A variable row number pneumatic gathering and variable rate fertilizer device and working method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of variable number of fertilization row's pneumatic collection and discharge type variable fertilization device and working method of it belonging to agricultural machinery technical field.The fan outlet of the device is connected with the air-fertilizer mixer inlet through variable diameter joint, electric drive fertilizer device is connected with reflux device, reflux device is connected with the air-fertilizer mixer inlet, air-fertilizer mixer outlet, main conveying pipe, corrugated conveying pipe, distribution device are sequentially connected, distribution device outlet is connected with shunt device inlet through pipeline, shunt device outlet is connected with outlet pipe, shunt device reflux port is connected with reflux device through reflux pipe;Rudder is installed on rudder protection shell through rudder installation component;Rudder protection shell is fixed on the shell of shunt device through bolt, and rudder swings through rudder swing arm control shunt baffle swing.The application can save fertilizer application, promote crop growth, and avoid environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilizer application.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a variable-row pneumatic group-variable fertilizer device and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] More and more researchers are focusing on the research of pneumatic group-variable fertilizer technology. The relevant research results show that reasonable fertilization method and fertilization amount are beneficial to crop growth and yield increase, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. However, due to the backwardness of fertilization technology and device, China has excessive application of chemical fertilizer, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is low, only about 30%. Blind and excessive application of chemical fertilizer leads to lower yield and quality of crops, soil compaction and degradation, decreased fertility, and serious water pollution. The variable fertilization technology can accurately control the fertilizer application amount of each area in farmland, so as to implement effective and scientific fertilization method, effectively promote agricultural production, make agricultural production more efficient and sustainable, and further promote the sustainable development of rural areas. When the wide fertilization machine is working in irregular plots and plot edges, the fertilization row number of the machine is greater than the working row number of the plot, and the machine faces the dilemma of repeated work or no fertilization work.

[0003] The current foreign mainstream pneumatic group-variable fertilizer device mainly uses a distribution device to uniformly distribute fertilizer to each fertilizer unit, and the fertilizer amount of each row is the same, which cannot realize variable fertilization. Chinese patent CN110771328A "Pneumatic group-variable granular fertilizer distribution device" discloses a fertilizer variable distribution device, which can output two layers of fertilizer with different fertilization amounts according to the needs of crop growth, but the device is manually adjusted by a handle, and cannot be dynamically adjusted during machine operation, and the fertilizer amount of each crop row is the same; Chinese patent CN116420470A "Airflow conveying type seeding machine and sectional control type seed / fertilizer flow guide distribution device thereof" discloses an airflow conveying type seeding machine and sectional control type seed / fertilizer flow guide distribution device thereof, which can realize wide row seeding / fertilization and sectional control of rows. However, the device can only control sectional control and variable seeding of a fixed number of fertilization / seeding rows at a time, and cannot realize independent control of each fertilization row number for variable fertilization. When variable fertilization is performed, the fertilizer amount of each fertilization row cannot be independently changed, which cannot well meet the requirements of variable fertilization technology based on a fertilization prescription map, and the device does not involve the flow control method of the fertilizer discharge device when the row number is changed and variable fertilization is performed.

[0004] Therefore, a variable-row pneumatic group-variable fertilizer device and a working method thereof are needed to realize variable fertilization according to the fertilizer demand of each area of farmland, and solve the problem of repeated work or no work of wide fertilization machine at plot edges. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0006] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0007] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0008] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0009] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0010] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0011] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0012] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0013] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0014] The application aims to provide a variable row number pneumatic cluster variable fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.

[0015] A working method of a variable row number pneumatic collecting and variable rate fertilizer application device, a motor drives an electric drive fertilizer discharge device to control the fertilizer discharge flow, the fertilizer enters a gas-fertilizer mixer together with the fertilizer flowing back through a backflow pipe through a backflow device, under the positive pressure airflow provided by a fan, sequentially passes through a main conveying pipe, a corrugated conveying pipe, a distribution device, a shunt device, a part enters the backflow device through a backflow pipe, and the other part passes through an outlet pipe to a fertilizer application component; when the number of rows of fertilizer application operation is less than the number of fertilizer outlets of the distribution device, the shunt device of the excess number of rows closes the fertilizer application channel by controlling the shunt baffle through a steering engine, and controls the fertilizer to flow back to the backflow device.

[0016] When the working speed of the machine tool is stable, and the number of rows of fertilizer application operation of the fertilizer application machine tool is less than 6, the shunt device of the excess number of rows needs to close the fertilizer application channel by controlling the shunt baffle through a steering engine, and control the fertilizer to flow back to the backflow device, when the electric drive fertilizer discharge device just starts to discharge fertilizer to the fertilizer before reaching the backflow pipe, the fertilizer discharge flow of the electric drive fertilizer discharge device is

[0017] Q1=Q=6Q2

[0018]

[0019] Q3=0

[0020] After time t, the fertilizer flowing back starts to reach the backflow device, and the fertilizer discharge flow of the electric drive fertilizer discharge device is

[0021] Q1=Q-nQ3

[0022] Q2=Q3

[0023] In the formula, Q is the fertilizer flow of the main conveying pipe, g / s; Q1 is the fertilizer discharge flow of the electric drive fertilizer discharge device, g / s; Q2 is the fertilizer flow of the outlet pipe, g / s; Q3 is the fertilizer flow of the backflow pipe, g / s; n is the number of closed fertilizer rows; m is the target fertilizer application amount per unit area, kg / hm 2 ; v is the fertilizer application operation speed, m / s; B is the fertilizer width, m.

[0024] When the fertilizer application operation speed is stable, the electric drive fertilizer discharge device discharges fertilizer at a stable frequency to control the shunt baffle to perform variable rate fertilization, and the fertilizer discharge flow of the electric drive fertilizer discharge device is

[0025] Q1=Q-Q 回流

[0026] In the formula, Q 回流 is the backflow fertilizer flow of the backflow device;

[0027] The fertilizer flow of the outlet pipe of the shunt device leading to the fertilizer application component is

[0028]

[0029] In the formula: d is the width of the flow divider passage, m; L is the length of the swing arm of the flow divider, m; d1 is the width of the fertilizer passage, m; and θ is the angle between the swing arm of the flow divider and the horizontal direction.

[0030] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present application can realize accurate fertilizer discharge, efficient mixing, stable transportation and uniform distribution of air and fertilizer by means of the fan, the electrically-driven fertilizer discharge device, the air-fertilizer mixer, the main conveying pipe, the corrugated conveying pipe and the distribution device.

[0032] 2. The present application adds an independently controllable flow divider between the outlet pipes of the distribution device, controls the flow direction of the fertilizer to the fertilizer application component or the reflux device by means of the steering engine, controls the number of fertilizer application rows during operation, solves the problem of repeated operation or no operation of the wide-width fertilizer application machine at the edge of the field, and makes the operation adaptability of the fertilizer application machine better.

[0033] 3. The flow divider of the present application controls the flow divider by means of the steering engine, can distribute the fertilizer to the fertilizer application component according to different proportions, and the excess fertilizer enters the main conveying pipe again through the reflux device. The brushless motor adjusts the fertilizer discharge flow of the electrically-driven fertilizer discharge device according to the reflux fertilizer flow control of the reflux device, realizes independent control of the fertilizer discharge flow, adjusts the fertilizer discharge flow according to the fertilizer demand of crops and the nutrient situation of the field, and performs variable rate fertilization.

[0034] 4. Compared with the traditional fixed fertilizer application amount, the present application can save fertilizer application, promote crop growth, and avoid environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilizer application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application, a variable-row pneumatic collection and distribution type variable rate fertilizer application device;

[0036] Figure 2 FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electrically-driven fertilizer discharge device of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the flow divider of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flow divider after the side plates and the steering engine protective shell of the flow divider are hidden in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the distribution device of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 FIG. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the reflux device of the present application; and

[0041] Figure 7 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a spiral groove wheel in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 8 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a variable rate fertilization operation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 9 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of fertilizer distribution by a split baffle in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 10 Figure 4 is a structural sectional view of an electrically driven fertilizer discharge device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present application proposes a variable row number pneumatic collection and discharge type variable rate fertilizer application device and a working method thereof, which will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a spiral groove wheel in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrically-driven fertilizer distribution device in the embodiment of the present application, the electrically-driven fertilizer distribution device 4 comprising a fertilizer distributor housing 41, an end cover 42, an electrically-driven fertilizer distribution device mounting plate 43, a fertilizer tank 44, a motor reducer 45, a motor 46, a reducer mounting rack 47, a motor fixing rack 48, a spiral groove wheel 49 (see Figure 7 ), a fertilizer distribution shaft 410 (see Figure 10 ), a bearing 411, a sealing ring 412, as the variable fertilizer distribution requires high accuracy of fertilizer distribution flow, the motor 46 is a brushless motor with accurate speed control; the electrically-driven fertilizer distribution device 4 is bolted to the frame via the electrically-driven fertilizer distribution device mounting plate 43; the motor 46 and the motor reducer 45 are bolted to the fertilizer distributor housing 41 via the reducer mounting rack 47 and the motor fixing rack 48.

[0048] Figure 3 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow splitting device in the embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flow splitting device with the flow splitting device side plate and the rudder protection shell removed in the embodiment of the present application; the flow splitting device 6 comprising a flow splitting device housing 61, a flow splitting device side plate 62, a rudder protection shell 63, a flow splitting baffle 64, a rudder swing arm 65, a rudder mounting component 66, a rudder 67, the flow splitting device housing 61 being provided with a flow splitting device fertilizer inlet 611, a flow splitting device backflow port 612, and a flow splitting device fertilizer outlet 613; the flow splitting device fertilizer inlet 611 is connected to the outlet of the distribution device 5 via a pipeline, the flow splitting device backflow port 612 is connected to the backflow device 3 via a backflow pipe 8, and the flow splitting device fertilizer outlet 613 is connected to an outlet pipe 9 leading to the fertilizer application component; the rudder 67 is bolted to the rudder protection shell 63 via the rudder mounting component 66; the rudder protection shell 63 is bolted to the flow splitting device housing 61, and the rudder 67 controls the left and right swinging of the flow splitting baffle 64 via the rudder swing arm 65, thereby splitting the fertilizer coming from the flow splitting device fertilizer inlet 611; when the flow splitting baffle 64 completely blocks the backflow channel, the fertilizer can only flow to the flow splitting device fertilizer outlet 613, and the fertilizer moves to the fertilizer application component via the fertilizer outlet pipe, at which time the fertilizer application operation is performed; when the flow splitting baffle 64 completely blocks the fertilizer application channel, the fertilizer can only flow to the flow splitting device backflow port 612, and the fertilizer moves to the backflow device 3 via the backflow pipe 8, at which time the fertilizer application channel is closed and the subsequent fertilizer application component does not perform the fertilizer application operation; when the flow splitting baffle 64 proportionally separates the backflow channel cross section and the fertilizer application channel cross section, the fertilizer can be proportionally distributed, and the 6-way fertilizer flow from the distribution device 5 can be independently controlled, thereby achieving real-time control of the fertilizer amount delivered to the fertilizer application component during the operation.

[0049] Figure 5As a sectional view of the distribution device in the embodiment of the present application, the distribution device 5 comprises a distribution device conical cover plate 51 and a distribution device shell 52, and the distribution device shell 52 is provided with a distribution device fertilizer outlet 521, the conical angle of the distribution device conical cover plate 51 is 120°, the 120° conical angle of the distribution device conical cover plate 51 has a smaller influence on the speed reduction of airflow in the distribution process, and can reduce the energy loss in the pneumatic conveying process; the distribution device shell 52 has six fertilizer outlets, and the fertilizer enters the distribution device 5 from the fertilizer inlet and is uniformly discharged from the six distribution device fertilizer outlets 521 of the distribution device 5; the internal structure of the corrugated conveying pipe 7 is a 90° V-shaped groove, the airflow and the fertilizer particles move from bottom to top in the corrugated conveying pipe 7, due to the fact that the diameter of the corrugated conveying pipe 7 continuously increases and decreases in the radial section, the airflow and the fertilizer are subjected to the effects of stretching, compression of the corrugated conveying pipe 7 and rebound of the fertilizer particles touching the wall during the movement in the axial direction, so that the conveying airflow and the fertilizer particles are fully mixed, and finally the fertilizer and the airflow are uniformly mixed.

[0050] Figure 6 As a structural schematic view of the reflux device in the embodiment of the present application, the reflux device 3 is connected with the reflux pipe 8 through six reflux device reflux outlets 22, the fertilizer enters the reflux device reflux cavity 21 through the reflux pipe 8, the reflux device reflux cavity 21 collects the fertilizer of each row of reflux pipes 8, and then sends the fertilizer into the fertilizer inlet of the air-fertilizer mixer 2 again; the fertilizer discharged by the electric drive fertilizer discharge device 4 and the refluxed fertilizer are mixed in the confluence pipe 23, and then flow into the air-fertilizer mixer 2.

[0051] Figure 7 As a structural schematic view of the spiral groove wheel in the embodiment of the present application, Figure 10 As a structural sectional view of the electric drive fertilizer discharge device in the embodiment of the present application, the spiral groove wheel 49 with a spiral structure is adopted, so that two groove recesses 492 of the spiral groove wheel 49 can discharge fertilizer at any position of the spiral groove wheel 49 rotating device, the fertilizer flow fluctuation caused by the spiral groove wheel 49 discharging fertilizer can be avoided, and the discharged fertilizer is continuous and uniform; the spiral groove wheel 49 is matched with the fertilizer discharge shaft 410 through the spiral groove wheel shaft hole 491, the fertilizer discharge shaft 410 is connected with the motor reducer 45; the fertilizer discharge shaft 410 is fixed with the fertilizer discharger shell 41 through the bearings 411 and the end covers 42 on both sides of the fertilizer discharge shaft 410; the sealing rings 412 are installed on both sides of the fertilizer discharge shaft 410, so that the fertilizer powder and the fertilizer powder contacting the fertilizer discharge shaft 410 can be avoided, and the fertilizer discharge shaft 410 is damaged.

[0052] Figure 8Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of variable fertilization operation in the embodiment of the present application; the working method of the pneumatic collecting and discharging type variable fertilization device based on variable fertilization row number is as follows: the fertilization flow rate of the electrically driven fertilization device 4 depends on the rotating speed of the motor 46, and since there is the reflux device 3, the amount of fertilizer entering the gas fertilizer mixer 2 is the sum of the fertilizer discharged by the electrically driven fertilization device 4 and the refluxed fertilizer; it is necessary to adjust the fertilization flow rate of the electrically driven fertilization device 4 according to the refluxed fertilizer flow rate, so that the sum meets the subsequent fertilization requirement; when the working speed of the machine tool is constant and the fertilization row number of the fertilization machine tool is less than 6, the shunt device 6 in the excess row number needs to close the fertilization channel by controlling the shunt baffle with the steering engine, and control the fertilizer to reflux to the reflux device 3; when the electrically driven fertilization device 4 starts to discharge fertilizer to the fertilizer reaching the reflux pipe, the fertilization flow rate of the electrically driven fertilization device 4 is

[0053] Q1=Q=6Q2

[0054]

[0055] Q3=0

[0056] After a certain time t, t is related to the fertilizer conveying speed and the length of the reflux pipe, and the specific value needs to be determined by test; when the reflux pipe is very short, it can be ignored; the refluxed fertilizer starts to reach the reflux device 3; in order to keep the fertilizer flow rate of the outlet unchanged, the fertilization flow rate of the electrically driven fertilization device 4 needs to be changed to

[0057] Q1=Q-nQ3

[0058] Q2=Q3

[0059] In the formula, Q is the fertilizer flow rate of the main conveying pipe 10, g / s; Q1 is the fertilization flow rate of the electrically driven fertilization device 4, g / s; Q2 is the fertilizer flow rate of the outlet pipe 9, g / s; Q3 is the fertilizer flow rate of the reflux pipe 8, g / s; n is the closed fertilization row number; m is the unit area target fertilization amount required by agriculture, kg / hm 2 ; v is the fertilization working speed, m / s; B is the fertilization width, m.

[0060] When the fertilization working speed is constant, the shunt baffle 64 is controlled at a certain frequency to carry out variable fertilization, the field is divided into grids according to the measured nutrient condition of the field before operation, and the nutrients of the field are marked in the grids; the fertilization amount in each grid is calculated according to the growth needs of the crops at the current stage; the fertilizer flow rate of the outlet 521 of the distribution device remains unchanged during the fertilization operation; 5 represents the maximum fertilization amount, and at this time, the fertilizer flowing out of the outlet of the distribution device is all applied to the field; when the number marked in the grid is less than 5, the excess fertilizer needs to be guided to the reflux device 3 by controlling the shunt baffle 64 with the steering engine 67; the fertilization flow rate of the electrically driven fertilization device 4 is adjusted by dynamically controlling the motor 46 according to the total flow rate change of the six-way refluxed fertilizer of the reflux device 3, so that the fertilizer flow rate of the main conveying pipe 10 remains unchanged, and meets

[0061] Q1 = Q - Q 回流

[0062] In the formula: Q 回流 is the fertilizer flow of the return device 3.

[0063] Figure 9 is a fertilizer distribution schematic of the distribution baffle in the embodiment of the application; the distribution device 6 mainly controls the distribution baffle 64 to swing to distribute the fertilizer through the steering wheel 67, and the fertilizer flow of the outlet pipe leading to the fertilizing component is

[0064]

[0065] In the formula: d is the width of the channel section of the distribution device, m; L is the length of the swing arm of the distribution baffle, m; d1 is the width of the fertilizing channel section, m; and θ is the included angle between the swing arm of the distribution baffle and the horizontal direction, (°).

[0066] The application can apply the fertilizer according to the actual situation of the fertilizer required by the plot measured in the early stage, change the fertilizing amount of each fertilizing row every certain distance, the higher the frequency of change is, the higher the variable fertilizing progress is, and finally the fertilizer distribution of the whole plot is uniform, compared with the traditional fixed fertilizing amount application, the application can save the fertilizer application, promote the growth of crops, and avoid environmental pollution caused by excessive application of fertilizer.

Claims

1. A variable rate fertilizer applicator of the pneumatic gathering and variable rate type, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of variable rate fertilizer distribution device, including fan (1), gas fertilizer mixer (2), backflow device (3), electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4), distribution device (5), shunt device (6), corrugated pipe (7), backflow pipe (8), outlet pipe (9) and main conveying pipe (10);The distribution device (5) includes distribution device conical cover plate (51) and distribution device shell (52), and distribution device shell (52) is provided distribution device fertilizer outlet (521);The shunt device (6) includes shunt device shell (61), shunt device side plate (62), rudder protection shell (63), shunt baffle (64), rudder swing arm (65), rudder mounting part (66), rudder (67);The shunt device shell (61) is provided with shunt device fertilizer inlet (611), shunt device backflow port (612), shunt device fertilizer outlet (613); Wherein, the air outlet of fan (1) is connected with the air inlet of gas fertilizer mixer (2) through reducing joint, electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4) is connected with backflow device (3), backflow device (3) is connected with the fertilizer inlet of gas fertilizer mixer (2), the fertilizer outlet of gas fertilizer mixer (2), main conveying pipe (10), corrugated pipe (7), distribution device (5) are sequentially connected, distribution device fertilizer outlet (521) is connected with shunt device fertilizer inlet (611) through pipeline, shunt device fertilizer outlet (613) is connected with outlet pipe (9), shunt device backflow port (612) is connected with backflow device (3) through backflow pipe (8);Rudder (67) is installed on rudder protection shell through rudder mounting part (66);Rudder protection shell is fixed on the shell of shunt device (6) through bolt, and rudder (67) controls shunt baffle (64) swing through rudder swing arm (65); When electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4) just starts to distribute fertilizer, the fertilizer reaches backflow pipe (8) before, and the fertilizer distribution flow of electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4) is ， ， ， After time t, the fertilizer of backflow starts to reach backflow device (3), and the fertilizer distribution flow of electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4) is ， ， In the formula: Q is the fertilizer flow of the main conveying pipe (10), g / s; Q1 is the fertilizer flow of the electrically driven fertilizer delivery device (4), g / s; Q2 is the fertilizer flow of the outlet pipe (9), g / s; Q3 is the fertilizer flow of the return pipe (8), g / s; n is the number of closed fertilizer application rows; m is the target fertilizer application amount per unit area, kg / hm 2 ; v is the fertilizer application speed, m / s; B is the fertilizer application width, m; When the speed of fertilization operation is stable, the fertilizer distribution flow of electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4) is ， In the formula: Q 回流 is the return flow of the return flow device (3) The fertilizer flow of outlet pipe (9) of shunt device (6) leading to fertilization component is ， ， In the formula, d is the width of the channel of shunt device (6), m, L is the length of the swing arm of shunt baffle (64), m, d1 is the width of the fertilizer distribution channel, m, and θ is the angle between the swing arm of shunt baffle (64) and the horizontal direction.

2. The variable row unit pneumatic grouping variable rate fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein, The electric drive fertilizer distribution device (4) includes fertilizer distributor shell (41), end cover (42), electric drive fertilizer distribution device mounting plate (43), fertilizer tank (44), motor reducer (45), motor (46), reducer mounting bracket (47), motor fixing frame (48), spiral groove wheel (49), fertilizer distribution shaft (410), bearing (411), sealing ring (412) The motor (46) is connected with the motor reducer (45), the motor reducer (45) is installed on the fertilizer distributor housing (41) through the reducer mounting frame (47) and the motor fixing frame (48); the spiral groove wheel (49) is provided with a spiral groove wheel shaft hole (491) and a groove wheel recess (492); the spiral groove wheel (49) is matched with the fertilizer discharge shaft (410) through the spiral groove wheel shaft hole (491), the fertilizer discharge shaft is connected with the motor reducer (45); the fertilizer tank (44) is fixedly connected with the electric drive fertilizer discharge device mounting plate (43); the end cover (42) and the electric drive fertilizer discharge device mounting plate (43) are fixed on two surfaces of the fertilizer distributor housing (41) respectively; the fertilizer discharge shaft (410) is fixed with the fertilizer distributor housing (41) through the bearing (411) and the end cover (42); the sealing ring (412) is installed on both ends of the fertilizer discharge shaft (410).

3. The variable row unit pneumatic grouping variable rate fertilizer applicator of claim 2, wherein, The motor (46) is a brushless motor.

4. The variable row unit pneumatic grouping variable rate fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein, The main conveying pipe (10) is composed of a horizontal conveying pipe, an elbow and a vertical conveying pipe, and the horizontal conveying of the fertilizer changes into vertical upward conveying after the elbow.

5. The variable row unit pneumatic grouping variable rate fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein, The internal structure of the corrugated conveying pipe (7) is a V-shaped groove.

6. The variable row unit pneumatic grouping variable rate fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein, The taper angle of the conical cover plate (51) of the distribution device is 120°.

7. The variable row unit pneumatic grouping variable rate fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein, The number of the fertilizer outlet (521) of the distribution device is six.

8. A method of operating the variable-rate air-bag gathering variable-rate fertilizer applicator of claim 2, wherein, The motor (46) drives the electric drive fertilizer discharge device (4) to control the fertilizer discharge flow, the discharged fertilizer enters the air-fertilizer mixer (2) together with the fertilizer flowing back through the backflow pipe (8) through the backflow device (3), under the positive pressure airflow provided by the fan (1), sequentially passes through the main conveying pipe (10), the corrugated conveying pipe (7), the distribution device (5) and the shunt device (6), part of which enters the backflow device (3) through the backflow pipe (8), and the other part passes through the outlet pipe (9) to the fertilization component; when the number of rows of fertilization operation is less than the number of the fertilizer outlet (521) of the distribution device, the excess number of rows of the shunt device (6) closes the fertilization channel by controlling the shunt baffle (64) through the steering engine (67), and controls the fertilizer to flow back to the backflow device (3).

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the number of rows is variable. When the machine operation speed is stable, and the number of rows of fertilization operation of the fertilizer applicator is less than six, the excess number of rows of the shunt device (6) closes the fertilization channel by controlling the shunt baffle (64) through the steering engine (67), and controls the fertilizer to flow back to the backflow device (3).

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