A water-fire coordinated optimization method and system considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water and fire coordination optimization method and system considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission, the method includes: obtaining boundary data, determining calculation period, generating corresponding calculation scene;Build water and fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission;Carry out boundary data check;Solve water and fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission;Security check to calculate scene and optimization model result data as boundary, calculate equipment power flow;If there is no new device out of limit, then calculation is successful;If there is, then add new out-of-limit device to water and fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission, re-solve, until water and fire power generation plan that meets power grid safety is obtained;If calculation is successful, then output result information.The application realizes the strong coupling modeling of coal, thermal power, reservoir and hydropower, considers the carbon emission constraint limit of conventional power supply, and improves the fine scheduling level of conventional power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to power system dispatch automation technology, specifically to a water-thermal coordinated optimization method and system that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. Background Technology

[0002] Hydropower and thermal power, as conventional power sources in safety-constrained unit combination and economic dispatch algorithms, typically use the generation and start-up costs of hydropower and thermal power as optimization objectives, comprehensively considering constraints such as maximum and minimum technical output, ramp-up and ramp-down rates, minimum start-up and shutdown times, and maximum number of start-up and shutdown cycles. Current technologies do not link coal inventory, coal prices, carbon emissions, and the active power of thermal power units. Therefore, in power generation planning, it is impossible to optimize unit generation costs through coal prices, understand the impact of coal inventory on unit start-up and shutdown, or grasp the influence of carbon emission constraints on coal type selection. Similar to thermal power, current technologies do not consider the impact of reservoir capacity, water level, and water flow stagnation time on the output of hydropower units in practical applications. Furthermore, hydropower and thermal power unit output plans are prepared independently as boundary conditions for each other, resulting in low execution levels of unit output plans, increased system operating costs, increased AGC (Automatic Generation Control) pressure, and increased grid operation risks.

[0003] With the rapid advancement of the construction of a new power system with "dual carbon" as the ultimate goal, there is an urgent need to conduct refined modeling of hydropower and thermal power, to clearly establish the correlation between coal prices, coal inventory, carbon emissions and thermal power units, and to model reservoir capacity, water level, and cascade hydropower flow lag time in a strongly coupled manner with hydropower, so as to improve the refined scheduling level of conventional power sources, deeply explore the system adjustment potential, reduce carbon emissions, reduce system operating costs, and improve the execution rate of conventional power output plans and the safe operation level of the power grid. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The present invention provides a water-thermal coordinated optimization method and system that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. It realizes strong coupling modeling of coal and thermal power, and reservoir and hydropower, takes into account the carbon emission constraints of conventional power sources, and improves the level of refined scheduling of conventional power sources.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a water-fire coordinated optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, comprising:

[0006] Obtain boundary data for water-fire coordination optimization, determine the calculation cycle for water-fire coordination optimization considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and generate corresponding calculation scenarios;

[0007] Construct a coordinated optimization model for hydropower and thermal power generation with the goal of minimizing the cost of hydropower and thermal power generation, and comprehensively consider the coupling of primary and secondary energy sources and carbon emissions.

[0008] Boundary data verification was conducted to ensure that the feasible domain of the water-fire coordination optimization model, which takes into account primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, is not empty;

[0009] Call the optimization solver to solve the water-fire coordination optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions;

[0010] The optimization solver is used to solve the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. The safety check is based on the calculation scenario and the optimization model results data as the boundary, and the PQ decoupling method is used to calculate the equipment power flow. If no new equipment exceeds the limit, the calculation is successful. If a new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model, and the optimization solver is called again to solve the problem until a hydro-thermal power generation plan that meets the grid safety is obtained.

[0011] If the calculation is successful, the output of the hydropower unit, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level will be provided.

[0012] Furthermore, the boundary data includes provincial power grid system operation data, unit operation data, tie line planning data, load forecasting data, unit group constraint data, and power grid security constraint data.

[0013] Furthermore, the water-fire coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions includes:

[0014] The optimization objective is to minimize the costs of thermal power units, start-up costs, and hydropower units, with strict constraints on carbon emission targets. The specific expression is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, F is the optimization objective; f i,t The unit power generation cost of thermal power unit i at time t; s i,t f is the start-up cost of thermal power unit i at time t; w,t S represents the unit's power generation cost at time t for the hydropower unit w; i For a collection of thermal power units; S w This is a collection of hydroelectric power units.

[0017] Furthermore, when constructing the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, it is necessary to set model constraints, including system operation constraints, unit operation constraints, and grid security constraints.

[0018] Furthermore, the model constraints include:

[0019] Thermal power unit output constraints:

[0020] The output of thermal power units is expressed as follows:

[0021]

[0022] 0≤δ i,l,t ≤P i,l -P i,l-1

[0023] In the formula, the thermal power unit has a segmented heat rate curve, with a total of L segments; δ i,l,t p represents the active power of the l-th power output segment; i,t p is the unit output of unit i at time t; i,min Minimum technical output for unit i; u i,t P represents the operating state of unit i at time t; i,l The power at the endpoints of the segmented heat rate curve for thermal power plants is given by point P. i,0 =P i,min ;

[0024] Calculation of heat consumption of thermal power units:

[0025] The formula for calculating the heat consumption of thermal power units is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, h i,b h is the base heat rate of unit i; i,l The slight increase in heat rate in the l-th segment of the heat rate curve; c i,t The heat consumption of unit i at time t;

[0028] Fuel consumption of thermal power units:

[0029] The heat consumption of unit i during period t is c i,t Different fuels are used to provide heat, and the consumption of each fuel is as follows:

[0030] q i,f,t =c i,t / h f

[0031] In the formula, q i,f,t This indicates the fuel consumption f of unit i at time t; h f The heat rate of fuel f;

[0032] Furthermore, by introducing a 0 / 1 state variable to represent whether unit i uses fuel f at time t, the relationship between unit fuel consumption and fuel usage status is expressed as follows:

[0033] q i,f,t ≤e i,f,t c i,max / h f

[0034] q i,f,t ≥e i,f,t ci,min / h f

[0035] In the formula, e i,f,t e represents the fuel usage status of unit i at time t. i,f,t =1 indicates that unit i uses fuel f at time t, e i,f,t =0 indicates that unit i does not use fuel f when r; the two constraints make q i,f,t and e i,f,t Both are non-zero or both are zero; c i,min The minimum technical output heat consumption of unit i; c i,max The heat consumption at the maximum technical output point of unit i;

[0036] Since a single generating unit can only use one type of fuel at any given time, a unique constraint on the unit's fuel usage status is introduced:

[0037]

[0038] Operating cost calculation:

[0039] Since the same unit uses the same fuel at any given time, the formula for calculating the unit's power generation cost is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, f i,t p represents the power generation cost of unit i at time t; f,t Let f be the price of fuel at time t; the calculation method for unit start-up cost is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0042] Carbon emissions and fuel consumption constraints:

[0043] Since the same unit uses the same fuel at any given time, the unit's carbon emission constraints are:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, r is the carbon emissions of unit i at time t; f,t Let f be the emission coefficient of fuel at time t; The maximum carbon emissions of unit i at time t; This represents the maximum fuel consumption within the fuel scheduling cycle f.

[0046] Calculation of inflow to hydropower stations: The inflow to downstream cascade hydropower stations includes the outflow from upstream hydropower stations and the natural inflow, as shown in the following expression:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, τ k,jThe water flow delay between hydropower plant k and upstream hydropower plant j; Let K be the set of upstream hydropower plants of hydropower plant k. Δt represents the inflow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t; Δt represents the length of the time period. For hydropower plant k upstream of hydropower plant j, the time period t-τ k,j Outbound flow; This represents the natural inflow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k-th time).

[0049] Calculation of outflow from hydropower station:

[0050] The outflow from a hydropower station includes the power generation flow and the water discharge, expressed as follows:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, s k,t This represents the amount of water discharged by the hydropower plant during time period t (k). Let be the power generation flow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k). This represents the outflow from the hydropower plant during time period t (k).

[0053] Calculation of water storage capacity of hydropower station:

[0054] The current water storage is equal to the water storage at the previous moment plus the inflow during the current period, minus the outflow during the current period. The specific expression is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, v k,t v k,t-1 These represent the water storage capacity of hydropower plant k at time periods t and t-1, respectively. Let be the inflow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k).

[0057] Relationship between water storage capacity and water level in hydropower stations:

[0058] The relationship between water level and storage capacity at a hydropower plant is generally nonlinear. However, for hydropower plants with smaller reservoirs, it can be approximated as a first-order linear relationship, i.e.:

[0059] v k,t =η k (h k,t - h k )+ V k

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, h k These represent the upper and lower limits of the water level at hydropower plant k, respectively; h k,t The water level at hydropower plant k during time period t; V k Let η represent the water storage capacity of hydropower plant k at the upper and lower limits of the water level, respectively; η is typically used in calculations. k Set as a constant, representing the conversion coefficient between the reservoir capacity (k) and water level of the hydropower plant;

[0062] Hydropower station water level constraints:

[0063] To ensure the safe operation of the reservoir, the water level should fluctuate within certain limits, as shown in the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, h k These represent the upper and lower limits of the water level at hydropower plant k, respectively. These represent the upper and lower limits of water level relaxation at hydropower plant k, respectively.

[0066] Output constraints in the vibration zone of hydropower units:

[0067] Due to the inherent characteristics of hydropower units, their operational output range is divided into multiple discrete output ranges; the upper limit of the power output of hydropower unit h is P. h,max The lower limit is P h,min After deducting the vibration zone between the upper and lower power limits of the hydropower unit, the number of feasible power operating ranges for hydropower unit h is S. h The upper and lower limits of the feasible power operating range are:

[0068] The upper and lower limits of hydropower unit power are then constrained as follows:

[0069] u h,t P h,min ≤P h,t ≤u h,t P h,max

[0070] In the formula, P h,t This represents the power output of the hydroelectric generator unit during time period t (h); u h,t U represents the operating state of the hydropower unit during time period t (h), a 0-1 decision variable. h,t =1 indicates running, u h,t =0 indicates that the service is out of service;

[0071] Introducing 0 / 1 state variable e h,s,t Used to indicate whether the hydropower unit h is within the feasible power operating range s during time period t:

[0072]

[0073] The power output of the hydroelectric generator unit is:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, δ h,s,t The power output of the hydropower unit during the time period h t within the feasible power operating range s; These represent the maximum and minimum power of the hydropower unit during the operating range s of the h-th generation unit, respectively.

[0076] Calculation of hydropower generation flow rate:

[0077] The hydroelectric power generation flow rate is:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, q h,t This represents the power generation flow rate of the hydropower unit during time period t (h). Let h be the power generation flow of hydropower unit h at the left end of the feasible zone in time period t; b h,s,t The water consumption rate of the hydropower unit h during the time period t within the feasible power operating range s is given. In actual operation, the water consumption rate should be calculated based on the non-decreasing continuous power consumption segment.

[0080] Hydropower station power generation flow calculation:

[0081] The power generation flow of hydropower station k can be further expressed as the cumulative power generation flow of the hydropower units within the power plant, as shown in the following expression:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, q k,t This represents the power generation flow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k).

[0084] Relationship between hydropower station and generating unit output:

[0085] The power output of hydropower station k can be further expressed as the sum of the outputs of the hydropower units within the power plant, as shown in the following expression:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, p h,t p represents the power output of the hydroelectric generator during time period t (h). k,t This represents the power output of the hydropower plant during time period t (k-th time).

[0088] Constraints on the number of times hydropower units can be started:

[0089] Maximum number of start-ups of hydropower units:

[0090] y h,t -z h,t =u h,t -u h,t-1

[0091] yh,t +z h,t ≤1

[0092]

[0093] In the formula, y h,t The state of the hydropower unit during the time period h is represented by a 0-1 variable (z). h,t The variable u represents the shutdown status of the hydropower unit during the time period h t as a 0-1 variable; h,t u h,t-1 These represent the operating states of hydropower unit h at time periods t and t-1, respectively; U h,max This indicates the maximum number of times the hydropower unit h can be started.

[0094] Minimum number of generating units required for a hydropower plant to operate:

[0095]

[0096] In the formula, y h,t μ represents the start-up state of the hydropower unit during time period t (h), and is a 0-1 variable; k S represents the minimum number of generating units that can be operated at a hydroelectric power station. k Represents the set of hydroelectric generating units in hydroelectric power plant k;

[0097] Constraints for hydropower units crossing the vibration zone:

[0098] The feasible power range for hydropower units is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, s h,t e represents the active power operating range of the hydropower unit during time period t. h,s,t This is used to indicate whether the hydropower unit h is within the feasible power operating range s during time period t; if Δ is used... h,t To indicate whether the hydropower unit h crosses the feasible power range during time period t, we have:

[0101] Δ h,t ≤|s h,t -s h,t-1 |

[0102] S h Δ h,t ≥|s h,t -s h,t-1 |

[0103] In the formula, s h,t-1 The active power operating range of the hydropower unit during the time period h is t-1; Δ h,t For 0-1 decision variables, if Δ h,t =1, which means that the active power operating range of the hydropower unit during time period h t is different from that at time t-1; if Δh,t =0, which means that the active power operating range of the hydropower unit during time period h is the same as that at time t-1; S h This is a constant greater than the maximum output h of the hydropower unit, used to assist in solving Δ. h,t ;

[0104] Since the absolute value is a non-linear expression, it needs to be linearized:

[0105]

[0106] Maximum number of crossings of feasible power range by hydropower unit:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, For auxiliary decision variables with absolute values ​​removed; Δ h,max This indicates the maximum number of vibration zones that the hydroelectric generator unit can traverse (h).

[0109] Flow constraints of hydropower units and power plant reservoirs:

[0110] Due to limitations in the unit's current-carrying capacity and the gate opening, the unit's power generation flow and the reservoir's outflow should vary within a certain range:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, Q h,t and q represents the upper and lower limits of the power generation flow rate of the hydropower unit during the time period t, respectively; h,t The power generation flow rate of the hydropower unit during the time period t is h; s h,t The amount of water discharged by the hydropower unit during time period t is h. QS represents the outflow from the hydropower plant during time period t. max,k QS min,k These represent the maximum and minimum outflow rates of hydropower plant k, respectively.

[0113] Initial and final water level deviation constraints:

[0114] The initial and final water level deviation constraints are as follows:

[0115]

[0116] In the formula, These represent the positive and negative deviations of the initial and final water levels at hydropower plant k, respectively. h represents the initial water level at hydropower plant k. k,t Let t represent the water level at the hydropower plant during time period k, where t is the last segment.

[0117] Power flow constraints of transmission equipment:

[0118] The cross-sectional power flow constraints in the first iteration of the optimization model solution and safety verification can be described as follows:

[0119]

[0120] The cross-sectional power flow constraints for the second and subsequent iterations of optimization model solution and safety verification can be described as follows:

[0121]

[0122] In the formula, FP s,t P represents the power flow of section s during time period t; N represents the number of generating units; P i,t Let be the active power of unit i during time period t; D represents the active power of the unit in the previous cycle during time period t. k,t Let be the bus load value of node k during time period t; These represent the forward and reverse power transmission limits at section s, respectively; G s-i G is the generator output power transfer distribution factor from node i to section s; s-k G is the power transfer distribution factor of node k to section s; s-j The output power transfer distribution factor of the node where tie line j is located to line s; These are the positive and negative tidal relaxation variables for cross section s during time period t, respectively; This is the exchange flow of the previous round of safety correction results for section s during time period t.

[0123] Furthermore, the boundary data verification includes integrity verification, rationality verification, and correlation verification; wherein, integrity verification is used to verify the completeness of data, rationality verification is used to verify the rationality of data, and correlation verification is used to verify whether there are conflicts between constraints.

[0124] Furthermore, the model solving and safety verification iterative calculations are used to eliminate equipment / section overruns within the power grid. The specific iterative method is as follows:

[0125] The hydro-thermal coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions adopts DC power flow calculation method to adjust the unit operating status and unit output to eliminate cross-sectional limits.

[0126] The safety verification adopts the AC power flow calculation method to analyze the grid over-limit situation and sends the newly added over-limit equipment and over-limit time period to the optimization model;

[0127] The water-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions is solved and the safety verification is carried out iterative calculations until no equipment in the power grid exceeds the limit or the maximum number of iterations is reached.

[0128] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a water-fire coordinated optimization system considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, comprising:

[0129] The computational scenario generation module is used to acquire boundary data for water-fire coordination optimization, determine the computation cycle for water-fire coordination optimization considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and generate corresponding computational scenarios.

[0130] The optimization model building module is used to construct a coordinated optimization model for hydropower and thermal power generation with the goal of minimizing the cost of hydropower and thermal power generation, and comprehensively considering the coupling of primary and secondary energy sources and carbon emissions.

[0131] The data verification module is used to perform boundary data verification to ensure that the feasible domain of the water-fire coordination optimization model that takes into account primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions is not empty.

[0132] The optimization solver calling module is used to call the optimization solver to solve the water-fire coordination optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions.

[0133] The model solving and safety verification calculation module is used to solve the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions using an optimization solver. The safety verification uses the calculation scenario and optimization model result data as boundaries and adopts the PQ decoupling method to calculate the equipment power flow. If no new equipment exceeds the limit, the calculation is successful; if a new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and the optimization solver is called again to solve the problem until a hydro-thermal power generation plan that meets the grid security is obtained.

[0134] The process settlement module is used to output information such as the output of hydropower units, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level if the calculation is successful.

[0135] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a water-fire coordination optimization device that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions stored in the memory. When the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device implements the steps of the water-fire coordination optimization method that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions as described above.

[0136] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for coordinating and optimizing water and fire energy considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions.

[0137] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the significant technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0138] A primary and secondary energy coupling model for thermal power units was established, which deeply correlates coal prices, coal inventory, carbon emissions and the production plan of thermal power units. By optimizing the unit's power generation cost through coal prices, influencing the unit's start-up and shutdown through coal inventory, and affecting the selection of coal type through carbon emission constraints, the level of refined scheduling of thermal power units is improved, thereby achieving energy conservation and emission reduction of thermal power units.

[0139] A primary and secondary energy coupling model for hydropower units was established, which strongly couples reservoir capacity, reservoir water level, and water flow lag time with the power output plan of hydropower units. The independent planning of hydropower and thermal power was transformed into joint optimization of hydropower and thermal power, which improved the optimization configuration level of conventional power sources and the execution rate of unit power output plans, and reduced the AGC regulation pressure.

[0140] An optimization strategy supporting flexible use of mainstream domestic and international optimization solvers has been established. It not only supports foreign solvers such as CPLEX and GRUROBI, but also the domestic solver COPT, thus solving the technical risk of the "bottleneck" of the underlying optimization solver for safety-constrained unit combinations. Attached Figure Description

[0141] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a water-fire coordinated optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0142] Figure 2 This is a thermal power unit heat rate curve diagram disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0143] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a water-fire coordinated optimization system that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0144] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a water-fire coordinated optimization device that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0145] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the objectives and advantages achievable with the present invention are not limited to those specifically described above, and that the above and other objectives achievable by the present invention will become clearer from the following detailed description.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary components, systems, and methods described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. Whether implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application, design, and conditions of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0147] In this invention, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0148] Example 1

[0149] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a water-fire coordinated optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The described water-thermal coordinated optimization method, which considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, is applicable to power systems, such as for automatic power system dispatching. This invention does not limit its application to specific applications. Figure 1 As shown, the water-fire coordinated optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions can include the following operations:

[0150] S1. Calculation Scenario Generation: Obtain boundary data for water-fire coordination optimization, determine the calculation cycle for water-fire coordination optimization considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and generate the corresponding calculation scenario.

[0151] The boundary data includes provincial power grid system operation data, unit operation data, tie-line planning data, load forecasting data, unit group constraint data, and power grid security constraint data. The calculation period is not limited to 96 time periods before the day, 16 time periods within the day, or 12 time periods in real time.

[0152] In this embodiment, system data includes time period information, system load, and system reserve requirements; unit data includes basic unit information, unit calculation parameters, unit calorific value curve, coal type, coal price, coal calorific value, carbon emission rate, coal inventory, hydropower unit vibration zone, head and water consumption rate curve, water flow lag time, reservoir water level, reservoir capacity, unit initial state, unit power constraints, and unit ramp rate; tie line planning data includes basic tie line information and tie line planned power; load forecasting data includes bus load forecasting; unit group constraint data includes unit group power limits and unit group energy limits; grid security constraint data includes the power transfer distribution factor of unit and load injected power on line and cross-sectional power flow.

[0153] S2. Optimization Model Construction: Construct a hydro-thermal power generation coordination optimization model with the goal of minimizing the cost of hydro-thermal power generation, and comprehensively considering the coupling of primary and secondary energy sources and carbon emissions.

[0154] In this embodiment, the water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions includes:

[0155] The optimization objective is to minimize the cost of thermal power units (oil-fired, coal-fired, and gas-fired), start-up costs, and hydropower unit costs, with strict constraints on carbon emission targets. The specific expression is as follows:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, F is the optimization objective; f i,t The unit power generation cost of thermal power unit i at time t; s i,t f is the start-up cost of thermal power unit i at time t; w,t S represents the unit's power generation cost at time t for the hydropower unit w; i For a collection of thermal power units; S w This is a collection of hydroelectric power units.

[0158] The cost of a thermal power unit consists of two parts: operating cost and start-up cost. The calculation methods for these two costs are briefly introduced below. Each thermal power unit corresponds to a heat rate curve, which describes the relationship between the unit's active power and heat consumption (see...). Figure 2 When the unit's output is at a certain power point, the heat consumed at that power point is calculated based on the calorific value curve. Then, based on the type and calorific value of the fuel used at that time, the fuel consumption is calculated. Finally, the fuel cost is calculated based on the fuel price at that time. In addition, pollutant emissions can be calculated based on the fuel pollutant emission coefficient. When the unit starts up, it consumes a certain amount of heat. Based on the heat consumption during unit startup, the type and calorific value of the fuel used, the fuel consumption during startup is calculated, and the fuel cost, i.e., the startup cost, is calculated based on the fuel price at that time.

[0159] When constructing the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, it is necessary to set model constraints, including system operation constraints, unit operation constraints, and grid security constraints. Constraints such as maximum and minimum technical output, ramp-up and ramp-down, minimum start-up and shutdown time, fixed active power, and fixed operating states for conventional hydropower and thermal power will not be elaborated upon further; only constraints reflecting the characteristics of this invention will be detailed.

[0160] The model constraints include:

[0161] 1) Output constraints of thermal power units:

[0162] The output of a thermal power unit can be expressed as:

[0163]

[0164] 0≤δ i,l,t ≤P i,l -Pi,l-1

[0165] In the formula, the thermal power unit has a segmented heat rate curve, with a total of L segments; δ i,l,t Let p be the active power of the l-th power output interval, and p be the decision variable. i,t p is the unit output of unit i at time t; i,min Minimum technical output for unit i; u i,t Let u represent the operating state of unit i at time t. i,t =1 indicates power-on, u i,t =0 indicates shutdown; P i,l The power at the endpoints of the segmented heat rate curve for thermal power plants is given by point P. i,0 =P i,min .

[0166] 2) Calculation of heat consumption of thermal power units:

[0167] The formula for calculating the heat consumption of thermal power units is:

[0168]

[0169] In the formula, h i,b h is the base heat rate of unit i, i.e., the heat consumption at the minimum technical output point of the unit; i,l The slight increase in heat rate in the l-th segment of the heat rate curve represents the heat consumption per unit output of the unit; c i,t Let be the heat consumption of unit i at time t.

[0170] 3) Fuel consumption of thermal power units:

[0171] The heat consumption of unit i during period t is c i,t Different fuels are used to provide heat, and the consumption of each fuel is as follows:

[0172] q i,f,t =c i,t / h f

[0173] In the formula, q i,f,t This indicates the fuel consumption f of unit i at time t; h f Let f be the heat rate of fuel.

[0174] Furthermore, by introducing a 0 / 1 state variable to represent whether unit i uses fuel f at time t, the relationship between unit fuel consumption and fuel usage status is expressed as follows:

[0175] q i,f,t ≤e i,f,t c i,max / h f

[0176] q i,f,t ≥ei,f,t c i,min / h f

[0177] In the formula, e i,f,t e represents the fuel usage status of unit i at time t. i,f,t =1 indicates that unit i uses fuel f at time t, e i,f,t =0 indicates that unit i does not use fuel f at time t; the two constraints make q i,f,t and e i,f,t Both are non-zero or both are zero; c i,min The minimum technical output heat consumption of unit i; c i,max The heat consumption at the maximum technical output point of unit i.

[0178] Since a single generating unit can only use one type of fuel at any given time, a unique constraint on the unit's fuel usage status is introduced:

[0179]

[0180] 4) Operating cost calculation:

[0181] Since the same unit uses the same fuel at any given time, the formula for calculating the unit's power generation cost is as follows:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula, f i,t p represents the power generation cost of unit i at time t; f,t Let f be the price of fuel at time t. The calculation method for unit start-up costs is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0184] 5) Carbon emission and fuel consumption constraints:

[0185] Since the same unit uses the same fuel at any given time, the unit's carbon emission constraints are:

[0186]

[0187] In the formula, r is the carbon emissions of unit i at time t; f,t Let f be the emission coefficient of fuel at time t; The maximum carbon emissions of unit i at time t; This represents the maximum fuel consumption within the fuel scheduling cycle f.

[0188] 6) Calculation of inflow to hydropower stations: The inflow to downstream cascade hydropower stations includes the outflow from upstream hydropower stations and the natural inflow. The specific expression is as follows:

[0189]

[0190] In the formula, τ k,j The water flow delay between hydropower plant k and upstream hydropower plant j; Let K be the set of upstream hydropower plants. Δt represents the inflow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t; Δt represents the length of the time period. For hydropower plant k upstream of hydropower plant j, the time period t-τ k,j Outbound flow; This represents the natural inflow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k-th time).

[0191] 7) Calculation of outflow from hydropower station:

[0192] The outflow from a hydropower station includes the power generation flow and the water discharge, expressed as follows:

[0193]

[0194] In the formula, s k,t This represents the amount of water discharged by the hydropower plant during time period t (k). Let be the power generation flow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k). This represents the outflow from the hydropower plant during time period t (k).

[0195] 8) Calculation of water storage capacity of hydropower stations:

[0196] The current water storage is equal to the water storage at the previous moment plus the inflow during the current period, minus the outflow during the current period. The specific expression is as follows:

[0197]

[0198] In the formula, v k,t v k,t-1 These represent the water storage capacity of hydropower plant k at time periods t and t-1, respectively. The inflow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k);

[0199] 9) Relationship between water storage capacity and water level in hydropower stations:

[0200] The relationship between water level and storage capacity at a hydropower plant is generally nonlinear. However, for hydropower plants with smaller reservoirs, it can be approximated as a first-order linear relationship, i.e.:

[0201] v k,t =η k (h k,t - h k )+ V k

[0202]

[0203] In the formula, h k These represent the upper and lower limits of the water level at hydropower plant k, respectively; h k,t The water level at hydropower plant k during time period t; V k Let η represent the water storage capacity of hydropower plant k at the upper and lower limits of the water level, respectively; η is typically used in calculations. k It can be set as a constant, representing the conversion coefficient between the reservoir capacity (k) and water level of the hydropower plant;

[0204] 10) Hydropower station water level constraints:

[0205] To ensure the safe operation of the reservoir, the water level should fluctuate within certain limits, as shown in the following formula:

[0206]

[0207] In the formula, h k These represent the upper and lower limits of the water level at hydropower plant k, respectively. These represent the upper and lower limits of water level relaxation for hydropower plant k, respectively.

[0208] 11) Output constraints in the vibration zone of hydropower units:

[0209] Due to the inherent characteristics of hydropower units, their operational output range is divided into multiple discrete output ranges. The upper limit of the power output of hydropower unit h is P. h,max The lower limit is P h,min After deducting the vibration zone between the upper and lower power limits of the hydropower unit, the number of feasible power operating ranges for hydropower unit h is S. h The upper and lower limits of the feasible power operating range are:

[0210] The upper and lower limits of hydropower unit power are then constrained as follows:

[0211] u h,t P h,min ≤P h,t ≤u h,t P h,max

[0212] In the formula, P h,t This represents the power output of the hydroelectric generator unit during time period t (h); u h,t U represents the operating state of the hydropower unit during time period t (h), a 0-1 decision variable. h,t =1 indicates running, u h,t =0 indicates that the service is out of service.

[0213] Introducing 0 / 1 state variable e h,s,t Used to indicate whether the hydropower unit h is within the feasible power operating range s during time period t:

[0214]

[0215] The power of the hydroelectric generator unit is:

[0216]

[0217] In the formula, δ h,,s,t The power output of the hydropower unit during the time period h t within the feasible power operating range s; These represent the maximum and minimum power of the hydropower unit during the operating range s of the h-th generation.

[0218] 12) Calculation of hydropower generation flow rate:

[0219] The hydroelectric power generation flow rate is:

[0220]

[0221] In the formula, q h,t This represents the power generation flow rate of the hydropower unit during time period t (h). Let h be the power generation flow of hydropower unit h at the left end of the feasible zone in time period t; b h,s,t Let h be the water consumption rate of the hydropower unit during the time period t within the feasible power operating range s. In actual operation, the water consumption rate should be calculated based on the continuous power consumption segment without decreasing.

[0222] 13) Calculation of hydropower generation flow:

[0223] The power generation flow of hydropower station k can be further expressed as the cumulative power generation flow of the hydropower units within the power plant, as shown in the following expression:

[0224]

[0225] In the formula, q k,t This represents the power generation flow rate of the hydropower plant during time period t (k).

[0226] 14) Relationship between hydropower station and generating unit output:

[0227] The power output of hydropower station k can be further expressed as the sum of the outputs of the hydropower units within the power plant, as shown in the following expression:

[0228]

[0229] In the formula, p h,t p represents the power output of the hydroelectric generator during time period t (h). k,t This represents the power output of the hydropower plant during time period t (k).

[0230] 15) Constraints on the number of times hydropower units can be started:

[0231] Maximum number of start-ups of hydropower units:

[0232] y h,t -z h,t =uh,t -u h,t-1

[0233] y h,t +z h,t ≤1

[0234]

[0235] In the formula, y h,t The state of the hydropower unit during the time period h is represented by a 0-1 variable (z). h,t The variable u represents the shutdown status of the hydropower unit during the time period h t as a 0-1 variable; h,t u h,t-1 These represent the operating states of hydropower unit h at time periods t and t-1, respectively; U h,max This indicates the maximum number of times the hydropower unit h can be started.

[0236] 16) Minimum number of generating units required for operation in a hydropower plant:

[0237]

[0238] In the formula, y h,t μ represents the start-up state of the hydropower unit during time period t (h), and is a 0-1 variable; k S represents the minimum number of generating units that can be operated at a hydroelectric power station. k Let k represent the set of hydroelectric generating units in hydroelectric power plant k.

[0239] 17) Constraints on hydropower units crossing the vibration zone:

[0240] The feasible power range for hydropower units is as follows:

[0241]

[0242] In the formula, s h,t e represents the active power operating range of the hydropower unit during time period t. h,s,t This is used to indicate whether the hydropower unit h is within the feasible power operating range s during time period t.

[0243] Note: If the hydropower unit is shut down, it is considered to be in the feasible power range of 0.

[0244] If Δ is used h,t To indicate whether the hydropower unit h crosses the feasible power range during time period t, we have:

[0245] Δ h,t ≤|s h,t -s h,t-1 |

[0246] S h Δ h,t ≥|s h,t -s h,t-1 |

[0247] In the formula, s h,t-1 The active power operating range of the hydropower unit during the time period h is t-1; Δ h,t For 0-1 decision variables, if Δ h,t =1, which means that the active power operating range of the hydropower unit during time period h t is different from that at time t-1; if Δ h,t =0, which means that the active power operating range of the hydropower unit during time period h is the same as that at time t-1; S h This is a constant greater than the maximum output h of the hydropower unit, used to assist in solving Δ. h,t ;

[0248] Since the absolute value is a non-linear expression, it needs to be linearized:

[0249]

[0250] Maximum number of crossings of feasible power range by hydropower unit:

[0251]

[0252] In the formula, For auxiliary decision variables with absolute values ​​removed; Δ h,max This indicates the maximum number of vibration zones that the hydroelectric generator unit can traverse (h).

[0253] 18) Flow constraints of hydropower units and power plant reservoirs:

[0254] Due to limitations in the unit's current-carrying capacity and the gate opening, the unit's power generation flow and the reservoir's outflow should vary within a certain range:

[0255]

[0256] In the formula, Q h,t and q represents the upper and lower limits of the power generation flow rate of the hydropower unit during the time period t, respectively; h,t The power generation flow rate of the hydropower unit during the time period t is h; s h,t The amount of water discharged by the hydropower unit during time period t is h. QS represents the outflow from the hydropower plant during time period t. max,k QS min,k These represent the maximum and minimum outflow rates of hydropower plant k, respectively.

[0257] 19) Initial and final water level deviation constraints:

[0258] The initial and final water level deviation constraints are as follows:

[0259]

[0260] In the formula, These represent the positive and negative deviations of the initial and final water levels at hydropower plant k, respectively. h represents the initial water level at hydropower plant k. k,t Let t represent the water level at the hydropower plant during time period k, where t is the last segment.

[0261] 20) Power flow constraints of transmission equipment:

[0262] The cross-sectional power flow constraints in the first iteration of the optimization model solution and safety verification can be described as follows:

[0263]

[0264] The cross-sectional power flow constraints for the second and subsequent iterations of optimization model solution and safety verification can be described as follows:

[0265]

[0266] In the formula, FP s,t P represents the power flow of section s during time period t; N represents the number of generating units; P i,t Let be the active power of unit i during time period t, and be the decision variable. D represents the active power of the unit in the previous cycle during time period t. k,t Let be the bus load value of node k during time period t; These represent the forward and reverse power transmission limits at section s, respectively; G s-i G is the generator output power transfer distribution factor from node i to section s; s-k G is the power transfer distribution factor of node k to section s; s-j The output power transfer distribution factor of the node where tie line j is located to line s; These are the forward and reverse tidal current relaxation variables for section s, respectively; This is the exchange flow of the previous round of safety correction results for section s during time period t.

[0267] S3. Data Verification: Conduct boundary data verification to ensure that the feasible domain of the water-fire coordinated optimization model is not empty.

[0268] In this embodiment, boundary data verification includes integrity verification, rationality verification, and correlation verification; wherein, integrity verification is used to verify data completeness, rationality verification is used to verify data rationality, and correlation verification is used to verify whether there are conflicts between constraints.

[0269] Integrity verification is responsible for verifying the completeness of data, such as whether the device is complete, whether the time period is complete, and whether the data type of external access is complete.

[0270] The rationality verification is responsible for verifying the rationality of the data, such as whether the load forecast changes between adjacent time periods, whether the renewable energy forecast changes, whether the tie line plan changes, whether the renewable energy forecast power exceeds the rated power, whether the tie line plan exceeds the channel limit, and whether the total deviation between the system load forecast and the bus load forecast exceeds a certain threshold.

[0271] The correlation check is responsible for checking whether there are conflicts between constraints, such as whether there is a conflict between unit maintenance and the minimum number of units in operation of the power plant, whether there is a conflict between fixed output and fixed operating status, whether there is a conflict between the output limit of the unit group and the maintenance of the units within the unit group, whether the active power at the initial point of the unit conflicts with the ramp constraint, and whether the fixed output of the unit exceeds the output range of the unit, etc.

[0272] If the feasible region is empty in this step, proceed to step S6.

[0273] S4. Optimization Solver Call: Calls the optimization solver to solve the water-fire coordination optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions.

[0274] When calling the optimized solver, it supports calling not only foreign solvers such as CPLEX and GUROBI, but also the domestic COPT optimized solver.

[0275] In this step, a flexible call strategy for domestic and foreign optimization solvers was established, and a general modeling technique supporting mainstream domestic and foreign optimization solvers was proposed, enabling flexible use of foreign CPLEX, GUROBI solvers, and domestic COPT solvers for the same optimization model.

[0276] S5. Model Solving and Safety Verification Iterative Calculation: The safety verification uses the calculation scenario and the optimization model result data as boundaries, and adopts the PQ decoupling method to calculate the power flow of the equipment. If no new equipment exceeds the limit, the calculation is successful. If a new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model that considers the coupling of primary and secondary energy and carbon emissions. The optimization solver is called again to solve the problem until a hydro-thermal power generation plan that meets the grid safety is obtained. Then, AGC is issued to track and execute it.

[0277] In this embodiment, the model solving and safety verification iterative calculations are used to eliminate equipment / section over-limit within the power grid. The specific iterative method is as follows:

[0278] The hydro-thermal coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions adopts DC power flow calculation method to adjust the unit operating status and unit output to eliminate cross-sectional limits.

[0279] The safety verification adopts the AC power flow calculation method to analyze the grid over-limit situation and sends the newly added over-limit equipment and over-limit time period to the optimization model;

[0280] The water-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions is solved and the safety verification is carried out iterative calculations until no equipment in the power grid exceeds the limit or the maximum number of iterations is reached.

[0281] If no new equipment exceeds the limit in this step, the calculation is successful and proceeds to step S6. If new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the water-fire coordination optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and proceeds to step S2.

[0282] S6. Process Settlement: If the calculation is successful, output the power output, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level of the hydropower unit.

[0283] If the calculation is successful in this step, information such as the operating status of the hydropower unit, unit output, carbon emissions, and operating costs will be output; if the calculation fails, an alarm will be triggered.

[0284] The technical solution of this invention first obtains boundary data for hydro-thermal coordinated optimization considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, determines the calculation cycle, and generates a calculation scenario. Then, it constructs a hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model with the goal of minimizing the cost of hydro-thermal power generation, comprehensively considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. It calls mainstream optimization solvers at home and abroad and uses algorithms such as branch and bound and tangent plane to solve the optimization model. The safety check uses the calculation scenario and the optimization model result data as boundaries and uses the PQ decoupling method to calculate the power flow of the equipment. If no new equipment exceeds the limit, the calculation is successful, and the results information such as the output of hydro-thermal power units, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level are output. If new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and the mainstream optimization solvers at home and abroad are called again to solve the problem until a hydro-thermal power generation plan that meets the grid safety is obtained, and the AGC is issued for tracking and execution.

[0285] This invention proposes a method that provides technical support for further improving the refined scheduling of conventional power sources, tapping the system's regulation potential, and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. Existing technologies do not deeply correlate coal inventory, coal prices, carbon emissions, and the active power of thermal power units, nor do they establish a strong coupling relationship between reservoir capacity, reservoir water level, water flow lag time, and hydropower unit output. Furthermore, hydropower and thermal power unit output plans are independently formulated as boundary conditions for each other, resulting in low execution levels of unit output plans, increased system operating costs, increased AGC (Automatic Generation Control) pressure, and increased grid operation risks. This invention addresses these problems by proposing a hydropower-thermal power coordinated optimization method and system that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, providing technical support for reliable execution of hydropower-thermal power unit output plans, tapping the system's regulation potential, and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction of conventional power sources.

[0286] Example 2

[0287] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a water-fire coordinated optimization system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention, which considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. The system can achieve water-fire coordinated optimization and specifically includes:

[0288] The computational scenario generation module is used to acquire boundary data for water-fire coordination optimization, determine the computation cycle for water-fire coordination optimization considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, and generate corresponding computational scenarios.

[0289] The optimization model building module is used to construct a coordinated optimization model for hydropower and thermal power generation with the goal of minimizing the cost of hydropower and thermal power generation, and comprehensively considering the coupling of primary and secondary energy sources and carbon emissions.

[0290] The data verification module is used to perform boundary data verification to ensure that the feasible domain of the water-fire coordination optimization model that takes into account primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions is not empty.

[0291] The optimization solver calling module is used to call the optimization solver to solve the water-fire coordination optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions.

[0292] The model solving and safety verification iterative calculation module is used to solve the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions using an optimization solver. The safety verification uses the calculation scenario and optimization model result data as boundaries and adopts the PQ decoupling method to calculate the power flow of the equipment. If no new equipment exceeds the limit, the calculation is successful; if a new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the hydro-thermal coordinated optimization model, and the optimization solver is called again to solve the problem until a hydro-thermal power generation plan that meets the grid security is obtained.

[0293] The process settlement module is used to output information such as the output of hydropower units, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level if the calculation is successful.

[0294] In an optional implementation, the hydro-thermal energy coordination optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions includes: a) obtaining boundary data for hydro-thermal energy coordination optimization considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, determining the optimization calculation cycle, and generating a calculation scenario; b) constructing a hydro-thermal energy coordination optimization model that comprehensively considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions with the objective of minimizing the cost of hydro-thermal power generation; c) calling mainstream optimization solvers from home and abroad, and using algorithms such as branch and bound and tangent plane to solve the optimization model; d) conducting boundary data verification to ensure that the feasible region of the hydro-thermal energy coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions is non-empty; e) calling the optimization solver to solve the problem considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. f) Safety verification: Using the calculation scenario and optimization model results as boundaries, the PQ decoupling method is used to calculate the power flow of the equipment. If no new equipment exceeds the limit, the calculation is successful, and the output of hydro-thermal power units, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, reservoir water level, and other results are output. If new equipment exceeds the limit, the new equipment that exceeds the limit is added to the hydro-thermal power coordination optimization model that considers primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions. The mainstream optimization solvers at home and abroad are called again to solve the problem until a hydro-thermal power generation plan that meets the grid security is obtained. The AGC is then issued for tracking and execution. g) If the calculation is successful, the output of hydro-thermal power units, power generation cost, start-up cost, coal consumption, reservoir water level, and other results are output.

[0295] Example 3

[0296] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a water-fire coordinated optimization device considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The described device can be applied to power systems, such as for automatic power system dispatching, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0297] like Figure 4 As shown, the device may include a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions stored in the memory. When the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device implements the steps of the method described in the above embodiments and achieves the same technical effect as the above method.

[0298] The memory may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The device may further include other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, the memory may be used to read and write non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (commonly referred to as a "hard disk drive"). A program / utility having a set (at least one) of program modules may be stored in, for example, memory. Such program modules include, but are not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment. The program modules typically perform the functions and / or methods described in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0299] The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running programs stored in memory, such as the method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0300] Example 4

[0301] Embodiment 4 of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in the above embodiments and achieves the same technical effect as the above method.

[0302] The computer storage medium of this invention can be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. A computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0303] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, capable of sending, propagating, or transmitting programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0304] Program code contained on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0305] Computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0306] Of course, the computer-executable instructions provided in the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described method operations, but can also perform related operations in the methods provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0307] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-fire coordinated optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: acquiring boundary data of water-fire coordination optimization, determining a water-fire coordination optimization calculation period considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission, and generating a corresponding calculation scenario; constructing a water-fire coordination optimization model taking the minimum water and fire power generation cost as an objective and comprehensively considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission; carrying out boundary data verification to ensure that the feasible region of the water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission is non-empty; calling an optimization solver for solving the water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission; solving the water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission by using the optimization solver, performing safety check by taking the calculation scenario and the optimization model result data as boundaries, and calculating the device power flow by using the PQ decoupling method; if there is no newly added device exceeding the limit, the calculation is successful; if there is newly added device exceeding the limit, the newly added device exceeding the limit is added to the water-fire coordination optimization model, the optimization solver is called again for solving, and the water and fire power generation plan meeting the power grid safety is obtained until the water and fire power generation plan meeting the power grid safety is obtained; if the calculation is successful, the water and fire unit output, power generation cost, starting cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level result information are output. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a carbon emission of the power plant; and determining a carbon emission of the thermal power plant. The boundary data comprises provincial power grid system operation data, unit operation data, tie line plan data, load prediction data, unit group constraint data, and power grid safety constraint data. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a carbon emission of the power plant; and determining a carbon emission of the thermal power plant. The water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission comprises: taking the minimum fire unit cost, starting cost, and water unit cost as an optimization objective and taking carbon emission indicators as strict constraints, and the specific expression is: In the formula, F is an optimization target; f i,t is the unit generation cost of thermal power unit i at time t; s i,t is the start-up cost of thermal power unit i at time t; f w,t is the unit generation cost of hydropower unit w at time t; s i is a set of thermal power units; s w is a set of hydropower units. 4.The method of claim 1, wherein, when constructing the water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission, model constraint conditions need to be set, and the model constraint conditions comprise system operation constraints, unit operation constraints, and power grid safety constraints.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: The model constraint conditions comprise: fire unit output constraint: the fire unit output is expressed as: 0 < δ a,a,t ≤ P i,a - P a,l-1 In the formula, the thermal power generating unit has a segmented heat rate curve, and there are L segments; δ i,l,t is the active power of the lth segment output interval; p i,t is the unit output of unit i at time t; p i,min is the minimum technical output of unit i; u i,t is the operating state of unit i at time t; P i,l is the endpoint power of the segmented heat rate curve of the thermal power, wherein the starting point P i,0 =P i,min ; fire unit heat consumption calculation: the fire unit power generation heat consumption calculation expression is: where h i,b is the base heat rate of unit i; h i,l is the incremental heat rate of the ith segment of the heat rate curve; c i,t is the heat consumption of unit i at time t; fire unit fuel consumption: The heat consumption of the unit i in the time period t is c i,t , using different fuels to provide heat, the consumption of each fuel is: q i,f,t = c i,t / h f where q i,f,t represents the fuel consumption of unit i at time t; h f is the heat rate of fuel f; a 0 / 1 state variable representing whether the unit i uses fuel f at t is further introduced, and the relationship between the unit fuel consumption and the fuel use state is expressed as follows: q i,f,t ≤e i,f,t c i,max / h f q i,f,t ≥e i,f,t c i,min / h f where e i,f,t is the state of use of fuel f by unit i at time t, e i,f,t = 1 means that unit i uses fuel f at time t, e i,f,t = 0 means that unit i does not use fuel f at time t; two constraints make q i,f,t and e i,f,t non-zero at the same time or zero at the same time; c i,min is the minimum technical point heat consumption of unit i; c i,max is the maximum technical point heat consumption of unit i; since the same unit can only use one kind of fuel at the same time, a unit fuel use state uniqueness constraint is introduced: operation cost calculation: since the same unit uses one kind of fuel at the same time, the unit power generation cost calculation formula is: In the formula, f i,t is the generation cost of the unit i at time t; p f,t is the price of fuel f at time t; the calculation method of the unit start-up cost is similar and will not be described again; carbon emission and fuel consumption constraint: since the same unit uses one kind of fuel at the same time, the unit carbon emission constraint is: wherein, Ci(t) is the carbon emission of the unit i at time t; r f,t is the emission factor of fuel f at time t; Ci(t) is the carbon emission of the unit i at time t; r is the maximum consumption of fuel f in the dispatching period; water intake flow calculation of a hydropower station: the water intake flow of a downstream cascade hydropower station comprises the water release flow of an upstream hydropower station and the natural water intake flow, and the specific expression is as follows: where τ k,j is the water flow delay between the hydropower plant k and the upstream hydropower plant j; is the set of upstream hydropower plants of the hydropower plant k; is the inflow of the hydropower plant k at time period t; Δt is the length of the time period; is the outflow of the upstream hydropower plant j of the hydropower plant k at time period t - τ k,j ; denotes the natural inflow of the hydropower plant k at time period t. water release flow calculation of a hydropower station: the water release flow of a hydropower station comprises power generation flow and abandoned water flow, and the specific expression is as follows: In the formula, s k,t represents the abandoned water quantity of the hydropower plant k at the period t; is the power generation flow of the hydropower plant k at the period t; represents the outflow of the hydropower plant k at the period t; water storage calculation of a hydropower station: the current water storage is equal to the water storage at the previous time plus the water intake amount in the current period, minus the water release amount in the current period, and the specific expression is as follows: wherein v k,t , v k,t-1 respectively represent the water storage of the hydropower plant k at time period t, t-1; is the inflow of the hydropower plant k at time period t. relationship between water storage and water level of a hydropower station: the water level of a hydropower plant and the water storage capacity generally have a nonlinear relationship, but for a hydropower plant with small reservoir capacity, it can be approximately treated as a first-order linear relationship, that is: v k,t = η k (h k,t - h k )+ V k wherein, h k are the upper and lower limits of water level of the hydropower plant k, respectively; V k are the corresponding storage capacities of the hydropower plant k at the upper and lower limits of water level, respectively; h k,t is the water level of the hydropower plant k at time period t; usually η k is set as a constant, representing the conversion coefficient between the storage capacity and the water level of the hydropower plant k; water level constraint of a hydropower station: To ensure the safe operation of the reservoir, the water level of the reservoir should be within a certain limit, as follows: wherein h k respectively the upper and lower limits of the water level of the hydropower plant k; respectively the upper and lower limits of the water level of the hydropower plant k; The output constraint of the hydroelectric unit in the vibration zone is: Due to the inherent characteristics of the hydroelectric generating set, its operable output interval is divided into multiple discrete output intervals; the upper limit of the power of the hydroelectric generating set h is P h,max , and the lower limit is P h,min ; after deducting the vibration zone between the upper and lower limits of the power of the hydroelectric generating set, the number of the feasible power operation intervals of the hydroelectric generating set h is S h , and the upper and lower limits of the feasible power operation intervals are The upper and lower limits of the hydroelectric unit power are: u h,t P h,min ≤P h,t ≤u h,t P h,max where P h,t represents the power of the hydroelectric unit h at time period t; t h,t represents the operating state of the hydroelectric unit h at time period t, 0-1 decision variable, u h,t = 1 represents operation, u h,t = 0 represents shutdown; Introducing the 0 / 1 state variable e h,s,t to indicate whether the hydro unit h is in the feasible power operating interval s at time period t: The hydroelectric unit power is: wherein δ h,s,t is the output of the hydroelectric unit h in the time period t within the feasible power operating interval s; respectively represent the maximum and minimum power of the operating interval s of the hydroelectric unit h. The hydroelectric unit power flow calculation is: The hydroelectric unit power flow is: wherein q h,t represents the power generation flow of the hydroelectric generating unit h at time period t; represents the power generation flow of the hydroelectric generating unit h at time period t at the left end point power of the s-th feasible region; b h,s,t represents the water consumption rate of the hydroelectric generating unit h at time period t within the feasible power operation interval s, and the water consumption rate should be non-decreasing in the actual operation according to the continuous power section. The hydroelectric power station power flow calculation is: The hydroelectric power station k power flow can be further expressed as the cumulative power flow of the hydroelectric units in the power plant, and the specific expression is as follows: where q k,t represents the power generation flow of the hydropower plant k at the time period t; The relationship between the hydroelectric power station and the unit output is: The hydroelectric power station k power output can be further expressed as the cumulative output of the hydroelectric units in the power plant, and the specific expression is as follows: where p h,t represents the power of the hydroelectric unit h at the time period t; p k,t represents the power of the hydroelectric plant k at the time period t; The hydroelectric unit start-up frequency constraint is: The maximum start-up frequency constraint of the hydroelectric unit is: y h,t -z h,t = u h,t -u h,t-1 y h,t +z h,t ≤1 wherein y h,t is a 0-1 variable representing the state of the water turbine generator h at time period t; z h,t is a 0-1 variable representing the state of the water turbine generator h at time period t; u h,t , u h,t-1 respectively represent the state of the water turbine generator h at time period t, t-1; U h,max represents the maximum number of start-ups of the water turbine generator h; The minimum number of units in operation in the hydroelectric power plant constraint is: where y h,t represents the on-off state of the hydroelectric generating set h in period t, which is a 0-1 variable; μ k represents the minimum number of on hydroelectric generating sets; S k represents the set of hydroelectric generating sets in the hydroelectric power plant k; The hydroelectric unit vibration zone crossing constraint is: The feasible power interval of the hydroelectric unit is: where s h,t is the active power operation interval of the hydroelectric unit h at time period t; e h,s,t is used to indicate whether the hydroelectric unit h is in the feasible power operation interval s at time period t; if h,t is used to indicate whether the hydroelectric unit h crosses the feasible power interval at time period t, then: Δ h,t ≤|s h,t -s h,t-1 | S h Δ h,t ≥|s h,t -s h,t-1 | In the formula, s h,t-1 is the active power operation interval of the hydroelectric generating unit h at period t-1; Δ h,t is a 0-1 decision variable, if Δ h,t = 1, it indicates that the active power operation interval of the hydroelectric generating unit h at period t is different from that at period t-1; if Δ h,t = 0, it indicates that the active power operation interval of the hydroelectric generating unit h at period t is the same as that at period t-1; S h is a constant greater than the maximum output of the hydroelectric generating unit h, which is used to assist in solving Δ h,t ; Since the absolute value is a nonlinear expression, linearization is performed on the absolute value: The maximum number of times the hydroelectric unit crosses the feasible power interval constraint is: wherein is the absolute value of the auxiliary decision variable; Δ h,max represents the maximum number of times the hydroelectric unit h can cross the vibration zone The hydroelectric unit and the reservoir flow constraint is: Due to the limitations of the unit flow capacity and the gate opening, the unit power flow and the reservoir outflow should be within a certain range: In the formula, Q h,t and respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the power generation flow of the hydroelectric generating set h at time period t; q h,t is the power generation flow of the hydroelectric generating set h at time period t; s h,t is the abandoned water quantity of the hydroelectric generating set h at time period t; is the outflow of the hydroelectric power plant k at time period t; QS max,k , QS min,k are respectively the maximum and minimum outflow of the hydroelectric power plant k; The initial and final water level deviation constraint is: The initial and final water level deviation constraint is as follows: wherein respectively, are the positive and negative deviations of the initial and final water levels of the hydropower plant k; is the initial water level of the hydropower plant k; h k,t is the water level of the hydropower plant k at the time period t, where t is the last time period; The power flow constraint of the power transmission equipment is: The first round of iteration of the optimization model solution and safety check section flow constraint can be described as: The second and subsequent iterations of the optimization model solution and safety check section flow constraint can be described as: where FPis the power flow at the section s at the time period t; N represents the number of units; P s,t is the active power of the unit i at the time period t; D i,t is the active power of the unit i at the time period t last round; D is the bus load value of the node k at the time period t; D k,t is the positive and negative power flow transmission limit of the section s, respectively; G is the generator output power transfer distribution factor of the unit i to the section s; G s-i is the output power transfer distribution factor of the node k to the section s; G s-k is the output power transfer distribution factor of the node k to the section s; G s-j is the output power transfer distribution factor of the node k to the section s; G is the positive and negative power flow relaxation variable of the section s, respectively; G is the AC power flow of the section s at the time period t last round of security correction.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The boundary data verification includes integrity verification, reasonableness verification, and correlation verification; wherein, the integrity verification is used to verify the data completeness, the reasonableness verification is used to verify the data reasonableness, and the correlation verification is used to verify whether the constraints conflict.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The model solution and safety check iteration calculation is used to eliminate the equipment / section over-limit in the power grid, and the specific iteration method is as follows: The water-fire coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission adopts direct current power flow calculation method to adjust the unit operation state and unit output to eliminate section over-limit; The safety check adopts alternating current power flow calculation method to analyze the power grid over-limit, and sends the newly added over-limit equipment and over-limit period to the optimization model; The water-fire coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission is solved and safety checked iteratively until there is no equipment over-limit in the power grid or the maximum number of iterations is reached.

8. A water-fire coordinated optimization system considering a secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, characterized in that, It includes: A calculation scenario generation module is used to obtain the boundary data of the water-fire coordinated optimization, determine the water-fire coordinated optimization calculation period considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission, and generate the corresponding calculation scenario; An optimization model construction module is used to construct a water-fire coordinated optimization model with the minimum water-fire power generation cost as the target, considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission; A data verification module is used to carry out boundary data verification to ensure that the feasible region of the water-fire coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission is non-empty; An optimization solver calling module is used to call the optimization solver to solve the water-fire coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission; An optimization solver calling module is used to call the optimization solver to solve the water-fire coordinated optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emission; A model solution and safety check iteration calculation module is configured to solve a water-fire coordination optimization model considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions by using an optimization solver, and to perform safety check by taking the calculation scenario and the optimization model result data as boundaries and calculating device power flow by using a PQ decoupling method. If there is no newly added device exceeding the limit, the calculation is successful. If there is a newly added device exceeding the limit, the newly added device exceeding the limit is added to the water-fire coordination optimization model, and the optimization solver is called again to solve until a water-fire power generation plan meeting the safety of the power grid is obtained. A process settlement module is configured to output water and fire turbine unit output, power generation cost, starting cost, coal consumption, and reservoir water level result information if the calculation is successful.

9. A water-fire coordinated optimization device considering a secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions, characterized in that, The device comprises a processor and a memory, and the memory stores computer instructions. The processor is configured to execute the computer instructions stored in the memory, and the device implements the steps of the water-fire coordination optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when the computer instructions are executed by the processor.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the water-fire coordination optimization method considering primary and secondary energy coupling and carbon emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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