Multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method and control system for single-headed tunnel

Abstract

A method and control system for multi-mode fusion and multi-point precise ventilation of a single-headed tunnel, the control system comprises an exhaust system E and an air supply system S, the air supply system S comprises a lateral air supply system S 横 And longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The invention consists of two parts to achieve precise ventilation of different areas of the tunnel; the invention adopts a multi-mode ventilation strategy, adopts different ventilation modes according to the needs of different working areas, and adopts a rapid discharge concept for centralized and precise ventilation in dusty areas, which effectively solves the problem of dusty air diffusion. The lateral ventilation system can realize uniform fresh air delivery in the entire tunnel, maintain positive pressure in the tunnel, and appropriately maintain negative pressure in the centralized ventilation section to prevent dusty wind flow. The method of multiple fans in series relay is adopted to improve the long-distance air transportation capacity and reduce the air leakage of the air duct. A belt-shaped rotating circulating filter is added to keep the filter clean through automatic flushing with high-pressure water, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the ventilation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation ventilation, and in particular to a multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method and control system for a single-ended tunnel. Background Art

[0002] During tunnel construction, especially when facing long-distance tunneling and complex geological conditions, ventilation and dust management have become key factors restricting construction efficiency and working environment quality. These challenges are not only related to construction safety, but also directly affect the overall progress and cost control of the project. The current conventional ventilation strategy has the following significant limitations when facing ultra-long tunnel construction:

[0003] (1) Wind pressure attenuation and ventilation efficiency issues: As the length of the tunnel increases, the wind pressure drops significantly, resulting in low ventilation efficiency at the far end working surface, which is difficult to meet construction needs.

[0004] (2) Poor air flow: When the tunnel itself is used as the main ventilation channel, the large difference in cross-sectional area between the tunnel and the dedicated air duct hinders the flow of air in the tunnel, making it difficult to form an effective air circulation.

[0005] (3) Air quality deterioration: If direct air supply is adopted at the tunnel face, the exhausted polluted air will be retained in the tunnel and cannot be discharged quickly, which will seriously affect the respiratory health and work efficiency of the workers.

[0006] (4) Limitations of the suction scheme: Although face suction can improve local air quality to a certain extent, the air velocity is still insufficient in large-section tunnels, and the ventilation efficiency and effect in key areas are not ideal, especially when faced with multiple dust sources operating simultaneously. In addition, the ventilation cycle is long, affecting the continuity of operations.

[0007] (5) Precision ventilation is difficult to achieve: The existing ventilation system is difficult to achieve precise control and efficient ventilation of dusty areas in the tunnel, resulting in waste of resources and poor ventilation effects.

[0008] (6) Differences in ventilation requirements between construction and operation: The dust concentration during construction is much higher than that during operation. Therefore, the construction ventilation design needs to have higher dust removal efficiency and greater flexibility. It is not possible to directly apply the ventilation system of the tunnel operation stage, especially the horizontal guide ventilation mode.

[0009] (7) Restrictions on the division of wind chambers and wind zones: In the construction of extra-long and deep tunnels, the use of partitions or temporary middle partitions to divide wind zones can improve the ventilation effect to a certain extent. However, these measures also increase the difficulty of construction and may interfere with the normal construction process of the tunnel, affecting the progress of the project.

[0010] Therefore, an innovative and efficient tunnel construction ventilation technology is urgently needed to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties and improve the safety, efficiency and environmental quality of tunnel construction.

[0011] To this end, in view of the above-mentioned defects, the designers of the present invention have conducted intensive research and design, and integrated the experience and achievements of many years in related industries to research and design a multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method and control system for single-headed tunnels to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the invention

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method and control system for a single-headed tunnel, which can effectively overcome the defects of the prior art and improve the safety, efficiency and environmental quality of tunnel construction.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation of a dead-end tunnel, which is arranged in the tunnel and comprises an exhaust system E and an air supply system S. The air supply system S consists of a lateral air supply system S 横 And longitudinal air supply system S 纵 It consists of two parts to achieve precise ventilation of different areas of the tunnel, and is characterized by:

[0014] A centralized ventilation area I is formed at the front end of the tunnel, and the centralized ventilation area I includes the excavation working face and a distance behind the excavation working face. A centralized ventilation area II is formed at the rear end of the centralized ventilation area I. The exhaust system E includes an exhaust pipe extending from the centralized ventilation area I to the outside of the tunnel, and a plurality of self-cleaning filters are arranged in the exhaust pipe at intervals. The horizontal air supply system S in the air supply system S 横 It includes a transverse air supply pipe extending from the outside of the tunnel to the rear of the excavation working face, and a plurality of actuators are arranged on the transverse air supply pipe to form a plurality of transverse air supply channels. 纵 It comprises a longitudinal air supply duct extending from outside the tunnel to the rear of the excavation working face, the longitudinal air supply duct comprises a longitudinal wind I for longitudinally supplying air from the end of the duct toward the excavation working face, thereby, a one-blowing and one-exhaust system is formed by the exhaust system E and the longitudinal supply I to accurately solve the dusty working area I located at the heading face with the highest pollution, and the longitudinal air supply duct forms a longitudinal supply II with an air supply branch at the position of the centralized ventilation area II, and appropriately controls the air intake and exhaust volume of the centralized ventilation area I to form a negative pressure area in the centralized ventilation area I, so that the dusty gas in the centralized ventilation area I is basically sucked out by the exhaust duct, and since there is little dirty gas in the centralized ventilation area II, the ventilation problem of the dusty working area II is accurately solved by the longitudinal supply II; this method can be expanded to the centralized ventilation area n to solve the problem of accurate ventilation of multiple working faces.

[0015] Wherein: a plurality of relay fans connected in series are arranged at intervals on the horizontal air supply pipe and the longitudinal air supply pipe.

[0016] Wherein: the longitudinal air supply system S 纵 Adopt horizontal setting, that is, horizontal air supply system S 横 Horizontal air supply duct and longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The longitudinal air supply ducts are separately arranged and supply air separately.

[0017] Wherein: the longitudinal air supply system S 纵 Adopt vertical setting, that is, horizontal air supply system S 横 Horizontal air supply duct and longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The longitudinal air supply duct is integrated to realize simultaneous air supply, and the actuator is used to supply air horizontally and vertically.

[0018] Wherein: the exhaust duct, the horizontal air supply duct and the longitudinal air supply duct can be made of steel duct or flexible duct.

[0019] Among them: CO sensors, CO2 sensors and temperature sensors are arranged at certain intervals in the tunnel and on each working surface to provide real-time air data feedback. Based on the feedback data, the air volume is adjusted as needed.

[0020] A multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method for a single-headed tunnel is also disclosed, which is characterized in that the specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0021] Step 1: Calculate the required air volume and air pressure in multiple working areas according to the actual needs of the tunnel;

[0022] Step 2: According to the required air volume and air pressure in step 1, determine the "two-supply and one-exhaust" system to form a multi-dimensional tunnel overall ventilation plan; this includes determining the number of horizontal supply channels and air volume, longitudinal supply air volume, and exhaust air volume; and selecting appropriate fans based on the calculation results of the first step combined with the number of ventilation branches, and deciding whether to use multiple fans in series relay; in terms of air duct material, fully consider the air leakage rate, select the appropriate air duct size based on the tunnel cross-section, and fully consider the convenience of installation and disassembly of air duct branches in terms of air duct selection; in terms of exhaust system, select the appropriate number of self-cleaning filters based on the pre-calculated pollutants and dust particle amounts;

[0023] Step 3: After the ventilation system is running, the system's multi-dimensional air volume and fan power are intelligently controlled and adjusted according to the real-time feedback from CO, CO2 and temperature sensors, so as to achieve the energy-saving purpose of not wasting air volume while ensuring ventilation quality, and finally achieve the ventilation effect of multi-mode integration and multi-point precise control.

[0024] Among them: Calculation of required air volume: For each work area, use the following formula to estimate the required air volume Q i =k i ·A i ·V i, where k i is the correction factor; A i is the area of ​​the working area; V i The required wind speed is determined by taking into account factors such as dust concentration and operator density.

[0025] Among them: Wind pressure balance: To ensure the smooth flow of airflow, it is necessary to calculate and adjust the wind pressure P of each ventilation branch. j , so that it satisfies: P in,j is the inlet wind pressure of the jth branch, P out,j is the outlet wind pressure of the jth branch.

[0026] From the above content, it can be seen that the multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method and control system of the dead-end tunnel of the present invention have the following effects:

[0027] 1. Through the combination of longitudinal and transverse ventilation systems, multi-fan series relay mode, the use of air ducts with high air leakage rate requirements and intelligent adjustment of sensor feedback data, accurate ventilation of dusty and dust-free areas can be achieved. This system can effectively solve the ventilation and dust control problems in long-distance tunnel construction and improve tunnel construction efficiency.

[0028] 2. By adopting a multi-mode ventilation strategy, different ventilation modes are adopted according to the needs of different working areas. The dusty area adopts the concept of rapid discharge for centralized and precise ventilation, and the dusty air is prevented from spreading through zoning. For the dust-free area, a multi-point horizontal fresh air supplement method is adopted to achieve relatively uniform air supplementation and ensure the overall air quality of the area. This design effectively solves the problem of dusty air diffusion, and by defining centralized ventilation areas, the air quality of the centralized areas is quickly improved through direct pipe delivery and direct discharge. In addition, the horizontal ventilation system can achieve uniform fresh air delivery in the entire tunnel, maintain positive pressure in the tunnel, and appropriately maintain negative pressure in the centralized ventilation section to prevent dusty wind flow from running wild. The intelligent control system automatically adjusts the air volume of the vents in each area according to the air quality sensed by the sensors in each area, ventilates on demand, and reduces ventilation energy consumption. For long tunnels, a multi-fan series relay method is adopted to improve the long-distance air transmission capacity and reduce the air leakage of the air duct. A belt-shaped rotating circulation filter is added to the exhaust port, and the filter is kept clean by automatic high-pressure water flushing, further improving the efficiency and reliability of the ventilation system.

[0029] The details of the present invention can be obtained from the following description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a ventilation system tunnel showing the method and control system for multi-mode fusion and multi-point precise ventilation of a single-ended tunnel according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2Shows Figure 1 Sectional view (plan view) along the 1-1 direction.

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of multiple wind turbines connected in series is shown in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 A horizontal arrangement of the longitudinal ventilation system of the present invention is shown.

[0034] Figure 5 A longitudinal arrangement diagram of the longitudinal ventilation system of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 6 The operating strategy of the multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation system of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] See also Figures 1 to 6 , showing the multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation method and control system for a single-headed tunnel of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation of the single-headed tunnel is set in the tunnel, and its cross-section diagram is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes an exhaust system E and an air supply system S, wherein the air supply system S is composed of a horizontal air supply system S 横 And longitudinal air supply system S 纵 It consists of two parts to achieve precise ventilation of different areas of the tunnel.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, it is Figure 1 In the cross-sectional view along 1-1, first look at the ventilation system in the longitudinal dimension (tunnel excavation direction). This system can solve the problem of precise ventilation in multiple centralized ventilation areas. A centralized ventilation area I is formed at the front end of the tunnel, and the centralized ventilation area I includes the excavation working face and a distance behind the excavation working face. A centralized ventilation area II is formed at the rear end of the centralized ventilation area I. As shown in the figure, the exhaust system E includes an exhaust duct extending from the centralized ventilation area I to the outside of the tunnel, and a plurality of self-cleaning filters are arranged at intervals in the exhaust duct. The horizontal air supply system S in the air supply system S 横 It includes a transverse air supply pipe extending from the outside of the tunnel to the rear of the excavation working face, and a plurality of actuators are arranged on the transverse air supply pipe to form a plurality of transverse air supply channels (i.e., transverse air supply 1, transverse air supply 2, ... transverse air supply n shown in the figure), and the longitudinal air supply system S 纵It comprises a longitudinal air supply duct extending from outside the tunnel to the rear of the excavation working face, the longitudinal air supply duct comprises a longitudinal wind I for longitudinally supplying air from the end of the duct toward the excavation working face, thereby, a one-blowing and one-exhaust system is formed by the exhaust system E and the longitudinal supply I to accurately solve the dusty working area I located at the heading face with the highest pollution, and the longitudinal air supply duct forms a longitudinal supply II with an air supply branch at the position of the centralized ventilation area II, and appropriately controls the air intake and exhaust volume of the centralized ventilation area I to form a negative pressure area in the centralized ventilation area I, so that the dusty gas in the centralized ventilation area I is basically sucked out by the exhaust duct, and since there is little dirty gas in the centralized ventilation area II, the ventilation problem of the dusty working area II is accurately solved by the longitudinal supply II; this method can be expanded to the centralized ventilation area n to solve the problem of accurate ventilation of multiple working faces.

[0039] Specifically, in the horizontal air supply system S 横 The ventilation strategy is to use multiple branches in the horizontal air supply duct to supply fresh air to solve the air circulation problem of the entire tunnel system. The spacing between horizontal air supply 1 to horizontal air supply n can be designed with unequal spacing according to the ventilation requirements of different tunnels, and different horizontal air supply branches can use different air supply volumes according to the design to achieve uniform ventilation of the entire tunnel.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, for long tunnels, multiple fans can be connected in series to meet the long-distance ventilation needs, that is, multiple relay fans connected in series are arranged at intervals on the horizontal air supply duct and the longitudinal air supply duct.

[0041] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the longitudinal air supply system S 纵 There are two layout options: Figure 4 Shows a horizontal setup, i.e. a horizontal air supply system S 横 Horizontal air supply duct and longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The longitudinal air supply pipes are separately set and supply air separately. Figure 5 Shows a longitudinal arrangement, i.e. a transverse air supply system S 横 Horizontal air supply duct and longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The longitudinal air supply duct is integrated to realize simultaneous air supply, and the actuator is used to supply air horizontally and vertically.

[0042] Among them, the exhaust duct, the horizontal air supply duct and the longitudinal air supply duct can be made of steel air ducts or flexible air ducts with higher air leakage rate requirements.

[0043] Among them, CO sensors, CO2 sensors, temperature sensors and other sensing devices are arranged at certain intervals in the tunnel and on each working surface to provide real-time air data feedback. Based on the feedback data, users can adjust the air volume as needed.

[0044] The present invention also discloses a method for multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation of a single-headed tunnel. Figure 6 As shown, the specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0045] Step 1: Calculate the required air volume and air pressure in multiple working areas according to the actual needs of the tunnel;

[0046] Required air volume calculation: For each work area, the required air volume Q is estimated using the following formula: i =k i ·A i ·V i , where k i is the correction factor; A i is the area of ​​the working area; V i The required wind speed is determined by taking into account factors such as dust concentration and operator density.

[0047] Wind pressure balance: To ensure smooth flow of wind, it is necessary to calculate and adjust the wind pressure P of each ventilation branch. j , so that it satisfies: P in,j is the inlet wind pressure of the jth branch, P out,j is the outlet wind pressure of the jth branch.

[0048] Step 2: According to the required air volume and air pressure in step 1, determine the "two-supply and one-row" (horizontal air supply system S 横 And longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The air supply system and exhaust system E) together form a multi-dimensional tunnel overall ventilation plan; this includes determining the number of horizontal supply channels and air volume, longitudinal supply air volume and exhaust volume; and selecting suitable fans based on the calculation results of the first step combined with the number of ventilation branches, and deciding whether it is necessary to use multiple fans in series relay; in terms of air duct materials, the air leakage rate is fully considered, the appropriate air duct size is selected according to the tunnel cross-section, and the convenience of installation and disassembly of the air duct branches is fully considered in the selection of air ducts; in terms of the exhaust system, the appropriate number of self-cleaning filters is selected based on the pre-calculated pollutants and dust particle amounts.

[0049] Specifically, based on the required air volume and air pressure data obtained in step 1, the following operations are performed:

[0050] 1. Determine the number and air volume of transverse air supply channels: Determine the number and location of transverse air supply channels (transverse air supply 1 to transverse air supply n) according to the size of the tunnel cross section and the layout of the work area. Use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to predict the wind flow distribution and ventilation effect under different channel settings to achieve uniform ventilation throughout the tunnel.

[0051] 2. Calculation of vertical air supply and exhaust volume: Calculate the air volume of the vertical air supply system (vertical supply I and vertical supply II) based on the required air volume of the centralized ventilation area. At the same time, determine the exhaust volume of the exhaust system based on the pollutant diffusion simulation and actual exhaust demand.

[0052] 3. Fan selection and configuration: Select the fan model based on the calculated air volume and air pressure, combined with the fan performance parameters available on the market. If a single fan cannot meet the long-distance ventilation requirements, multiple fans are connected in series to ensure the continuity and efficiency of air flow through the reasonable layout of the relay fans.

[0053] 4. Duct material and size selection: Consider the air leakage rate and cost-effectiveness, and select the appropriate duct material. For steel ducts and flexible ducts, evaluate their applicability and economy. According to the tunnel cross section and ventilation requirements, determine the diameter and length of the duct to ensure that the installation of the duct meets the space and ventilation efficiency requirements.

[0054] 5. Convenient design of duct branches: When designing duct branches, consider the convenience of installation, disassembly and maintenance. The modular design allows the duct branches to be quickly adjusted according to actual ventilation needs.

[0055] 6. Selection and layout of self-cleaning filters: Select the appropriate self-cleaning filter model and quantity based on the predicted amount of pollutants and dust particles. The filters should be evenly distributed in the exhaust system to achieve efficient filtration and automatic cleaning.

[0056] 7. Scheme optimization and simulation verification: Use ventilation system design software to conduct comprehensive simulation verification of the ventilation scheme. Based on the simulation results, the scheme is optimized and adjusted until all design parameters and actual needs are met.

[0057] 8. Safety and energy-saving considerations: In the design of the scheme, the safety and energy-saving of the system are considered. Ensure that the ventilation system can operate stably under various working conditions, and take measures such as variable frequency speed regulation and intelligent control to reduce energy consumption.

[0058] 9. Formulate implementation details: clarify the construction and installation process, operating procedures and maintenance guidelines of the ventilation system to ensure the correct implementation and long-term stable operation of the system.

[0059] Through the above detailed steps, step two will ensure the scientificity, rationality and operability of the "two-delivery and one-exhaust" ventilation scheme, and provide efficient, energy-saving and safe ventilation guarantees for tunnel construction.

[0060] Step 3: After the ventilation system is running, the system's multi-dimensional air volume and fan power are intelligently controlled and adjusted according to the real-time feedback from CO, CO2 and temperature sensors, achieving the energy-saving purpose of not wasting air volume while ensuring ventilation quality, and finally achieving the ventilation effect of multi-mode fusion and multi-point precise control. (According to the air quality sensed by the sensors in each area, the air volume at the vents is automatically adjusted. The sensor data is fed back to the intelligent control system, and the air volume and fan power in each area are adjusted through fuzzy control theory and PID (proportional-integral-differential) control algorithm to ensure the air quality in each area. This system uses sensor network protocols such as Zigbee for data transmission.)

[0061] It can be seen from this that the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0062] 1. Differentiated ventilation strategies, precise response to each work area, the system cleverly distinguishes different work areas in the tunnel, and implements differentiated ventilation modes. For dusty work areas, an efficient and fast centralized emission strategy is adopted to ensure that polluted air is quickly discharged and prevented from spreading; in dust-free areas, multiple points of horizontal air supply are used to evenly replenish fresh air, maintain the overall air quality of the area, and effectively block the invasion of dusty air.

[0063] 2. Fine zoning ventilation to achieve efficient ventilation. By defining multiple centralized ventilation areas and using a direct delivery and direct exhaust pipeline system, rapid ventilation and purification can be directly carried out in polluted areas. Due to the fine division of areas, the required air volume can be accurately controlled, thus achieving a high-efficiency and low-consumption ventilation effect. In addition, the system also supports independent ventilation management of multiple centralized ventilation areas, and flexibly adapts to various operation needs such as excavation areas and shotcrete areas.

[0064] 3. The whole tunnel is evenly supplied with air to maintain the balance of positive and negative pressures. The transverse ventilation system covers the whole tunnel (except the concentrated area) to achieve even air supply and ensure the overall air quality. At the same time, by reasonably controlling the air volume and air pressure, the non-concentrated area of ​​the tunnel is kept in a slightly positive pressure state, forming a dynamic balance with the slightly negative pressure in the concentrated area, effectively isolating the dusty area and preventing air turbulence.

[0065] 4. Intelligently adjust the air volume, save energy and reduce emissions. The system is equipped with advanced sensors and control systems, which can monitor the air quality of each area in real time and automatically adjust the air volume of the vents accordingly to achieve ventilation on demand and significantly reduce energy consumption. This intelligent management not only improves ventilation efficiency, but also significantly reduces energy waste.

[0066] 5. Precise control of wind pressure and wind speed to optimize air flow balance. In terms of wind pressure and wind speed control, this system follows strict principles: the centralized ventilation area maintains a slight negative pressure, and the transverse ventilation area maintains a slight positive pressure to ensure the balance and efficiency of air flow. At the same time, the air volume supplement mechanism in the transverse ventilation area effectively compensates for the air loss caused by the negative pressure in the centralized area, forming a stable slight flow cycle.

[0067] 6. Long tunnels use multiple fans in series to enhance long-distance ventilation capacity. In view of the characteristics of long tunnels, the system uses multiple fans in series to significantly improve the long-distance air transportation capacity. At the same time, by reducing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the air duct, the air leakage is effectively reduced to ensure a win-win situation of ventilation effect and economic benefits.

[0068] 7. Significantly improve ventilation efficiency and ensure construction safety The application of this system, especially the optimized design of the centralized ventilation area, has significantly improved ventilation efficiency. This not only improves the working environment in the tunnel, ensures the health and safety of construction workers, but also improves the overall construction efficiency and quality.

[0069] 8. Environmentally friendly self-cleaning filter, protecting the clean air outside the tunnel. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning filter device added to the exhaust port adopts a belt-shaped rotating circulation design, which can effectively filter dust and prevent pollution of the air outside the tunnel. The dirty filter can automatically rotate to the water tank to receive high-pressure water washing, keeping the filter clean and running efficiently, reflecting the deep concern for environmental protection.

[0070] It is obvious that the above description and record are only examples and are not intended to limit the disclosure, application or use of the present invention. Although the embodiments have been described in the embodiments and described in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific examples of the teachings of the present invention as the best mode currently considered by the drawings and described in the embodiments, and the scope of the present invention will include any embodiment falling within the previous description and the attached claims.

Claims

1. A control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation of a dead-end tunnel, arranged in the tunnel, comprising an exhaust system E and an air supply system S, wherein the air supply system S consists of a lateral air supply system S 横 And longitudinal air supply system S 纵 It consists of two parts to achieve precise ventilation of different areas of the tunnel, and is characterized by: A centralized ventilation area I is formed at the front end of the tunnel, and the centralized ventilation area I includes the excavation working face and a distance behind the excavation working face. A centralized ventilation area II is formed at the rear end of the centralized ventilation area I. The exhaust system E includes an exhaust pipe extending from the centralized ventilation area I to the outside of the tunnel, and a plurality of self-cleaning filters are arranged in the exhaust pipe at intervals. The horizontal air supply system S in the air supply system S 横 It includes a transverse air supply pipe extending from the outside of the tunnel to the rear of the excavation working face, and a plurality of actuators are arranged on the transverse air supply pipe to form a plurality of transverse air supply channels. 纵 It includes a longitudinal air supply pipe extending from the outside of the tunnel to the rear of the excavation working face, and the longitudinal air supply pipe includes a longitudinal wind I for longitudinally supplying air from the end of the pipe toward the excavation working face. Thus, the dusty working area I located at the face with the highest degree of pollution is accurately solved by forming a one-blow-one-exhaust system through the exhaust system E and the longitudinal wind I, and the longitudinal air supply pipe forms a longitudinal wind II with an air supply branch at the position of the centralized ventilation area II, and appropriately controls the air intake and exhaust volume of the centralized ventilation area I, so that the centralized ventilation area I forms a negative pressure area, so that the dusty gas in the centralized ventilation area I is basically sucked out by the exhaust pipe. Since there is little dirty gas in the centralized ventilation area II, the ventilation problem of the dusty working area II is accurately solved by the longitudinal supply II; and it can be extended to the centralized ventilation area n to solve the problem of accurate ventilation of multiple working faces; Multiple relay fans connected in series are installed at intervals on the horizontal and vertical air supply ducts to improve the long-distance air transportation capacity and reduce air leakage in the ducts. Different ventilation modes are adopted according to the needs of different working areas. The dusty area is ventilated in a centralized and precise manner using the concept of rapid discharge, and dusty air is prevented from spreading through zoning. The dust-free area is supplemented with fresh air at multiple points horizontally to achieve relatively uniform air supply and ensure the overall air quality in the dust-free area.

2. The control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation of a dead-end tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal air supply system S 纵 Adopt horizontal setting, that is, horizontal air supply system S 横 Horizontal air supply duct and longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The longitudinal air supply ducts are separately arranged and supply air separately.

3. The control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation of a dead-end tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal air supply system S 纵 Adopt vertical setting, that is, horizontal air supply system S 横 Horizontal air supply duct and longitudinal air supply system S 纵 The longitudinal air supply duct is integrated to realize simultaneous air supply, and the actuator is used to supply air horizontally and vertically.

4. The control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation of a dead-end tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust duct, the transverse air supply duct and the longitudinal air supply duct can be made of steel ducts or flexible ducts.

5. The control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precision ventilation of a dead-end tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: CO sensors, CO2 sensors and temperature sensors are arranged at certain intervals and on each working surface in the tunnel to provide real-time air data feedback. Based on the feedback data, the air volume is adjusted as needed.

6. The precise ventilation method of the control system for multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation of a dead-end tunnel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The specific steps of this method are as follows: Step 1: Calculate the required air volume and air pressure in multiple working areas according to the actual needs of the tunnel; Step 2: According to the required air volume and air pressure in step 1, determine "two supplies and one exhaust" to form a multi-dimensional tunnel overall ventilation plan; this includes determining the number and air volume of the horizontal air supply channels, the air volume of the longitudinal air supply system, and the exhaust volume; and select appropriate fans based on the calculation results of step 1 and the number of ventilation branches, and decide whether it is necessary to use multiple fans in series relay; in terms of air duct material, fully consider the air leakage rate, select the appropriate air duct size according to the tunnel cross section, and fully consider the convenience of installation and disassembly of the air duct branches in terms of air duct selection; in terms of exhaust system, select the appropriate number of self-cleaning filters based on the pre-calculated pollutants and dust particles; Calculation of required air volume: For each work area, the required air volume Q is estimated using the following formula i =k i ·A i ·V i , where k i is the correction factor; A i is the area of ​​the working area; V i The required wind speed takes into account factors such as dust concentration and worker density; Step 3: After the ventilation system is running, the system's multi-dimensional air volume and fan power are intelligently controlled and adjusted according to the real-time feedback from CO, CO2 and temperature sensors, so as to achieve the energy-saving purpose of not wasting air volume while ensuring ventilation quality, and finally achieve the ventilation effect of multi-mode integration and multi-point precise control.

7. The method for multi-mode fusion multi-point precise ventilation of a dead-end tunnel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: Wind pressure balance: To ensure smooth flow of wind, it is necessary to calculate and adjust the wind pressure P of each ventilation branch. j , so that it satisfies: ΔP j =P in,j -P out,j , P in,j is the inlet wind pressure of the jth branch, P out,j is the outlet wind pressure of the jth branch.

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