Quantum error correction code generation method and device, computer device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of computers, and discloses a quantum error correction code generation method and device, computer equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises: in the 0th round, the 1st round, the 2nd round and the 3rd round, measuring a plurality of first type detection operators, measuring a plurality of second type detection operators, measuring a plurality of first type detection operators and measuring a plurality of third type detection operators; in the tth round, determining a tth round measurement result of a tth round stabilizer operator; in the t+1th round, determining a t+1th round measurement result of a t+1th round stabilizer operator; in the t+2th round, determining a t+2th round measurement result of a t+2th round stabilizer operator; and in the t+3th round, determining a t+3th round measurement result of a t+3th round stabilizer operator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of computer technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, computer device, and storage medium for generating quantum error-correcting codes. Background Technology

[0002] The basic unit of quantum information used in quantum computing is the qubit. External environmental factors (such as temperature, electromagnetic fields, and cosmic rays) can destroy the quantum properties of a qubit. Therefore, quantum error-correcting codes are needed to preserve quantum information. Quantum error-correcting codes use multiple data qubits, leveraging quantum entanglement to encode a logical qubit, and protect the logical qubit through continuous error detection and correction. Stable subcodes are widely used quantum error-correcting codes. In a stable subcode, there exists a set of mutually commuting stable suboperators, and errors are detected by measuring these stable suboperators.

[0003] In related technologies, the stable sub-operators involved in stable sub-codes consist of the direct product of four Pauli operators, and the auxiliary qubits need to be coupled with four data qubits. In practical quantum circuits, quantum gates contain noise, and the larger the number of coupled qubits, the higher the error rate; a higher error rate leads to a lower noise tolerance threshold for quantum error-correcting codes. Therefore, improving the noise tolerance threshold of quantum error-correcting codes has become a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, apparatus, computer device, and storage medium for generating quantum error-correcting codes.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for generating quantum error-correcting codes, the method comprising:

[0006] In round 0, multiple first-type detection operators are measured to obtain round 0 measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators. The round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators are obtained by the round 0 measurement results of two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators. The two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators act on different data qubits in two data qubits.

[0007] In the first round, multiple second-type detection operators are measured to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators. The first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators are obtained by the first-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators.

[0008] In the second round, multiple Type I detection operators are measured, and the second round measurement results of multiple Type I detection operators are obtained;

[0009] In the third round, multiple third-type detection operators are measured to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type detection operators. The third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators are obtained through the third-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators.

[0010] In round t, based on the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in round t-1 and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t, the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t is obtained, where t is a multiple of 4;

[0011] In round t+1, based on the round t measurement results of the two first-class detection operators and the round t+1 measurement results of the two second-class detection operators, the round t+1 measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+1 are obtained;

[0012] In round t+2, based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in round t+1 and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2 are obtained.

[0013] In round t+3, based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in round t+2 and the measurement results of the two third-class detection operators in round t+3, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+3 are obtained.

[0014] In one possible implementation, in round 0, multiple type 1 detection operators are measured, and the round 0 measurement results of the multiple type 1 detection operators include:

[0015] The measurement of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k yields the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k. The 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit, where k is one of the total number of first type of detection operators from 0 to 1.

[0016] In the first round, multiple second-type detection operators were measured, and the first-round measurement results for multiple second-type detection operators included:

[0017] In the first round, multiple second-type first detection operators are measured to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type first detection operators, and multiple second-type second detection operators are measured to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type second detection operators. The first-round measurement result corresponding to the 2n-1 second-type first detection operator is the product of the first-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n-1 first data qubit and the first-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n first data qubit. Similarly, the first-round measurement result corresponding to the 2n-1 second-type second detection operator is the product of the first-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n-1 second data qubit and the first-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n second data qubit.

[0018] In the third round, multiple third-type detection operators were measured, and the third-round measurement results for these operators included:

[0019] In the third round, multiple third-type first detection operators are measured to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type first detection operators, and multiple third-type second detection operators are measured to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type second detection operators. Among them, the third-round measurement result of the third-type first detection operator corresponding to 2n is the product of the third-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit. The measurement result of the third-type second detection operator corresponding to 2n is the product of the third-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the third-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

[0020] In one possible implementation, in round t, based on the (t-1)th round measurement results of the two third-type detection operators and the tth round measurement results of the two first-type detection operators, the tth round measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained, including:

[0021] In round t, the product of the (t-1)th round measurement result of the first detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n, the (t-1)th round measurement result of the second detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n, the tth round measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n, and the tth round measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n+1 is taken as the tth round measurement result of the stable sub-operator; and

[0022] In round t+1, based on the round t measurement results of the two first-type detection operators and the round t+1 measurement results of the two second-type detection operators, the round t+1 measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained as follows:

[0023] In round t+1, the product of the round t measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator (2n-1), the round t measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator (2n), the round t+1 measurement result corresponding to the second type of first detection operator (2n-1), and the round t+1 measurement result corresponding to the second type of second detection operator (2n-1) is taken as the round t+1 measurement result of the stable sub-operator; and

[0024] In round t+2, based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in round t+1 and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2 are obtained as follows:

[0025] In round t+2, the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of first detection operator (corresponding to 2n-1), the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of second detection operator (corresponding to 2n-1), the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator (corresponding to 2n-1), and the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator (corresponding to 2n) are multiplied to obtain the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2; and

[0026] In round t+3, based on the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2 and the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in round t+3, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+3 are obtained as follows:

[0027] In round t+3, the product of the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n+1, the measurement results of round t+3 corresponding to the third type of first detection operator of 2n, and the measurement results of round t+3 corresponding to the third type of second detection operator of 2n is taken as the measurement result of round t+3 of the stable sub-operator.

[0028] One possible implementation also includes:

[0029] The product of the i-th round measurement results of multiple second-class first detection operators and the i-th round measurement results of multiple third-class first detection operators is taken as the i-th round measurement result of the logic Z operator, where the i-th round is any round.

[0030] One possible implementation also includes:

[0031] The product of the i-th round measurement results of the two operators in the target operator combination is taken as the i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator. The target operator combination includes: a second operator acting on the j-th first data qubit and a third operator acting on the j-th second data qubit. The i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator is commuted with any detection operator used to obtain the i-th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator.

[0032] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a quantum error-correcting code generation apparatus, the quantum error-correcting code generation apparatus comprising:

[0033] The first measurement unit is used to measure multiple first-type detection operators in round 0 to obtain the round 0 measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators. The round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators are obtained by the round 0 measurement results of two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators. The two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators act on different data qubits in two data qubits.

[0034] The second measurement unit is used to measure multiple second-type detection operators in the first round to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators, wherein the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators are obtained by the first-round measurement results of two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators;

[0035] The third measurement unit is used to measure multiple first-class detection operators in the second round to obtain the second-round measurement results of multiple first-class detection operators;

[0036] The fourth measurement unit is used to measure multiple third-type detection operators in the third round to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type detection operators. The third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators are obtained by the third-round measurement results of two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators.

[0037] The fifth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the t-th round based on the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in the (t-1)-th round and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in the t-th round, where t is a multiple of 4;

[0038] The sixth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+1)th round based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in the (t+1)th round and the measurement results of the two second-class detection operators in the (t+1)th round.

[0039] The seventh measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+2)th round in the (t+1)th round based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in the (t+1)th round and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in the (t+2)th round.

[0040] The eighth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3)th round based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in the (t+2)th round and the measurement results of the two third-class detection operators in the (t+3)th round.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the first measurement unit is further configured to measure the first type of detection operator corresponding to k, obtaining the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k, wherein the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit, wherein k is one of the total number of first type of detection operators from 0; the second measurement unit is further configured to measure multiple second type of first detection operators in the 1st round, obtaining the 1st round measurement result of multiple second type of first detection operators, and to measure multiple second type of second detection operators, obtaining the 1st round measurement result of multiple second type of second detection operators, wherein the 1st round measurement result of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is the product of the 1st round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit and the 1st round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit, for The first round measurement result of the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is: the product of the first round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n-1th second data qubit and the first round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit; the fourth measurement unit is further used to measure multiple third type of first detection operators in the third round to obtain the third round measurement result of multiple third type of first detection operators, and to measure multiple third type of second detection operators to obtain the third round measurement result of multiple third type of second detection operators, wherein the third round measurement result of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit, and the measurement result of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the fifth measurement unit is further configured to, in round t, multiply the measurement results of round t-1 corresponding to the third type of first detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t-1 corresponding to the third type of second detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, and the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n+1, as the measurement result of round t of the stable sub-operator in round t; the sixth measurement unit is further configured to, in round t+1, multiply the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of first detection operator of 2n-1, and the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of second detection operator of 2n-1, as the measurement result of round t+1 of the stable sub-operator in round t+1; The seventh measurement unit is further used in the (t+2)th round to multiply the (t+1)th round measurement results of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the (t+1)th round measurement results of the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, and the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, to obtain the (t+2)th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+2)th round; the eighth measurement unit is further used in the (t+3)th round to multiply the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1, the (t+3)th round measurement results of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n, and the (t+3)th round measurement results of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n, as the (t+3)th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3)th round.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the quantum error-correcting code generation device also includes:

[0044] The logical Z operator measurement result generation unit is used to take the product of the i-th round measurement results of multiple second-type first detection operators and the i-th round measurement results of multiple third-type first detection operators as the i-th round measurement result of the logical Z operator, where the i-th round is any round.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the quantum error-correcting code generation device also includes:

[0046] The logic X operator measurement result generation unit is used to take the product of the i-th round measurement results of the two operators in the target operator combination as the i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator. The target operator combination includes: a second operator acting on the j-th first data qubit and a third operator acting on the j-th second data qubit. The i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator is commuted with any detection operator used to obtain the i-th round measurement result of the i-th round stable sub-operator.

[0047] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment.

[0048] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the methods described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment.

[0049] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0050] The quantum error-correcting code generation method provided in this disclosure allows the determination of any measurement result of any type of detection operator in any round of measurement to be achieved using only the measurement results of the corresponding two operators. Each of the two corresponding operators acts on different data qubits in the corresponding two data qubits. Any auxiliary qubit only needs to be coupled with the corresponding two data qubits. In any round, each auxiliary qubit measures the two operators acting on the corresponding two data qubits to obtain the measurement result of any type of detection operator in any round. This avoids the high error rate problem caused by the auxiliary qubit needing to be coupled with four data qubits, and improves the noise tolerance threshold of the quantum error-correcting code. Since the auxiliary qubit only needs to be coupled with two data qubits, the stable subcode provided in this disclosure can be implemented in a topological superconducting wire system with good noise resistance. By utilizing the noise resistance property of the Majorana zero mode, the fault tolerance rate is improved, which solves the problem that the stable subcode scheme requiring the auxiliary qubit to be coupled with four data qubits cannot utilize this topological quantum system with good noise resistance. The measurement results of the logical qubits can be automatically obtained based on the measurement results of the detection operator, which solves the problem of additional errors caused by the existing stable subcode schemes that require separate measurement of logical qubits in addition to measuring the stable sub-operator. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an example structure to which the quantum error-correcting code generation method provided in this embodiment can be applied;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the quantum error-correcting code generation method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the corresponding operator acting on the corresponding data qubit in the corresponding round measurement.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operator effects that constitute equivalent stable sub-operators;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0058] refer to Figure 1 The diagram illustrates an example structure to which the quantum error-correcting code generation method provided in this embodiment can be applied.

[0059] Figure 1 The black squares shown represent data qubits. Figure 1 The white circles shown represent auxiliary qubits.

[0060] The quantum error-correcting code constructed using the method provided in this disclosure can be called a ladder code. The shape of the crystal lattice can be ladder-shaped.

[0061] A data qubit can be located at a lattice point of a crystal lattice, and an auxiliary qubit can be located in-plane, on-plane, or below-plane of the lattice. The crystal lattice has periodic boundary conditions in the left-right direction.

[0062] An auxiliary qubit is coupled to two data qubits, and the coupling is represented by a semi-circular shape between the auxiliary qubit and the data qubits.

[0063] For each of the two data qubits to which the auxiliary qubit is coupled, the auxiliary qubit can be used to measure the result of any round of measurement of the corresponding operator acting on the data qubit.

[0064] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first data qubit can be denoted as a.

[0065] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the second data qubit can be denoted as b.

[0066] Any first data qubit is located above any second data qubit.

[0067] The number of first data qubits is equal to the number of second data qubits.

[0068] Each first data qubit has a corresponding index, which indicates the position of the first data qubit.

[0069] Each second data qubit has a corresponding index, which indicates the position of the second data qubit.

[0070] Figure 1 The first data qubit a,1, the second data qubit a,2, the third data qubit a,3, the fourth data qubit a,4, the fifth data qubit a,5, and the sixth data qubit a,6 are shown.

[0071] Figure 1 The first second data qubit, b,1, the second second data qubit, b,2, the third second data qubit, b,3, the fourth second data qubit, b,4, the fifth second data qubit, b,5, and the sixth second data qubit, b,6, are shown.

[0072] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first operator can be a Z-type operator. The second operator can be an X-type operator. The third operator can be a Y-type operator.

[0073] Z-type operators can specifically refer to σ. z Operators, specifically X-type operators, can refer to σ. x Operators, specifically Y-type operators, can refer to σ. y Operators.

[0074] refer to Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of the quantum error-correcting code generation method provided in this embodiment.

[0075] In step S201, in round 0, multiple first-class detection operators are measured to obtain the round 0 measurement results of multiple first-class detection operators.

[0076] The zero-round measurement result of the first-type detection operator is obtained by the zero-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the zero-round measurement result of the first-type detection operator. Each of the two operators used to obtain the zero-round measurement result of the first-type detection operator acts on different data qubits in the two data qubits.

[0077] The first type of detection operator can be the product of two operators used to obtain the measurement result of the first type of detection operator in round 0.

[0078] The zero-round measurement result of the first-class detection operator can be the product of the zero-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the zero-round measurement result of the first-class detection operator.

[0079] For a first-type detection operator, each of the two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement result of the first-type detection operator acts on different data qubits in the two data qubits. An auxiliary qubit is coupled to the two data qubits of the two operators used to measure the corresponding round measurement result of the first-type detection operator. In round 0, the two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement result of the first-type detection operator are measured through this auxiliary qubit, thus obtaining the round 0 measurement result of the two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement result of the first-type detection operator.

[0080] In this embodiment of the disclosure, in the 0th round, measuring multiple first-type detection operators and obtaining the 0th round measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators may include: measuring the first-type detection operator corresponding to k and obtaining the 0th round measurement results of the first-type detection operator corresponding to k.

[0081] Where k is one of the total number of detection operators from 0 to the first type.

[0082] The first type of detection operator corresponding to k can be the product of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit.

[0083] The zeroth round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the zeroth round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the zeroth round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit.

[0084] The first operator acting on the k-th first data qubit can be: a Z-type operator acting on the k-th first data qubit.

[0085] The Z-type operator acting on the k-th first data qubit can be denoted as:

[0086] The first operator acting on the k-th second data qubit can be a Z-type operator acting on the k-th second data qubit.

[0087] The first operator acting on the k-th second data qubit can be denoted as:

[0088] The first type of detection operator corresponding to k can be denoted as C1(k).

[0089] in,

[0090] In step S202, in the first round, multiple second-type detection operators are measured to obtain the first round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators.

[0091] The first round measurement result of the second-type detection operator is obtained by the first round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the first round measurement result of the second-type detection operator, which act on different data qubits in two data qubits.

[0092] The first-round measurement result of the second-class detection operator can be: the product of the first-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement result of the second-class detection operator.

[0093] For a second-type detection operator, each of the two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement result of the second-type detection operator acts on different data qubits in the two data qubits. An auxiliary qubit is coupled to the two data qubits of the two operators used to measure the corresponding round measurement result of the second-type detection operator. In the first round, the first-round measurement result of the two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement result of the second-type detection operator is obtained by measuring the first-round measurement result of the two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement result of the second-type detection operator through the auxiliary qubit.

[0094] In the first round, measuring multiple second-type detection operators and obtaining the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators may include: measuring multiple second-type first-type detection operators and obtaining the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type first-type detection operators, and measuring multiple second-type second-type detection operators and obtaining the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type second-type detection operators. The first-round measurement result corresponding to the second-type first-type detection operator of 2n-1 is the product of the first-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit and the first-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit. Similarly, the first-round measurement result corresponding to the second-type second-type detection operator of 2n-1 is the product of the first-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n-1th second data qubit and the first-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit.

[0095] Where n is a positive integer, and n is one of 1 to the preset maximum value.

[0096] The second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 can be the product of the second operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit and the third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit.

[0097] The second detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 can be the product of the third operator acting on the 2n-1th second data qubit and the second operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit.

[0098] The second operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit can be an X-type operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit.

[0099] The X-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th first data qubit can be denoted as:

[0100] The third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit is: the Y-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit.

[0101] The Y-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit can be denoted as:

[0102] The first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as C2(a,2n-1).

[0103] in,

[0104] The third operator acting on the 2n-1th second data qubit is: the Y-type operator acting on the 2n-1th second data qubit.

[0105] The third operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit is denoted as:

[0106] The second operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit is: the X-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit.

[0107] The X-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit is denoted as:

[0108] The second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as C2(b,2n-1).

[0109] in,

[0110]

[0111] In step S203, in the second round, multiple first-class detection operators are measured to obtain the second round measurement results of multiple first-class detection operators.

[0112] In the second round, multiple first-type detection operators are measured, and the second-round measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators are obtained, including: measuring the first-type detection operator corresponding to k, and obtaining the second-round measurement results of the first-type detection operator corresponding to k. The second-round measurement result of the first-type detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the second-round measurement result of the first operator acting on the k-th first data qubit and the second-round measurement result of the first operator acting on the k-th second data qubit.

[0113] The first operator acting on the k-th first data qubit can be: a Z-type operator acting on the k-th first data qubit.

[0114] The first operator acting on the k-th second data qubit can be a Z-type operator acting on the k-th second data qubit.

[0115] In step S204, in the third round, multiple third-class detection operators are measured to obtain the third round measurement results of multiple third-class detection operators.

[0116] The third round measurement result of the third-type detection operator is obtained by the third round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the third round measurement result of the third-type detection operator, which act on different data qubits in two data qubits.

[0117] For a third-type detection operator, each of the two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement result of the third-type detection operator acts on different data qubits in the two data qubits. An auxiliary qubit is coupled to the two data qubits of the two operators used to measure the corresponding round measurement result of the third-type detection operator. In the third round, the third-round measurement result of the two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement result of the third-type detection operator is obtained by measuring the third-round measurement result of the two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement result of the third-type detection operator through the auxiliary qubit.

[0118] In the third round, multiple third-class detection operators are measured, and the third-round measurement results of multiple third-class detection operators are obtained. These include: in the third round, multiple third-class first detection operators are measured, and the third-round measurement results of multiple third-class second detection operators are obtained; and multiple third-class second detection operators are measured, and the third-round measurement results of multiple third-class second detection operators are obtained.

[0119] The third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n can be the product of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit.

[0120] The third round measurement result of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit.

[0121] The third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n can be the product of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the second operator acting on the (2n+1)th second data qubit.

[0122] The measurement result of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is the product of the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

[0123] The second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit can be an X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit.

[0124] The X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit is denoted as:

[0125] The third operator acting on the (2n+1)th first data qubit can be a Y-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th first data qubit.

[0126] The Y-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th first data qubit is denoted as:

[0127] The third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as: C3(a,2n).

[0128] in,

[0129] The third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit is: the Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit.

[0130] The Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit is denoted as:

[0131] The second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit is: the X-type operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

[0132] The X-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th second data qubit is denoted as:

[0133] The third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as C3(b,2n).

[0134] in,

[0135] refer to Figure 3 It shows a schematic diagram of the effect of the corresponding operator acting on the corresponding data qubit in the corresponding round measurement.

[0136] In round 0, the Z-type operator acting on the k-th first data qubit (a,k) is measured. In round 0, the Z-type operator acting on the k-th second data qubit (b,k) is measured.

[0137] In round 1, the X-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th first data qubit (a, 2n-1) is measured. In round 1, the Y-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit (a, 2n) is measured. In round 1, the Y-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit (b, 2n-1) is measured. In round 1, the X-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit (b, 2n) is measured.

[0138] In the second round, the Z-type operator acting on the k-th first data qubit (a,k) is measured. In the second round, the Z-type operator acting on the k-th second data qubit (b,k) is measured.

[0139] In round 3, the X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit (a, 2n) is measured. In round 3, the Y-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th first data qubit (a, 2n+1) is measured. In round 3, the Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit (b, 2n) is measured. In round 3, the X-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th second data qubit (b, 2n+1) is measured.

[0140] In this embodiment of the disclosure, in the second round, the product of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, and the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 can be used as the stable sub-operator of the first round.

[0141] The first round of stable sub-operator = the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1.

[0142] The product of the 0th round measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, the 0th round measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, the 1st round measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, and the 1st round measurement result corresponding to the second type of detection operator of 2n-1 is taken as the t+1th round measurement result of the first round stable sub-operator.

[0143] In this embodiment of the disclosure, in the second round, the product of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, and the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n can be used as the second round stable sub-operator.

[0144] The second round stable sub-operator = the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n.

[0145] The second round measurement result of the second stable sub-operator = the first round measurement result of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the first round measurement result of the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n.

[0146] In this embodiment of the disclosure, in the third round, the product of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1, the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n, and the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n can be used as the third round stable sub-operator. The third round stable sub-operator = first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n * first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 * third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n * third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n.

[0147] In the third round, the product of the two round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, the second round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1, the third round measurement result of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n, and the third round measurement result of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is taken as the third round measurement result of the third stable sub-operator.

[0148] In step S205, in round t, the stable sub-operator for round t is obtained based on the measurement results of the two third-class detection operators in round t-1 and the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in round t.

[0149] Where t is a positive integer and is a multiple of 4.

[0150] The stable sub-operator in round t = the first detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n * the second detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n * the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n * the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n+1.

[0151] The measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t = the measurement result of the first detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n in round t-1 * the measurement result of the second detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n in round t-1 * the measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n in round t * the measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n+1 in round t.

[0152] The third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as: C3(a,2n).

[0153] The third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as: C3(b,2n).

[0154] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as C1(2n).

[0155] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 is denoted as C1(2n+1).

[0156] The stable suboperator of round t = C3(a,2n)C3(b,2n)C1(2n)C1(2n+1).

[0157]

[0158] This represents the Y-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th first data qubit. This represents the Y-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th second data qubit.

[0159] The measurement result of the t-th round stable sub-operator is equal to the product of the (t-1)-th round measurement result of the first detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n, the (t-1)-th round measurement result of the second detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n, the (t)-th round measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n, and the (t)-th round measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n+1.

[0160] In step S206, in the (t+1)th round, based on the (t)th round measurement results of the two first-class detection operators and the (t+1)th round measurement results of the two second-class detection operators, the (t+1)th round measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained.

[0161] The stable sub-operator in round t+1 = the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1.

[0162] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as: C1(2n-1)

[0163] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as: C1(2n)

[0164] The first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as: C2(a,2n-1)

[0165] The second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as: C2(b,2n-1)

[0166] The stable suboperator in round t+1 is C1(2n-1)C1(2n)C2(a,2n-1)C2(b,2n-1);

[0167]

[0168] This represents the Y-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th first data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit. This represents a Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit.

[0169] In round t+1, based on the round t measurement results of the two first-type detection operators and the round t+1 measurement results of the two second-type detection operators, the round t+1 measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t+1 is obtained, including: In round t+1, the product of the round t measurement result of the first-type detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the round t measurement result of the first-type detection operator corresponding to 2n, the round t+1 measurement result of the second-type first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, and the round t+1 measurement result of the second-type second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is used as the round t+1 measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t+1.

[0170] The measurement result of the (t+1)th round of the stable sub-operator = the measurement result of the (t)th round of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the measurement result of the (t)th round of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n * the measurement result of the (t+1)th round of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 * the measurement result of the (t+1)th round of the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1.

[0171] In step S207, in the (t+2)th round, based on the (t+1)th round measurement results of the two second-type detection operators and the (t+2)th round measurement results of the two first-type detection operators, the (t+2)th round measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained.

[0172] The stable sub-operator in round t+2 = the first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 * the second detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 * the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n-1 * the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n.

[0173] The first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as C2(a,2n-1).

[0174] The second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as C2(b,2n-1).

[0175] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is denoted as C1(2n-1).

[0176] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as C1(2n).

[0177] The stable suboperator in round t+2 is C2(a,2n-1)C2(b,2n-1)C1(2n-1)C1(2n).

[0178]

[0179] This represents the Y-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th first data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit. This represents a Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit.

[0180] In round t+2, the measurement results of the first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 in round t+1, the measurement results of the second detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 in round t+1, the measurement results of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n-1 in round t+2, and the measurement results of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n in round t+2 are multiplied to obtain the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2.

[0181] The measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t+2 = the measurement result of the first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 * the measurement result of the second detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 * the measurement result of the first detection operator of the second type corresponding to 2n-1 * the measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n in round t+2 * the measurement result of the first detection operator of the first type corresponding to 2n in round t+2.

[0182] In step S208, in the (t+3)th round, based on the (t+2)th round measurement results of the two first-class detection operators and the (t+3)th round measurement results of the two third-class detection operators, the (t+3)th round measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained.

[0183] The stable sub-operator in round t+3 = the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 * the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n * the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n.

[0184] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n is denoted as: C1(2n);

[0185] The first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 can be denoted as: C1(2n+1);

[0186] The third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n can be denoted as: C3(a,2n);

[0187] The third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n can be denoted as: C3(b,2n);

[0188] The stable suboperator in round t+3 is C1(2n)C1(2n+1)C3(a,2n)C3(b,2n).

[0189]

[0190] This represents the Y-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit. This represents the X-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th first data qubit. This represents the Y-type operator acting on the (2n+1)th second data qubit.

[0191] In round t+3, based on the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2 and the two third-type detection operators in round t+3, the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t+3 is obtained, which includes: In round t+3, the product of the measurement results of the first-type detection operator corresponding to 2n in round t+2, the measurement results of the first-type detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 in round t+3, the measurement results of the third-type first detection operator corresponding to 2n in round t+3, and the measurement results of the third-type second detection operator corresponding to 2n in round t+3 is used as the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t+3.

[0192] The measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t+3 = the measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n in round t+2 * the measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 in round t+2 * the measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n in round t+3 * the measurement result of the second type of detection operator corresponding to 2n in round t+3.

[0193] refer to Figure 4 It shows a schematic diagram of the operator effects that constitute equivalent stable sub-operators.

[0194] The equivalent stable sub-operator of the t-th round = Y-type operator acting on the 2n-th first data qubit (a, 2n) * X-type operator acting on the 2n-th second data qubit (b, 2n) * X-type operator acting on the 2n+1-th first data qubit (a, 2n+1) * Y-type operator acting on the 2n+1-th second data qubit (b, 2n+1).

[0195] The equivalent stable sub-operator in round t+1 is: Y-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th first data qubit (a, 2n-1) * X-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit (b, 2n-1) * X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit (a, 2n) * Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit (b, 2n).

[0196] The equivalent stable sub-operator in round t+2 is: Y-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th first data qubit (a, 2n-1) * X-type operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit (b, 2n-1) * X-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit (a, 2n) * Y-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit (b, 2n).

[0197] The equivalent stable sub-operator in round t+3 is: Y-type operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit (a, 2n) * X-type operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit (b, 2n) * X-type operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit (a, 2n+1) * Y-type operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit (b, 2n+1).

[0198] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: taking the product of the i-th round measurement results of multiple second-type first detection operators and the i-th round measurement results of multiple third-type first detection operators as the i-th round measurement result of the logic Z operator, where the i-th round is any round.

[0199] The logical Z operator acts on logical qubits to implement the operation of quantum logic gates.

[0200] Logical Z operator = 1st second-class first-detection operator * 2nd second-class first-detection operator ... * last second-class first-detection operator * 1st third-class first-detection operator * 2nd third-class first-detection operator ... * last third-class first-detection operator.

[0201] The i-th round measurement result of the logical Z operator = the i-th round measurement result of the first second-class first detection operator * the i-th round measurement result of the second second-class first detection operator ... * the i-th round measurement result of the last second-class first detection operator * the i-th round measurement result of the first third-class first detection operator * the i-th round measurement result of the second third-class first detection operator ... * the i-th round measurement result of the last third-class first detection operator.

[0202] One possible implementation also includes: taking the product of the i-th round measurement results of the two operators in the target operator combination as the i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator.

[0203] The target operator combination includes: a second operator acting on the j-th first data qubit and a third operator acting on the j-th second data qubit.

[0204] Logical operator X = Second operator applied to the j-th first data qubit * Third operator applied to the j-th second data qubit.

[0205] The measurement result of the logic X operator = the measurement result of the second operator applied to the j-th first data qubit in the i-th round * the measurement result of the third operator applied to the j-th second data qubit in the i-th round.

[0206] The i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator is commuted with any detection operator used to obtain the i-th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator.

[0207] This disclosure provides a quantum error-correcting code generation apparatus. This apparatus is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, and details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "unit" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0208] The quantum error-correcting code generation device includes:

[0209] The first measurement unit is used to measure multiple first-type detection operators in round 0 to obtain the round 0 measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators. The round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators are obtained by the round 0 measurement results of two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators. The two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators act on different data qubits in two data qubits.

[0210] The second measurement unit is used to measure multiple second-type detection operators in the first round to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators, wherein the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators are obtained by the first-round measurement results of two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators;

[0211] The third measurement unit is used to measure multiple first-class detection operators in the second round to obtain the second-round measurement results of multiple first-class detection operators;

[0212] The fourth measurement unit is used to measure multiple third-type detection operators in the third round to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type detection operators. The third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators are obtained by the third-round measurement results of two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators.

[0213] The fifth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the t-th round based on the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in the (t-1)-th round and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in the t-th round, where t is a multiple of 4;

[0214] The sixth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+1)th round based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in the (t+1)th round and the measurement results of the two second-class detection operators in the (t+1)th round.

[0215] The seventh measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+2)th round in the (t+1)th round based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in the (t+1)th round and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in the (t+2)th round.

[0216] The eighth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3)th round based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in the (t+2)th round and the measurement results of the two third-class detection operators in the (t+3)th round.

[0217] In one possible implementation, the first measurement unit is further configured to measure the first type of detection operator corresponding to k, obtaining the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k, wherein the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit, wherein k is one of the total number of first type of detection operators from 0; the second measurement unit is further configured to measure multiple second type of first detection operators in the 1st round, obtaining the 1st round measurement result of multiple second type of first detection operators, and to measure multiple second type of second detection operators, obtaining the 1st round measurement result of multiple second type of second detection operators, wherein the 1st round measurement result of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is the product of the 1st round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit and the 1st round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit, for The first round measurement result of the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is: the product of the first round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n-1th second data qubit and the first round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit; the fourth measurement unit is further used to measure multiple third type of first detection operators in the third round to obtain the third round measurement result of multiple third type of first detection operators, and to measure multiple third type of second detection operators to obtain the third round measurement result of multiple third type of second detection operators, wherein the third round measurement result of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit, and the measurement result of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

[0218] In one possible implementation, the fifth measurement unit is further configured to, in round t, multiply the measurement results of round t-1 corresponding to the third type of first detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t-1 corresponding to the third type of second detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, and the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n+1, as the measurement result of round t of the stable sub-operator in round t; the sixth measurement unit is further configured to, in round t+1, multiply the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, the measurement results of round t corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of first detection operator of 2n-1, and the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of second detection operator of 2n-1, as the measurement result of round t+1 of the stable sub-operator in round t+1; The seventh measurement unit is further used in the (t+2)th round to multiply the (t+1)th round measurement results of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the (t+1)th round measurement results of the second type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, and the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, to obtain the (t+2)th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+2)th round; the eighth measurement unit is further used in the (t+3)th round to multiply the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n, the (t+2)th round measurement results of the first type of detection operator corresponding to 2n+1, the (t+3)th round measurement results of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n, and the (t+3)th round measurement results of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n, as the (t+3)th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3)th round.

[0219] In one possible implementation, the quantum error-correcting code generation device also includes:

[0220] The logical Z operator measurement result generation unit is used to take the product of the i-th round measurement results of multiple second-type first detection operators and the i-th round measurement results of multiple third-type first detection operators as the i-th round measurement result of the logical Z operator, where the i-th round is any round.

[0221] In one possible implementation, the quantum error-correcting code generation device also includes:

[0222] The logic X operator measurement result generation unit is used to take the product of the i-th round measurement results of the two operators in the target operator combination as the i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator. The target operator combination includes: a second operator acting on the j-th first data qubit and a third operator acting on the j-th second data qubit. The i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator is commuted with any detection operator used to obtain the i-th round measurement result of the i-th round stable sub-operator.

[0223] In this embodiment, the device is presented in the form of a functional unit. Here, a unit refers to an ASIC circuit, a processor and memory that execute one or more software or fixed programs, and / or other devices that can provide the above-mentioned functions.

[0224] Further functional descriptions of the above-mentioned units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0225] refer to Figure 5 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The computer device includes one or more processors 10, a memory 20, and interfaces for connecting the components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. The components are interconnected via different buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or otherwise installed as needed. The processors can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in or on memory to display graphical information of a GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some alternative embodiments, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used with multiple memories and multiple memory modules, if desired. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, each providing some of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system).

[0226] Processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device (CAMP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (GPA), or any combination thereof.

[0227] The memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10 to cause the at least one processor 10 to perform the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0228] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the computer device. Furthermore, the memory 20 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0229] The memory 20 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk or solid-state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0230] The computer device also includes an input device 30 and an output device 40. The processor 10, memory 20, input device 30, and output device 40 can be connected via a bus or other means.

[0231] Input device 30 can receive input numerical or character information, and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the computer device, such as a touchscreen, keypad, mouse, trackpad, touchpad, joystick, one or more mouse buttons, trackball, joystick, etc. Output device 40 may include display devices, auxiliary lighting devices (e.g., LEDs), and haptic feedback devices (e.g., vibration motors). The aforementioned display devices include, but are not limited to, liquid crystal displays, light-emitting diodes, displays, and plasma displays. In some alternative embodiments, the display device may be a touchscreen.

[0232] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium in which the methods described in this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as recordable on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and subsequently stored on a local storage medium after being downloaded over a network. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium may also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code that, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, implements the methods shown in the above embodiments.

[0233] A portion of the embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to computer program products, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the present invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0234] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for generating quantum error-correcting codes, characterized in that, The method includes: In round 0, multiple first-type detection operators are measured to obtain round 0 measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators. The round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators are obtained by the round 0 measurement results of two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators. The two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators act on different data qubits in two data qubits. In the first round, multiple second-type detection operators are measured to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators. The first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators are obtained by the first-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators. In the second round, multiple Type I detection operators are measured, and the second round measurement results of multiple Type I detection operators are obtained; In the third round, multiple third-type detection operators are measured to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type detection operators. The third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators are obtained through the third-round measurement results of the two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators. In round t, based on the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in round t-1 and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t, the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in round t is obtained, where t is a positive integer and t is a multiple of 4; In round t+1, based on the round t measurement results of the two first-class detection operators and the round t+1 measurement results of the two second-class detection operators, the round t+1 measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+1 are obtained; In round t+2, based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in round t+1 and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2 are obtained. In round t+3, based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in round t+2 and the measurement results of the two third-class detection operators in round t+3, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+3 are obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In round 0, multiple Type I detection operators are measured, and the round 0 measurement results for these multiple Type I detection operators include: The measurement of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k yields the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k. The 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit, where k is one of the total number of first type of detection operators from 0 to 1. In the first round, multiple second-type detection operators were measured, and the first-round measurement results for multiple second-type detection operators included: In the first round, multiple second-type first detection operators are measured to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type first detection operators, and multiple second-type second detection operators are measured to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type second detection operators. The first-round measurement result corresponding to the 2n-1 second-type first detection operator is the product of the first-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n-1 first data qubit and the first-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n first data qubit. Similarly, the first-round measurement result corresponding to the 2n-1 second-type second detection operator is the product of the first-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n-1 second data qubit and the first-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n second data qubit. In the third round, multiple third-type detection operators were measured, and the third-round measurement results for these operators included: In the third round, multiple third-type first detection operators are measured to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type first detection operators, and multiple third-type second detection operators are measured to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type second detection operators. Among them, the third-round measurement result of the third-type first detection operator corresponding to 2n is the product of the third-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit. The measurement result of the third-type second detection operator corresponding to 2n is the product of the third-round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the third-round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In round t, based on the (t-1)th round measurement results of the two third-type detection operators and the tth round measurement results of the two first-type detection operators, the tth round measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained, including: In round t, the measurement results of the first detection operator of the third type corresponding to 2n in round t-1 are... 、 The product of the (t-1)th round measurement result of the third type second detection operator corresponding to 2n, the tth round measurement result of the first type detection operator corresponding to 2n, and the tth round measurement result of the first type detection operator corresponding to 2n+1, is used as the tth round measurement result of the tth round stable sub-operator; and In round t+1, based on the round t measurement results of the two first-type detection operators and the round t+1 measurement results of the two second-type detection operators, the round t+1 measurement results of the stable sub-operator are obtained as follows: In round t+1, the product of the round t measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator (2n-1), the round t measurement result corresponding to the first type of detection operator (2n), the round t+1 measurement result corresponding to the second type of first detection operator (2n-1), and the round t+1 measurement result corresponding to the second type of second detection operator (2n-1) is taken as the round t+1 measurement result of the stable sub-operator; and In round t+2, based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in round t+1 and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2 are obtained as follows: In round t+2, the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of first detection operator (corresponding to 2n-1), the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of second detection operator (corresponding to 2n-1), the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator (corresponding to 2n-1), and the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator (corresponding to 2n) are multiplied to obtain the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+2; and In round t+3, based on the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in round t+2 and the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in round t+3, the measurement results of the stable sub-operator in round t+3 are obtained as follows: In round t+3, the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n+1, and the measurement results of round t+3 corresponding to the third type of first detection operator of 2n are used. 、 The product of the measurement results of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n in the (t+3rd round) is used as the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3rd round) as the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3rd round).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The product of the i-th round measurement results of multiple second-class first detection operators and the i-th round measurement results of multiple third-class first detection operators is taken as the i-th round measurement result of the logic Z operator, where the i-th round is any round.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The product of the i-th round measurement results of the two operators in the target operator combination is taken as the i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator. The target operator combination includes: a second operator acting on the j-th first data qubit and a third operator acting on the j-th second data qubit. The i-th round measurement result of the logic X operator is commuted with any detection operator used to obtain the i-th round measurement result of the stable sub-operator.

6. A quantum error-correcting code generation device, characterized in that, The device includes: The first measurement unit is used to measure multiple first-type detection operators in round 0 to obtain the round 0 measurement results of multiple first-type detection operators. The round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators are obtained by the round 0 measurement results of two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators. The two operators used to obtain the round 0 measurement results of the first-type detection operators act on different data qubits in two data qubits. The second measurement unit is used to measure multiple second-type detection operators in the first round to obtain the first-round measurement results of multiple second-type detection operators, wherein the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators are obtained by the first-round measurement results of two operators used to obtain the first-round measurement results of the second-type detection operators; The third measurement unit is used to measure multiple first-class detection operators in the second round to obtain the second-round measurement results of multiple first-class detection operators; The fourth measurement unit is used to measure multiple third-type detection operators in the third round to obtain the third-round measurement results of multiple third-type detection operators. The third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators are obtained by the third-round measurement results of two operators used to obtain the third-round measurement results of the third-type detection operators. The fifth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the t-th round based on the measurement results of the two third-type detection operators in the (t-1)-th round and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in the t-th round, where t is a multiple of 4; The sixth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+1)th round based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in the (t+1)th round and the measurement results of the two second-class detection operators in the (t+1)th round. The seventh measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+2)th round in the (t+1)th round based on the measurement results of the two second-type detection operators in the (t+1)th round and the measurement results of the two first-type detection operators in the (t+2)th round. The eighth measurement unit is used to obtain the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3)th round based on the measurement results of the two first-class detection operators in the (t+2)th round and the measurement results of the two third-class detection operators in the (t+3)th round.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first measurement unit is further configured to measure the first type of detection operator corresponding to k, obtaining the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k, wherein the 0th round measurement result of the first type of detection operator corresponding to k is the product of the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth first data qubit and the 0th round measurement result of the first operator acting on the kth second data qubit, wherein k is one of the total number of first type of detection operators from 0; the second measurement unit is further configured to measure multiple second type of first detection operators in the 1st round, obtaining the 1st round measurement result of multiple second type of first detection operators, and to measure multiple second type of second detection operators in the 1st round, obtaining the 1st round measurement result of multiple second type of second detection operators, wherein the 1st round measurement result of the second type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 is the product of the 1st round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n-1th first data qubit and the 1st round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit, wherein the 0th round measurement result of the first ...0th round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit, wherein the 0th round measurement The first round measurement result of the second type of second detection operator is: the product of the first round measurement result of the third operator acting on the (2n-1)th second data qubit and the first round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit; the fourth measurement unit is further used to measure multiple third type of first detection operators in the third round to obtain the third round measurement result of multiple third type of first detection operators, and to measure multiple third type of second detection operators to obtain the third round measurement result of multiple third type of second detection operators, wherein the third round measurement result of the third type of first detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2nth first data qubit and the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2n+1th first data qubit, and the measurement result of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n is: the product of the third round measurement result of the third operator acting on the 2nth second data qubit and the third round measurement result of the second operator acting on the 2n+1th second data qubit.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fifth measurement unit is further used in the t-th round to measure the t-1 round results of the first detection operator of the third class corresponding to 2n. 、 The product of the (t-1)th round measurement result of the third type second detection operator corresponding to 2n, the tth round measurement result of the first type detection operator corresponding to 2n, and the tth round measurement result of the first type detection operator corresponding to 2n+1 is used as the tth round measurement result of the tth round stable sub-operator; the sixth measurement unit is further used in the t+1th round to take the product of the tth round measurement result of the first type detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, the tth round measurement result of the first type detection operator corresponding to 2n, the t+1th round measurement result of the second type first detection operator corresponding to 2n-1, and the t+1th round measurement result of the second type second detection operator corresponding to 2n-1 as the t+1th round measurement result of the t+1th round stable sub-operator; the seventh The measurement unit is further configured to, in round t+2, multiply the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of first detection operator of 2n-1, the measurement results of round t+1 corresponding to the second type of second detection operator of 2n-1, the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n-1, and the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, to obtain the measurement result of round t+2 of the stable sub-operator in round t+2; the eighth measurement unit is further configured to, in round t+3, multiply the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n, the measurement results of round t+2 corresponding to the first type of detection operator of 2n+1, and the measurement results of round t+3 corresponding to the third type of first detection operator of 2n. 、 The product of the measurement results of the third type of second detection operator corresponding to 2n in the (t+3rd round) is used as the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3rd round) as the measurement result of the stable sub-operator in the (t+3rd round).

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

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