A sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of fuel cells and specifically discloses a sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure, which includes a stack body, a blower and a sleeve. A stack air duct is opened in the middle of the stack body, and the blower is used to blow air into the stack air duct. The stack body includes a plurality of stacked battery cells, and the battery cells include bipolar plates and membrane electrodes. The two sides of the bipolar plates are sealed anode hydrogen flow channels and open cathode air flow channels, respectively. The cathode air flow channels are connected to the stack air duct, and the air in the stack air duct can be discharged from the cathode air flow channels. The sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the stack body to block the air discharged from the cathode air flow channels. By arranging a sleeve on the outside of the stack body, the present application slows down the air in the cathode air flow channel, alleviates oxygen consumption in the cathode air flow channel outlet area, delays water removal efficiency, improves the water retention of the battery stack structure, and at the same time strengthens the heat dissipation of the stack and enhances the performance of the air-cooled stack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of fuel cells, and more specifically, relates to a sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells are power generation devices that directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. They have the advantages of being pollution-free, low noise, and having high conversion efficiency. They are widely used in portable power supplies, transportation, drones, and other fields.

[0003] Among them, open-cathode air-cooled PEM fuel cells have a relatively simple configuration. Compared to other fuel cell devices, they consist of only the stack and a fan, eliminating the need for complex auxiliary systems such as liquid cooling circuits and humidifiers. This compact system structure reduces the size and weight of the power system, minimizes the power consumption of auxiliary components, and lowers overall system cost. With a relatively high energy density, they hold broad application prospects in portable applications. The cathode structure of open-cathode air-cooled PEM fuel cells is directly exposed to the air. External air enters the stack through the fan, where it participates in the electrochemical reaction while removing the generated water and excess heat. Because air-cooled fuel cells rely on forced convection heat transfer from air, which has a much lower specific heat capacity than liquids like water, air cooling systems are less efficient than water-cooled systems. Temperature significantly impacts the output performance of air-cooled PEM fuel cells. To maintain the operating temperature of air-cooled fuel cells, the cathode air stoichiometric ratio is often high, ranging from tens to hundreds. Excessive air flow rates can also cause the membrane to dry out, resulting in poor water retention and reduced battery performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the defects of the existing technology, the present application provides a sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure, which aims to solve the problem of poor water retention of existing air-cooled fuel cell stacks, while achieving enhanced heat dissipation and improving the output performance of the air-cooled stack.

[0005] The present application provides a sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure, which specifically includes a stack body and a fan. An embedded stack air duct is opened in the middle of the stack body, and the fan is connected to the stack body to blow air into the stack air duct; the stack body includes a plurality of stacked battery cells, and the battery cells include bipolar plates and membrane electrodes, and the membrane electrodes are arranged above the bipolar plates. The bipolar plates and membrane electrodes are both annular structures, and the two sides of the bipolar plates are sealed anode hydrogen flow channels and open cathode air flow channels, respectively. The cathode air flow channel is connected to the battery stack air duct, and the air in the battery stack air duct can be discharged from the cathode air flow channel; the battery stack structure also includes a sleeve, which is arranged on the outside of the battery stack body to block the air discharged from the cathode air flow channel, reduce the air flow rate, and change the gas flow direction; an opening is provided on the top of the sleeve, and a gap is provided between the inner peripheral wall of the sleeve and the outer peripheral wall of the battery stack body. The air discharged from the cathode air flow channel passes through the gap and is discharged from the opening. During the upward discharge process, the air exchanges heat with the battery stack body again to enhance heat dissipation.

[0006] Through the above technical solution conceived by the present application, under the action of the fan, air enters the air duct of the battery stack, flows through the cathode air flow channel and is discharged. Since a sleeve is provided on the outside of the battery stack body of the present application, the sleeve has a certain flow-blocking effect, the air pressure inside the sleeve increases, and the air flows from the inside of the sleeve to the opening. The air flow in the cathode air flow channel slows down, which can alleviate the oxygen consumption in the outlet area of ​​the cathode air flow channel, delay the water removal efficiency, and improve the water retention of the battery stack structure. At the same time, the air disturbance in the stack is strengthened, the air flow direction is changed, and the air is further exchanged with the battery stack when discharged, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the battery stack.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, the battery stack body also includes a cathode end plate, an anode end plate and at least two connecting screws. The battery cell is located between the cathode end plate and the anode end plate and is coaxially arranged. One end of the connecting screw is threadedly connected to a limiting nut, and the other end of the connecting screw passes through the anode end plate and is threadedly connected to the cathode end plate. The cathode end plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sleeve by bolts.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple battery cells can be connected into a whole, and the battery stack body can be easily installed inside the sleeve, which improves the connection stability and enhances the use effect of the battery stack.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, an air inlet is opened in the middle of the anode end plate, the fan is fixedly connected to the anode end plate, the fan, air inlet and fuel cell stack air duct are located on the same vertical axis, and the fan allows air to enter the fuel cell stack air duct from the air inlet.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the fan can allow air to enter the fuel cell stack air duct stably, so that the fuel cell stack body can carry out a stable electrochemical reaction.

[0011] As a further preference, the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are both provided with an integrally formed structural positioning protrusion, and the positioning protrusion is provided with a limiting hole for the connecting screw to pass through.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the lower end of the connecting screw is threadedly connected to the cathode end plate, and then passes through the limiting holes on the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode positioning protrusion in turn, and finally the upper end passes through the anode end plate and is fixed with a limiting nut. This can achieve accurate connection of the battery cells between the anode end plate and the cathode end plate, and achieve stability of the overall structural connection of the battery stack.

[0013] As a further preference, the sleeve is a cylindrical structure, and the sleeve, the opening and the stack body are located on the same axis.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the stack body is located in the middle position of the sleeve, the distance between the outer wall of the stack body and the inner wall of the sleeve is the same, and the air flow rate discharged from the cathode air flow channel is the same, making the internal reaction of the stack body more stable.

[0015] As a further preference, a plurality of cathode air flow channels are radially distributed outward from the annular center of the bipolar plate to form a circumferential array, and the cathode air flow channels gradually widen from the inside to the outside.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the air in the stack flow channel can be evenly discharged to the surroundings from the cathode air flow channel.

[0017] As a further preference, an anode hydrogen flow channel is provided on the anode surface of the bipolar plate, and two hydrogen through holes are provided on the bipolar plate, and the two hydrogen through holes are connected through the anode hydrogen flow channel.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, hydrogen can be introduced into the anode hydrogen flow channel through the hydrogen through hole to enable the power stack body to react.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment, the battery stack structure also includes a first current collecting plate and a second current collecting plate for collecting the current of the battery stack body, the first current collecting plate is arranged at the top of the battery stack body and is located between the battery cell and the anode end plate, a first insulating plate is arranged between the first current collecting plate and the anode end plate, and a first placement groove for placing the first current collecting plate is provided on the first insulating plate, the second current collecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the battery stack body and is located between the battery cell and the cathode end plate, a second insulating plate is arranged between the second current collecting plate and the cathode end plate, and a second placement groove for placing the second current collecting plate is provided on the second insulating plate.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the first current collecting plate and the second current collecting plate are used to conduct the current generated by the reaction of the battery stack. The first current collecting plate is installed in the first placement groove on the first insulating plate, and the second current collecting plate is installed in the second placement groove on the second insulating plate, thereby improving the installation stability.

[0021] As a further preference, the battery unit further includes a sealing ring, an anode sealing groove is opened on the lower surface of the bipolar plate, the sealing ring is arranged in the anode sealing groove and fits tightly with the membrane electrode below.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution and providing a sealing ring, the sealing between the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode is improved, thereby preventing hydrogen leakage or hydrogen-oxygen communication.

[0023] As a further preference, the sleeve is made of a metal heat-conducting material.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat dissipation area can be increased through the sleeve, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the battery.

[0025] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by this application have the following technical advantages compared with the existing technologies:

[0026] 1. In the present application, under the action of the fan, air can enter the stack air duct and then be discharged from the cathode air flow channel, which can blow out the water and heat generated by the reaction in the cathode air flow channel. Since a sleeve is provided on the outside of the stack body, the sleeve has a certain flow-blocking effect on the air discharged from the cathode air flow channel, so that the air pressure inside the sleeve increases, and the air discharged from the cathode air flow channel then flows from the sleeve to the opening, and the air flow in the cathode air flow channel slows down, which can alleviate the oxygen consumption in the cathode air flow channel outlet area, delay the water removal efficiency, and improve the water retention of the battery stack structure. At the same time, the air disturbance in the stack is strengthened, the air flow direction is changed, and the air further exchanges heat with the stack when it is discharged, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the stack.

[0027] 2. By threading the lower end of the connecting screw to the cathode end plate, and then passing it through the limiting holes on the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode positioning protrusion in turn, and finally passing the upper end through the anode end plate, and fixing it with a limiting nut, it is possible to achieve accurate connection of the battery cells between the anode end plate and the cathode end plate, so that multiple battery cells are connected into a whole, and the stability of the overall structural connection of the battery stack is achieved, so that the battery stack body can be installed inside the sleeve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view along line AA;

[0031] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of part B in the middle.

[0032] Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein:

[0033] 1. Stack body; 11. Battery cell; 111. Bipolar plate; 1111. Cathode air flow channel; 1112. Hydrogen through hole; 1113. Anode sealing groove; 112. Membrane electrode; 113. Positioning protrusion; 1131. Limiting hole; 114. Sealing ring; 12. Cathode end plate; 121. Second insulating plate; 13. Anode end plate; 131. Air inlet; 132. First insulating plate; 14. Connecting screw; 2. Fan; 3. Stack air duct; 4. Sleeve; 41. Opening; 5. First collecting plate; 6. Second collecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0035] The present application discloses a sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure. Figure 1-4 A sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure includes a stack body 1, a fan 2 and a sleeve 4. The stack body 1 is a cylindrical structure. An embedded stack air duct 3 is opened in the middle of the stack body 1. The fan 2 is connected to the stack body 1 and is located at the air inlet 131 of the stack air duct 3 to blow air outside the battery stack into the stack air duct 3.

[0036] The stack body 1 includes a number of stacked battery cells 11, each battery cell 11 includes a bipolar plate 111 and a membrane electrode 112, the two sides of the bipolar plate 111 are respectively a sealed anode hydrogen flow channel and an open cathode air flow channel 1111, the top of the bipolar plate 111 is the cathode end, and the bottom is the anode end. The membrane electrode 112 is arranged above the bipolar plate 111, and the bipolar plate 111 and the membrane electrode 112 are both annular structures. The upper surface of the bipolar plate 111 is the cathode surface and is provided with a number of cathode air flow channels 1111 connecting the inner annular surface and the outer annular surface. One end of the cathode air flow channel 1111 is connected to the stack air duct 3, and the other end is connected to the outside of the stack body 1. The air in the stack air duct 3 can be discharged from the cathode air flow channel 1111, and the water and heat generated by the reaction are taken away by the air flow; the sleeve 4 is sleeved on the outside of the stack body 1. In this embodiment, the sleeve 4 is made of a metal heat-conducting material, specifically stainless steel. The thickness is 5 mm. The air discharged from the cathode air flow channel 1111 is blocked by the sleeve 4, and the internal pressure of the sleeve 4 increases, so that the air flow in the cathode air flow channel 1111 is slowed down, which can alleviate the oxygen consumption in the outlet area of ​​the cathode air flow channel 1111, and delay the water removal efficiency, thereby improving the water retention of the battery stack structure. An opening 41 is provided at the top of the sleeve 4. The opening 41 is coaxially arranged with the sleeve 4, and the opening 41 has the same inner diameter as the sleeve 4. A gap is provided between the inner circumferential wall of the sleeve 4 and the outer circumferential wall of the battery stack body 1. The air discharged from the cathode air flow channel 1111 is discharged from the opening 41 after passing through the gap. Compared with the existing battery stack structure, the present application provides an additional flow channel for the air discharged from the cathode air flow channel 1111, and the internal air pressure of the sleeve 4 is increased, which increases the back pressure, realizes the deceleration of the air flow in the cathode air flow channel 1111, and the air exchanges heat with the battery stack body 1 again during the upward discharge process, thereby enhancing heat dissipation.

[0037] In this embodiment, the battery stack body 1 also includes a cathode end plate 12, an anode end plate 13 and a plurality of connecting screws 14, wherein the cathode end plate 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sleeve 4 by bolts, and the sleeve 4 is a cylindrical structure, so that the sleeve 4, the opening 41 and the battery stack body 1 are located on the same axis. In order to conduct the electric energy generated by the battery stack, the battery stack structure also includes a first current collecting plate 5 and a second current collecting plate 6 for collecting the current of the battery stack body 1, the first current collecting plate 5 is arranged at the top of the battery stack body 1 and is located between the battery cell 11 and the anode end plate 13, a first insulating plate 132 is arranged between the first current collecting plate 5 and the anode end plate 13, and a first placement groove for placing the first current collecting plate 5 is provided on the first insulating plate 132, and the second current collecting plate 6 is arranged at the bottom of the battery stack body 1 and is located between the battery cell 11 and the cathode end plate 12, a second insulating plate 121 is provided between the second current collecting plate 6 and the cathode end plate 12, and a second placement groove for placing the second current collecting plate 6 is provided on the second insulating plate 121;

[0038] Since the battery stack body 1 is located in the middle of the sleeve 4, the distance between the outer wall of the battery stack body 1 and the inner wall of the sleeve 4 is the same, and the air flow rate discharged from the cathode air flow channel 1111 is the same, which makes the internal reaction of the battery stack body 1 more stable. Several stacked battery cells 11 are located between the cathode end plate 12 and the anode end plate 13 and are coaxially arranged. The top end of the connecting screw 14 is threadedly connected to the limiting nut, and the bottom end of the connecting screw 14 passes through the anode end plate 13 and is threadedly connected to the cathode end plate 12. In order to improve the installation stability of the battery cell 11 Qualitatively, both the bipolar plate 111 and the membrane electrode 112 are provided with an integrally formed structural positioning protrusion 113, and a limiting hole 1131 is opened on the positioning protrusion 113 for the connecting screw 14 to pass through. The connecting screw 14 is inserted into the limiting hole 1131 and then threadedly connected to the cathode end plate 12, which can fix the angle of the battery cell 11. At the same time, the connecting screw 14 passes through the first current collecting plate 5, the second current collecting plate 6, the first insulating plate 132 and the second insulating plate 121. After the stack body 1 is connected into a whole, it is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve 4, and the connection is stable.

[0039] An air inlet 131 is provided in the middle of the anode end plate 13, and the fan 2 is fixedly connected to the anode end plate 13. The fan 2, the air inlet 131 and the stack air duct 3 are located on the same vertical axis. The fan 2 allows air to enter the stack air duct 3 from the middle of the air inlet 131, so that the air intake volume is maximized.

[0040] The cathode air flow channel 1111 on the bipolar plate 111 is a trapezoidal air flow channel, which gradually widens from the inside to the outside, and its inlet diameter close to the inner annular surface is smaller than the outlet diameter close to the outer annular surface. Multiple cathode air flow channels 1111 are radially distributed outward from the annular center of the bipolar plate 111 to form a circular array, so that the air in the stack air duct 3 can flow to the surroundings; the lower surface of the bipolar plate 111 is the anode surface and an anode hydrogen flow channel is provided. Two penetrating hydrogen through holes 1112 are provided on the bipolar plate 111, and the corresponding hydrogen through holes 1112 on the two adjacent battery cells 11 are connected to form the hydrogen channel of the entire stack body 1, and an inlet for hydrogen injection and an outlet for hydrogen discharge are provided on the anode end plate 13, and the inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the opposite The corresponding hydrogen through holes 1112 are connected, and the two hydrogen through holes 1112 are connected through the anode hydrogen flow channel. Hydrogen is introduced into the anode hydrogen flow channel from the hydrogen through hole 1112 to provide fuel. When the fuel cell is working, hydrogen is input from a hydrogen through hole 1112 of the battery stack, passes through the anode end plate of the battery stack, and hydrogen passes through the hydrogen flow channels of each bipolar plate 111 and is discharged after reaching another hydrogen channel of the battery stack; the battery unit 11 also includes a sealing ring 114, and an anode sealing groove 1113 is provided on the lower surface of the bipolar plate 111. The anode sealing groove 1113 surrounds the hydrogen through hole 1112 and the hydrogen flow channel. The sealing ring 114 is arranged in the anode sealing groove 1113 and is tightly fitted with the membrane electrode 112 below to prevent hydrogen leakage or hydrogen and oxygen from communicating with each other.

[0041] It should be understood that expressions such as "include" and "may include" used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as "include" and / or "have" may be interpreted as indicating a specific characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but may not be interpreted as excluding the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0044] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0045] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a stack body (1) and a fan (2), wherein a built-in stack air duct (3) is provided in the middle of the stack body (1), and the fan (2) is connected to the stack body (1) and is used to blow air into the stack air duct (3); The battery stack body (1) comprises a plurality of stacked battery cells (11), wherein the battery cells (11) comprise bipolar plates (111) and membrane electrodes (112), wherein the membrane electrodes (112) are arranged above the bipolar plates (111), wherein the bipolar plates (111) and the membrane electrodes (112) are both annular structures, wherein two sides of the bipolar plates (111) are respectively sealed anode hydrogen flow channels and open cathode air flow channels (1111), wherein the cathode air flow channels (1111) are connected to the battery stack air channel (3), and the air in the battery stack air channel (3) can be discharged from the cathode air flow channels (1111); The battery stack structure further comprises a sleeve (4), which is sleeved on the outside of the battery stack body (1) to block the air discharged from the cathode air flow channel (1111), reduce the air flow rate, and change the gas flow direction; an opening (41) is provided at the top of the sleeve (4), and a gap is provided between the inner peripheral wall of the sleeve (4) and the outer peripheral wall of the battery stack body (1); the air discharged from the cathode air flow channel (1111) passes through the gap and is discharged from the opening (41); and during the upward discharge process, the air exchanges heat with the battery stack body (1) again, thereby enhancing heat dissipation; The battery stack body (1) further comprises a cathode end plate (12), an anode end plate (13) and at least two connecting screws (14); the battery unit (11) is located between the cathode end plate (12) and the anode end plate (13) and is coaxially arranged; one end of the connecting screw (14) is threadedly connected to a limiting nut; the other end of the connecting screw (14) passes through the anode end plate (13) and is threadedly connected to the cathode end plate (12); the cathode end plate (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sleeve (4) by bolts; An air inlet (131) is provided in the middle of the anode end plate (13), the fan (2) is fixedly connected to the anode end plate (13), the fan (2), the air inlet (131) and the stack air duct (3) are located on the same vertical axis, and the fan (2) allows air to enter the stack air duct (3) from the air inlet (131).

2. The sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bipolar plate (111) and the membrane electrode (112) are both provided with an integrally formed structural positioning protrusion (113), and the positioning protrusion (113) is provided with a limiting hole (1131) for the connecting screw (14) to pass through.

3. The sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve (4) is a cylindrical structure, and the sleeve (4), the opening (41) and the stack body (1) are located on the same axis.

4. The sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of cathode air flow channels (1111) are radially distributed outward from the annular center of the bipolar plate (111) to form a circumferential array, and the cathode air flow channels (1111) gradually widen from the inside to the outside.

5. The sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anode hydrogen flow channel is provided on the anode surface of the bipolar plate (111), and two hydrogen through holes (1112) are provided through the bipolar plate (111), and the two hydrogen through holes (1112) are connected through the anode hydrogen flow channel.

6. The sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery stack structure further comprises a first current collecting plate (5) and a second current collecting plate (6) for collecting current of the battery stack body (1); the first current collecting plate (5) is arranged at the top of the battery stack body (1) and is located between the battery cell (11) and the anode end plate (13); a first insulating plate (132) is arranged between the first current collecting plate (5) and the anode end plate (13); a first placement groove for placing the first current collecting plate (5) is provided on the first insulating plate (132); the second current collecting plate (6) is arranged at the bottom of the battery stack body (1) and is located between the battery cell (11) and the cathode end plate (12); a second insulating plate (121) is arranged between the second current collecting plate (6) and the cathode end plate (12); a second placement groove for placing the second current collecting plate (6) is provided on the second insulating plate (121).

7. The sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery unit (11) further includes a sealing ring (114). An anode sealing groove (1113) is provided on the lower surface of the bipolar plate (111). The sealing ring (114) is arranged in the anode sealing groove (1113) and is tightly fitted with the membrane electrode (112) below.

8. A sleeve-type annular cathode open air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The sleeve (4) is made of a metal heat-conducting material.

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