The invention discloses a kind of active change, automatic unloading seed air suction type rice plot breeding single grain precision seed metering device

Abstract

The application discloses an active seed changing and automatic seed unloading air suction type rice plot breeding single-grain precision seed metering device, which comprises an active seed changing mechanism for storing and autonomously changing seeds, a single-grain seeding precision seed metering mechanism and an automatic seed unloading mechanism for autonomously cleaning and storing residual seeds; the seed changing mechanism is provided with an openable seed dropping port; the seed metering mechanism is provided with a seed inlet, a seed outlet, a seed suction disc capable of single-grain precision adsorption of rice seeds and an openable seed unloading port; the seed inlet is located in a seed filling chamber; the seed unloading port is located at the lower end of the seed filling chamber; and the seed suction disc is located at one side of the seed filling chamber; the seed unloading mechanism comprises a residual seed collecting box; the seed dropping port is communicated with the seed inlet; and the residual seed collecting box receives the seeds dropped from the seed unloading port. The active seed changing, continuous seed supplying and automatic seed cleaning mode can meet the requirements of preventing mixed planting in the rice plot breeding seeding operation stage and can eliminate the complicated manual seed changing and supplying process, thereby improving the rice plot breeding seeding operation efficiency and precision, and belonging to the field of agricultural machinery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, specifically to a pneumatic rice plot breeding single-grain precision seed metering device that can actively change seeds and automatically unload seeds. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is one of my country's three staple grains. When breeding superior rice varieties, plot breeding field trials are often used. These trials divide the experimental plot into several plots, sowing different seeds in each plot. This allows for a direct and intuitive assessment of the quality of different seed lines in various soil environments, based on agronomic requirements, and is the most effective method for selecting superior seeds. Sowing is a crucial component of plot breeding field trials. Compared to open field sowing, plot sowing requires clearing all remaining seeds from the seed chamber at the end of each plot to prevent mixing with seeds from the next plot. Currently, my country lacks suitable dedicated seed metering devices for plot breeding sowing, relying primarily on manual methods. Especially in southern planting areas, plot breeding sowing is mainly conducted in paddy fields, resulting in numerous procedures, low efficiency, long cycles, and high labor intensity. Inconsistent sowing methods among different personnel lead to poor stability and low accuracy in the sowing process, severely impacting the quality of breeding trials and the reliability of data collection. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a high-performance, standardized, and agronomically integrated precision seeder for rice plot breeding.

[0003] The seed metering device is the core component of a seeder, determining its final operational performance. Developing a dedicated single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding is a crucial approach to solving the aforementioned problems in plot breeding seeding systems. Currently, considering the agronomical model of frequent seed changes, automatic seed unloading, and precision seeding required in rice plot breeding field sowing experiments, the inventors have discovered that a single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding needs to have backup seed supply, single-seed sowing, and self-cleaning functions for excess seeds. Furthermore, it should also have active seed changing and continuous seed supply functions, taking into account the characteristic of sowing multiple rice varieties in a single plot experiment.

[0004] Currently available rice breeding seed metering devices on the market are still mainly semi-automatic manual seed changing, which has low operating efficiency, high labor costs, and a low single-seed seeding qualification rate, resulting in seed waste during the breeding process. For example, a rice breeding plot precision seed metering device disclosed in CN114747338 A, although adopting a cam automatic seed changing mode, has low automatic control accuracy and seed changing efficiency, lacks an automatic seed unloading system, and is prone to errors in the sowing order of different rice varieties during manual seed supply operations, increasing the extra burden on the breeding process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic suction-type single-grain precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding that can actively change seeds and automatically unload seeds, thereby meeting the technical requirements of frequent seed changing, automatic seed supply, rapid seed cleaning, and prevention of mixed seeds during the plot breeding sowing process.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A pneumatic rice plot breeding single-seed precision seed metering device with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading includes: a seed changing mechanism for storing and changing seeds, a seed metering mechanism for discharging seeds, and a seed unloading mechanism for cleaning and storing remaining seeds; the seed changing mechanism has an openable and closable seed drop port, and the seed metering mechanism has a seed inlet, a seed discharge port, and an openable and closable seed unloading port, with the seed inlet located in the seed filling chamber and the seed unloading port located at the lower end of the seed filling chamber; the seed unloading mechanism includes a remaining seed collection box; the seed changing mechanism is located above the seed metering mechanism, and the seed drop port is connected to the seed inlet; the seed unloading mechanism is located below the seed metering mechanism, and the remaining seed collection box catches the seeds falling from the seed unloading port.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the seed-changing mechanism includes a seed box, a seed-changing tray, an identification module, a first drive unit, a second drive unit, a seed-changing tray base, and a seed-filling slide. The seed-changing tray is annular and has n seed box slots arranged in a ring. The seed box on the seed-changing tray corresponds one-to-one with the seed box slots. The seed-changing tray can load n different varieties of seeds according to the requirements of the plot breeding experiment to achieve the goal of continuous operation of the plot breeding experiment. The seed-changing tray base is disc-shaped and has a seed-dropping opening. The second drive unit drives the seed-changing tray to rotate relative to the seed-changing tray base, so that the seed box slots are aligned with the seed-dropping opening one by one. The first drive unit includes a baffle that opens or closes the seed-dropping opening and is installed on the seed-changing tray base. The seed-filling slide is located between the seed-dropping opening and the seed inlet. The identification module is used to identify the seed boxes, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

[0009] As a preferred option, a QR code is affixed to the seed box, and the recognition module identifies the QR code information.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the first drive unit includes a rack, a gear, a servo bracket, and a first servo; the first servo is mounted on the servo bracket, which is mounted on the seed changer base; the gear is fixedly connected to the first servo, the first servo drives the gear to rotate, the gear drives the rack to move linearly, and the rack drives the baffle to move horizontally.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the baffle and the rack are an integral structure, with the baffle located at one end of the rack, and the baffle and the rack forming an "L" shape.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the second drive unit includes a motor flange, a motor gear, a motor bracket, and a motor; the motor is mounted on the motor bracket, and the motor bracket is mounted on the seed changing disc base; the motor gear is fixedly connected to the motor flange and rotates synchronously with the motor shaft; the seed changing disc is provided with a toothed notch that meshes with the motor gear for transmission.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the seed metering mechanism includes a pneumatic seed metering device body and a seed filling chamber inclined surface. The seed filling chamber inclined surface is disposed within the pneumatic seed metering device body to separate the seed filling chamber. The seed filling chamber inclined surface includes a first inclined surface, a second inclined surface, and a third inclined surface. The lower end of the first inclined surface is connected to the upper end of the second inclined surface. The angle between the first inclined surface and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the second inclined surface and the horizontal plane. The first and second inclined surfaces separate a seed filling chamber that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The side of the third inclined surface is connected to the side of the second inclined surface to form a downwardly narrowing space. The seed discharge port is formed at the lower end of the second and third inclined surfaces.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the air suction seed metering device includes a rotating seed suction plate with multiple seed suction holes arranged in a ring shape, the diameter of which is 1.4cm-1.6cm.

[0015] As a preferred option, the air-suction seed metering device has an infrared sensor mounting hole on its body, and the infrared sensor that senses whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber is installed in the infrared sensor mounting hole.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the seed unloading mechanism also includes a second servo motor, a servo disk, a seed unloading plate, and an infrared sensor; the second servo motor is installed on the seed discharging mechanism and is connected to the seed unloading plate through the servo disk to drive the seed unloading plate to swing and open or close the seed unloading port; the infrared sensor is installed in the seed discharging mechanism to detect whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber to determine the opening or closing state of the seed unloading port.

[0017] The principle of this invention is:

[0018] By combining the seed-changing mechanism, seed-discharging mechanism, and seed-unloading mechanism, the precision of precision seeding technology in rice plot breeding is improved through active seed changing, continuous seed supply, and automatic seed cleaning. This meets the agronomical requirements for preventing mixed seeding during the rice plot breeding seeding operation, improves the operational efficiency of the rice plot breeding process, and avoids potential experimental errors caused by artificial breeding.

[0019] The seed-changing mechanism is designed as a rotary type, and the identification module reads the seed information in the seed box to accurately change the seeds.

[0020] The seed dispensing mechanism was optimized by incorporating a sloping seed filling chamber, which allows rice seeds to accumulate together, improving the seed absorption rate. Connecting the sloping filling chamber with the seed discharge port at the bottom ensures complete seed removal without residue. Positioning the upper end of the first sloping chamber close to the seed suction hole ensures that any fallen seeds will only return to the filling chamber, preventing them from falling outside and causing incorrect seed distribution, which is crucial for precise seed quantity control in small-plot breeding.

[0021] The seed unloading mechanism is designed with infrared sensors to detect whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber and to control the opening or closing of the seed unloading port based on the detection results, so as to achieve reliable seed unloading and ensure the normal progress of the next round of seed plot breeding.

[0022] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. Combining active seed replacement, continuous seed supply, and automatic seed cleaning functions, it is suitable for the agronomic requirements of small-scale breeding.

[0024] 2. A rotary seed-changing mechanism is designed, which has a simple structure and makes seed replacement convenient and quick.

[0025] 3. By combining the recognition module with the QR code, the location information of the seed box and the seed information inside the seed box can be obtained.

[0026] 4. An inclined seed filling chamber is added to the seed metering mechanism, dividing the chamber into a structure that gradually converges from top to bottom. This allows rice seeds to accumulate together, improving the seed absorption rate. The combination of the inclined filling chamber and the seed suction tray increases the single-seed sowing qualification rate and reduces seed waste during the breeding process. Simultaneously, the structure of the inclined filling chamber and the seed discharge port at the bottom ensures complete seed removal without residue.

[0027] 5. In the seed filling chamber, the first slope extends to a position close to the annular path of the seed suction hole to prevent seeds from falling into other places outside the seed filling chamber and causing incorrect sowing.

[0028] 6. It adopts a swing-opening and closing seed unloading mechanism, which is simple in structure and easy to operate. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic rice plot breeding single-grain precision seed metering device that can actively change seeds and automatically unload seeds.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanism for changing the type of equipment.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first drive unit.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second drive unit.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seed changing disc.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the base of the seed changing disc.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the seed metering mechanism.

[0036] Figure 8a and Figure 8b A schematic diagram of the structure of the air-filled seed shell.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of seed adsorption on the seed suction tray.

[0038] Figure 10a and Figure 10b This is a schematic diagram of the air suction housing of the seed metering mechanism.

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the seed unloading mechanism.

[0040] Figure 12a This is a schematic diagram of the seed unloading plate in its closed state.

[0041] Figure 12b This is a schematic diagram showing the seed unloading plate in the open position.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of a pneumatic rice plot breeding single-grain precision seed metering device that can actively change and automatically unload seeds.

[0043] Among them, 1 is the seed changing mechanism; 2 is the seed discharging mechanism; and 3 is the seed unloading mechanism.

[0044] 11 is the seed box; 12 is the seed changing tray; 13 is the identification module; 14 is the first drive unit; 15 is the second drive unit; 16 is the seed changing tray base; 17 is the seed filling slide; 121 is the toothed notch; 122 is the seed box slot; 141 is the rack; 142 is the gear; 143 is the servo motor bracket; 144 is the first servo motor; 151 is the motor flange; 152 is the motor gear; 153 is the motor bracket; 154 is the motor; 161 is the seed drop port; 162 is the guide rail.

[0045] 21 is the seed filling housing; 22 is the bearing; 23 is the seed discharging shaft flange; 24 is the seed discharging shaft; 25 is the seed suction plate; 26 is the bushing; 27 is the air suction housing; 28 is the seed cleaning brush; 29 is the seed discharging baffle; 211 is the seed inlet; 212 is the inclined surface of the seed filling chamber; 213 is the seed discharging port; 214 is the infrared sensor mounting hole; 251 is the rice seed; 252 is the seed suction hole; 271 is the air chamber; 272 is the negative pressure port; 273 is the positive pressure port; 274 is the seed cleaning brush mounting hole; 275 is the second servo motor mounting hole; 212-1 is the first inclined surface; 212-2 is the second inclined surface; 212-3 is the third inclined surface.

[0046] 31 is the second servo motor; 32 is the servo disc; 33 is the seed unloading plate; 34 is the infrared sensor; 35 is the seed collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, specific embodiments will be described in detail below. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention; however, they are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements to the present invention without departing from its conceptual framework, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are common technical terms in the field of this invention and have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0049] A pneumatic suction-type precision seed metering device for single-seed rice plot breeding that can actively change seeds and automatically unload seeds, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a seed exchange mechanism for storing and replacing seeds, a seed discharging mechanism for discharging seeds, and a seed unloading mechanism for cleaning and storing remaining seeds; the seed exchange mechanism has an openable and closable seed drop port, the seed discharging mechanism has a seed inlet, a seed discharge port, and an openable and closable seed unloading port, the seed inlet is located in the seed filling chamber, and the seed unloading port is located at the lower end of the seed filling chamber; the seed unloading mechanism includes a remaining seed collection box; the seed exchange mechanism is located above the seed discharging mechanism, and the seed drop port is connected to the seed inlet; the seed unloading mechanism is located below the seed discharging mechanism, and the remaining seed collection box catches the seeds falling from the seed unloading port.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the seed-changing mechanism includes a seed box, a seed-changing disc, an identification module, a first drive unit, a second drive unit, a seed-changing disc base, and a seed-filling slide. The seed-changing disc is annular, and has multiple seed box slots arranged in a circular pattern. Figure 5As shown, the seed changing tray is equipped with seed boxes that correspond one-to-one with the seed box slots; the base of the seed changing tray is disc-shaped and has a seed dropping opening; a second drive unit drives the seed changing tray to rotate relative to the seed changing tray base, so that the seed box slots are aligned with the seed dropping opening one by one; the first drive unit includes a baffle that opens or closes the seed dropping opening, and the first drive unit is mounted on the seed changing tray base; a seed filling slide is located between the seed dropping opening and the seed inlet; an identification module is used to identify the seed boxes. The seed filling slide has mounting holes and is fixed to the seed dispensing mechanism by bolts.

[0051] A QR code is affixed to the seed box, and the recognition module identifies the QR code information.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the first drive unit includes a rack, a gear, a servo bracket, and a first servo; the first servo is mounted on the servo bracket, which is mounted on the seed changer base; the gear is fixedly connected to the first servo, the first servo drives the gear to rotate, the gear drives the rack to move linearly, and the rack drives the baffle to move horizontally.

[0053] The baffle and rack are integrated into one structure, with the baffle located at one end of the rack. The baffle and rack form an "L" shape. A guide groove is provided below this integrated structure, which cooperates with the guide rail on the seed changing tray base to guide and assist the baffle in translation. The baffle is positioned above the seed inlet and directly below the seed box slot.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the second drive unit includes a motor flange, a motor gear, a motor bracket, and a motor; the motor is mounted on the motor bracket, and the motor bracket is mounted on the seed changing disc base; the motor gear is fixedly connected to the motor flange and rotates synchronously with the motor shaft; the seed changing disc is provided with a toothed notch that meshes with the motor gear for transmission.

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, the seed metering mechanism includes a pneumatic seed metering device body and a seed filling chamber inclined surface. The seed filling chamber inclined surface is disposed within the pneumatic seed metering device body to separate the seed filling chamber. The seed filling chamber inclined surface includes a first inclined surface, a second inclined surface, and a third inclined surface. The lower end of the first inclined surface is connected to the upper end of the second inclined surface. The angle between the first inclined surface and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the second inclined surface and the horizontal plane. The first and second inclined surfaces separate a seed filling chamber that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The side of the third inclined surface is connected to the side of the second inclined surface to form a downwardly narrowing space. The seed discharge port is formed at the lower end of the second and third inclined surfaces.

[0056] The air-suction seed metering device body is existing technology. This invention improves upon the existing air-suction seed metering device by adding a sloped filling chamber and a seed discharge port, making it suitable for small-plot breeding. The air-suction seed metering device body includes a filling housing, bearings, a seed metering shaft flange, a seed metering shaft, a seed suction plate, a bushing, an air suction housing, a seed cleaning brush, and a seed metering baffle. The filling housing has positioning holes and is fixed to the seed changing mechanism by bolts; the seed metering shaft flange is fixed to the seed suction plate, and the seed metering shaft can drive the seed suction plate to rotate. The filling housing has a seed inlet, a sloped filling chamber, a seed discharge port, and an infrared sensor mounting hole; rice seeds in the seed box enter the filling housing through the seed inlet; the sloped filling chamber allows the rice seeds to accumulate together, improving the seed absorption rate; the rice seeds in the filling housing are discharged from the seed discharge port through the seed metering baffle; the infrared sensor mounting hole is used to install an infrared sensor. The seed metering tray has seed suction holes to adsorb rice seeds inside the seed filling shell, achieving single-seed adsorption and single-seed metering. The air suction shell has an air chamber, a negative pressure port, a positive pressure port, a seed cleaning brush mounting hole, and a second servo motor mounting hole. The negative pressure port is used to connect to the negative pressure end of an external fan, generating negative pressure in the air chamber to adsorb rice seeds at the seed suction holes. The positive pressure port is used to connect to the positive pressure end of an external fan, generating positive pressure to blow rice seeds passing through the positive pressure port off. The seed cleaning brush mounting hole is used to install the seed cleaning brush. The second servo motor mounting hole is used to install the second servo motor. The seed cleaning brush is installed on the air suction shell and is used to clean the seeds adsorbed in the seed suction tray. The seed filling shell has positioning holes and is fixed to the seed changing mechanism by bolts.

[0057] The air suction seed metering device includes a rotating seed suction plate with multiple seed suction holes arranged in a ring shape, the diameter of which is 1.4cm-1.6cm.

[0058] The air-suction seed metering device has an infrared sensor mounting hole on its main body. An infrared sensor that senses whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber is installed in the infrared sensor mounting hole.

[0059] like Figure 11 As shown, the seed unloading mechanism also includes a second servo motor, a servo disk, a seed unloading plate, and an infrared sensor. The second servo motor is installed on the seed discharging mechanism and is connected to the seed unloading plate through the servo disk to drive the seed unloading plate to swing and open or close the seed unloading port. The infrared sensor is installed in the seed discharging mechanism to detect whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber, so as to determine the opening or closing state of the seed unloading port.

[0060] The working process of the above-mentioned air-suction rice plot breeding single-seed precision seed metering device, which can actively change seeds and automatically unload seeds, is as follows:

[0061] Step 1: Before sowing, put the rice seeds into the seed box and then attach the corresponding QR code to the seed box.

[0062] Step 2: After sowing begins, the recognition module will first identify the QR code information on the seed box. When the identified information matches the information of the sown rice seed, the first servo motor will activate. Driven by the first servo motor, the rack will move, and at the same time, the seeds in the seed box will enter the filling chamber of the filling shell through the seed dropper on the seed changing tray base. When the identified information does not match the information of the sown rice seed, the motor will activate. Driven by the motor, the seed metering tray will rotate, switch to the next seed box, and repeat the recognition process.

[0063] Step 3: In the seed filling chamber, the seeds adhere to the suction holes on the seed suction plate under the negative pressure environment of the air chamber and rotate with the suction plate. When passing through the positive pressure port, they are blown away from the suction holes by the positive pressure and discharged from the seed discharge port, completing the seed discharge process. To address the issue of small quantities of rice seeds required for rice plot breeding, and the difficulty of absorbing all seeds with the large structure of conventional seed metering devices, a structural design for the seed filling chamber was implemented. The inclined design of the seed filling chamber allows the rice seeds to accumulate at the suction holes, thereby improving the seed absorption rate.

[0064] Step 4: Once the sowing of a plot is complete, the second servo motor activates, opening the seed unloading plate. The remaining seeds in the seed filling chamber are then drawn into the seed collection box by gravity. A diagram illustrating the seed unloading plate's operation is shown below. Figure 12a and Figure 12b As shown. When seeds are present in the seed filling chamber, the light emitted by the infrared sensor is reflected back by the seeds. When the infrared sensor no longer receives reflected light (at which point the seeds have completely fallen from the seed filling chamber), the second servo motor activates, controlling the seed unloading plate to close. This completes the seed filling and unloading process for one seed box. Then, the seed changing tray rotates to begin the seed filling and unloading process for the next seed box, and the cycle continues.

[0065] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading, characterized in that, include: The system includes a seed exchange mechanism for storing and replacing seeds, a seed discharging mechanism for discharging seeds, and a seed unloading mechanism for cleaning and storing remaining seeds. The seed exchange mechanism has an openable and closable seed drop port, and the seed discharging mechanism has a seed inlet, a seed discharge port, and an openable and closable seed unloading port. The seed inlet is located in the seed filling chamber, and the seed unloading port is located at the lower end of the seed filling chamber. The seed unloading mechanism includes a remaining seed collection box. The seed exchange mechanism is located above the seed discharging mechanism, and the seed drop port is connected to the seed inlet. The seed unloading mechanism is located below the seed discharging mechanism, and the remaining seed collection box catches the seeds falling from the seed unloading port. The seed-changing mechanism includes a seed box, a seed-changing tray, an identification module, a first drive unit, a second drive unit, a seed-changing tray base, and a seed-filling slide. The seed-changing tray is circular and has n seed box slots arranged in a ring. Each slot is equipped with a seed box, and the tray can hold n different varieties of seeds according to the requirements of a small-plot breeding experiment, enabling continuous operation of the experiment. The seed-changing tray base is disc-shaped and has a seed-dropping opening. The second drive unit drives the seed-changing tray to rotate relative to the base, aligning each seed box slot with the seed-dropping opening. The first drive unit includes a baffle that opens or closes the seed-dropping opening and is mounted on the seed-changing tray base. The seed-filling slide is located between the seed-dropping opening and the seed inlet. The identification module identifies the seed boxes, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3. The first drive unit includes a rack, a gear, a servo bracket, and a first servo; the first servo is mounted on the servo bracket, which is mounted on the seed changer base; the gear is fixedly connected to the first servo, the first servo drives the gear to rotate, the gear drives the rack to move linearly, and the rack drives the baffle to move horizontally. The baffle and rack are an integral structure, with the baffle located at one end of the rack, and the baffle and rack forming an "L" shape.

2. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A QR code is affixed to the seed box, and the recognition module identifies the QR code information.

3. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second drive unit includes a motor flange, a motor gear, a motor bracket, and a motor; the motor is mounted on the motor bracket, and the motor bracket is mounted on the seed changing disc base; the motor gear is fixedly connected to the motor flange and rotates synchronously with the motor shaft; the seed changing disc is provided with a toothed notch that meshes with the motor gear for transmission.

4. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The seed metering mechanism includes a pneumatic seed metering device body and a seed filling chamber inclined surface. The seed filling chamber inclined surface is located inside the pneumatic seed metering device body to separate the seed filling chamber. The seed filling chamber inclined surface includes a first inclined surface, a second inclined surface, and a third inclined surface. The lower end of the first inclined surface is connected to the upper end of the second inclined surface. The angle between the first inclined surface and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the second inclined surface and the horizontal plane. The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface separate a seed filling chamber that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The side of the third inclined surface is connected to the side of the second inclined surface to form a downwardly narrowing space. The seed discharge port is formed at the lower end of the second and third inclined surfaces.

5. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The air suction seed metering device includes a rotating seed suction plate with multiple seed suction holes arranged in a ring shape, the diameter of which is 1.4cm-1.6cm.

6. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The air-suction seed metering device has an infrared sensor mounting hole on its main body. An infrared sensor that senses whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber is installed in the infrared sensor mounting hole.

7. A pneumatic suction-type single-seed precision seed metering device for rice plot breeding with active seed changing and automatic seed unloading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The seed unloading mechanism also includes a second servo motor, a servo disc, a seed unloading plate, and an infrared sensor. The second servo motor is installed on the seed discharging mechanism and is connected to the seed unloading plate through the servo disc to drive the seed unloading plate to swing and open or close the seed unloading port. The infrared sensor is installed in the seed discharging mechanism to detect whether there are seeds in the seed filling chamber, so as to determine the opening or closing state of the seed unloading port.

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