the main stems of all the plants were treated with spiral non-closed ring peeling with a length of about 1 turn and a width of about 1 mm, as shown in Figure 1 On September 11, 2023, the induction was completed, and all the treated plants were moved out of the artificial climate chamber.

[0029] After the induction, on September 17, 2023, it could be seen that the treated potted plants grew flower spikes from the lateral buds, as shown in Figure 2 After the heading, 1 time of compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 15:15:15 was applied, and water was poured once a week before flowering. On September 30, 2023, the treated potted plants flowered, as shown in Figure 4 .

[0030] Comparative Example 1

[0031] The potted plants of the litchi male sterile line MS1 without induction in the artificial climate chamber did not flower, as shown in Figure 3 (1st and 2nd from right).

[0032] Comparative Example 2

[0033] The field plants of the litchi cultivar 'Feixiaosha' without induction in the artificial climate chamber did not flower, as shown in Figure 5shown.

[0034] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for inducing flowering of Litchi out of season, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: S1: Take the 2-year-old last terminal leaf of the male sterile line MS1 potted plant as the material, and wipe off all the emerging top buds and side buds of the plant; S2: Move all the plants into the artificial climate chamber and control the temperature, humidity and light according to the following parameters: a. 24℃ constant temperature treatment for 24 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX; b. 20℃ constant temperature treatment for 24 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX; c. 16℃ constant temperature treatment for 192 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX; d. 24℃ constant temperature treatment for 384 hours, humidity 70%, light and dark time 12 hours / 24 hours, light intensity 62KLUX; S3: 5-7 days before moving the plants out of the artificial climate chamber, spiral non-closed ring stripping is performed on the main stem of all plants, with a length of 1 turn and a width of 1 mm, and after the induction is completed, all the treated plants are moved out of the artificial climate chamber.

2. The method for inducing flowering of lychee in off-season according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the inflorescence is pulled out, the small leaves on the inflorescence are timely wiped off, and the fertilizer and water management is strengthened to cultivate strong inflorescence.

Images