High-efficiency blasting excavation method for large cross-section roadway

Abstract

The method for high-efficiency blasting excavation of large-section roadway, wherein the large-section roadway is divided into several regions by pre-splitting blasting, each region has a length of 3-5 m and a height of 2-4 m; the pre-splitting holes are arranged in rows and columns and are cut horizontally and vertically on the roadway section; the pre-splitting holes are divided into pre-splitting blasting holes and pre-splitting empty holes, the pre-splitting blasting holes and the pre-splitting empty holes are arranged alternately, the pre-splitting blasting holes are charged with a cartridge, the hole diameter is 40 mm, and the hole depth is about the single blasting excavation footage of the roadway; the pre-splitting empty holes are not charged with a cartridge, the hole diameter is 60-80 mm, and the hole depth is about the single blasting excavation footage of the roadway plus 100 mm; the pre-splitting blasting holes are initiated first, then the blasting holes in each region separated by the pre-splitting blasting holes are initiated, the initiation sequence between regions is that the upper regions are initiated first and then the lower regions are initiated; the initiation sequence of the blasting holes in a region is that the cutting eyes are initiated first, then the middle hole charging sections are initiated, and then the first-level auxiliary eyes and the second-level auxiliary eyes are initiated step by step; after the blasting of all the blasting holes in the regions is completed, the smooth blasting holes on the perimeter of the roadway section are initiated last, and the method has the advantages of reducing large rock blocks in large-section roadway blasting, improving the cutting and blasting effects and the blasting efficiency, etc.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a high-efficiency blasting tunneling method for large-section roadway. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, when tunneling in underground mine, the blasting tunneling method is generally used. When the section of the underground mine roadway is too large, the blasting tunneling will become inefficient. Moreover, the multi-stage blast hole initiation of the large-section roadway is prone to damage the integrity of the surrounding rock of the blast hole to be blasted, causing the damage of the charge structure of the blast hole to be blasted and leading to the occurrence of the dumb and blind blasting. In addition, the free surface of the deep blast hole in the roadway is small, the limitation is large, and the clamping effect is obvious. The traditional cutting and eye arrangement method often has the problems of poor cutting and blasting effect, more roots during the subsequent blast hole blasting, and more large blocks of blasting surrounding rock.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly urgent and significant to seek a large-section roadway blasting tunneling method with high blasting efficiency, good cutting and blasting effect, and few large blocks. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application relates to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a high-efficiency blasting tunneling method for large-section roadway.

[0005] The present application relates to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a high-efficiency blasting tunneling method for large-section roadway.

[0006] The high-efficiency blasting tunneling method for large-section roadway is used to solve the problems of low blasting efficiency, poor cutting and blasting effect, and few large blocks in the large-section roadway blasting tunneling. The large-section roadway is divided into several regions by using the pre-splitting blasting method, each region has a length of 3-5 m and a height of 2-4 m. The pre-splitting holes are arranged in rows and columns and are cut horizontally and vertically on the section of the roadway. The pre-splitting holes are divided into pre-splitting blasting holes and pre-splitting empty holes. The pre-splitting blasting holes and the pre-splitting empty holes are arranged alternately. The pre-splitting blasting holes are charged with a charge roll, the hole diameter is about 40 mm, and the hole depth is about the single blasting tunneling footage of the roadway. The pre-splitting empty holes are not charged with a charge roll, the hole diameter is about 60-80 mm, and the hole depth is about the single blasting tunneling footage of the roadway plus about 100 mm. The pre-splitting blasting holes are initiated first, and then the blasting holes in each region separated by the pre-splitting blasting are initiated. The initiation sequence between regions is: the upper region is initiated first, and then the lower region is initiated. The initiation sequence of the blasting holes in the region is: the cutting eye is initiated first, then the middle hole charge section is initiated, and then the first-level auxiliary eye and the second-level auxiliary eye are initiated step by step. After the blasting of all the blasting holes in the region is completed, the light face blasting hole on the perimeter of the section of the roadway is finally initiated.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages or effects:

[0008] Because the original large roadway section one blasting area is divided into horizontal and vertical multiple blasting areas by pre-splitting blasting, the multiple blasting areas can be simultaneously initiated, each blasting area is separated by pre-splitting cracks, and the blasting does not interfere with each other, so the blasting efficiency is improved, and the charge result of the blast hole is well protected; at the same time, since the pre-splitting holes are arranged in a manner of spacing between the empty holes and the charge holes, the empty holes are used to provide a free surface for the charge hole blasting, so the pre-splitting blasting effect is improved, and the charge amount is saved; in addition, since short conical cutting holes and long central holes are used for cutting, the central hole is also charged without filling, the conical cutting hole is initiated first, the shallow part of the central hole is empty to provide a blasting free surface, the deep part of the central hole is initiated later, the loose rock in the shallow part also provides a free surface for it, and extrusion and throwing blasting is formed, the conical cutting space formed cooperates with the auxiliary eye with a small inclination angle between the axis of each subsequent blast hole and the axis of the roadway, fully utilizes the characteristics that the deep surrounding rock is difficult to break during roadway blasting and excavation, so the blasting effect is improved, the surrounding rock is effectively utilized and the surrounding rock is reduced; in addition, since the special charge with single-sided V-shaped energy concentration cavity or special charge with double-sided V-shaped energy concentration cavity is used, the energy concentration cavity of the charge is used to blast, the blasting energy is more effectively utilized, the blasting effect is improved, and the blasting efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 It is a roadway section hole arrangement design front view according to the present application.

[0010] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 the roadway section hole arrangement design A-A section plan view shown.

[0011] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 the roadway section hole arrangement design B-B section left view shown.

[0012] Figure 4 It is a special cutting method schematic diagram of the present application.

[0013] Figure 5 It is a charge schematic diagram with single-sided V-shaped energy concentration cavity and double-sided V-shaped energy concentration cavity.

[0014] In the drawings, various identifiers are represented as follows:

[0015] 0. Pre-splitting void 1. Pre-splitting blasting hole 2. Upper region cut-out hole 3. Upper region central hole 31. Middle hole void section 32. Middle hole charging section 4. Upper region primary auxiliary hole 5. Upper region secondary auxiliary hole 6. Lower region cut-out hole 7. Lower region central hole 8. Lower region primary auxiliary hole 9. Lower region secondary auxiliary hole 10. Peripheral hole 11. Charge roll with single-sided V-shaped shaped energy cavity 111. Single-sided V-shaped shaped energy cavity 12. Charge roll with double-sided V-shaped shaped energy cavity 121. Double-sided V-shaped shaped energy cavity

[0016] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0017] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this method for efficient blasting excavation of large-section roadways addresses problems such as low blasting efficiency, poor cutting and blasting effects, and a lack of large blocks in large-section roadway blasting excavation. The large-section roadway is divided into several zones using pre-splitting blasting, each zone being 3–5m long and 2–4m high. Pre-splitting holes are arranged in rows and columns, and the roadway cross-section is cut horizontally and vertically. The pre-splitting holes are divided into pre-splitting blasting holes 1 and pre-splitting empty holes 0, which are arranged alternately. Pre-splitting blasting holes 1 are loaded with explosive cartridges, with a hole diameter of approximately 40mm and a hole depth approximately equal to the depth of a single blasting excavation of the roadway. The pre-splitting hole 0 is not loaded with explosives, with a hole diameter of approximately 60-80mm and a hole depth of approximately the single blasting advance of the roadway plus approximately 100mm. The pre-splitting blasting hole 1 is detonated first, followed by the blasting holes in each area separated by the pre-splitting blasting. The detonation sequence between areas is as follows: the upper area is detonated first, followed by the lower area. The detonation sequence within an area is as follows: the cut hole is detonated first, followed by the middle hole with explosives, and then the first-level auxiliary holes and second-level auxiliary holes are detonated step by step. After all the blasting holes in all areas have been detonated, the smooth blasting holes at the perimeter of the roadway section are detonated last.

[0018] The process of the present invention can be further described as follows:

[0019] The diameter of the upper region primary auxiliary eye (4), the lower region primary auxiliary eye (8), the upper region secondary auxiliary eye (5), and the lower region secondary auxiliary eye (9) is about 45-55 mm, and the hole depth is about the same as the single advance of the tunnel. The angle between the long axis of the slotted eye (2) in all regions and the long axis of the tunnel is about 2-3°.

[0020] The smooth blasting hole is the outermost peripheral eye 10 with a diameter of about 40mm and a depth of about 100mm plus the single advance of the tunnel.

[0021] A special slotting layout is adopted: there are one large upper region central hole 3 and one large lower region central hole 7 in the upper region 3 and the lower region 7 respectively, four upper region slotting eyes 2 and four lower region slotting eyes 6 are symmetrically arranged around the upper region central hole 3 and the lower region central hole 7, the upper region slotting eyes 2 and the lower region slotting eyes 6 are fully charged and packed, the upper region central hole 3 and the lower region central hole 7 are divided into empty hole segments and charging segments, the upper region central hole 3 and the lower region central hole 7 are deeply charged at 1000mm, and no charge is arranged at about 2000mm from the hole mouth, the hole mouths of the upper region central hole 3 and the lower region central hole 7 are not packed, when the slotting is initiated, the four peripheral slotting eyes 2, 6 are initiated first, and then the deep charge segment of the central hole is initiated.

[0022] The hole diameter of the upper region slotting eye 2 and the lower region slotting eye 6 is about 50mm, the hole depth is about 2000mm, and the angle between the long axis and the long axis of the roadway is 3-5°.

[0023] The hole diameter of the upper region central hole 3 and the lower region central hole 7 is about 100mm, and the hole depth is about the single advance length of the roadway excavation plus about 300mm.

[0024] The charging holes all adopt axial decoupling charging and radial decoupling charging, and the charge is a charge with a single-side V-shaped energy gathering cavity 11 or a charge with a double-side V-shaped energy gathering cavity 12, wherein the pre-splitting blasting hole 1 in the pre-splitting hole adopts the charge with the double-side V-shaped energy gathering cavity 12, the double-side V-shaped energy gathering cavity 121 faces the two pre-splitting empty holes 0, and the other charging holes all adopt the charge with the single-side V-shaped energy gathering cavity 11, the single-side V-shaped energy gathering cavity 111 faces the slotting area of each region.

[0025] As described above, the present application can be better implemented. The above-mentioned embodiments are only the best mode of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and other changes, modifications, replacements, combinations and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present application should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for efficient blasting excavation of large-section tunnels, characterized in that... The roadway cross-section is divided into several areas using pre-splitting blasting, each area being 3-5m long and 2-4m high. Pre-splitting holes are arranged in rows and columns, and the roadway cross-section is cut horizontally and vertically. The pre-splitting holes are divided into pre-splitting blasting holes (1) and pre-splitting empty holes (0), which are arranged alternately. The pre-splitting blasting holes (1) are loaded with explosive cartridges, with a hole diameter of 40mm and a hole depth equal to the single blasting advance of the roadway. The pre-splitting empty holes (0) are not loaded with explosive cartridges and have a hole diameter of 60-80mm. mm, the hole depth is the single blasting advance of the roadway plus 100mm; first detonate the pre-splitting blasting hole (1), then detonate the blasting holes of each area separated by the pre-splitting blasting. The detonation sequence between areas is: first detonate the upper area, then detonate the lower area; the detonation sequence of blasting holes within the area is: first detonate the slotted hole, then detonate the middle hole charging section, then detonate the first-level auxiliary hole and the second-level auxiliary hole step by step. After all the blasting holes in all areas have been detonated, finally detonate the smooth blasting holes at the perimeter of the roadway cross section.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part... The diameter of the first-level auxiliary eye (4) in the area, the first-level auxiliary eye (8) in the lower area, the second-level auxiliary eye (5) in the upper area, and the second-level auxiliary eye (9) in the lower area are all 45~55mm, and the hole depth is the single advance of the tunnel. The angle between the long axis of the slotted eye (2) in all areas and the long axis of the tunnel is 2°~3°.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smooth blasting hole is the outermost peripheral eye (10) with a diameter of 40mm and a depth of 100mm plus the single advance of the tunnel.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following slotting layout is adopted: There is a large central hole (3) in the upper area and a central hole (7) in the lower area. Four slotting holes (2) in the upper area and slotting holes (6) in the lower area are symmetrically arranged around the upper area. The slotting holes (2) in the upper area and slotting holes (6) in the lower area are fully loaded with explosives and filled with blast holes. The central hole (3) in the upper area and the central hole (7) in the lower area are divided into an empty hole section and a loaded section. The central hole (3) in the upper area and the central hole (7) in the lower area are loaded with explosives to a depth of 1000mm, and no explosives are loaded 2000mm away from the hole opening. The hole openings of the central hole (3) in the upper area and the central hole (7) in the lower area are not filled. When the slotting is detonated, the four slotting holes (2,6) around the perimeter are detonated first, and then the deep explosive cartridge in the deep loading section of the central hole is detonated.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper region slot (2) and lower region slot (6) have a diameter of 50 mm and a depth of 2000 mm, and their long axis is at an angle of 3°~5° to the long axis of the roadway.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the central hole (3) in the upper region and the central hole (7) in the lower region is 100mm, and the hole depth is the single advance of the tunnel plus 300mm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: All the charging holes adopt axially uncoupled charging and radially uncoupled charging. The charging cartridges adopt charging cartridges (11) with a single-sided V-shaped energy cavity or charging cartridges (12) with a double-sided V-shaped energy cavity. Among them, the pre-splitting blasting hole (1) in the pre-splitting hole adopts the charging cartridge (12) with a double-sided V-shaped energy cavity. The double-sided V-shaped energy cavity (121) faces the pre-splitting holes (0) on both sides. The other charging holes adopt the charging cartridge (11) with a single-sided V-shaped energy cavity. The single-sided V-shaped energy cavity (111) faces the slotting area of ​​each region.

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