Fiber laying device, laying method and composite material forming method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fiber laying device, a laying method and a composite material forming method, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. A fiber laying device includes a base surface, a tension frame and a moving component; a sticky base material is arranged on the base surface; the tension frame includes a plurality of tension rods, each tension rod is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves, and the fibers are pre-positioned through the positioning grooves on the two tension rods; the base surface and / or the tension frame are connected to the moving component, and the base surface and the tension frame can move relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface, so that the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame are laid on the base surface. The precise position of the fiber bundle or the fiber monofilament can be controlled, so that the fibers are arranged regularly to form a preform and realize composite material forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and in particular relates to a fiber laying device, a laying method and a composite material forming method. Background Art

[0002] Composite materials are a new type of material that is made by combining two or more materials of different properties through a certain process method. They have excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and are widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, building structures and other fields. In the preparation process of composite materials, the arrangement of fiber filaments has an important influence on the performance of composite materials. The traditional method of laying fiber filaments is difficult to ensure the regular arrangement of fiber filaments, resulting in unstable performance of composite materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device or method that can achieve regular arrangement of fiber filaments. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to achieve regular fiber arrangement during fiber filament laying, the present invention provides a fiber laying device, a laying method and a composite material forming method, which can control the precise position of fiber bundles or fiber filaments, arrange the fibers regularly to form a preform, and achieve composite material forming.

[0004] The present invention includes a fiber placement device including a base surface, a tension frame, and a moving assembly;

[0005] A sticky base material is arranged on the base surface;

[0006] The tension frame includes a plurality of tension rods, each of which is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves, and the fiber is pre-positioned through the positioning grooves on the two tension rods;

[0007] The base surface and / or the tension frame are connected to the moving assembly, and the base surface and the tension frame can move relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface, so that the fibers pre-positioned on the tension frame are laid on the base surface.

[0008] Furthermore, the base surface includes a plurality of substrate units detachably connected to each other; adhesive or a base material having adhesiveness is disposed on the substrate units, and a base material having adhesiveness is disposed on at least one substrate unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the base surface is composed of a first substrate and a second substrate and a third substrate respectively located on two opposite sides of the first substrate; a sticky base material is disposed on the first substrate, and adhesive is disposed on the second substrate and the third substrate.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a support frame, and the substrate unit is detachably connected to the support frame; a micrometer-level height adjustment mechanism is arranged under the substrate unit to adjust the height of a single substrate unit to ensure the flatness of the base surface.

[0011] Furthermore, a rotating mechanism is provided on the support frame, the base surface is provided on the rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is used to drive the base surface to rotate within a plane.

[0012] Furthermore, the tension frame includes two tension rods arranged in parallel, and the vertical distance between the two tension rods is adjustable.

[0013] Furthermore, the moving assembly includes a first linear moving mechanism and a second linear moving mechanism that are perpendicular to each other; the first linear moving mechanism is connected to the base surface and is used to align the base surface with the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame, and the second linear moving mechanism is connected to the tension frame and is used to move the tension frame in a direction perpendicular to the base surface.

[0014] Furthermore, a monitoring and alarm system is included, including a microscope group, a computing module and an alarm;

[0015] The microscope group is arranged above the base surface and is used for acquiring the fiber image and transmitting the fiber image to the computing module;

[0016] The calculation module determines the fiber state by identifying the fiber image and calculates the volume fraction of the fiber in the composite material;

[0017] When the calculation module determines that the fiber is abnormal, the control alarm sounds an alarm.

[0018] As a general inventive concept, a fiber laying method is also included, wherein the fiber laying device as described above is used to lay the fiber, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. Matrix preparation: In the fiber laying device, the tension frame is in a state away from the base surface, and a sticky matrix material is placed on the base surface;

[0020] S2. Fiber pre-positioning: placing the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament in the positioning grooves of the two tension rods, with both ends of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament passing through the positioning grooves, and respectively setting counterweights;

[0021] S3. Laying fibers: operating the moving assembly to bring the base surface and the tension frame relatively close to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface, so that the fiber bundles or fiber filaments on the tension frame are laid on the sticky matrix material of the base surface, and the fiber bundles or fiber filaments outside the base surface are cut off;

[0022] S4. Device reset: operate the moving assembly to reset the tension frame to a state where it is away from the base surface, completing a single laying action.

[0023] As a general inventive concept, a composite material forming method is also included, comprising the following steps:

[0024] T1. Complete a single laying action by the above-mentioned fiber laying method, repeat S2 to S4 until the fiber volume fraction in the composite material meets the requirement, and form a single-layer composite film preform on the base surface;

[0025] T2, removing the base surface with the single-layer composite material membrane preform from the fiber laying device, performing semi-curing treatment, removing the semi-cured composite material membrane, and placing it in a cold storage for standby use;

[0026] T3, repeating T1 and T2 to obtain multiple semi-cured composite material films;

[0027] T4, overlapping a plurality of semi-cured composite material films and performing a curing treatment to obtain a finished composite material product;

[0028] Alternatively, include the following steps:

[0029] Y1. Complete a single laying action by the above-mentioned fiber laying method, repeat S2 to S4 until the fiber volume fraction in the composite material meets the requirement, and lay a fiber layer on the base surface;

[0030] Y2, repeating Y1 on the fiber layer of the base surface to obtain a composite material preform;

[0031] Y3. Curing the composite material preform obtained in Y2 to obtain a composite material finished product.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0033] The present invention realizes the pre-positioning of a single bundle of fibers or a single fiber filament through the positioning groove of the tension frame, so that the fibers are arranged neatly in the required direction, and then the tension frame is brought close to the base surface, and the base surface is used to support the pre-positioned fibers in the tension frame, and a sticky matrix material is pre-arranged on the base surface, and the arrangement state of the fibers is maintained by the viscosity of the uncured matrix to obtain a composite material film, and through subsequent semi-curing, curing and other operations, a composite material with regularly arranged fibers is obtained, thereby improving the performance of the composite material.

[0034] The present invention can control the precise position of the fiber bundle or the fiber monofilament, so that the fibers are arranged regularly to form a preform and realize composite material molding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber laying device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Attached Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Attached Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the tension frame (including pre-positioning fibers) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Attached Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tension frame (excluding pre-positioning fibers) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Attached Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tension frame (without pre-positioning fibers) in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Attached Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning groove in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Attached Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Attached Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single-layer composite material membrane preform in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure, 1, base surface; 11, first substrate; 12, second substrate; 13, third substrate; 2, tension frame; 21, first tension rod; 22, second tension rod; 23, positioning groove; 3, microscope group; 31, first microscope; 32, second microscope; 33, third microscope; 4, first linear motion mechanism; 5, second linear motion mechanism; 6, support frame; 7, horizontal vibration reduction workbench; 8, counterweight block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0046] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0049] As attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention includes a fiber laying device, including a base surface 1, a tension frame 2 and a moving component; a sticky base material is arranged on the base surface 1; the tension frame 2 is used to place fiber bundles or fiber monofilaments, and provide tension for the fiber bundles or fiber monofilaments, so that the fibers are in a straightened state. Specifically, the tension frame 2 includes a plurality of tension rods, each of which is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves 23, and the two ends of the fiber pass through the positioning grooves 23 of the two tension rods respectively, and the arrangement direction of the fiber is determined by the two positioning grooves 23, and the fiber is in a straightened state under tension in the tension rod, so that the fiber is arranged regularly between the tension rods in accordance with the preset arrangement mode, that is, the pre-positioning of the fiber is achieved; the pre-positioning of multiple fiber bundles or multiple fiber monofilaments can be achieved on the tension frame 2 at the same time; specifically, the two tension rods used to fix a fiber bundle or a fiber monofilament can be arranged in parallel, or can be connected to each other at a certain angle, and the multi-angle positioning of the fiber can be adjusted by selecting the limit grooves at different positions;

[0050] The base surface 1 and / or the tension frame 2 are connected to a moving component, and the moving component is used to drive the base surface 1 and / or the tension frame 2 to move. At least the base surface 1 and the tension frame 2 can move relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface 1. The space surrounded by the inner edges of the plurality of tension rods can accommodate the base surface 1, so that after the tension frame 2 and the base surface 1 are relatively close in a direction perpendicular to the base surface 1, all the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame 2 can be placed on the base surface 1 and adhered by the matrix material on the base surface 1, so that the fibers are laid on the base surface 1 according to the pre-positioned positions on the tension frame 2, and regular fiber arrangement is achieved;

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the positioning groove 23 of the tension frame 2 is used to pre-position a single bundle of fibers or a single fiber filament, so that the fibers are arranged neatly in a desired direction. Then, the tension frame 2 and the base surface 1 are relatively moved closer, and the base surface 1 is used to support the pre-positioned fibers in the tension frame 2. A sticky matrix material is pre-arranged on the base surface 1, and the fiber arrangement state is maintained by the viscosity of the uncured matrix material to obtain a composite material film. Through subsequent semi-curing, curing and other operations, a composite material with regularly arranged fibers is obtained, thereby improving the performance of the composite material.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the tension frame 2 includes four tension rods, which are connected end to end to form a rectangular frame, and the inner frame size of the rectangular frame is larger than the base surface 1, so as to ensure that the fibers on the tension frame 2 can be laid on the base surface 1. Relatively speaking, the tension rods are directly set as ear rods, and the frame type has higher structural stability. The structure of the tension frame 2 is not easy to deform, thereby ensuring that the fiber laying accuracy is not affected; when pre-positioning the fibers, the fiber bundles or fiber monofilaments can be placed in the positioning grooves 23 of any two tension rods; specifically, the fiber bundles or fiber monofilaments can be positioned and placed through the positioning grooves 23 on two tension rods that are parallel in relative position, or can be positioned and placed through the positioning grooves 23 on two adjacent tension rods, so as to realize fiber arrangements at different angles, and can realize both unidirectional regular fiber arrangement on the base surface 1 and staggered fiber arrangement on the base surface 1. Preferably, the positioning groove 23 on the tension rod has a certain length to avoid accidental fiber truncation, and the extension direction of the positioning groove 23 is consistent with the required fiber arrangement direction, and the width of the bottom of the positioning groove 23 is slightly larger than the diameter of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament to ensure the accuracy of the fiber pre-positioning position. In this embodiment, two tension rods with positioning grooves 23 and two ordinary connecting rods can also be used to form a rectangular frame. The two tension rods can be set in relative positions or adjacent positions. The fiber bundle or fiber monofilament is positioned and placed through the positioning grooves 23 of two of the tension rods; three tension rods with positioning grooves 23 and one ordinary connecting rod can also be used to form a rectangular frame. The fiber bundle or fiber monofilament is positioned and placed through the positioning grooves 23 of any two of the tension rods. Specifically, one of the tension rods or connecting rods in the rectangular frame is connected to the second linear motion mechanism 5, and the second linear motion mechanism 5 drives the tension frame 2 to move linearly.

[0053] In another specific embodiment, the tension frame 2 includes a "C"-shaped frame formed by connecting the ends of three tension rods end to end, so as to improve the structural stability and save materials at the same time. The inner frame size of the "C"-shaped frame is larger than that of the base surface 1 to ensure that the fibers on the tension frame 2 can be laid on the base surface 1. When pre-positioning the fibers, the fiber bundle or single fiber can be placed in the positioning grooves 23 of any two tension rods. In this embodiment, two tension rods can also be arranged in parallel at opposite positions, and one end of the two tension rods is connected by a common connecting rod. Specifically, the tension rod or the connecting rod in the middle of the "C"-shaped frame is connected to the second linear movement mechanism 5, and the second linear movement mechanism 5 drives the tension frame 2 to move linearly.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the fiber bundle or single fiber placed in the positioning groove 23 passes through both ends of the tension frame 2 and is connected to the counterweight 8. The counterweights 8 at both ends of the fiber provide tension for the fiber to keep the fiber in a straightened state. Preferably, for easier operation, the same counterweight 8 is used for the same ends of all fibers, and one end of the fiber is adhered to the counterweight 8. Preferably, to ensure the straightened state of each bundle of fibers or each single fiber, counterweights 8 are separately provided at both ends of each bundle of fibers or each single fiber to avoid the mutual influence between fibers with different tension degrees, resulting in some fibers not being straightened.

[0055] In another preferred embodiment, the fiber bundle or single fiber placed in the positioning groove 23 passes through both ends of the tension frame 2 and is fixed on the tension frame 2. Specifically, the two ends of the fiber can be adhered to the tension frame 2 by using glue or other adhesives.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the base surface 1 includes a number of substrate units that are detachably connected to each other. The planes of the several substrate units form an entire plane for the laying of pre-positioned fibers. The substrate units are provided with glue or a sticky matrix material, and at least one of the substrate units is provided with a sticky matrix material. A plurality of substrate units provided with the matrix material are connected to form the entire matrix. By adjusting the number of substrate units provided with the matrix material, matrices of different sizes can be obtained, and thus composite membranes of different sizes can be obtained. Preferably, the substrate unit in the middle is provided with a sticky matrix material, and the substrate units on the periphery or both sides are provided with glue. The glue has better viscosity and can stick the two ends of the fiber more firmly, so as to more stably maintain the arrangement state of the fibers. More preferably, when the fibers are arranged unidirectionally, glue can be provided on the substrate units on both sides in the fiber extension direction to avoid waste of resources.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, it further comprises a support frame 6, and the substrate unit is detachably connected to the support frame 6, and a plurality of substrate units are assembled to form a base surface 1. Preferably, a micrometer-level height adjustment mechanism is provided under the substrate unit to adjust the plane height of a single substrate unit to ensure the flatness of the base surface 1; preferably, a plane sensor is provided on the substrate unit to control the plane position of the substrate unit. Preferably, a temperature adjustment mechanism is also provided in the substrate unit to adjust the temperature of the substrate unit, thereby increasing the viscosity of the matrix material on the substrate unit to enhance the degree of fixation of the fiber in the matrix.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, when the fibers need to be arranged in one direction, the base surface 1 is composed of a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 and a third substrate 13 located on opposite sides of the first substrate 11. Figure 2 As shown, the first substrate 11 is connected to the support frame 6 by bolts, and the first substrate 11 can be removed from the support frame 6 by loosening the bolts between the first substrate 11 and the support frame 6; a boss is set in the middle of the first substrate 11, and the second substrate 12 and the third substrate 13 are inserted into the two sides of the boss of the first substrate 11, and the upper surface of the boss of the first substrate 11 is in the same plane as the upper surface of the second substrate 12 and the upper surface of the third substrate 13; preferably, a high-precision linear module in the vertical direction is set between the bottom of the second substrate 12 and the first substrate 11, and between the bottom of the third substrate 13 and the first substrate 11, and the height of the second substrate 12 and the third substrate 13 is precisely controlled by the linear module to keep the upper surface of the base surface 1 flat. Optionally, a sticky base material is set on the upper surface of the boss of the first substrate 11, and adhesive is set on the second substrate 12 and the third substrate 13.

[0059] Optionally, the tension frame 2 includes a first tension rod 21 and a second tension rod 22 arranged in parallel, the first tension rod 21 is close to the second substrate 12, and the second tension rod 22 is close to the third substrate 13. The positioning grooves 23 on the two tension rods are aligned one by one, and the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament is positioned through the corresponding two positioning grooves 23;

[0060] When laying the fibers, the tension frame 2 descends until the base surface 1 supports the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament between the tension rods, and the two ends of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament are respectively fixed on the viscose of the second substrate 12 and the third substrate 13, and the middle part is adhered to the sticky matrix material of the first substrate 11. Then, the fibers are cut between the first tension rod 21 and the second substrate 12, between the second substrate 12 and the first substrate 11, between the first substrate 11 and the third substrate 13, and between the third substrate 13 and the second tension rod 22, and a composite material in which the fibers are unidirectionally arranged on the matrix material is obtained on the first substrate 11; preferably, the second substrate 12 is close to the first tension rod 21 and the first substrate 11 on both sides, and the third substrate 13 is close to the second tension rod 22 and the first substrate 11 on both sides. The risk of accidental cutting of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament is reduced by the transition of the rounded arc.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the support frame 6 is set as a plane, a rotating mechanism is set on the plane, and the base surface 1 is set on the rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism drives the base surface 1 to rotate on the plane of the upper end of the support frame 6, and adjusts the angle relationship between the base surface 1 and the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame 2, thereby realizing fiber laying at different angles.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the moving assembly includes a first linear moving mechanism 4 and a second linear moving mechanism 5 that are perpendicular to each other; the first linear moving mechanism 4 is connected to the base surface 1, and is used to align the base surface 1 with the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame 2, and the second linear moving mechanism 5 is connected to the tension frame 2, and is used to move the tension frame 2 in a direction perpendicular to the base surface 1. Preferably, the first linear motion mechanism 4 is a high-precision horizontal linear module, which is controlled by a motion controller to achieve single-coordinate bidirectional movement in the horizontal direction. The high-precision horizontal linear module includes a horizontal slide and a horizontal moving track. The support frame 6 is arranged on the horizontal slide. The horizontal slide moves along the horizontal moving track to adjust the position of the base surface 1, and the base surface 1 is moved below the tension frame 2 so that the base surface 1 is aligned with the pre-positioned fiber on the tension frame 2; the second linear motion mechanism 5 is a vertical linear module, which is controlled by a motion controller to achieve single-coordinate bidirectional movement in the vertical direction. The second linear motion mechanism 5 moves through the vertical moving track. The second linear motion mechanism 5 is connected to the tension frame 2 for lifting the tension frame 2. The vertical linear module includes a vertical slide and a vertical moving track. The tension frame 2 is arranged on the vertical slide. The vertical slide moves along the vertical moving track so that the tension frame 2 moves in a direction perpendicular to the base surface 1; specifically, the horizontal moving track of the high-precision horizontal linear module and the vertical moving track of the vertical linear module are both arranged on the horizontal vibration reduction workbench 7 to avoid fiber arrangement errors caused by machine vibration.

[0063] As attached Figure 1As shown, the working process of the fiber laying device of the present invention is as follows: in the initial state, the second linear motion mechanism 5 controls the position of the tension frame 2 to be above the plane where the base surface 1 is located, and each fiber bundle or fiber monofilament is placed in two positioning grooves 23 on the tension frame 2, and counterweights 8 are arranged at both ends of the positioning grooves 23 on both sides of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament to achieve pre-positioning of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament. The multiple pairs of positioning grooves 23 of the tension frame 2 can be used in conjunction with the counterweights 8 to pre-position multiple fiber bundles or fiber monofilaments respectively; after the pre-positioning of the fibers on the tension frame 2 is completed, the first linear motion mechanism 4 is used to move the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament to the tension frame 2. The base surface 1 is controlled to move to a suitable position under the projection of the pre-positioned fiber, so that the pre-positioned fiber is aligned with the position to be laid on the base surface 1, and the tension frame 2 is controlled to move downward by the second linear motion mechanism 5, so that the pre-positioned fiber on the tension frame 2 and the part between each pair of positioning grooves 23 fall on the base surface 1, and the fiber is adhered by the sticky matrix material set on the base surface 1; after the fiber is adhered to the base surface 1, the fiber is cut off at the position between the base surface 1 and the tension frame 2, and the tension frame 2 is controlled to move upward by the second linear motion mechanism 5, that is, the fiber laying is completed on the base surface 1 once, and a composite material membrane is obtained. The operation can be repeated later to continue laying fibers on the base surface 1, or the base surface 1 can be removed, and the composite material membrane can be removed from the base surface 1 after the composite material membrane is semi-cured.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, it also includes a monitoring alarm system, which includes a microscope group 3, a computing module and an alarm; the microscope group 3 is arranged above the base surface 1, and the microscope group 3 is used to observe the fiber state, which includes the position change of the fiber in the positioning groove 23, the arrangement of the fiber on the base surface 1, whether the fiber is in a loose state, whether the fiber is broken, and to obtain a fiber image and transmit it to the computing module; the computing module can judge whether the position change of the fiber in the positioning groove 23 exceeds a threshold, whether the laying spacing between the fiber bundles or the fiber monofilaments exceeds a threshold, whether the tension state of the fiber exceeds a threshold, and whether the fiber has been broken based on the received fiber image through deep learning; when the computing module judges that the fiber state is abnormal, that is, the position change of the fiber in the positioning groove 23 exceeds a threshold, or the laying spacing between the fiber bundles or the fiber monofilaments exceeds a threshold, or the tension state of the fiber exceeds a threshold, or the fiber is broken, the alarm sends a corresponding alarm;

[0065] Optionally, after the microscope group 3 transmits the fiber image to the calculation module, the calculation module identifies the number of fiber bundles or fiber filaments on the base surface 1 according to the fiber image, and calculates the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite material in combination with the input matrix parameters and fiber parameters (including the width of the matrix on the base surface 1, the number, diameter, length of single fibers or fiber filaments, and the thickness of the matrix material); the calculation formula for the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite material is:

[0066] ;

[0067] in, represents the fiber volume; , represents the resin volume; n is the number of monofilament fibers laid; D is the average diameter of the monofilament fibers; L is the length of the monofilament fibers laid on the supporting plate three; b is the width of the monofilament fibers laid on the supporting plate three; and h is the thickness of the resin film.

[0068] Optionally, the computing module can also identify the matrix parameters and fiber parameters (including the width of the matrix on the base surface 1, the number, diameter, length and thickness of the matrix material of the single fiber or fiber monofilament) according to the fiber image provided by the microscope group 3 through deep learning, that is, identify n、 The values ​​of D, L, and b are used to calculate the volume fraction.

[0069] Optionally, the monitoring and alarm system is also provided with a visualization interface for viewing the fiber image and / or the volume fraction of the fiber in the composite material.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the microscope group 3 includes a first microscope 31, a second microscope 32 and a third microscope 33, which are respectively used to obtain the fiber status on the first substrate 11, the second substrate 12 and the third substrate 13. When the calculation module determines that the fiber status is abnormal, it determines the substrate unit with the fiber abnormality, prompts the abnormal substrate unit through an alarm, or displays the abnormal substrate unit through a visual interface, so as to quickly and conveniently find the abnormality, solve the problem, and improve the overall laying efficiency.

[0071] The embodiment of the present invention also includes a fiber laying method, which uses the fiber laying device as described above to lay fibers, and includes the following steps:

[0072] S1, substrate preparation: in the fiber laying device, the tension frame 2 is in a state away from the base surface 1, and a sticky base material is arranged on the base surface 1;

[0073] S2, fiber pre-positioning: placing the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament in the positioning grooves 23 of the two tension rods, with both ends of the fiber bundle or fiber monofilament passing through the positioning grooves 23, and respectively provided with counterweight blocks 8;

[0074] S3, laying fibers: operating the moving assembly to bring the base surface 1 and the tension frame 2 relatively close to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface 1, so that the fiber bundles or fiber filaments on the tension frame 2 are laid on the sticky matrix material of the base surface 1, and the fiber bundles or fiber filaments outside the base surface 1 are cut off;

[0075] S4, device reset: operate the moving assembly to reset the tension frame 2 to a state away from the base surface 1, completing a single laying action.

[0076] Specifically, before S1 substrate preparation, the working environment and the horizontal vibration-damping workbench 7 are cleaned to ensure a dust-free environment during the laying process.

[0077] The embodiment of the present invention also includes a composite material forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0078] T1, completing a single laying action by the above-mentioned fiber laying method, repeating S2 to S4 until the fiber volume fraction in the composite material meets the requirement, and forming a single-layer composite material membrane preform on the base surface 1;

[0079] T2, removing the base surface 1 with the single-layer composite material membrane preform from the fiber laying device, performing semi-curing treatment, removing the semi-cured composite material membrane, and placing it in a cold storage for standby use;

[0080] T3, repeating T1 and T2 to obtain multiple semi-cured composite material films;

[0081] T4, overlapping a plurality of semi-cured composite material films and performing a curing treatment to obtain a finished composite material product;

[0082] The embodiment of the present invention also includes another composite material forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0083] Y1. Complete a single laying action by the above-mentioned fiber laying method, repeat S2 to S4 until the fiber volume fraction in the composite material meets the requirement, and lay a fiber layer on the base surface 1;

[0084] Y2, repeating Y1 on the fiber layer of base surface 1 to obtain a composite material preform;

[0085] Y3. Curing the composite material preform obtained in Y2 to obtain a composite material finished product.

[0086] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

Claims

1. A fiber laying device, characterized in that: It comprises a base surface (1), a tension frame (2) and a moving component; A sticky base material is arranged on the base surface (1); The tension frame (2) comprises a plurality of tension rods, each of the tension rods being provided with a plurality of positioning grooves (23), and the fibers are pre-positioned by passing through the positioning grooves (23) on two of the tension rods; The base surface (1) and / or the tension frame (2) are connected to the moving component, and the base surface (1) and the tension frame (2) can move relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface (1), so that the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame (2) are laid on the base surface (1); The moving assembly comprises a first linear moving mechanism (4) and a second linear moving mechanism (5) which are perpendicular to each other; the first linear moving mechanism (4) is connected to the base surface (1) and is used to align the base surface (1) with the pre-positioned fibers on the tension frame (2); the second linear moving mechanism (5) is connected to the tension frame (2) and is used to move the tension frame (2) in a direction perpendicular to the base surface (1); the first linear moving mechanism (4) is a high-precision horizontal linear module, which is controlled by a motion controller to achieve single-coordinate bidirectional movement in the horizontal direction; the high-precision horizontal linear module comprises a horizontal slide and a horizontal moving track; the base surface (1) is arranged on the horizontal slide and is moved along the horizontal slide by the horizontal slide. The horizontal movable track moves to adjust the position of the base surface (1), and moves the base surface (1) to below the tension frame (2), so that the base surface (1) is aligned with the pre-positioned fiber on the tension frame (2); the second linear motion mechanism (5) is a vertical linear module, which is controlled by a motion controller to achieve single-coordinate bidirectional movement in the vertical direction, and the second linear motion mechanism (5) is connected to the tension frame (2) and is used to lift the tension frame (2). The vertical linear module comprises a vertical slide and a vertical movable track, and the tension frame (2) is arranged on the vertical slide, and moves along the vertical movable track through the vertical slide, so that the tension frame (2) moves in a direction perpendicular to the base surface (1); The base surface (1) comprises a plurality of mutually detachably connected base plate units, the planes of the plurality of base plate units forming an entire plane for pre-positioning the laying of fibers; a sticky base material is arranged on the base plate unit located in the middle, and adhesive is arranged on the base plate units located on the periphery or on both sides, wherein the adhesive has better adhesiveness and can more stably adhere to both ends of the fibers, thereby more stably maintaining the arrangement of the fibers; a composite material in which the fibers are arranged on the sticky base material is obtained on the base plate unit in the middle, and after the laying is completed, the fibers outside the base plate unit in the middle are cut off; It also includes a monitoring alarm system, including a microscope group (3), a computing module, and an alarm; the microscope group (3) is arranged above the base surface (1) and is used to obtain a fiber image and transmit the fiber image to the computing module; the computing module determines the fiber state by identifying the fiber image and calculates the volume fraction of the fiber in the composite material; When the calculation module determines that the fiber is abnormal, the alarm is controlled to sound an alarm; The calculation formula for the volume fraction of fiber in the composite material is: Φ= V 1 / [ V 1+ V 2] in, V 1=[ n *π*(D / 2) 2 *L] indicates fiber volume; V 2 = L*b*h, which represents the volume of the matrix material with viscosity; n is the number of monofilament fibers laid; D is the average diameter of the monofilament fibers; L is the length of the monofilament fibers laid on the middle substrate unit; b is the width of the monofilament fibers laid on the middle substrate unit; and h is the film thickness of the viscous matrix material.

2. The fiber laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base surface (1) comprises a first substrate (11) and a second substrate (12) and a third substrate (13) respectively located on opposite sides of the first substrate (11); a sticky base material is provided on the first substrate (11), and adhesive is provided on the second substrate (12) and the third substrate (13).

3. The fiber laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a support frame (6), and the substrate unit is detachably connected to the support frame (6); a micrometer-level height adjustment mechanism is provided under the substrate unit, which is used to adjust the height of a single substrate unit to ensure the flatness of the base surface (1).

4. The fiber laying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support frame (6) is provided with a rotating mechanism, the base surface (1) is provided on the rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is used to drive the base surface (1) to rotate within a plane.

5. The fiber laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tension frame (2) comprises two tension rods arranged in parallel, and the vertical distance between the two tension rods is adjustable.

6. A fiber laying method, characterized in that: The fiber laying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used to lay fibers, comprising the following steps: S1. Matrix preparation: In the fiber laying device, the tension frame (2) is in a state away from the base surface (1), and a sticky matrix material is arranged on the base surface (1); S2, fiber pre-positioning: placing a fiber bundle or a fiber monofilament in the positioning grooves (23) of the two tension rods, with both ends of the fiber bundle or the fiber monofilament passing through the positioning grooves (23), and counterweight blocks (8) are respectively provided; S3, laying fibers: operating the moving component to bring the base surface (1) and the tension frame (2) relatively close to each other in a direction perpendicular to the base surface (1), so that the fiber bundles or fiber filaments on the tension frame (2) are laid on the sticky matrix material on the base surface (1), and the fiber bundles or fiber filaments outside the middle base plate unit are cut off; S4, device reset: operate the moving assembly to reset the tension frame (2) to a state where the tension frame (2) is away from the base surface (1), thereby completing a single laying action.

7. A composite material molding method, characterized in that: The steps include: T1. Complete a single laying action by the fiber laying method according to claim 6, repeat S2 to S4 until the fiber volume fraction in the composite material meets the requirement, and form a single-layer composite material membrane preform on the base surface (1); T2, removing the base surface (1) with the single-layer composite material membrane preform from the fiber laying device, performing a semi-curing treatment, removing the semi-cured composite material membrane, and placing it in a cold storage for standby use; T3, repeating T1 and T2 to obtain a plurality of semi-cured composite material films; T4, overlapping a plurality of the semi-cured composite material films and performing a curing treatment to obtain a finished composite material; Alternatively, include the following steps: Y1. Complete a single laying operation by the fiber laying method according to claim 6, repeat S2 to S4 until the fiber volume fraction in the composite material meets the requirement, and lay a fiber layer on the base surface (1); Y2. Repeating Y1 on the fiber layer of the base surface (1) to obtain a composite material preform; Y3. Curing the composite material preform obtained in Y2 to obtain a composite material finished product.

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