Pepper waste compost organic material and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pepper waste compost organic material and its application, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment. The preparation steps of the pepper waste compost organic material include: mixing pepper waste, mushroom husks, livestock excrement, biochar and bacterial agent to obtain compost raw materials, and then aerobic composting to obtain pepper waste compost organic material. The present invention uses pepper waste as compost raw material, releases active substances in pepper waste through the high temperature generated during the composting process, and further reduces the loss of released active substances by adding biochar to obtain organic materials with high pepper active substance content. The obtained organic material can improve the soil microbial community structure as a fertilizer, plays an important role in enhancing the immunity of crops, thereby preventing the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests and reducing the use of pesticides. As an organic feed combined with planting and breeding, it can achieve a dual increase in the yield of crops and aquaculture organisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and particularly relates to pepper waste compost organic material and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ma peppercorns are widely used as a condiment in agriculture and food processing, particularly in Sichuan cuisine and other spicy dishes. However, with their widespread use, the waste generated during their processing has become a pressing issue. This waste, which typically includes stems, leaves, unripe fruit, and processing residues, can not only occupy land resources but also pollute the environment if not properly handled.

[0003] Composting is a widely used method for treating organic waste, transforming it into stable organic fertilizer through the action of microorganisms. Composting peppercorn waste not only effectively reduces environmental pollution but also enables resource reuse. However, traditional composting methods often require a long time to reach fertilizer standards, and the nutrient release rate is slow, making it difficult to meet the demand for efficient and rapid fertilizers in modern agriculture.

[0004] Therefore, developing a method to quickly release nutrients from pepper waste and studying its applicable fields are of great significance for realizing the resource utilization of pepper waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pepper waste compost organic material and application thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing organic materials from pepper waste compost, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The pepper waste, mushroom husks, livestock excrement, biochar and bacterial agent are mixed to obtain compost raw materials, which are then aerobic composted to obtain pepper waste compost organic materials.

[0009] Preferably, the pepper waste includes one or more of pepper tree roots, pepper leaves, pepper branches, pepper seeds and pepper seed coats.

[0010] Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw material is 20-25:1, and the moisture content is adjusted to 30-65 wt.% before aerobic composting.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the mushroom bran is 7:13; the added amount of the biochar is 10% of the total mass of the mushroom bran and the livestock and poultry manure; the added amount of the pepper waste is 1-5% of the total mass of the mushroom bran and the livestock and poultry manure; and the added amount of the microbial agent is 0.04% of the total mass of the mushroom bran and the livestock and poultry manure.

[0012] Preferably, the bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and yeast.

[0013] More preferably, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to the yeast is 1:1.

[0014] Preferably, the aerobic composting time is 25 to 30 days. During the composting process, the pile is turned once when the pile temperature first rises to 55 to 60°C, and then turned every 2 to 5 days. When the pile temperature is lower than 55°C, the pile is turned every 7 to 12 days. When the pile temperature drops below 35°C and the temperature difference for two consecutive days does not exceed ±2°C, the turning is stopped.

[0015] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a pepper waste compost organic material prepared according to the above-mentioned method for preparing pepper waste compost organic material.

[0016] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned pepper waste compost organic material in the combination of rice and rice field crab breeding.

[0017] The fourth technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned pepper waste compost organic material in the preparation of an organic fertilizer for inhibiting plant pathogens.

[0018] The fifth technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned pepper waste compost organic material in the preparation of insect repellent organic fertilizer.

[0019] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] The present invention uses pepper waste as a composting raw material, releases active substances in the pepper waste through the high temperature generated during the composting process, and further reduces the loss of the released active substances by adding biochar, thereby obtaining an organic material with a high content of pepper active substances (linalool, limonene, β-myrcene, β-pinene, etc.).

[0021] The resulting organic material, when used as fertilizer, can improve the structure of soil microbial communities and play an important role in enhancing crop immunity, thereby preventing the occurrence of crop diseases and pests and reducing the use of pesticides. As organic feed for integrated farming and animal husbandry, it can achieve a dual increase in crop and livestock yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1Graph showing temperature changes of materials during the composting process in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-7.

[0023] Figure 2 Graph showing changes in pH value of materials during the composting process in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-7.

[0024] Figure 3 Graph showing changes in electrical conductivity of materials during the composting process in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-7.

[0025] Figure 4 Graph showing changes in humus content of materials during the composting process for Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-7.

[0026] Figure 5 is the content of the active substance linalool in the material before and after composting in Example 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] In addition, for numerical ranges in the present invention, it is understood that each intervening value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intervening value in the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.

[0030] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative examples, the pepper tree roots, pepper leaves, pepper branches, and pepper stems and leaves are all chopped before mixing.

[0032] Comparative Example 1

[0033] Chicken manure and mushroom waste were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom waste, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 24.2, and the initial moisture content of the compost raw materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed material was placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the compost was turned once the pile temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the pile temperature fell below 55°C, the compost was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the pile temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. After 25 days of composting, the composting process was completed, resulting in mature organic material, recorded as CK.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Chicken manure, mushroom waste, and biochar were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5:1. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom waste, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 24.2, and the initial moisture content of the composting materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed materials were placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the compost was turned once the pile temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the pile temperature fell below 55°C, the compost was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the pile temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. After 25 days of composting, the composting process was completed, resulting in mature organic material, recorded as T1.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Chicken manure, mushroom waste, and pepper stems and leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5:0.5. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added in amounts of 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom waste, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 24.2, and the initial moisture content of the compost raw materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt.%. The mixed material was placed in a fermentation reaction chamber. During the composting process, the pile was turned once when the temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every 2 days. When the temperature dropped below 55°C, the pile was turned every 7 days. When the temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C, the composting process was stopped. After 25 days of composting, the composting process was completed, and the decomposed organic material was obtained, which was recorded as T2.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] Chicken manure, mushroom residue, biochar, and pepper stems and leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5:1:0.1. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom residue, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 24.2, and the initial moisture content of the composting materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed materials were placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the pile was turned once when the temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the temperature dropped below 55°C, the pile was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. After 25 days of composting, the composting process was completed, resulting in mature organic material, recorded as T3.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] Chicken manure, mushroom residue, biochar, and pepper stems and leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.0:1:0.2. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom residue, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 24.1, and the initial moisture content of the composting materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed materials were placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the pile was turned once when the temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the temperature dropped below 55°C, the pile was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. The composting process was completed after 25 days, resulting in mature organic material, recorded as T4.

[0042] Example 5

[0043] Chicken manure, mushroom residue, biochar, and pepper stems and leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5:1:0.3. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom residue, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 23.9, and the initial moisture content of the composting materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed materials were placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the pile was turned once when the temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the temperature dropped below 55°C, the pile was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. The composting process was completed after 25 days, resulting in mature organic material, recorded as T5.

[0044] Example 6

[0045] Chicken manure, mushroom residue, biochar, and pepper stems and leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.0:1:0.4. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom residue, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 23.7, and the initial moisture content of the composting materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed materials were placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the pile was turned once when the temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the temperature dropped below 55°C, the pile was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. The composting process was completed after 25 days, resulting in mature organic material, recorded as T6.

[0046] Example 7

[0047] Chicken manure, mushroom residue, biochar, and pepper stems and leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5:1:0.5. Bacillus subtilis and yeast were added at 0.02% of the total mass of the chicken manure and mushroom residue, respectively. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio was 23.7, and the initial moisture content of the composting materials was adjusted to 61.3 wt%. The mixed materials were placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the compost was turned once the pile temperature first rose to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the pile temperature fell below 55°C, the compost was turned every seven days. Turning was stopped when the pile temperature dropped below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days did not exceed ±2°C. The composting process was completed after 25 days, resulting in the mature organic material, which was recorded as T7.

[0048] The temperature changes of the materials during the composting process in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-7 are shown in FIG. Figure 1 , pH value changes see Figure 2 , the change of conductivity can be seen Figure 3 , the changes in humus content can be seen in Figure 4 .

[0049] Figure 1 The results showed that the addition of pepper stem and leaf powder can accelerate the temperature rise of the compost, better sustain high-temperature fermentation, accelerate the degradation of organic matter in the compost, and provide necessary precursors for the humification process. The temperature of the mature period with the addition of biochar was higher than that of the control group, indicating that biochar can retain water and heat during the composting process.

[0050] Figure 2 The results showed that the pH values ​​of the control group and the experimental group first increased and then decreased with the composting time, indicating that the introduction of biochar can adsorb substances in the composting process, and the addition of pepper stems and leaves can increase the pH value of the compost body and both meet the Chinese agricultural organic feed production standards (5.5-8.5).

[0051] Figure 3The results showed that the conductivity of the control and experimental groups initially increased and then decreased with composting time. The conductivity of the experimental group reached its highest value on the 10th day of composting, and the maximum conductivity of the control group was also lower than that of the experimental group, indicating that the addition of pepper stems and leaves increased the conductivity of the compost to the optimal value for crop growth. The decrease in conductivity caused by the introduction of biochar suggests that it effectively reduced material losses through adsorption.

[0052] Figure 4 The results showed that the addition of pepper stems and leaves can provide a suitable carbon source for the compost, which promotes the growth and activity of microorganisms, thereby promoting the decomposition of organic matter and the formation of humus. Biochar provides optimal conditions for microbial activity, thereby increasing the humus content.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] Chicken manure, mushroom waste, and biochar are mixed in a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5:1. Then, pepper tree roots, leaves, branches, stems, or seed coats (5% of the total weight of the chicken manure and mushroom waste) are added and thoroughly mixed. Bacillus subtilis and yeast are added in amounts equal to 0.02% of the total weight of the chicken manure and mushroom waste, respectively. The initial moisture content of the compost is adjusted to 61.3 wt.%. The mixture is placed in a fermentation reactor. During the composting process, the compost is turned once the temperature first rises to 55-60°C, then every two days. When the temperature drops below 55°C, it is turned every seven days. Turning is stopped when the temperature drops below 35°C and the temperature difference between two consecutive days does not exceed ±2°C. The composting process is completed after 25 days, resulting in mature organic material.

[0055] The raw materials after adjusting the water content in Example 8 and the decomposed organic materials were dried and ground into powders respectively. 5 g of the ground powders were taken respectively, and 25 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added to leach for 180 min. 10 mL of the leachate was taken and placed in a 10 mL headspace bottle. The bottle mouth was sealed and placed in an automatic headspace sampler. The analysis was performed in a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument. The content of the active substance linalool in the material before and after composting was measured. Figure 5 . Figure 5 It shows that compost can effectively extract the anthelmintic and sterilization active ingredients in pepper.

[0056] Example 9

[0057] Application of the organic materials obtained from the above fermentation as organic feed for rice and rice crab breeding

[0058] The 2023 experiment was conducted in Changli County, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. A total of 9 experimental groups were designed, with each plot covering an area of ​​75m 2The plot is 25m long and 3m wide, with three repeated designs, for a total of 21 plots. Plastic boards are built between the plots, and a protective net is set up outside the plot to prevent the crabs from escaping; the 7 fertilization treatments are: CK is a no-fertilization treatment (i.e., the control group), A1 is a soil-tested recommended fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, and A8 are organic feeds (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7) prepared in Examples 1 to 7. Except for the control group, each fertilization treatment uses multiple fertilizations, and the amount of feed input for each treatment is the same. Before transplanting (i.e., before May 13), all experimental groups (except CK) need to apply base fertilizer. Base fertilizer is mainly organic feed (T1 to T7) or soil-tested recommended fertilizer (A1), which aims to improve the soil environment and provide basic nutrients. Taking into account the growth cycle of rice and crabs, it is recommended to carry out at least two topdressings. The first topdressing is done about two weeks after transplanting (around the end of May to early June), and the second topdressing is done during the peak tillering stage to the jointing stage (around mid-to-early July) to promote rice growth and food supply for river crabs. The total number of fertilizations is 1 base fertilizer + 2 topdressing = 3 times. The amount of base fertilizer used per mu per season is 50 kg for group A1 and 250 kg for groups A2 to A8. The amount of topdressing each time is 40% of the base fertilizer amount. Rice seedlings were transplanted on May 13, crabs were released on May 15, all river crabs were harvested in mid-September, and rice was harvested on October 4. The survey was conducted on October 28, 2023, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1 Effects of different treated organic materials as feed on the yield of rice and rice crab farming

[0060]

[0061] Table 1 shows that compared with the blank control, treatment A7 increased the survival rate of rice field crabs by 1.06%; compared with the blank control, treatments A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, and A8 increased the weight of rice field crabs by 29.89, 25.71, 2.51, 25.71, 21.97, 29.06, 34.97, and 45.57 g, respectively; compared with the blank control, treatments A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, and A8 increased the weight of rice field crabs by 29.89, 25.71, 2.51, 25.71, 21.97, 29.06, 34.97, and 45.57 g, respectively. The treatments increased rice crab yield by 4.72, 1.15, 4.89, 4.92, 6.13, 11.26, and 11.07 kg, respectively. Compared with the blank control, treatments A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, and A8 increased rice yield by 291.09, 275.30, 309.28, 284.28, 319.97, 336.42, 342.99, and 359.80 kg, respectively. In summary, organic feed supplemented with peppercorn stems and leaves can improve the yield and quality of rice crabs, as well as rice yield. Organic feed T7 significantly increased rice crab yield compared to other organic feeds, and also significantly increased rice yield.

[0062] Example 10

[0063] Application of the organic material obtained by the above fermentation as an organic fertilizer for inhibiting plant pathogens in rice cultivation

[0064] The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the organic material obtained after composting against rice blast fungus and aflatoxin. The specific method is as follows: the organic material obtained after composting and the positive control fungicide carbendazim were weighed separately, and a mother liquor with a concentration of 2500g / mL was prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide. 5mL of the above mother liquor was respectively pipetted and added to 1000mL of sterilized potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium cooled to about 55°C. The mixture was thoroughly mixed, and the culture medium mixed with the organic material extract obtained after composting was poured into a culture dish with a diameter of 9cm, 15mL per dish, and a culture medium with an equal amount of dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a blank control. The above treatments were repeated 3 times. After the culture medium in the dish cooled and solidified, a 5mm diameter bacterial cake was prepared along the edge of the mycelium of the rice blast fungus after in vitro amplification, and inoculated into the center of the culture medium with different treatments. The culture dish was inverted and cultured in the dark in a 28°C incubator. When the mycelial diameter of the blank control group was about 8 cm, the mycelial diameters of the different treatments were measured using the cross method.

[0065] The following formula was used to calculate the inhibition rate of compost products on the mycelial growth of the two plant pathogenic fungi:

[0066] Inhibition rate (%) = [(control group diameter - treatment group diameter) / (control group diameter - 5 mm)] × 100%

[0067] The in vitro antibacterial activities of the bio-organic fertilizer and feed against rice blast fungus and aflatoxin strains are shown in Table 2.

[0068] Table 2 In vitro antibacterial activity of each group of organic materials against rice blast fungus and Aspergillus flavus

[0069]

[0070] Table 2 shows that pepper stalks organic fertilizer and feed can effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as rice blast and aflatoxin. As the amount of pepper stalks added increases, the antibacterial effect is also significantly improved, and the antibacterial rate can reach more than 60%, which can reduce crop diseases.

[0071] Example 11

[0072] Application of the organic material obtained from the above fermentation as an insect repellent organic fertilizer in rice planting

[0073] The dried solid sample of the T7 treatment group was added into deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:10 and then completely mixed on a shaker for 30 min to obtain the compost extract.

[0074] A 100 μm compost extract from treatment group T7 was pipetted into a rubber stopper (Pheromone Lure Core, 7 mm inner diameter, 1.3 cm height, manufactured by Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) to create a repellent core. The stopper was then placed on a stand between two rice plants as a odor source. The stand was 30 cm high, with one rubber stopper and two rice plants per experiment, with an average plant height of 55 cm. Wind tunnel testing was used to verify the repellent effect of the odor source on post-mated female Chilo suppressalis (C. suppressalis) moths. Rice plants loaded with the odor source were placed upwind of the wind tunnel. Female Chilo suppressalis moths were released at the other end of the tunnel, 1.5 m from the rice plants. The wind tunnel measured 230 × 80 × 80 cm and had a wind speed of 0.2 m / s. Each moth was observed for 10 minutes, and the time the moth remained in contact with the rice plant (odor source) was recorded. Moths that did not leave the release platform within 10 minutes were considered non-responsive.

[0075] 71 female Chilo suppressalis moths were tested. A total of 18 moths came into contact with rice plants (flavor source) within 10 minutes. This indicates that the organic material provided by the present invention has a highly effective insect repellent effect and can reduce insect pests in rice.

[0076] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of pepper waste compost organic materials in rice and rice crab farming, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the pepper waste compost organic material include: Mixing pepper waste, mushroom husks, livestock excrement, biochar and a bacterial agent to obtain a compost raw material, and then aerobic composting to obtain pepper waste compost organic material; The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw material is 20-25:1, and the moisture content is adjusted to 30-65 wt.% before aerobic composting; The mass ratio of the livestock excrement to the mushroom dregs is 7:13; the amount of biochar added is 10% of the total mass of the mushroom dregs and the livestock excrement; the amount of pepper waste added is 1-5% of the total mass of the mushroom dregs and the livestock excrement; the amount of the microbial agent added is 0.04% of the total mass of the mushroom dregs and the livestock excrement; The bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and yeast; The aerobic composting time is 25 to 30 days. During the composting process, the pile is turned once when the pile temperature first rises to 55 to 60°C, and then turned every 2 to 5 days. When the pile temperature is lower than 55°C, the pile is turned every 7 to 12 days. When the pile temperature drops below 35°C and the temperature difference for two consecutive days does not exceed ±2°C, the turning of the pile is stopped.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The pepper waste includes one or more of pepper tree roots, pepper leaves, pepper branches, pepper seeds and pepper seed coats.

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